高中英语选修第一单元知识点语法及练习

第一单元知识点1.abstract1 adj.深奥的;抽象的 e.g. Beauty is abstract but a house is not.2 v. 提炼;抽取；概括;写摘要 e.g. Rubber is abstracted from trees.e.g. He is abstracting a story for a book review.他在为一篇书评撰写故事摘要..3n. an abstract of a lecture一个演讲的摘要Would you rather have Chinese or Western-style paintings in your home would rather do sth情愿做… e.g. I would rather stay at home today. would rather sb do sth情愿sb做… e.g. I would rather you came here tomorrow.would rather do sth than do sth = would do sth rather than do sth= prefer to do sth rather than do sth = prefer doing sth to doing sth e.g. I would rather go with you than stay here.= I would go with you rather than stay here.= I prefer to go with you rather than stay here.= I prefer going with you to staying here.3.faith n. 信任;信仰break one's faith with sb. 对某人不守信用keep faith with忠于信仰; 守信have faith in相信; 信任 lose faith in 不再相信 in good faith 老实地；诚恳地e.g. I kept faith with him.我信守了对他的诺言..He who loses faith; loses all.失去信心的人; 失去所有..faithful adj. 忠诚的;可靠的be faithful to…对…忠诚4.consequently adv. 所以;因此e.g. Mr Foster has never been to China. Consequently; he knows very little about it. consequent adj. 作为结果的;随之发生的 consequence n. 结果as a consequence/result = in consequence as a consequence/result of = because ofe.g. She was found guilty; and lost her job in consequence of it.5.aimA．1 n. 目标C e.g. What is your aim in life 你生活的目的是什么without aim 无目的的/ 无目标的 achieve one’s aim达到目标miss one’s aim 打不中目标U 对准; 瞄准take aim at e.g. The hunter took aim at the lion. 2v. 以枪等对准;瞄准aim at aim at the target=take aim at the target 瞄准靶子e.g. He aimed his gun at the tiger; fired but missed it.aimless a. 无目标的;无目的的 She led an aimless life.B. 打算;计划; 以…为目标; 立志做…aim at doing = aim to do 瞄准; 力求做到;力争达到e.g. Harry aims at becoming a doctor./Harry aims to become a doctor.6.evident adj. 明白的; 明显的e.g. The applause made it evident that the play was a hit.It is evident obvious to sb that … e.g. It's evident that you are tired. n. evidence 证据;证明 in evidence = evident 明显的7.realistic现实主义的;逼真的;现实的in a more realistic way 以一种更逼真的形式realism现实主义 realist现实主义者 real adj. 真的 realize v. 实现8. adopt vt.1.采取;采纳;吸收e.g. After much deliberation; the president decided to adopt hersuggestion.2.过继;收养+as e.g. Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son.3.正式通过;接受 e.g. The agenda was adopted after some discussion. adopted adj. 被收养的;被采用的 an adopted child9.possess 用作动词时;不能用于进行时..1“有;拥有” e.g. The library possesses a number of the artist’s early works.2“具有…的特质” be possessed of sth意为“具有某种品质或特征”3“支配;控制” e.g. He was possessed by the desire to be rich. possession c财产;所有物常用复数 personal possessions个人财产e.g. The ring is one of her most valuable possessions.u占有;拥有Take/get/have/gain possession of占领;夺取in possession of 表主动占in the possession of=in one’s possession表被动…被占有〃e.g. He is in ~ of the house. 他拥有这套房子..The house is in the ~ of him. 这套房子在他的占有之下..10. convince vt. “使确信；使信服”convince sb. to do sth. .说服某人做…convince sb of sth convince sb+ that从句使某人确信某事e.g. He convinced me of his sincerity. 他使我确信他的真诚..I was convinced that he was sincere.sb. be convinced of sth sb. be convinced that…某人确信......11.attempt v.尝试;企图; 努力去执行或完成attempt doing反复尝试做 attempt to do企图做attempt to do/doing = try to do/doinge.g. I attempted to speak but was told to be quiet.n. 1 企图或努力 2袭击；攻击an attempt on someone's life对某人生命的攻击make an attempt to do sth /at doing sth尝试做…at one’s attempt 在…尝试下 one’s first attempt 初次尝试e.g. She made an attempt to cook the dinner. 她试着做这顿饭..12.on the other hand 另一方面;相当于一个副词..常与on one hand连用.. On one hand…on the other hand一方面另…一方面e.g. This job is not well paid; but on the other hand; I don’t have towork long hours. On one hand; I need a computer; but on the other hand;I don’t have enough money.at hand在手边;在附近 by hand用手的;手工的go hand in hand with与…共同行动13.figure1 外形;体形;人影 e.g. I saw a figure in the darkness.2 体态;风姿 e.g. She has a slender figure.3人物;名人 e.g. He has become a figure known to everyone.4 数字 e.g. Where did you get those figures14.1aggressive adj. 敢作敢为的;有闯劲的;侵略性的;好斗的e.g. He is very aggressive. 他生性好斗..an aggressive salesman一干劲很大的售货员 aggressive weapons 攻击性武器2aggressively adv. 气势汹汹地 3aggression n.侵略行动aggressor n. 侵略者15.in the flesh活生生;本人;亲自 flesh n.肌肉;肉e.g. Have you ever seen Jay Chou in the flesh你见过周杰伦本人吗flesh and blood肉体;血肉之躯 e.g. Though he is a hero; he is still flesh and blood.lose flesh减肥 gain/put on flesh增肥 flesh-eating食肉的16.preference1更加的喜爱;偏爱UC+fore.g. A window seat is my preference.