精品2016年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案(21)
12月CET4模拟试卷及答案（3）
12月CET4模拟试卷及答案（3）2016年12月CET4模拟试卷及答案Part ⅢVocabulary (20 minutes)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41.A great deal of ___ for our success should go to Michael Lee, head of our team.A) merit B) creditC) favor D) reward42.They question whether a fair way can be ___ to tell which employees really perform better than their fellow employees.A) depicted B) devisedC) decorated D) designated43.The report indicates that it is financially ___ to build a water power station in the area.A) adaptable B) availableC) feasible D) flexible44.Somehow she felt that she herself had to some extent been the cause of all the trouble,and suffered___.A) accordingly B) respectivelyC) consequently D) incidentally45.The gas company ___ a leak in the main line and evacuated all the tenants of the building.A) detected B) inspectedC) discerned D) explored46.At the 27th Olympic Games she ___ two gold and one silver medals in the track and field events.A) carried away B) carried offC) carried over D) carried through47.More than 790,000 youths were reported to have____the National Master’s Entrance Examination last year.A) sat on B) sat upC) sat in D) sat for48.As a general rule, people with a great deal of ___ often have admiring friends and bitter enemies.A) personality B) temperamentC) disposition D) character49.After she gave birth to a child, she was ___ to go back to work in order to make the ends meet.A) compelled B) enforcedC) imposed D) depressed50.That football club tried to ___ the famous player with offers of a tremendous sum of money.A) deceive B) persuadeC) tempt D) indulge51.Many animal can ___ with their surroundings because of their protective coloring.A) integrate B) matchC) blend D) merge52.The strange phenomenon has ___ and puzzled many scientists for more a century.A) annoyed B) embarrassedC) fascinated D) frustrated53.As we all know, the same gestures may have different ___ which vary from one culture to another.A) implications B) presumptionsC) expressions D) assumptions54.With the advent of PC and home-information systems, we’ll one day be able to ___ most business dealings from home.A) implement B) executeC) conduct D) supplement55.It was an awful accident. I wonder how you managed to ___ without a scratch.A) see through B) come throughC) get through D) break though56.This difficult problem we face in the project has to be tackled before we can ___ to others.A) pursue B) advocateC) precede D) proceed57.While most scientists agree that the greenhouse effect is coming, there are not enough data yet to say with absolute ___ what its consequences will be.A) confirmation B) conformityC) conviction D) conscience58.It is a___that in such a rich and prosperous country there should be so many poverty-stricken people.A) controversy B) paradoxC) aversion D) conversion59.It’s a well-known fact that truth will in the end ___ over falsehood, and right over wrong.A) dominate B) prevailC) thrive D) conquer60.We can’t choose whet her we will pay income tax or not, for payment of income tax is ___.A) compulsory B) voluntaryC) arbitrary D) dutiable61.It’s generally agreed that fluctuations in birth rate are ___ to a number of economic factors.A) entitled B) attributedC) confined D) dedicated62.It’s always better to ___ a problem before it arises than to search for a solution to it afterwards.A) evaluate B) predictC) anticipate D) estimate63.It takes tremendous courage to ___ a belief that is not shared by many others.A) persist in B) abide byC) hold on D) adhere to64.As a good employer, he knows how to make full use of the ___ of his employees’ talents and abilities.A) validity B) integrityC) diversity D) versatility65.Over the years jazz has changed and developed but it has essentially ___ its fundamental characteristics.A) remained B) retainedC) reserved D) resumed66.Economics is a subject that ___ all people’s lives whether they are conscious of it or not.A) draws on B) catches onC) touches on D) embarks on67.When one gets a good ___ into a problem, he will usually find a way to approach it or solve it.A) outlook B) perspectiveC) version D) insight68.She cares much about other people’s opinions about her and is particularly ___ to personal criticisms.A) sensational B) sentimentalC) sensible D) sensitive69.My secretary has typed out the first___of the report,but I must revise it before I submit to the conference.A) draft B) sketchC) script D) outline70.They reported the loss in the financial fraud and gave all the necessary ___ to the police.A) particulars B) provisionsC) procedures D) precautionsPart ⅤWriting (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Economic Development and Moral Decline. You should write at least 150 words and you should base your compositionon the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.近年来我国经济建设取得了很大成就2.但与此同时,社会风气随着经济的发展也日益下降下载文档。
2016年12月大学英语四级答案
参考答案WRITINGStated-owned business or Joint ventureUpon graduation,virtually all college students will confront the problem of the career choice，which is truly a tough choice.Students'opinions differ greatly on this issue.Some hold that there is no better way to get a decent job than working in a stated-owned business which will guarantee my life after retirement,but others take the attitude that a joint venture outweighs any other jobs as it may provide higher income for employees.As to myself,I prefer the latter view.A joint venture,especially ahigh-salary joint venture,exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people,with no exception to me.Although it might be impossible to make sure my retirement pension is good enough,high-salary is exactly what I need just now.In my view,our career choices largely depend on where we want to stay for the rest of life.For me,metropolis is the place where I can grasp loads of opportunities and achieve my personal dreams.As I hold the view that live in the moment,not the future,and also in order to finance myself in some aspects such as the transportation,the house-renting,or social activities,a joint venture can satisfy my needs for the consumption I mentioned above.In short,a joint venture is the first and only consideration in my choice of career.Listening ComprehensionSection A1.[A]2.[B]3.[B]4.[C]5.[D]6.[C]7.[A]Section B8.[D]9.[B]10.[D]11.[C]12.[D]13.[A]14.[C]15.[B] Section C16.[D]17.[C]18.[B]19.[C]20.[A]21.[D]22.[B]23.[B]24.[A]25.[A]Reading comprehensionSection A26.[E]challenges27.[J]searched28.[D]categorizing29.[K]similarities30.[L]slightly31.[G]percentage32.[O]traditional33.[I]regardless34.[H]proving35.[M]suggestsSection B36.[I]37.[D]38.[J]39.[F]40.[B]41.[H]42.[C]43.[K]44.[G]45.[E]Section C●Passage146.[B]He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.47.[C]It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.48.[D]They can have some say in how much their servers earn.49.[A]Services quality has little effect on tip size.50.[D]Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.●Passage251.[C]The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.52.[D]Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities.53.[C]They use their money reserves to back up consumption.54.[B]Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.55.[C]Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.Translation参考译文：The color of red in Chinese culture usually means good luck,longevity and happiness.Red can be found everywhere during Chinese Spring Festival and other joyous occasions.Cashes often in red envelopes are sent to family members or close friends as gifts.Its popularity can also be attributed the fact that people accociate it with Chinese revolution and Communist Party. However,it does not always equal to good luck and joy in that the name of the dead used to be written in ing red ink to write names of Chinese people were seen as an offense.。
精品2016年12月大学英语四级模拟预测卷及答案(1)
2016年12月大学英语四级模拟预测卷及答案（1）Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Acculturation, which begins at birth, is the process of teaching new generations of children the customs and values of the parents' culture. How people treat newborns, for example, can be indicative of cultural values. In the United States it is not uncommon for parents to put a newborn in a separate room that belongs only to the child. This helps to preserve parents' privacy and allows the child to get used to having his or her own room, which is seen as a first step toward personal independence. Americanstraditionally have held independence and a closely related value, individualism, in high esteem. Parents try to instill these prevailing values in their children. American English expresses these value preferences: children should "cut the (umbilical) cord" and are encouraged not to be "tied to their mothers' apron strings." In the process of their socialization children learn to "look out for number one" and to "stand on their own two feet".Many children are taught at a very early age to make decisions and be responsible for their actions. Often children work for money outside the home as a first step to establishing autonomy. Nine-or ten-year-old children may deliver newspapers in their neighborhoods and save or spend their earnings. Teenagers (13 to 18 years) may baby-sit neighbors' homes in order to earn a few dollar a week. Receiving a weekly allowance at an early age teaches children to budget their money, preparing them for futurefinancial independence. Many parents believe that managing money helps children learn responsibility as well as appreciate the value of money.21. According to this passage, the way peopletreat newborns _____.A) is a sign of their customsB) is an indication of their level of knowledgeC) symbolizes their social systemD) varies from culture to culture22. The expression, "to cut the cord", is used to show that _____.A) children don't like their parentsB) parents don't feel close to their childrenC) parents would not like to live together with their childrenD) independence from one's family is an important personal goal in USA23. Children who are "tied to the apron strings" _____.A) are caught in their mothers' apronsB) must always wear an apron when they eatC) are very dependent on their mothersD) are independent from their parents24. American people often let their children work for money outside the home at a very early age because _____.A) children have to earn money to help the familyB) they need more moneyC) they want them to begin establishing autonomyD) children have to save money for future use25. It can be inferred from this passage that_____.A) Americans are money loversB) Americans admire independenceC) Americans are good at decision-makingD) Americans are all responsiblePassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Many people believe that the glare from snow causes snowblindness. Yet, dark glasses or not, they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snowblindness, when exposed to several hours of "snow light".The United States Army has now determined that glare from snow does not cause snowblindness in troops in a snow-covered country. Rather, a man's eyes frequently find nothing to focus on in a broad expanse of barren snow-covered terrain. So his gazecontinually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at. Finding nothing, hour after hour, the eyes never stop searching and the eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache. Nature offsets this irritation by producing more and more fluid which covers the eyeballs. The fluid covers the eyeball in increasing quantity until vision blurs, then is obscured, and the result is total, even though temporary, snowblindness.Experiments led to the Army to a simple method of overcoming this problem. Scouts ahead of a main bodyof troops are trained to shake snow from evergreen bushes, creating a dotted line as they crosscompletely snow-covered landscape. Even the scouts themselves throw lightweight, dark colored objects ahead on which they too can focus. The men following can then see something. Their gaze is arrested. Their eyes focus on a bush and having found something to see, stop scouring the snow-blanketed landscape. Byfocusing their attention on one object at a time, the men can cross the snow without becoming hopelessly snowblind or lost. In this way the problem of crossing a solid white terrain is overcome.26. To prevent headache, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow, dark glasses are _____.A) indispensableB) usefulC) ineffectiveD) available27. When the eyes are sore tears are produced to _____.A) clear the visionB) remedy snowblindnessC) ease the irritationD) loosen the muscles28. Snowblindness may be avoided by _____.A) concentrating on the solid white terrainB) searching for something to look at in snow-covered terrainC) providing the eyes with something to focus onD) covering the eyeballs with fluid29. The eyeballs become sore and the eye muscles ache because _____.A) tears cover the eyeballsB) the eyes are irritated by blinding sunlightC) the eyes are irritated by blinding snowD) there is nothing to focus on30. A suitable title for the passage would be_____.A) Snowblindness and How to Overcome ItB) Nature's Cure for SnowblindnessC) Soldiers in the SnowD) Snow VisionPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U.S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems-both legal and educational-for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.Estimates of the number of homeless Americansrange from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis. But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly.One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the "throwaway" youths who have been cast off their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York Cityestimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets.Federal law, the Stewart McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children havethe right to a free, appropriate education.31. In 1987, the American homeless population was made up of _____.A) older males B) school childrenC) adults D) both A and B32. The author implies in the first paragraph that _____.A) the homeless population is growing rapidlyB) there is serious shortage of school administrators and teachersC) homeless children often move from place to placeD) homeless children usually stay outside schools33. The National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are _____ homeless children.A) 7000,000 B) 350,000C) 440,000 D) 70,00034. One part of the homeless population isdifficult to count. The reason might be that _____.A) homeless children live on the streetsB) homeless children have no parentsC) the homeless are too young to be counted as childrenD) the homeless children are not taken as members of their families35. The aim of the McKinney Act is to _____.A) offer education for homeless childrenB) provide family shelters for homeless childrenC) reduce the number of homeless childrenD) estimate the number of homeless populationPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. Whenyou come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe(衣柜) packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way, waste hours of their time altering the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or shortened; necklines are lowered or raised, and so on.No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and durability(耐用). They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advantage of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who hasn't at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day, or delicately picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchangingstyles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.36. Designers and big stores always make money .A) by mercilessly exploiting women workers in the clothing industryB) because they are capable of predicting new fashionsC) by constantly changing the fashions in women's clothingD) because they attach great importance to quality in women's clothing37. To the writer, the fact that women alter their old-fashioned dresses is seen as .A) a waste of money B) a waste of timeC) an expression of taste D) an expression of creativity38. The writer would be less critical if fashion designers placed more stress on the of clothing.A) cost B) appearanceC) comfort D) suitability39. