onion(洋葱味)--onions(洋葱头)

Teaching Points the plural form of nouns in English The possessive form of nouns in English
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1. classification of nouns 2. number forms of nouns 3. partitives 3. possessive form of nouns 4. the gender of nouns 5. usage of nouns in sentence 6. keys to the excises
Individual nouns and collective nouns are usually countable nouns (nouns that have plural and which can collocate with numbers and with such determiners as a, an, many few, these, several, etc) while material nouns and abstract nouns are usually uncountable nouns (nouns that can not go with the above mentioned determiners)
4. Number forms of material nouns Material nouns are generally uncountable and have no plural forms. But there are such cases that a material noun can be used either uncountable or countable. When used to mean the material itself, they are uncountable, but when used in other senses (e.g. two coffees in the sense of “two cups of coffee” ),they are countable, behaving just like individual nouns. There are also material nouns that take plural endings, e.g. sands/waters in the sense of “large expanse of sand or water” and foods/fruits in the sense of “a variety of food or fruit”. These
5. Number forms of abstract nouns Abstract nouns are mostly uncountable. They cannot take such determiners as a, an, one or plural forms. But there are a few abstract nouns that are countable like individual nouns (like a victory , two victories, a conference, two conferences ). There are also abstract nouns that have plural endings but are not countable. e.g. He is in financial difficulties. BUT NOT: ※He is in several financial difficulties. Some abstract nouns have both singular and plural forms, but there are some differences between the two forms. e.g.
formed in such a way but by other means like tooth—teeth, mouse—mice, ox—oxen, etc.. 3. Number forms of collective nouns Some collective nouns are countable, some are not. Countable collective nouns behave just like individual nouns. An uncountable collective noun has no plural form. If we want to “count” them, we will have to use a kind of individual noun related semantically to the collective nouns. e.g.
1. pattern of plural form of nouns and the pronunciation of “-s” (p. 50) 2. Number forms of individual nouns Individual nouns are all countable nouns and therefore have singular and plural forms. The singular form of an individual noun can follow such determiners as a, an, and one. e.g. a desk, one man. The plural form of an individual noun can be regular or irregular. The regular plural form is formed by adding “–s” or “–es” to the end of the noun like days, houses, stories, etc., while the irregular plural is not
Nouns
simple nouns compound nouns derivative nouns
A simple noun is a noun that contains only one free morpheme, e.g. man chair A compound noun is a noun that is composed of two or more morphemes, e.g. armchair motherland A derivation noun is a noun that comes from a verb, an adjective or a simple noun with affixes, e.g. arrangement greatness
Chapter 3
Nouns
Teaching Aims help the Ss to have an understanding about how nouns are used in the English language help the Ss to be clear about the plural form and the possessive form of nouns
nouns. Some nouns can be viewed either as material nouns or as individual nouns, therefore the formers are uncountable and the laters are countable. It depends on the meanings of these nouns. e.g. “lamb” in the sense of “the flesh of a young sheep eaten as meat” is uncountable, while is countable in the sense of “a young sheep”. rubber(橡胶)—rubbers（胶鞋）；stone （石料）--stones（石头）；egg（蛋渍，蛋白） --eggs（蛋） ；onion（洋葱味）--onions（洋葱 头）
Exercise 1. Fill the blanks with a suitable noun to complete the following sentences. 1. Can you describe the car? The police need a full _____ in order to find it. 2. I’ve already arranged for your appointment, and this _____ can not be changed. 3. Very few people attended the lecture. The speaker was disappointed at the _____. 4. That comedian loves to exaggerate. His humor is based on the ____ of his misfortunes. 5. There is no point in arguing about this situation, because this _____ can never be resolved.
collective nouns poetry machinery clothing furniture cutlery equipment correspondence luggage police clergy
individual nouns poem machine garment, coat, etc. table, wardrobe, etc. knife tool letter trunk, bag, etc. policeman clergyman
proper nouns Nouns individual nouns common collective nouns nouns material nouns abstract nouns
countable
uncountable
A proper noun is the name used for a particular person, place or thing, and spelt with a capital initial letter, e.g. Anderson, Britain A common noun is a name common to a class of people, things or abstract ideas, e.g. boy, tiger, water. Common nouns can be further divided into individual nouns (e.g. boy, house, tiger ), collective nouns (e.g. family, team), material nouns (e.g. air, tea, snow), abstract nouns (e.g. glory, failure , education)
6. His contributions to charity were generous. His _____ was appreciated by those he helped. 7. The scientist persisted in making the experiment. His _____ resulted in the discovery of a new vaccine. 8. His furniture design was original. Because of its _____, it won an award. 9. The tailor will measure you for the suit. We will keep a record of your _____ for future use. 10. Drinking water must be pure. Chemicals are added to maintain its _____.