我喜欢靠窗的座位..2偏爱的事物或人C e.g. Which is your preference; tea or coffee3偏袒U+fore.g. Parents should not show preference for any one of their children. 4优先权;优惠权UC in preference to 优先于 have a preference for偏爱e.g. I have a preference for classic music.I’d choose the small car in preference to the larger one.17.appeal vi.1呼吁;恳求appeal to sb for sth. e.g. He appealed to me for help. 2诉诸;求助+to e.g. We will appeal to a variety of sources of information. 3有吸引力;迎合爱好+to e.g. The idea appealed to Mary. 4律上诉+to/againste.g. He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given.18.reputation n. 名誉;名声+fore.g. The store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.Cheating at the game ruined that player’s reputation.live up to one’s reputation不负盛名 lose one’s reputation失去盛名win a high reputation赢得很高的声誉19. more than＋名词意为“不仅仅”e.g. Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer; too.1 more than+数词;意为“超过”相当于over;其反义词组为less than..e.g. There are more than two hundred people in the park.2“more than＋形容词/副词”是“很”或“非常”的意思..e.g. I am more than content with what you said. 我对你的讲话十分满意..3 在“more ... than ...”结构中;肯定“more”后面的内容而否定“than”后面的部分;常译为“是…而不是…”或“与其说…不如说…”..e.g. Hearing the loud noise; the boy was more surprised than frightened.听到这巨大的声响;男孩与其说是害怕不如说是感到很惊讶..20.contemporary 1adj.当代的;同时代的;同年龄的e.g. His lecture is on contemporary American novelists.He has furniture of contemporary style.b e contemporary with 与…同时代e.g. Was Jonson contemporary with Shakespeare 琼森是否与莎士比亚同辈2n. C 同时代的人;同年龄的人；同时期的东西；当代人;现代人e.g. He was looked down upon by his contemporaries. 他被他的同时代的人瞧不起..1. You have to be ________. Anybody like you without any ______ experienceis not likely to be given a big salary even if you graduate from a famous university. .A. true; realisticB. realistic; practicalC. practical; realisticD. real; realistic2. Sculptures are something ______ but the concepts they demonstrate are_______; which takes wisdom to understandA. real; subtractB.concrete; abstractC. realistic; subscribeD. specific; conventional3. Have faith ______ yourself; be faithful _______your work and make every effort you can and then you are not far away from success.A. of; ofB. in; inC. to; inD. in; to4. Plowing the field is the ______ means to grow crops in China; typical _____ the Chinese farming for thousands of years.A. controversial; withB. traditional; inC. conventional; ofD. contemporary; to5. Strict measures have to be ______ to protect______ children from family abuses.A. adapted; adoptedB. adopted; adoptedC. adjusted; adjustedD. attached; adopted6. Students are given a lot of exercises to do; _______ to improve their grades.A. aimedB. aimingC. to be aimedD. to aim7. Nobody knows for sure who possessed the ancient flower vase. In other words; nobody knows for sure who is ______ of the flower vase.A. in possessionB. in the possessionC. of the possessionD. with possession8. The story is totally made up. If _______ it happens to be ______anyone’s experience; we are here to apologize.A. by coincidence; similar toB. by accident; in coincidencewithC. by chance; by coincidence withD. X; in coincidence to9. Whether euthanasia安乐死 should be made legal has been ________ in thelaw circle for many years.A. conventionalB. controversialC. potentialD. experimental10. It is ridiculous of you to be afraid of your own ______; which follows everywhere you go when there is light.A. shadeB. shadowC. figureD.sculpture11. I have heard of the famous scholar thousands of times but haven’tseen him _______.A. in the fleshB. in personalC. in fleshD. in private12. All visitors were amazed at the skills and ______ the artist ______when carving the figure on the marbleA. technologies; showedB. techniques; displayedC. technology; madeD. technique; displayed13. In such a ______ situation; we have to be careful of what we say andwhat we do.A. delicateB. fragileC. weakD. flexible14. It _______ a superb mind to predict what will exactly happen in the future.A. takesB. costsC. spendsD. makes15. It still remains a mystery why some people are _______ certain flower fragrance while others are not.A. allergic toB. accustomed toC. addicted toD. appealing to16. Egypt ______ a high reputation of ancient civilization across the worldA. likesB. appreciatesC. enjoysD. is fond of17. _______ of time and energy has been spent in making the earthquake-stricken areas a permanent museum to remind people how disastrous a natural disaster can be.A. Large quantitiesB. A great dealC. A good manyD.A plenty18. The girl ______ to figure out what the boy’s attempt