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?A) New fashions in clothing are created for the commercial exploitation of women.B) The constant changes in women's clothingreflect their strength of character.C) The fashion industry makes an important contribution to society.D) Fashion designs should not be encouraged since they are only welcomed by women.40. By saying "the conclusions to be drawn are obvious" (Lines 1-2, Para. 4) the writer means that .A) women's inconstancy in their choice of clothing is often laughed atB) women are better able to put up with discomfortC) men are also exploited greatly by fashion designersD) men are more stable and reliable in characterPart III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41. They went to make her feel at home.A) out B) aboutC) out of their way D) their way42. Many species of animals which once lived on the earth are no longer in .A) evidence B) effectC) essence D) existence43.China's first automatic four-color glass printer was by a worker-technician.A) discovered B) recognizedC) invented D) revealed44. When we found out that the village was short of hands for the building of the reservoir, we all went there to .A) help out B) lend our handsC) give our hands D) their rescue45. his accent, he must be from the south.A) Concerned B) DeterminedC) Judging by D) Decided by46. This middle school is attached a normal college.A) for B) by C) to D) in47. After a while he to inform me of the progress of the work.A) set off B) beginningC) began with D) proceeded48. The peasants supply the workers with food, and the workers supply the peasants with manufactured goods.A) at turn B) on turnC) in turn D) by turns49. He felt uneasy at the of his mother's illness.A) risk B) costC) thought D) point50. Peasants over 80 percent of the Chinese population.A) make B) consistC) are composed D) constitute51. The reactionary policemen broke and arrested many progressive students.A) out B) into C) in D) off52. As far as the quality of tones is concerned, this radio-set is quite .A) up to the standard B) up to no goodC) in demand D) well up in53. The mass of an object is multiplied by the speed of light squared; other words, the speed oflight is multiplied by itself.A) by B) for C) in D) with54. People do not like such persons who are always the way of others.A) on B) by C) in D) get into55. In Japan men usually have to when they reach the age of 55.A) abandon B) dismiss C) retire D) resign56. Your father likes to play golf; he's really enthusiastic it.A) by B) about C) with D) on57. I ran Alice, who was on her way to see how I was getting along.A) up B) out C) over D) into58. He felt quite when he stayed with us.A) pleasantly B) anxiously C) at ease D) easily59. In less than a year, he came to terms his life and work there.A) to B) with C) in D)for60. I a girl in Hawaii; we write to each other once a month.A) communicate by B) drop a lineC) correspond to D) correspond with61. He longed to visit Beijing, he dreamed about it.A) much so that B) so much so muchC) much so much that D) so much so that62. We should read the daily press to keep current events.A) under B) track ofC) faith with D) count of63. All the people in this village have black hair. They all each other.A) resemble as B) resemble withC) resemble D) resemble from64. It's unfortunate that our director simply sat our suggestions and did nothing about it.A) out B) in C) on D) over65. The noise was terrible, but I had to live it.A) with B) through C) down D) on66. As soon as World War II ended, Einstein urged that atomic energy put to peaceful uses.A) is B) would be C) was to D) be67. I spoke to the child kindly him.A) as not frighten B) so as not to frightenC) for not frightening D) in order to not frighten68. , she ran out of the room..A) Having tears in her eyes and turned suddenlyB) With a sudden turn, tearful eyesC) Turning suddenly, with tears in her eyesD) With tears in her eyes and suddenly turning69. We were overjoyed at the news of China her own manmade satellite.A) to have launched B) to launchC) launched D) having launched70. enter university one day, I would work very hard.A) Would I ever B) Ever would IC) Ever should I D) should I everPart IV Translation (15 minutes)Directions: Translate the five sentences from the four reading passages into Chinese.71. How people treat newborns, for example, can be indicative of cultural values.72. Often children work for money outside the home as a first step to establishing autonomy.73. So his gaze continually shifts and jumps back and forth over the entire landscape in search of something to look at.74. Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million.75. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn.Part V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic "HonestyIs the Best Policy ". You should write at least 100 words and base your composition on the outlines given below.1. My understanding of the proverb "Honest Is the Best Policy" (诚实为上策).2. The results of dishonesty.3. My conclusion.Honesty Is the Best Policy答案21. ADCCB 26. CCCDA 31. DBCDA 36. CBCAD41. CDCAC 46. CDCCD 51. CACCC 56. BDCBD 61. DBCCA 66. DBCDD71. 比如说，人们如何对待新生儿可以显示出文化价值观来。
2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案
2016 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)( 请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试 )Directions:For this part,you are allowed30 minutes to write an essay.Suppose you have two options upon graduation:one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school.You are to make a choice between the two.Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but nomore than 180 words.Much controversy has been aroused about whether the students should find a job or start their own business after graduation.Taking a look around,we can find that some graduates bustle around job markets,while others choose to run a shop on TMall. However, I prefer the former choice.From my perspective, there are good reasons to find a job in the first severalyears after their graduation.First and foremost, if a graduate intends to accumulate working experience and learn from the seniors, it is advisable for him to find ajob. It is an undeniable fact that the theoretical knowledge will provide thegraduates with the ability to consider things comprehensively,however,only under the integration with practice can the rigid knowledge be useful for their futuredevelopment. Inevitably, doing something small is the premise of undertakingsomething great. Take Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba and taobao, for example. Healso finds some jobs before establishing his own career,laying a solid foundation for his later success.Consequently,it is of great necessity to find a job after graduation.I firmly believe that it will continue to bring about more returns to our life and future.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) It was going to be renovated.B) He could no longer pay the rent.C) It was dangerous to live in.D) He had sold it to the royal family.【答案】 C2.A) A storm.B) A strike.C) A forest fire.D) A terrorist attack.【答案】 AQuestions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) They lost contact with the emergency department.B)They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.C)They sent calls for help via a portable radio.D)They were trapped in an underground elevator.【答案】 D4.A) They provided the miners with food and water.B)They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.C)They released the details of the accident.D)They tried hard to repair the elevator.【答案】 BQuestions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) Raise postage rates.B) Improve its services.C)Close some of its post offices.D)Redesign delivery routes.【答案】 C6.A) Closing offices on holidays.B)Shortening business hours.C)Computerizing mail sorting processes.D)Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.【答案】 D7.A) A lot of controversy will arise.B)Taxpayers will be very pleased.C)Many people will begin to complain.D)Many post office staff will lose their jobs.【答案】 DSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B)y C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) He will lose part of his pay.B)He will go through retraining.C)He will be given a warning.D)He will be kept from promotion.【答案】 A9.A) He is an experienced press operator.B)He is a trustworthy guy.C)He is always on time.D)He is on good terms with his workmates.【答案】 B10.A) She is a trade union representative.B)She is a senior manager of the shop.C)She is better at handling such matters.D)She is in charge of public relations.【答案】 C11.A) He is always trying to stir up trouble.B)He is skilled and experienced.C)He is very close to the manager.D)He is always complaining about low wages.【答案】 AQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) Open.B)Reserved.C)Selfish.D)Friendly.【答案】 B13.A) They read a book.B)They talk about the weather.C)They stay quiet.D)They chat with fellow passengers.【答案】 C14.A) She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.B) She was never invited to a colleague’ s home.C)She was eager to visit an English castle.D)She was always treated as a foreigner.【答案】 B15.A) Houses are much more quiet.B)They want to have more space.C)They want a garden of their own.D)Houses provide more privacy.【答案】 DSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of eachpassage, you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) They will automatically be given hiring priority.B)They don ’ t have to go through job interviews.C)They are likely to get much higher pay.D)They don ’ t have much choice of jobs.【答案】 A17.A) Visit the school careers service.B)Ask their professors for help.C)Look at school bulletin boards.D)Go through campus newspapers.【答案】 A18.A) Providing students with information about the library.B)Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.C)Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.D)Helping students find the books and journals they need.【答案】 CQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) It tastes better.B)It may be sold at a higher price.C)It is easier to grow.D)It can better survive extreme weathers.【答案】 B20. A) It can grow in drier soil.B)It is immune to various diseases.C)It will replace green tea one day.D)It is healthier than green tea.【答案】 D21. A) It does not have a stable market.B) It has made tea farmers’ life easier.C)It does not bring the promised health benefits.D)It has been well received by many tea drinkers.【答案】 AQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) They care more about environment.B)They decorate their homes themselves.C)They prefer unique objects of high quality.D)They need decorations to show their status.【答案】 C23.A) They made great contributions to society.B) They could only try to create at night.C)They were proud of their creations.D)They focused on the quality of their products.【答案】 B24.A) Identify fake crafts.B)Make wise choices.C)To arouse public interest in crafts.D)To boost the local economy.【答案】 B25.A) To attract foreign investments.B)To preserve the traditional culture.C)Design handicrafts themselves.D)Learn the importance of creation.【答案】 DPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letterfor each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may notuse any of the words in the bank more than once.Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are“ male” and “female” brains,believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes. A new study __26__ that belief, questioning whether brains really canbe distinguished by gender.In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers __27__ for sex differencesthroughout the entire human brain.27._____A)abnormalB)appliedC)brieflyD)categorizingE)challengesF)figureG)percentageH)provingI)regardlessJ)searchedK)similaritiesL)slightlyM)suggestsN)tastesO)traditionalAnd what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for __28__ brains as “ male” or“ female,” research shows that b rains fall into a wide range, with most people falling right in the middle.28._____A) abnormalB) appliedC) brieflyD) categorizingE) challengesF) figureG) percentageH) provingI) regardlessJ) searchedK) similaritiesL) slightlyM) suggestsN) tastesO) traditionalDaphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there aresome gender-based—__29__ , many different types of brain can’ t always be distinguished by gender.29._____A) abnormalB) appliedC) brieflyD) categorizingE) challengesF) figureG) percentageH)provingI)regardlessJ)searchedK)similaritiesL)slightlyM)suggestsN)tastesO)traditionalWhile the “average ” male and “ average ” female brains were __30__ different, you couldn ’ t tell it by looking at individual brain scans. Only a small __31__ ofpeople had“ all-male” or“ all-female” characteristics.30._____31._____A)abnormalB)appliedC)brieflyD)categorizingE)challengesF)figureG)percentageH)provingI)regardlessJ)searchedK)similaritiesL)slightlyM)suggestsN)tastesO)traditionalLarry Cahill, an American neuroscientist (神经科学家), said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questioning __32__ beliefs aboutgender and brain function.But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same, __33__ of gender.32._____33._____A)abnormalB)appliedC)brieflyD)categorizingE)challengesF)figureG)percentageH)provingI)regardlessJ)searchedK)similaritiesL)slightlyM)suggestsN)tastesO)traditional“There’ s a mountain of evidence __34__ the importance of sex influences at alllevels of brain function, M he told The Seattle Times.34._____A) abnormalB)appliedC)brieflyD)categorizingE)challengesF)figureG)percentageH)provingI)regardlessJ)searchedK)similaritiesL)slightlyM)suggestsN)tastesO)traditionalIf anything, he said, the study __35__ that gender plays a very important role in the brain—“ even when we are not clear exactly how.”35._____A)abnormalB)appliedC)brieflyD)categorizingE)challengesF)figureG)percentageH)provingI)regardlessJ)searchedK)similaritiesL)slightlyM)suggestsN)tastesO)traditionalSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose aparagraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer thequestions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?A)Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isn't surprising that you ’ll find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.B)The most likely type of burglary(入室盗窃 )by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. Accordingto the FBI, crimes like these accounted for roughly two-thirds of all householdburglaries in the US in 2013. The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforcedentries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds ofcriminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that theFBI doesn ’ t even track those statistics.C)One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups,the fear is that a burglar(入室盗贼 )might be able to shut your system down simplyby cutting the right cable.With a wireless setup,you stick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If theydetect something wrong while the system is armed, they ’ ll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm.That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns —but what about their wireless equivalent,jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency,what ’ s to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?D)Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they ’ re not unique to security systems. Any device that ’ s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequency canbe overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency.For comparison, let ’ s say you wanted to“ jam ” a conversation between two people — all you’ d need to do is yell in the listener’ s ear.E)Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on—that means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimalGoogling. They will,however,need to know what system they ’ re looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that’ d point them in theright direction, though at that point, we’ re talking about a highly targeted,semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort of forced-entry attack