研究生高级英语教程-191句

Unit 1 Waking Up from the American Dream 1.Dead-end jobs and the high cost of college could be

choking off upward mobility.没有出路的工作和昂贵的大学学费可能阻断社会地位的提升。

2.But for years, even during the 1990s boom, much of

Corporate America had already embraced Wal-Mart-like stratagems to control labor costs.但多年来，即便在经济迅速发展的20世纪90年代，企业文化盛行的美国社会早已普遍在控制劳动力成本方面引入了沃尔玛式的策略

3.While these tactics have the admirable outcome of

holding down consumer prices, they‟re costly in other ways.尽管这些策略在降低消费品价格方面成效显著，在其他方面却造成严重损失

4.More than a quarter of the labor force, about 34

million workers, is trapped in low-wage, often dead-end jobs.超过劳动力人口总数1/4的约3400万名工人因工资低、工作没有前途而陷入困境

5.The number of workers progressing upward began

to slip in the 1970s, when the post-World WarⅡproductivity boom ran out of steam.二战后生产的繁荣消退之际，社会地位提高的劳动者人数开始减少。6.Upward mobility diminished even more in the

1980s as globalization and technology slammed blue-collar wages. 80年代，随着全球化和科技的发展，蓝领阶层的工资大幅度下滑，向上升迁的减弱趋势更甚于以往

7.Many experts expected the trend to reverse as

productivity rebounded during the heated economy of the 1990s.在生产力回升、经济蓬勃发展的20世纪90年代，许多专家曾指望上述趋势可以逆转

8.College enrollment boomed, too, and home

ownership shot up, extending the American dream to more families.大学入学率和房屋拥有量快速飙升，“美国梦”惠及更多的家庭

9.Surprisingly, the best economy in 30 years did little

to get America‟s vaunted upward mobility back on track. 令人惊讶的是，30年中最好的经济态势都没能重振美国人一向自吹自捧的“向上升迁”的传统

10.The big finding in recent years is that the notion of America

being a highly mobile society isn‟t as true as it used to be.

近些年的一大发现就是过去美国社会有很强的上下流动性，而现在不是了

11.It‟s hard to find a job with a career ladder these days, and a

B. A. would be an edge. 如今很难找到可以逐步得到提升

的工作，而有个文学学士学位就多些竞争力

12.Today, upward mobility is determined increasingly by a

college degree that‟s attainable mostly by those whose parents already have money or education. 如今能否晋升越来越取决于大学学历，而取得大学学历的大多数人的父母已具备经济实力或受过文化教育

13.Problem is, that all-important sheepskin is out of reach for

most students from low-income families. 问题是，大多数低收入家庭的学生只能对至关重要的学历文凭望洋兴叹

14.Although college enrollment has soared for higher-income

students, more children from poor families can only afford to go to community college.

15.Sons from the bottom three quarters of the socioeconomic

scale were less likely to move up in the 1990s than in the 1960s.

16.Restoring American mobility is less a question of knowing

what to do than of making it happen.

17.There have been plenty of warnings about declining college

access, but finding funds was difficult even in eras of large surpluses.

18.I f the U.S. couldn‟t shake off a creeping rigidity in the be st

of times, it will take a conscious change to reverse course now.

Unit 2 Move Over, Big Brother

1.Big Brother, they have long warned, is watching. Now there

is the possibility that citizens are being watched.

2.Thanks to the spread of mobile phones, digital cameras and

the internet, surveillance technology has become far more widely available.

3.Surveillance abilities that used to be limited to governments

are now, or soon will be, in the hands of everyone.

4. A digital image, unlike a conventional photograph, can be

quickly and easily copied and distributed around the world.

5.The democratisation of surveillance is a mixed blessing,

however.

6.Germany's parliament has passed a bill that outlaws

unauthorized photos within buildings.

7.In Saudi Arabia, the import and sale of camera-phones has

been banned, and religious authorities have denounced them for “spreading obscenity”.

8.South Korea's government has ordered manufacturers to

design new phones so that they beep when taking a picture.

9.Cheap surveillance technology facilitates other sorts of

crime.

10.But the spread of surveillance technology also has its

benefits. In particular, it can enhance transparency and accountability.

11.Camera-phones could have a profound effect on the news

media.

12.Camera-phones make everyone a potential news

photographer.

13.Unsurprisingly, old media is starting to embrace the trend.

14.A photographically …armed‟ society c ould turn out to be

more polite.

15.The omnipresence of cameras and other surveillance

technologies might end up making individuals more conformist.

16.The surveillance society is on its way, just as privacy

advocates have long warned.

17.I ncreasingly, it is not just Big Brother who is watching— but

lots of little brothers, too.