was _____ by giving her a bunch of roses but without success .A. managed; XB. succeeded; onC. attempted; atD.tried; on19. Visual teaching aids _______ to students and help them learn betterbut ______ they should not be overused in class.A. attract; on the other handB. appeal; on the otherhandC. hold interest; on other handD. are interested; onone hand20. ________ exhibits made of clay on exhibition have to be taken specialcare of _____ them from being damaged .A. Delicate; preventingB. Fragile; to stopC. Weak; to keepD.Faint; keeping21. The old man enjoys collecting signatures of cotemporary famous people_______ famous paintings.A. with preference ofB. in preference toC. in preference forD.with preference to22. The district committee ______ having a big headache in ______ withthe aggressive boys who make trouble now and then in the area.A. is; dealingB. are; dealingC. is; doingD. are; doing23. Please give us a _______ explanation ______ why you have done so ______in geometry in school.A. specific; to; wellB. concrete; for; goodC. general; to; wonderfulD. specific; to; good24. ---I hear there is an art gallery around here and could you tell me how to get to it; sir---It is ______207 on the Fifth Avenue. Walk down this street and you______.A. on; can’t miss itB. at; can’t avoid itC. on; can’t escapeD. at; can’t miss it25. Students are burdened with too much exercises; _______ their school grade.A. aiming to improveB. aiming at improvingC. aimed to improveD. aimed to improving虚拟语气一、基本含义：虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实;而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测..虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示..二、用法：（一）用于非真实条件句1. 条件句：1真实条件句指假设的情况有可能发生的条件句;用陈述语气..2非真实条件句指假设的情况是过去或限制都不存在的;或将来也不大可能发生的;用虚拟语气2. if条件句的主句和从句的谓语动词形式如下：学以致用2012 湖南高考Sorry; I am too busy now. If I ______ time; I would certainly go for an outing with you.A. have hadB. had hadC. haveD. Had（二）用于宾语从句1. 动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气学以致用2011 北京高考—Where are the children The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.— I wish they ________ always late.A. weren’tB. hadn’t beenC. wouldn’t beD. wouldn’t have been2.表示主观意愿的动词后;后面宾语从句的谓语动词用“should +动词原形”; should 可省略如：suggest 建议require 要求demand 要求insist 坚持要求order/ command 命令e.g. He suggested that we should set a deadline for the completion of the plan.They require that parking should be allowed here. 他们要求允许在此处停车..He insisted that she fasten her safety belt. 他要求她系好安全带..注：suggest表示“表明;暗示”;insist表示“坚持某一说法”时;后宾语从句用陈述语气..e.g. The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied.他脸上的表情表明他很满意..He insisted that he had not stolen the car and insisted that heshouldbe set free at once.他坚持说自己没有偷那辆汽车;并坚持要求立刻释放他..学以致用2013 陕西高考 My mom suggests that we ________ eat out for a change this weekend.A. shouldB. mightC. couldD. Would3.would rather后的宾语从句用虚拟语气学以致用2010 江苏高考 George is going to talk about the geography of his country; but I’d rather he _______ more on its culture.A. focusB. focusedC. would focusD. had focused 即学即练1.If I ________ where he lived; I ________ a letter to him.A. knew; would sendB. had known; would sendB. know; would send D. knew; would have sent2.I wish I _________ a chance to talk to you last night; but you left soearly.A. haveB. hadC. had hadD. will have3.If the contest ________ tomorrow; I would probably go to see it.A. is to take placeB. were to take placeC. was taken placeD. would take place4.She required at the meeting that measures _______ to protect the environment which we rely onto live.A. should takeB. must takeC. could be takenD. be taken5.Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she ________ there; she wouldn’tbe able to see her parents very often.A. livesB. would liveC. has livedD. were to live6.Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he _______ tall when he grows up.A. would have beenB. wereC.would beD. had been7. His pale face suggests that he ______ seriously ill. I suggest that he ______ a doctor immediately.A. is; seeB. should be; sawC. is; must seeD. should be; sees8.—She looks upset. —Yes; I’d rather I _______ her bad news.A. didn’t tellB. don’t tellC. hadn’t toldD. wouldn’t tell9.If it were not for the fact that you ________busy now; I would ask you for help.A. wereB. areC. would beD. had been10.When do you suggest ________A. the patient be operated onB. should the patient be operated onC. the patient could be operated onD. could the patient be operated on。