that makes upthe majority of burglaries.It’ s easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.F)Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threatof jamming attacks.SimpliSafe,winner of our Editors ’ Choice distinction,utilizesa special system that’ s capable of separating incidental RF interference fromtargeted jamming attacks.When the system thinks it’ s being jammed, it ’ ll notify you via push alert( 推送警报 ).From there,it’s up to you to sound the alarm manually.G)SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete witha video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After taking appropriate measure to contain the RF interference to ourtest lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that itis possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafe’s anti-jamming system works. It caught us in the act,sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system ’ s event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not itdetected them.H)We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldn ’t be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around itEven if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and thatit varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldn ’ t be a universal magic formula for cracking it Other systems also seem confident on the subject ofjamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citingtheir own jam protection software and claiming that there aren’ t any documented cases of a successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.I)Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the rightequipment and the right know-how,it’ s possible to jam any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your homeand steal your stuff?J)Let ’ s imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need totarget your home, specifically. Then, he’s going to need to know the technicaldetails of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and while you'reaway, so the thief will still need to break in.That means defeating the lock somehow,or breaking a window. He’ ll or opened door would normally need to be jamming you at thisrelease the alarm. So, too,point, as a broken windowwould the motion detectorsin your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he’s inside and searching for things to steal. However, he’ll need to do so without tripping theanti-jamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does not have access to.K) At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries.They’re also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like soundlocks and proper exterior lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and nonecan promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them hasvulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A goodsystem is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible whilealso offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.36.It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessaryequipment and skill.【答案】 I37.Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering witha conversation.【答案】 D38.A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device toavoid triggering the alarm, both inside and outside the house.【答案】 J39.SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radiointerference from targeted jamming attacks.【答案】 F40.Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.【答案】 B41.It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.【答案】 H42.Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm oncesomething wrong is detected.【答案】 C43.Different measures should be taken to protect one’ s home from burglary in addition to the wireless security system.【答案】 K44.SimpliSafe’ s device can send a warning to the house owner’s cellphone.【答案】 G45.Burglars can easily get a security device ’s frequency by Internet search.【答案】 ESection CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed bysome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B) , C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As a person who writes about food and drink for a living, I couldn ’ t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. ButI can tell you that I like this guy. That ’ s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.I hate tipping.I hate it because it’ s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it forthe post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly,I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply leftup to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggestsotherwise.You actually love tipping!You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistentlyview restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough:the service is better when waiters depend on tips,presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this weretrue,we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips whenthey do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers ofhumanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said theydidn ’ t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay alittle more up-front for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’ s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’ t ask you to do drunken math.46.What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?A)He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.B)He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.C)He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.D)He lives comfortably without getting any tips.【答案】 B47.What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?A)It sets a bad example for other industries.B)It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.C)It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.D)It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.【答案】 C48.Why do many people love tipping according to the author?A)They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.B)They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.C)They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.D)They can have some say in how much their servers earn.【答案】 D49.What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?A)Service quality has little effect on tip size.B)It is in human nature to try to save on tips.C)Tips make it more difficult to please customers.D)Tips benefit the boss rather than the employees.【答案】 A50.What does the author argue for in the passage?A)Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.B)Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.C)Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.D)Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.【答案】 DPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they ’ re paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other things,which stimulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China,Japan, and India. But doesn’ t the extra money in the pockets of those countries,consumers mean an equal loss in oil-producing countries,cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily,says economic researcher Sara Johnson.“Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw ontheir reserves to support government spending and subsidies (补贴 )for their consumers. ”But not all oil producers have big reserves. In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil pricesare overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharpdecline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil- producing nationscan’ t afford to import as much as they used to.Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oilprices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the prices drop accountfor a larger share of the global economy.Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they’re getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is stillfresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming theirgasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers isnot as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.51.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A)The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B)Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C)The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.D)The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.【答案】 C52.Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?A)Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B)Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C)Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.D)Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities.【答案】 D53.What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?A)They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B)They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C)They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D)They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.【答案】 C54.How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?A)It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B)Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C)It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.D)Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.【答案】 B55.Why haven’t falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?A)People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B)The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.C)Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D)People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.【答案】 APart IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passagefrom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福。
精品2016年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案(19)
2016年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案(19)Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Every year 100 million holiday―makers are drawn to the Mediterranean.With onethird of the world's tourist trade, it is the most popular of all the holiday destinations; it is also the most polluted.It has only 1 per cent of the world's sea surface, but carries more than half the oil and tar floating on the waters. Thousands of factories pour their poison into the Mediterranean, and almost every city, townand village on the coast sends its sewage, untreated, into the sea.The result is that the Mediterranean, which nurtured so many civilizations, is gravely ill―the first of the seas to fall victim to the abilities and attitudes that evolved around it. And the pollution does not merely keep back life of the sea―it threatens the people who inhabit and visit its shores.The mournful form of disease is caused by sewage. Eightyfive per centof the waste from the Mediterranean's 120 coastal cities is pushed out into the waters where their people and visitors bathe and fish. What is more, most cities just drop it in straight off the beach; rare indeed are the placeslike Cannes and Tel Aviv which pipe it even half a mile offshore.Not surprisingly, vast areas of the shallows are awash with bacteria and it doesn't take long for these to reach people. Professor William Brumfitt of the Royal Free Hospital once calculated that anyone who goes for a swim in the Mediterranean has a one in seven chance of getting some sort of disease. Other scientists say this is an overestimate; but almost all of them agree that bathers are at risk.Industry adds its own poisons. Factories cluster round the coastline, and even the most modern rarely has proper wastetreatment plant. They do as much damage to the sea as sewage.But the good news is that the countries of the Mediterranean have been coming together to work out how to save their common sea.21. The causes of the Mediterranean's pollution is ____.A) the oil and tar floating on the waterB) many factories put their poison into the seaC) untreated sewage from the factories and coastal citiesD) there are some sorts of diseases in the sea22. Which of following consequence of a polluted sea is not true according to the passage?A) Bring up so many civilizations.B) Various diseases in the sea.C) It threatens the inhabitants and travelers.D) One in seven chance of getting some sort of disease swimming in the sea.23. The word “sewage”refer to ____.A) poisonC) liquid materialB) wasteD) solid material24. Why does industry do much damage to the sea?A) Because most factories have proper wastetreatment plants.B) Because many factories have not proper wastetreatment plants even the most modern one.C) Because just the modern factory has a waste treatment plant.D) Because neither ordinary factories nor most modern ones have proper wastetreatment plants.25. What is the passage mainly about?A) Save the world.B) How the people live in the Mediterranean sea.C) How the industry dangers the sea.D) Beware the dirty sea.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:THE CLASSROOM is a man's world, where boys get twothirds of the teachers' attention ― even when they are in a minority― taunt (辱骂) the girls without punishment, and receive praise for sloppy work that would not be tolerated from girls. They are accustomed to being teachers' pets, and if girls get anything like equal treatment, they will protest eagerly and even wreck lessons.These claims are made in a book out this week, written by Dale Spender, a lecturer at the London University Institute of Education. She argues that discrimination against girls is so deeply in coeducational schools that single sex classes are the only answer.Her case is based on taperecordings of her own and other teachers' lessons. Many of them, like Spender, had deliberately set out to give girls a fair chance. “Sometimes,” says Spender, “I have even thought I have gone too far and have spent more time with the girls than the boys.”The tapes proved otherwise. In 10 taped lessons (in secondary school and college), Spender never gave the girls more than 42 per cent of her attention (the average was 38 percent) and never gave the boys less than 58 percent. There were similar results for other teachers, both male and female.In other words, when teachers give girls more than a third of their time, they feel that they are cheating the boys of their rightful share. And so do the boys themselves. “She always asks the girls all the questions,” said one boy in a classroom where 34 per cent of the teachers' time was allocated to girls. “She doesn't like boy s, and just listens to the girls.” said a boy in another class, where his sex got 63 per cent of teacher attention.Boys regarded twothirds of the teacher's time as a fair deal ― and when they got less they caused trouble in class and even complained to higher authority. “It's important to keep their attention,” said one teacher, “Otherwise,they play you up something awful.”Spender concludes that, in mixed classes, if the girls are as boisterous and pushy as the boys, they are considered “unladylike”, if they are docile and quiet, they are ignored.26. If boys are better treated in class, ____ would be better.A) singlesex classes and coeducational classesB) coeducational classesC) singlesex classesD) None of the above27. Dale Spender obtained the evidence for her claims by ____.A) her own lessons in secondary school and collegeB) the other teachers' taperecordingsC) both male and female teachersD) taperecordings of her own and other teachers' lessons28. What are the boy's reactions when girls are given more attention?A) They will keep the teachers' attention again.B) They will make some trouble and complain to the headmaster.C) They will play up the teacher something awful.D) They will feel they are cheated by teachers.29. The word “boisterous” in the last paragraph probably means ____.A) rough B) braveC)troublesome D) emotional30. The best title for this passage would be ____.A) boys are teachers' petsB) boys do better in coeducational classesC) singlesex classes are better than coeduationed classesD) girls do better than boys答案Part Ⅱ1短文大意本文讲的是地中海的污染原因及结果。
2016年12月大学英语四级真题及完整答案(共两卷)(20200629082958)
2016年 12月大学英语四级真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose youhave two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other togo to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay toexplain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no morethan 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each newsreport, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions willbe spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1and 2 are based on the news report you have just the heard.C) A forest fire. D) A Terrorist attack.Questions 3and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) They lost contact with the emergency department.B) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.C) They sent calls for help via a portable radio.D) They were trapped in an underground elevator.4. A) They provided the miner with food and water.1. A) It was going to be renovated.B) He could no longer pay the rent.C) It was dangerous to live in. D) He had sold it to the royal family.2. A) A storm.B) A strike.B) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.C) They released the details of the accident.D) They tried hard to repair the accident.Question5 to7 are based on the news report you have just hea . rdC) Close some of its post offices. D) Redesign delivery routes.C) Computerizing mail sorting processes. D) Stopping maildelivery on Saturdays.7. A )A lot of controversy will ariseB) Taxpayers will be very pleasedC) Many people will begin to complainD) Many post office staff will lose their jobsSection BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of eachconversation,you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from four choice marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter an Answer sheet1with a single line though the centre.Question8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A)He will lose part of his pay. C)He will be given a warning.B) He will go through retraining. D)He is go good terms with his workmates.9. A)He is an experienced press operator. C)He is always on time.B) He is trustworthy guy. D )He is go good terms with hisworkmates.10. A)She is a trade union representative. C)She is better at handing such matters.B) She is a senior manager of the shop. D)She is in charge of public relation.11. A)He is always trying to stir up trouble.B) He is skilled and experienced.C) He is very close to the manager.D) He is always complaining about low wages.Question12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) Raise postage rates.B) Improve its services. 6. A) Closing offices on holidays. B) Shortening business hours. 12. A)Open. B)Reserved. C)Selfish. D)Friendly.13. A)They read a book. C)They stay quiet.B) They talk about the weather D)They chat with fellow passengers.14. A)She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.B) She was never invited to a colleague ' s home.C) She was eager to visit an English castle.D) She was always treated as a foreigner.15. A) House are much more quiet. C) They want a garden of their own.B) They want to have more space. D) Houses provide more privacy.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They will automatically be given hiring priority.B) They don ' t have to go through job interviews.C) They are likely to get much higher pay.D) They don ' t have much choice of jobs.17. A) Visit the school careers services. C) Look at school bulletin boards.B) Ask their professors for help. D) Go through campus newspapers.18. A) Providing students with information about the library.B) Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.C) Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.D) Helping students find the books and journals they need.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It tastes better. C) It is easier to grow.B) It may be sold at a higher price. D) It can better survive extreme weathers.20. A) It can grow in drier soil. C) It will replace green tea one day.B) It is immune to various diseases. D) It is healthier than green tea.21. A) It does not have a stable market.B) It has made tea farmers ' life easier.C) It does not bring the promised health benefits.D) It has been well received by many tea drinkers.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) They care more about environment.B) They decorate their homes themselves.C) They prefer unique objects of high quality.D) They need decorations to show their status.23. A) They made great contributions to society.B) They could only try to create at night.C) They were proud of their creations.D) They focused on the quality of their products.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Many men and women have long bought into the idea thatthere are “ male ” and“ female ” brains, believing that explains just about every differebnectweeen the sexes. A new stud (y 26)that belief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers (27)for sex differences the entire human brain.And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidenee for( 28) brains as“ male ” or “ female, ” research shows that brains fall in to a wide ran ge, with most people falli ng right in the middle.Daph na Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there aresome gender-base (29) , many different types of brain can' t always be distinguishedby gen der.While the “average ” male and “average ” female bfOiO S wefi e rent, you could n ' t tell it bydxk 24. A) Identify fake crafts.B) Make wise choices.25. A) To attract foreign investments.B) To preserve the traditional culture.C) Design handicrafts themselves. D) Learn the importance of creation. C) To arouse public interest in crafts. D) To boost the local economy.ing at in dividual brain sca ns. Only a small (31) of people had“ a-male” or -feallale ” characteristics.Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist (神经科学家),said the study is animporta nt additi on to a grow ing body of research questi oning( 32) beliefs about gen der and brain fun cti on. But he cauti oned aga in st con clud ing from this study that all brains are the same,( 33) of gender.“ There' s a moun tai n of evide((34) the importa nee of sex in flue nces at alllevels of brain fun ctio n, ” he told The Seattle Times.If anything, he said, the stud(35) that gender plays a very important role in the brain “ eve n whe n we are not clear exactly how. ”Directi ons: In this secti on, you are going to read a passage with ten stateme nts attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more tha n on ce. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. An swer the questi ons by marki ng the corresp onding letter on Answer Sheet 2Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?[A] Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isn' t surprising that you ' ll find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.[B] T he most likely type of burglary （入室盗窃） by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these accounted roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in 2013.The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds of a criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesn' t even track those statistics.[C] One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar （入室盗贼） might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they ' ll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns—but what about their wireless equivalent, jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what ' s to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?[D] Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they 'nirqeuneottousecuritysystems. Any device that ' s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequencycan be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, let ' s say you wanted to “jam” a conversation betweeanll two people —you'd need to do is yell in the listener ' s ear.[E] Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast o—nthat means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need so know what system they ' re looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that ' d point them in the right direction,though at that point, we ' re talking about a highly targe-steodp,hsisetmicai ted attack,and not the sort forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. It ' seasier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.[F] Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks.SimpliSafe,winner of our Editor ' s Choice distinction, utilizes aspecial system that ' s capable of separating incidental RF interference from targetedjamming attacks. When the system thinks it ' s being jammed, it ' ll notify you via push alert（推送警报）.From there, it tOyo u pto sound the alarm manu ally.[G] SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete witha video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After taking appropriate measures to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that it possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafe 's anti-jamming system works. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system 's event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not in detected them.[H] We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldn 't be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around it. Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldn a universal 't be magic formula for cracking it. Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citing theirown jam protection software and claiming that there aren ' tc a sneysd o fcumented successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.[I] Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipment and the right know-how, it 's possible to jam any wireless mtraisnssion. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?[J] Let 's imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup thatoffers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically. Then, he 's going to need to know the technical details of yoursystem and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and wheil you 're away. So the thief will still need to break in. That means defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window. He 'll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken window or openeddoor would normally release the alarm. So, too, would the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he ' s inside and searching for things to steal. However, he ' ll need to do so without trippin-jgamthme ianngtisystem,the details of which he almost certainly does now have access to.[K] A t the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. They 're also only a single layer in what should ideally be -asimdeadny approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.36. It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipment and skill.37. Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering with a conversation.38. A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoid triggeringthe alarm, both inside and outside the house.39. SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radio interference from targetedjamming attacks.40. Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.41. It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.42. Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once something wrong isdetected.43. Different measures should be taken to protect one ' s home from burglary inaddition to the wireless security system.44. SimpliSafe ' s device can send a warning to the house owner ' s cellphone.45. Burglars can easily get a security device ' s frequency by Internet search.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA) ,B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As a person who writes about food and drink for a living. I couldn first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell servers an actual living wage.I hate tipping.I hate it because it ' s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for thepost-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn' t believthey did had any impact on the tips they received.So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more upfront for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry' s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn ' t ask you to do drunken math. 46. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?A) He runs a pub that serves excellent beer. t tell you theyou that I like this guy. That use 'B) He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.47. What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?A) It sets a bad example for other industries.B) It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.C) It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.48. Why do many people love tipping according to the author?A) They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.B) They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.C) They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.D) They can have some say in how much their servers earn.49. What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?A) Service quality has little effect on tip size.B) It is in human mature to try to save on tips.C) Tips make it more difficult to please customers.D) Tips benefit the boss rather that the employees.50. What does the author argue for in the passage?A) Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.B) Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.C) Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.D) Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers. Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when thye' re paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and India, But doesn 't the extra money in the pockets of those cocuo n tsriuems ers 'mean an equal loss in oil producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily, says economic researcher Sara Johnson. “ Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support gover nment spe nding and subsidies 占)for their con sumers. ”But not all oil producers have big reserves, In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oilp-roducing nations can 't afford toimport as much as they used to.Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy.Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasolinesubsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.51. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A) The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B) Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C) The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.D) The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.52. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?A) Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B) Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C) Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.D) Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other commodities.53. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?A) They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B) They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C) They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D) They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.54. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?A) It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B) Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C) It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.D) Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.55. Why haven ' t falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?A) People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B) The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.C) Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D) People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30minutes to transtate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。
2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案
2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but nomore than 180 words.Much controversy has been aroused about whether the students should find a job or start their own business after graduation. Taking a look around, we can find that some graduates bustle around job markets, while others choose to run a shop on TMall. However, I prefer the former choice.From my perspective, there are good reasons to find a job in the first severalyears after their graduation. First and foremost, if a graduate intends to accumulate working experience and learn from the seniors, it is advisable for him to find ajob. It is an undeniable fact that the theoretical knowledge will provide thegraduates with the ability to consider things comprehensively, however, only under the integration with practice can the rigid knowledge be useful for their futuredevelopment. Inevitably, doing something small is the premise of undertakingsomething great. Take Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba and taobao, for example. Healso finds some jobs before establishing his own career, laying a solid foundation for his later success.Consequently, it is of great necessity to find a job after graduation. I firmly believe that it will continue to bring about more returns to our life and future.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section A- Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end ofeach news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report andthe questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choosethe best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) It was going to be renovated.B) He could no longer pay the rent.C) It was dangerous to live in.D) He had sold it to the royal family.【答案】C2. A) A storm.B) A strike.C) A forest fire.D) A terrorist attack.【答案】AQuestions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) They lost contact with the emergency department.B) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.C) They sent calls for help via a portable radio.D) They were trapped in an underground elevator.【答案】D4.A) They provided the miners with food and water.B) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.C) They released the details of the accident.D) They tried hard to repair the elevator.【答案】BQuestions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) Raise postage rates.-C) Close some of its post offices.D) Redesign delivery routes.【答案】C6.A) Closing offices on holidays.B) Shortening business hours.C) Computerizing mail sorting processes.D) Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.【答案】D7.A) A lot of controversy will arise.B)Taxpayers will be very pleased.C) Many people will begin to complain.D) Many post office staff will lose their jobs.【答案】DSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the endof each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose thebest answer from the four choices marked A), B)y C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) He will lose part of his pay.B) He will go through retraining.C) He will be given a warning.D) He will be kept from promotion.【答案】A9.A) He is an experienced press operator.B) He is a trustworthy guy.C) He is always on time.D) He is on good terms with his workmates.-10.A) She is a trade union representative.B) She is a senior manager of the shop.C) She is better at handling such matters.D) She is in charge of public relations.【答案】C11.A) He is always trying to stir up trouble.B) He is skilled and experienced.C) He is very close to the manager.D) He is always complaining about low wages.【答案】AQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) Open.B) Reserved.C) Selfish.D) Friendly.【答案】B13.A) They read a book.B) They talk about the weather.C) They stay quiet.D) They chat with fellow passengers.【答案】C14.A) She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.B) She was never invited to a colleague’s home.C) She was eager to visit an English castle.D) She was always treated as a foreigner.【答案】B15.A) Houses are much more quiet.B) They want to have more space.C) They want a garden of their own.-【答案】DSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of eachpassage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) They will automatically be given hiring priority.B) They don’t have to go through job interviews.C) They are likely to get much higher pay.D) They don’t have much choice of jobs.【答案】A17.A) Visit the school careers service.B) Ask their professors for help.C) Look at school bulletin boards.D) Go through campus newspapers.【答案】A18. A) Providing students with information about the library.B)Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.C)Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.D)Helping students find the books and journals they need.【答案】CQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) It tastes better.B) It may be sold at a higher price.C) It is easier to grow.D) It can better survive extreme weathers.【答案】B-B) It is immune to various diseases.C) It will replace green tea one day.D) It is healthier than green tea.【答案】D21. A) It does not have a stable market.B) It has made tea farmers’ life easier.C) It does not bring the promised health benefits.D) It has been well received by many tea drinkers.【答案】AQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) They care more about environment.B)They decorate their homes themselves.C) They prefer unique objects of high quality.D) They need decorations to show their status.【答案】C23. A) They made great contributions to society.B) They could only try to create at night.C)They were proud of their creations.D)They focused on the quality of their products.【答案】B24.A) Identify fake crafts.B)Make wise choices.C)To arouse public interest in crafts.D)To boost the local economy.【答案】B25.A) To attract foreign investments.B)To preserve the traditional culture.C)Design handicrafts themselves.D)Learn the importance of creation.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Eachchoice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letterfor each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may notuse any of the words in the bank more than once.Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are “male” and “female” brains, believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes. A new study __26__ that belief, questioning whether brains really can bedistinguished by gender.In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers __27__ for sex differencesthroughout the entire human brain.27._____A) abnormalB) appliedC) brieflyD) categorizingE) challengesF) figureG) percentageH) provingI) regardlessJ) searchedK) similaritiesL) slightlyM) suggestsN) tastesAnd what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for __28__ brains as “male” or “female,” research shows that brains fall into a wide range, with most people falling right in the middle.28._____A) abnormalB) appliedC) brieflyD) categorizingE) challengesF) figureG) percentageH) provingI) regardlessJ) searchedK) similaritiesL) slightlyM) suggestsN) tastesO) traditionalDaphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there aresome gender-based —__29__ , many different types of brain can’t always be distinguished by gender.29._____A) abnormalB) appliedC) brieflyD) categorizingE) challengesF) figureH) provingI) regardlessJ) searchedK) similaritiesL) slightlyM) suggestsN) tastesO) traditionalWhile the “average” male and “average” female brains were __30__ different, you couldn’t tell it by looking at individual brain scans. Only a small __31__ ofpeople had “all-male” or “all-female” characteristics.30._____31._____A) abnormalB) appliedC) brieflyD) categorizingE) challengesF) figureG) percentageH) provingI) regardlessJ) searchedK) similaritiesL) slightlyM) suggestsN) tastesO) traditionalLarry Cahill, an American neuroscientist (神经科学家), said the study is an- gender and brain function. But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same, __33__ of gender.32._____33._____A) abnormalB) appliedC) brieflyD) categorizingE) challengesF) figureG) percentageH) provingI) regardlessJ) searchedK) similaritiesL) slightlyM) suggestsN) tastesO) traditional“There’s a mountain of evidence __34__ the importance of sex influences atall levels of brain function, M he told The Seattle Times.34._____A) abnormalB) appliedC) brieflyD) categorizingE) challengesF) figureG) percentageI) regardlessJ) searchedK) similaritiesL) slightlyM) suggestsN) tastesO) traditionalIf anything, he said, the study __35__ that gender plays a very important role in the brain—“even when we are not clear exactly how.”35._____A) abnormalB) appliedC) brieflyD) categorizingE) challengesF) figureG) percentageH) provingI) regardlessJ) searchedK) similaritiesL) slightlyM) suggestsN) tastesO) traditionalSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose aparagraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer thequestions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?A)Any product that promises to protect your home d eserves careful examination. So it isn't surprising that you’ll find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.B)The most likely type of burglary(入室盗窃)by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. Accordingto the FBI, crimes like these accounted for roughly two-thirds of all householdburglaries in the US in 2013. The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforcedentries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds ofcriminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that theFBI doesn’t even track those statistics.C)One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups,the fear is that a burglar(入室盗贼)might be able to shut your system down simplyby cutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If theydetect something wrong while the system is armed, they’ll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns—but what about their wireless equivalent, jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what’s to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?D)Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they’re not unique to security systems. Any device that’s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequency canbe overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, let’s say you wanted to “jam” a conversation between two people—all you’d need to do is yell in the listener’s ear.E)Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on—that means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimalGoogling. They will, however, need to know what system they’re looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that’d point them in theright direction, though at that point, we’re talking about a highly targeted,semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort of forced-entry attack that makes upthe majority of burglaries. It’s easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.F)Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks. SimpliSafe, winner of our Editors’ Choice distinction, utilizesa special system that’s capable of separating incidental RF interference fromtargeted jamming attacks. When the system thinks it’s being jammed, it’ll notify you via push alert (推送警报). From there, it’s up to you to sound the alarm manually.G)SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete witha video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After taking appropriate measure to contain the RF interference to ourtest lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that itis possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafe’s anti-jamming system works. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system’s event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not itdetected them.H) We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likelywouldn’t be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around itEven if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and thatit varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldn’t be a universal magic formula for cracking it Other systems also seem confident on the subject ofjamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citingtheir own jam protection software and claiming that there aren’t any documented cases of a successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.I)Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the rightequipment and the right know-how, it’s possible to jam any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your homeand steal your stuff?J) Let’s imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need totarget your home, specifically. Then, he’s going to need to know the technicaldetails of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and while you'reaway, so the thief will still need to break in. That means defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window. He’ll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm. So, too, would the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he’s inside and searching for things to steal. However, he’ll need to do so without tripping theanti-jamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does not have access to.K) At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. They’re also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like soundlocks and proper exterior lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and nonecan promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them hasvulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A goodsystem is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible whilealso offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.36.It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessaryequipment and skill.【答案】I37.Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering witha conversation.【答案】D38.A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoidtriggering the alarm, both inside and outside the house.【答案】J39.SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radiointerference from targeted jamming attacks.【答案】F40.Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.【答案】B41.It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.【答案】H42.Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm oncesomething wrong is detected.【答案】C43.Different measures should be taken to protect one’s home from burglary in addition to the wireless security system.【答案】K44.SimpliSafe’s device can send a warning to the house owner’s cellphone.【答案】G45.Burglars can easily get a security device’s frequency by Internet search.【答案】ESection CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed bysome questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B) , C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As a person who writes about food and drink for a living, I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. ButI can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.I hate tipping.I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it forthe post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply leftup to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggestsotherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistentlyview restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this weretrue, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips whenthey do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers ofhumanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said theydidn’t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay alittle more up-front for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken math.46.What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?A)He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.B)He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.【答案】B47.What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?-A)It sets a bad example for other industries.B)It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.C) It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.【答案】C48.Why do many people love tipping according to the author?A)They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.B)They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.C)They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.D)They can have some say in how much their servers earn.【答案】D49.What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?A)Service quality has little effect on tip size.B)It is in human nature to try to save on tips.C) Tips make it more difficult to please customers.D) Tips benefit the boss rather than the employees.【答案】A50.What does the author argue for in the passage?A)Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.B)Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.C)Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.D)Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.【答案】DPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, butrecent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sinklower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth hasweakened?Some e xperts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they’re paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China,Japan, and India. But doesn’t the extra money in the pockets of those countries,consumers mean an equal loss in oil-producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily, says economic researcher Sara Johnson. “Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw ontheir reserves to support government spending and subsidies (补贴)for their consumers.”But not all oil producers have big reserves. In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil pricesare overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharpdecline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil- producing nationscan’t afford to import as much as they used to.Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oilprices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the prices drop accountfor a larger share of the global economy.Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they’re getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is stillfresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming theirgasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers isnot as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.51.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A)The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B)Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C)The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.D)The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.【答案】C52.Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?A)Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B)Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C)Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.D)Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities.【答案】D53.What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?A)They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B)They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C)They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D)They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.【答案】C54.How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?A)It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B)Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C)It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.D)Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.【答案】B55.Why haven’t falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?A)People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B)The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.C)Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D)People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.【答案】APart IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passagefrom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福。
12月英语四级模拟试卷及答案（2）
12月英语四级模拟试卷及答案（2）2016年12月英语四级模拟试卷及答案Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:People with disabilities comprise a large part of the population. It is estimated that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are “developmental”, i. e. , they occur prior to the individual’s twenty-second birthday, often form genetic conditions, and are severe enough to effect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered “adventitious”, i.e. , accidental or caused by outside forces.Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expert to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basic are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and again employment have historically been denied on the basic of disability.In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to flight against these infringements (侵害) of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as protected class under civil rights statutes.Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority ofthose who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.It will only be when public attitudes advance as far as laws are that disabled people will be fully able to take to their right place in society.16. ”developmental” disability .A. develops very slowly over timeB. is caused forcesC. occurs in youth and affects developmentD. is getting more and more severe17. Most disabled people used to die early because .A. disabilities destroyed major bodily functionsB. they were not very well looked afterC. medical techniques were not availableD. they were too poor to get proper treatment18. In the author’s opinion, to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society, .A. more laws should be passedB. public attitudes should be changedC. government should provide more aidsD. more public facilities should be act up19. Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage?A. Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life.B. The public tends to look down upon the disabled people.C. The disabled people feel inferior to those surrounding them.D. Discriminatory (有差别的) laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others.20. The best title for this passage might be .A. Handicaps of People with DisabilitiesB. The Difficulties of the DisabledC. The Causes for DisabilitiesD. Medical Treatments for DisabilitiesPart II Vocabulary and Structure (共40小题，每小题1分，共40分)Directions: In this part there are forty incomplete sentences. Each sentence is followed by four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. It’s still early in the morning. There isn’t in the office.A. anyoneB. everyoneC. nobodyD. any people22. is not known what they discussed in the meeting.A. ThatB. HeC. ThisD. It23. Yhe sad news broke her and she has been gloomy ever since.A. feelingsB. emotionsC. mindD. heart24. He is much of a gentleman to fight.A. soB. asC. veryD. too25. Not until this term to realize how important this subject is to his future career as a diplomat.A. he beganB. ha has begunC. did he beginD. that ha has begun26. who would like to go on the trip should put their nameson the list.A. ThoseB. TheseC. SomebodyD. The ones27. A bottle weighs less after air is taken out, proves that air has weight.A. weB. itC. whichD. what28. How long ?A. you suppose did it lastB. do you suppose it lastedC. did you suppose it lastD. you suppose it lasted29. Smmith had some trouble the man’s accent.A. to understandB. understandingC. for understandingD. with understanding30. The next few days could be for the peace negotiation.A. maximumB. practicalC. criticalD. urgent31. He quite a lot when he was young.A. used to travelB. used to travelingC. was used to travelD. would used to travel32. You me your telephone number in case someone wants to contact you.A. had better giveB. had better givenC. had better to giveD. had better gave33. Mary used to the room with Linda.A. separateB. divideC. holdD. share34. —Must we hand in our exercise-books now?—No, you .A. mustn’tB. don’tC. needn’tD. can’t35. She pulled away from the window anyone should see them.A. lestB. even thoughC. unlessD. only if36. Not a has been found so far that can help the police find the criminal.A. factB. clueC. symbolD. sign37. She would make a teacher far superior the average.A. overB. thanC. beyondD. to38. Radio is different from television in it sends and receives pictures.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. this39. Tom and jack have returned but students of the group haven’t come back yet.A. otherB. the othersC. othersD. another40. It half a year since we to study in this university.A. is; comeB. is; have comeC. has been; cameD. has been; have come41. The fact that something is cheap doesn’t mean it is of low quality.A. necessarilyB. especiallyC. essentiallyD. practically42. They set off by car and the nearest town.A. made forB. made afterC. made outD. made to43. Take this baggage and you can find enough room.A. put it whichB. put it in whichC. put it at whereD. put it wherever44. He doesn’t want that he’s going away.A. . to be knownB. him to be knownC. that to be knownD. it to be known45. The noise around was terrible, but I had to it.A. keep away fromB. keep up withC. live withD. live on46. He that his guests were bored, although they were listening politely.A. impressedB. sensedC. inferredD. identified47. On Sundays I prefer at home to out.A. to say; goB. stay; goingC. staying; goingD. staying; go48. I’d like to write to him, but what’s the ? He never writes back.A. significanceB. businessC. pointD. purpose49. There were opinions as to the best location for the new school.A. disagreeingB. conflictingC. rejectingD. reverting50. by the news of his father’s death, he could hardly uttera word.A. To be stunnedB. StunnedC. To stunD. Stunning51. , we’d better make some changes in the plan.A. That is the caseB. That been the caseC. That to be the caseD. That being the case52. They have equipped the office with the business machines.A. lastB. latterC. latestD. later53. The police found that George had still another of income.A. originB. sourceC. basisD. means54. An open-minded teacher doesn’t always one single teaching method.A. set asideB. take overC. take onD. stick to55. Much to the student’s , the exam was postponed.A. burdenB. concernC. reliefD. requirement56. Children normally feel a lot of about their first day at school.A. anxietyB. differenceC. feelingsD. trouble57. The weather was hot that she decided to have the barber her hairstyle.A. rather; to changeB. so; changeC. much too; changeD. too; changed58. She meet her former instructor on the bus.A. delighted toB. happened toC. pleased toD. tended to59. Just as no two words are truly synonymous no two different expressions can mean exactly the same thing.A. ratherB. alsoC. yetD. so60. The new engineer’s suggestions were in the r evised plan.A. entitledB. engagedC. embodiedD. estimated下载文档。
精品2016年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案(20)
2016年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案(20)Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 21 to 25 arebased on the following passage:We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money, but most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I b roke up with Helen?” “When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?” “And Paul ― why didn't I pick up that he was friendly just because I had a car?” When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it's too late.Why do we go wrong about our friends ― or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don't really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You're a lucky dog.” Is he really on your side? If he says, “You're a lucky guy” or “You're a lucky gal,” that's being friendly. But “lucky dog”?There's a bit of envy in those words. Maybe hedoesn't see it himself. But bringing in the “dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn't think you deserve your luck.“Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for” is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in this phrase is the thought that your problem isn't important. It's telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven't got a date for Saturday night.How can you tell the real meaning behind someone's words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says square with the tone of voice? His posture? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake.21.When the writer recalls the things that happened between him and his friends, he ____.A) feels happy, thinking of how nice his friends were to himB) feel s he may not have “read” his friends' true feelings correctlyC) thinks it was a mistake to view Jim as afriendD) is sorry that his friends let him down22.By saying “You're a lucky dog.”, the speaker ____.A) is just being friendlyB) exp resses the same meaning as “You're a lucky guy.” or“You ' re a lucky gal.”C) is humorous to apply the word “dog” to peopleD) has a hidden jealous feeling behind the words23.In listening to a person, the important thing is ____.A) to notice his tone, his posture, and the look in his eyeB) to listen to how he pronounces his wordsC) to check his words against his manner, his tone of voice, and his postureD) not to believe what he says24.If you followed the advice of the writer, you would ____.A) weigh carefully what people say to determine their real meaningB) get along well with peopleC) trust what other people sayD) have no doubts about our friends25.This passage tries to tell you how to ____.A) avoid mistakes about both money and peopleB) say things elegantlyC) avoid mistakes in understanding what people tell youD) keep people friendly without trusting themQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sleep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an averagesleeper,your sleep cycle is as follows. When you first drift off into slumber (安睡), y our eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop slightly, your muscles will relax, and your breathing were slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves predominating for the first few minutes. This iscalled stage 1 sleep. For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. Then about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose consciousness you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep.You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night long, but instead about 80 minutes after youfall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids (眼皮) as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep period,your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow and regular once more, and you will slip gen tly back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep ― only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later.26.The stages of sleep take on ____.A) an irregular aspect.B) a regular aspectC) a punctual aspectD) a similar aspect27.Stage 4 sleep lasts ____.A) about 80 minutesB) about 4060 minutesC) about 30 munutesD) about 2040 minutes28.The brain waves are the slowest during ____.A) stage 1 C) stage 4B) stage 2 and stage 3D) REM sleep29.In the second paragraph the word “dart” means ____.A) glare C) stop movingB) move rapidly or suddenly D) gaze30.One of the features of REM sleep is that ____.A) there are large slow waves, though rapid for the first few minutesB) you have the deepest sleepC) there are no brain wavesD) the brain waves are a little fast and the brain becomes a little active答案Part Ⅱ1ざ涛拇笠猹本文与我们日常生活关系十分密切。
2016年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案(17)
大学英语四六级考试/模拟试题2016年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案(17)Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B) ,C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Increasingly, over the past ten years, people—especially young people—have become aware of the need to change their eating habits, because much of the food they eat, particularly processed foods, is not good for health. Consequently,there has been a growing interest in natural foods: foods which donot contain chemical additives and which have not been affected by chemical fertilizers widely used in farming today.Natural foods, for example, are vegetables,fruit and grain which have been grown in soil that is rich in organic matter.In simple terms, this means that the soil has been nourished by unused vegetable matter, which provides it with essential vitamins and minerals. This in itself is a natural process compared with the use of chemicals and fertilizers, the main purpose of which is to increase the amount but not the quality of foods grown in commercial farming areas.Natural foods also include animals which have been allowed to feed and move freely in healthy pastures. Compare this with what happens in the mass production of poultry: there are battery farms, for example, where thousands of chickenslive crowded together in one building and are fed on food which is little better than rubbish. Chickens kept in this way are not only tasteless asfood; but also produce eggs which lack important vitamins.There are other aspects of healthy eating which are now receiving increasing attention from experts on diet. Take, for example, the question of sugar. This is actually a nonessential food! Although a natural alternative, such as honey, can be used to sweeten food if this necessary, we canin fact do without it. It is not that sugar is harmful in itself. But it does seem to be additive: the quantity we use has grown steadily over the last centuries and in Britain today each person consumes an average of 200 pounds a year! Yet allit does is provide us with energy, in the form of calories. There are no vitamins in it, no minerals and nofiber.It is significant that nowadays fiber is considered to be an important part of a healthy diet. In white bread, for example ,the fiber has been removed. But it is present in unrefined flour and of course in vegetables. It is interesting tonote that in countries where the national diet contains large quantities of unrefined flour and vegetables, certain diseases are comparatively rare. Hence the emphasis is placed on the eating of whole meal bread and more vegetables by modern experts on “healthy eating”.21.Which statement best expresses the main idea of this article?A) People should eat any food to keep themselves healthy and strong.B) People should eat natural foods to keep themselves healthy and strong.C) People should eat fiber foods to keep themselves healthy and strong.D) People should eat vegetables to keep themselves healthy and strong.22.“Particularly processed foods” means____.A) foods which are particularly processed by adding chemical additivesB) foods which are particularly made by commercial farmsC) foods which are specially produced by commercial factoriesD) foods which are not specially made by adding anything23.Natural foods means ____.A) foods good for healthB) foods not good for healthC) foods such as vegetables, fruit and grain from rich organic matters soilD) crops from rich organic matters soil and meats of animals from healthy pastures24.There are no vitamins, no minerals and no fibers in ____.A) natural foods C) sugarB) animal meats D) fruit25.“Yet all it does is provide us with energy, in the form of calories.” It means ____.A) processed food provides us with energyB) natural food furnishes us with vitamins and mineralsC) sugar gives us enough energy in the form of caloriesD) fiber helps us to digest foodQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:With a tremendous roar from its rocket engine, the satellite is sent up into the sky. Minutes later, at an altitude of 300 miles, this tiny electronic moon begins to orbit about the earth.Its radio begins to transmit an astonishing amount of information about the satellite's orbital path, the amount of radiation it detects, and the presence of meteorites. Information of all kindsraces back to the earth.No human being could possibly copy down all these facts, much less remember and organize them. But an electronic computer can.The marvel of the machine age, the electronic computer has been in use only since 1946. It can do simple computations—add,subtract, multiply and divide—with lighting speed and perfect accuracy. Some computers can work 500,000 times faster than any person can.Once it is given a “program”— that is, a carefully worked out set of instructions devised by a technician trained in computer language — a computer cagather a wide range of information for many purposes. For the scientist it can get information from outer space or from the depth of the ocean. In business and industry the computer prepares factory inventories, keeps track of sales trends and production needs, mails dividend checks, and makes out company payrolls. It can keep bank accounts up to date and make out electric bills. Ifyou are planning a trip by plane, the computer will find out what to take and what space is available.Not only can the computer gather facts, it can also store them as fast as they are gathered and can pour them out whenever they are needed. The computer is really a high powered“memory”machine that “has all the answers”—or almost all.Besides gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicated problems that once took months for people to do.At times computers seem almost human. They can “read” hand printed letters, play chess, compose music, write plays and even design other computers. Is it any wonder that they are sometimes called “thinking” machines?Even though they are taking over some of the tasks that were once accomplished by our own brains, computers are not replacing us at least not yet. Our brain has more than 10 million cells. A computer has only a few hundred thousand parts.For some time to come, then, we can safely say that our brains are at least 10,000 times more complex than a computer.How we use them is for us, not the computer, to decide.26.In the first paragraph, the author thinks an electronic computer can ____.A) copy down all the factsB) remember all the factsC) organize the facts and everythingD) copy down, remember and organize all the facts27.“Program” means ____.A) a plan of what is to be doneB) a complete show on a TV station at afixed time tableC) a scheduled performanceD) series of coded instructions to control the operations of a computer28.The computer is a high powered “memory”machine, which ____.A) has all the ready answers — or almostall to any questionsB) can remember everythingC) can store everything and work for youD) has all the answers — or almost to all the information that has been stored29. “Thinking” machines suggest that ____.A) they can “read” hand printed letters etcB) they really can think and do many other jobsC) they even design other computersD) they can't think, but can do something under human control30.Can computers do whatever they want to do?Why?A) Yes, because some computers can work 500,000 times faster than any person can.B) No, because they normally have a few hundred thousand parts.C) No, because human brains are at least 10000 times more complex than any computers.D) No, because how a computer works is decided by human.Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:No one expressed this attitude more strongly than Noah Webster (17581843).Born near Nartford, Connecticut, he received his education at Yale College and later began to practise law. But business in this profession was slow, and he was forced to turn to teaching. As a teacher, he soon discovered that the English school books then in use were unsatisfactory, and the American Revolution reduced the supply of suchbooks as there were. Webster therefore began to work on three simple books on English, a spelling book, a grammar, and a reader, and these were the first books of their kind to be published in this country. The success of the first part was surprisingly great. It was soon issued again under the title THE AMERICAN SPELLING BOOK, and in this form about 80 million copies were sold during the next hundred years. From a profit of less than one cent a copy, Webster got most of his income for the rest of his life. Not only did the little book have great influence on many generations of school children, but it also had the effect or turning its author's attention to questions of language. In 1806 he produced a small dictionary,and this was followed by his greatest work, AN AMERICAN DICTIONARY OFTHE ENGLISH LANGUAGE, published in two volumes in1828. In both of these works and in many smaller writings he had one purpose: to show that the Englsih language in his country was a truly American thing, developing in its own special wayand deserving to be considered from an independent, American point of view. As he himself wrote,“ It is not only important, but in a degree necessary, that the people of this country should have an AMERICAN DICTIONARY of the English language; for, although the body of the language is the same as in England…some differences exist…. No person inthis country will be satisfied with the English definitions of the words congress, senate, assembly, court, and so forth, for although these are words used in England, yet they are applied in this country to express ideas which they do not express in that country.” By giving American meanings and American pronunciation, by adopting a number of American spellings, and especially by introducing quotations from American authors beside those from English literature, he was able, to a great extent, to justify the title of his work. If, after a hundred years, some people still doubt the existence of a separate American language, his efforts, nevertheless, have left a lasting mark on the language of his country.31.Webster first tried to earn his living in the field of ____.A) education C) lawB) journalism D) medicine32.Webster earned most of his money from the sale of his ____.A) dictionary of 1828 C) grammarB) spelling book D) reader33.Apparently Webster published his first books while he was a____.A) teacher C) lawyerB) student D) doctor34.This article could be entitled ____.A) Noah Webster and American English SpellingB) Noah Webster, the author of An American Dictionary of the English LanguageC) Noah WebsterD) Noah Webster and American English Grammar35.According to the article, Webster ____.A) had created American English and its usagesB) had discovered American English and improved itC) had tried his best and left a milestone on the language of his countryD) had left a language which was not used in England.Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:Once upon a time, the United States seemed to have plenty of land to go around. Plenty of rivers to dam and plenty of rural valleys left over. Plenty of space for parks and factories. Plenty of forests to cut and grasslands to plow.But that was once upon a time. The days of unused land are over.Now the land has been spoken for, fenced off, carved up into cities and farms and industrial parks, put to use.At the same time, the population keeps growing. People need places to work and places to play. So we need more sites for more industries, more beaches for more sunbathers, and more clean rivers for more fishers. And it isn't just a matter of population growth. Our modern technology has needs that must be met, too. We need more coal for energy, and we need more power plants; cars must have highways and parking lots, and jets must have airports.Each of these land uses swallows up precious space.Highways and expressways alone take some 200,000 acres each year. And urban sprawl — the spreading out of cities — is expected to gobble up vast areas of land by the year 2,000. But there is only so much land to go around. It is always hard to decide. Take, for example, a forest. Aforest can be a timber supply. It can provide a home for wildlife. It is scenery and a recreation area for man. It is soil and watershed protection.36.“…the United States seemed to have plenty of land to go around ”means that ____.A) the United States seemed to have vast land for its people to walk aroundB) the United States seemed to have enough land for sharing with everyoneC) the United States could provide whatever its inhabitents' needsD) the United States was not able to allow its people to do what they wanted to37.The sentence of “Plenty of rivers to dam and plenty of rural valleys left over” suggests that ____.A) the United States had a lot of rivers to dam and many rural valleys, tooB) the rivers could be damed laterC) rural valleys would be considered in the futureD) people needn't think of the rivers and valleys38.“Now the land has been spoken for, …”tells us that ____.A) today, land has shown its valuesB) now, people have said something about landC) nowadays, land has been claimed by human beingsD) recently, people spoke for the land39.The phrase of “swallows up” informed us that ____.A) these usages of land have good resultsB) these lands must be used totallyC) the precious space was taken completelyD) the precious space were eaten up40.The word “sprawl” indicates that ____.A) cities are developing very fast to meet the people's demandsB) urban areas are diminishing smoothlyC) urban areas are enlarging steadily in a planned wayD) cities are spreading out without any plans 答案Part Ⅱ1短文大意人们越来越多地意识到需要改变饮食习惯，而对天然的食物表现出更多的兴趣，因为天然食物不含化学添加剂，没有被化肥污染。
201612月英语四级考试真题试题与答案解析【三套全】
2015 年 12 月英语四级考试真题及答案【三套全】Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Listening is more important than talking?" You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of paying attention to others' opinions. You should write at least 120words but no more than 180words.注意：此部分试题在答题卡 1 上________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.A)They admire the courage of space explorers.B)They were going to watch a wonderful movie.C)They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.D)They like doing scientific exploration very much.2.A)In a school library.B)At a gift shop.D)At a graduation ceremony.3.A)He used to work in the art gallery.B)He does not have a good memoiy.C)He is not interested in any part-time jobs.D)He declined a job offer from the art gallery.4.A)He will be unable to attend the birthday party.B)The woman should have informed him earlier.C)He will go to the birthday party after the lecture.D)Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrow.5.A)Set a deadline for the staff to meet.B)Assign more workers to the project.C)Reward those having made good progress.D)Encourage the staff to work in small groups.6.A)Where she can leave her car.B)The rate for parking in Lot C.C)How far away the parking lot is.D)The way to the visitor's parking.7.A)He regrets missing the classes.B)He has benefited from exercise.C)He plans to take the fitness classes.D)He is looking forward to a better life.8.A)How to select secretaries.B)How to raise work efficiency.C)The responsibilities of secretaries.D)The secretaries in the man's company.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A)It is used by more people than English.B)It is more difficult to learn than English.C)It will be as commonly used as English.D)It will eventually become a world language.10.A)Its popularity with the common people.B)The effect of the Industrial Revolution.C)The influence of the British Empire.D)Its loan words from many languages.11.A)It has a growing number of newly coined words.B)It includes a lot of words from other languages.C)It is the largest among all languages in the world.D)It can be easily picked up by overseas travellers.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)To place an order.B)To apply for a job.C)To return some goods.D)To make a complaint.13.A)He works on a part-time basis for the company.B)He has not worked in the sales department for long.C)He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.D)He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.14.A)It is not his responsibility.B)It win be free for large orders.C)It depends on a number of factors.D)It costs ￡ 15 more for express delivery. 15.A)Make inquiries with some other companies.B)Report the information to her superior.C)Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.D)Ring back when she comes to a decision.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.16.A)No one knows for sure when they came into being.B)No one knows exactly where they were first made.C)No one knows for what purpose they were invented.D)No one knows what they will look like in the future.17.A)Measure the speed of wind.B)Give warnings of danger.C)Pass on secret messages.D)Carry ropes across rivers.18.A)To find out the strength of silk for kites.B)To test the effects of the lightning rod.C)To prove that lightning is electricity.D)To protect houses against lightning.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A)She was born with a talent for languages.B)She was trained to be an interpreter.C)She can speak several languages.D)She enjoys teaching languages.20.A)They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.B)They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.C)They acquire an immunity to culture shock.D)They would like to live abroad permanently.21.A)She became an expert in horse racing.B)She learned to appreciate classical music.C)She was able to translate for a German sports judge.D)She got a chance to visit several European countries.22.A)Take part in a cooking competition.B)Taste the beef and give her comment.C)Teach vocabulary for food in English.D)Give cooking lessons on Western food.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A)He had only a third-grade education.B)He once threatened to kill his teacher.C)He often helped his mother do housework.D)He grew up in a poor single-parent family.24.A)Stupid.B)Active.C)Brave.D)Careless.25.A)Watch educational TV programs only.B)Write two book reports a week.C)Help with housework.D)Keep a diary.When you look up at the night sky, what do you see? There are other __26__bodies out there besides the moon and stars. One of the most __27__ of these is acomet (彗星).Comets were formed around the same time the Earth was formed. They are __28__ice and other frozen liquids and gases. __29__ these "dirty snowballs" begin to orbitthe sun, just as the planets do.As a comet gets closer to the sun, some gases in it begin to unfreeze. They __30__dust particles from the comet to form a huge cloud. As the comet gets even nearer tothe sun, a solar wind blows the cloud behind the comet, thus forming its tail.The tail and the __31__ fuzzy ( 模糊的 ) atmosphere around a comet are __32__ that canhelp identify this __33__ in the night sky.In any given year, about a dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits. The average person can't see them all, of course. Usually there is only one or twoa year bright enough to be seen with the __34__ eye. Comet Hale-Bopp, discoveredin 1995, was an unusually bright comet. Its orbit brought it __35__ close to theEarth, within 122 million miles of it. But Hale-Bopp came a long way on its earthly visit. It won't be back for another four .【参考答案】26.heavenly27.fascinating28.made up of29.Now and thenbine with31.generally32.characteristics33.phenomenon34.naked35.relativelyPartIII Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are requiredto select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a wordbank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than onceQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequalitydecreases or increases in an information-based society. However, they generallyagree with the idea that inequality in the information society is __36__ different from that of an industrial society. As informatization progresses in society, the cause and structural nature ofsocial inequality changes as well.It seems that the information society__37__ the quantity of information availableto the members of a society by revolutionizing the ways of using and exchanginginformation.But such a view is a __38__ analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms of the mass media. A different __39__ is possible whenthe actual amount of information__40__ by the user is taken into account.In fact, the more information__41__ throughout the entire society,the wider the gap becomes between "information haves"and "information have-nots", leading to digital divide.According to recent studies,digital divide has been caused by three major__42__:class, sex, and generation. In terms of class, digital divide exists among different types of workers and between the upper and middle classes and the lower class. With __43__ to sex, digital divide exists between men and women. The greatest gap, however, is between the Net-generation,__44__ with personal computers and the Internet,and the older generation, __45__ to an industrial society.A)accustomedB)acquiredC)assemblyD)attributeE)championsF)elementsG)expandsH)familiarI)flowsJ)fundamentallyK)interpretationL)passiveM)regardN)respectivelyO)superficialJoy: A Subject Schools LackBecoming educated should not require giving up pleasure.A) When Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729, that the people of Ireland eat theirchildren,he insisted it would solve three problems at once: feed the hungry masses, reduce the population during a severe depression, and stimulate the restaurantbusiness.Even as a satire( 讽刺 ), it seems disgusting and shocking in America with its child-centered culture.But actually,the country is closer to his proposal than you might think.B) If you spend much time with educators and policy makers, you'll hear a lot of"accountability,"and so on. I have visited some of the newer supposedly "effective" schools, where children shout slogans in order to leam self-control or muststand behind their desk when they can't sit still.C)A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clearthat when people think about education, they are not thinking about what it feelslike to be a child,or what makes childhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.D) I'm a mother of three, a teacher,and a developmental psychologist.So I've watched a lot of children— talking, playing, arguing, eating, studying, and being young.Here's what I've come to understand.The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance,nor their lack of skills. It's their enormous capacity for joy.Think of a 3-year-old lost in the pleasures of finding out what he can and cannot sink in the bathtub, a 5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of putting together strings of nonsensical words with her best friends, or an 11-year-old completelyabsorbed in a fascinating comic strip. A child's ability to become deeply absorbed in something,and derive intense pleasure from that absorption,is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying to return to.E) A friend told me the following story.One day, when he went to get his 7-year-old son from soccer practice,his kid greeted him with a downcast face and a sad voice. The coach had criticized him for not focusing on his soccer drills. The little boywalked out of the school with his head and shoulders hanging down. He seemed wrapped in sadness.But just before he reached the car door,he suddenly stopped,crouching (蹲伏)down to peer at something on the sidewalk.His face went down lower and lower, and then, with complete joy he called out, "Dad. Come here. This is the strangestbug I've ever seen. It has, like, a million legs. Look at this. It's amazing. " Helooked up at his father, his features overflowing with energy and delight. "Can'twe stay here for just a minute?I want to find out what he does with all those legs. This is the coolest ever. "F) The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming butirrelevant byproduct of youth— something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualities, like perseverance (坚持不懈 ), obligation, and practicality.Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intense absoiption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking. Human lives are governed by the desire toexperience joy.Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead to finding joy in new kinds of things:reading novels instead of playing with small figures, conductingexperiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub, and debating serious issuesrather than stringing together nonsense words,for example.In some cases,schools should help children find new, more grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy: making art, making friends, making decisions.G) Building on a child's ability to feel joy,rather than pushing it aside,wouldn't be that hard. It would just require a shift in the education world's mindset (思维模式 ). Instead of trying to get children to work hard, why not focus on gettingthem to take pleasure in meaningful, productive activity, like making things,working with others, exploring ideas, and solving problems? These focuses are notso different from the things in which they delight.H) Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish,or think of joy as an unaffordable luxury in a nation where there is awful poverty,low academic achievement,and high dropout rates, think again. The more horrible the school circumstances, the moreimportant pleasure is to achieving any educational success.I) Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with, often because they arepressured by their administrators,treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility. The assumption is that children shouldn't chat inthe classroom because it hinders hard work; instead, they should leain to delaygratification( 快乐 ) so that they can pursue abstract goals,like going to college.J) Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children, it makes no senseeducationally. Decades of research have shown that in order to acquire skills andreal knowledge in school, kids need to want to learn.You can force a child to stay in his or her seat,fill out a worksheet,or practice division.But you can't force the child to think carefully,er\joy books,digest complex information,or develop a taste for learning.To make that happen, you have to help the child find pleasure inlearning—to see school as a source of joy.K)Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine; unpleasant, butnecessary and good for you. Why not instead think of learning as if it were food— something so valuable to humans that they have evolved to experience it asa pleasure?L) Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs. The more difficult a child's life circumstances,the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom. "Pleasure" is not a dirty word. And it doesn't run counter to the goals of public education. It is, in fact, the precondition.46.It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators changetheir way of thinking.47.What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joyfrom what they are doing.48.Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.49.It is human nature to seek joy in life.50.Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine isto patients.51.Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into ajoyful experience.52.Adults do not consider children's feelings when it comes to education.53. Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to theireducational goals.54.In the so-called "effective" schools, children are taught self-controlunder a set of strict rules.55. To make learning effective,educators have to ensure that children want to leam.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.When it's five o'clock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, formany workers,is defined by time.They leave when the clock tells them they're done.These days,the time is everywhere-,not just on clocks or watches,but on cell-phones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research showsthat clock-based work schedules hinder morale (士气 ) and creativity.Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: ameeting from9 a.m. to10 a. m. ,research from 10 a.m. to noon,etc. On the other hand, task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish.They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all ofus employ a mix of both these types of planning.What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Doesone make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experimentsconducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organizedifferent activities—from project planning,holiday shopping,to yoga— by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under "clock time" vs "task time. " Theyfound clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt littlecontrol Over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but lessproductive.They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.under-supported in business culture. Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but theresearchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy:work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be,to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should be used when performing ajob that requires more creativity. It'll make those tasks easier, and the task-doers will be happier.56.What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?A) It makes everybody time-conscious.B) It is a convenience for work and life.C) It may have a negative effect on creative work.D) It clearly indicates the fast pace of modem life.57.How do people usually go about their work according to the author?A) They combine clock-based and task-based planning.B) They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.C) They set a time limit for each specific task.D) They accomplish their tasks one by one.58.What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments aboutclock-timers?A)They seize opportunities as they come up.B)They always get their work done in time.C)They have more control over their lives.D)They tend to be more productive.59.What do the researchers say about today's business culture?A) It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.B) It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.C)It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers' lives.D)It aims to bring employees' potential and creativity into full play.60. What do the researchers suggest?A)Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.B)It is important to keep a balance between work and life.C)Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier.D)A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Martha Stewart was charged, tried and convicted of a crime in 2004. As she nearedthe end of her prison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was " payingher dues," and that " there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny herright to start anew. "Surely, the American ideal of second chances should not be reserved only for therich and powerful. Unfortunately,many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on a shockingly large number of Americans, who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt to society.At least 65 million people in the United States have a criminal record. This canresult in severe penalties that continue long after punishment is completed.Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of theoffense or the person's individual circumstances. Laws can restrict or ban voting,access to public housing, and professional and business licensing. They canaffect a person's ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.In all,more than45,000 laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fully participating in American life.Some laws make sense. No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia(恋童癖 ) work in a school. But too often collateral (附随的 ) consequences bear no relation to public safety.Should a womanwho possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to be licensed as a nurse?These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people withcriminal records to find housing or land a job, two key factors that reducebacksliding.A recent report makes several recommendations, including the abolition of mostpost-conviction penalties, except for those specifically needed to protect publicsafety. Where the penalties are not a must, they should be imposed only if the facts of a case support it.The point is not to excuse or forget the crime. Rather, it is to recognize that inAmerica's vast criminal justice system, second chances are crucial. It is in no one's interest to keep a large segment of the population on the margins of society.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
实用文档之12月大学英语四级真题及完整答案(共两卷)
实用文档之"2016年12月大学英语四级真题（第一套）"Part I Writing (30minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1and 2 are based on the news report you have just the heard.1. A) It was going to be renovated. C) It was dangerous to live in.B) He could no longer pay the rent. D) He had sold it to the royal family.2. A) A storm. C) A forest fire.B) A strike. D) A Terrorist attack. Questions 3and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) They lost contact with the emergency department.B) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.C) They sent calls for help via a portable radio.D) They were trapped in an underground elevator.4. A) They provided the miner with food and water.B) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.C) They released the details of the accident.D) They tried hard to repair the accident.Question5 to7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Raise postage rates. C) Close some of its post offices.B) Improve its services. D) Redesign delivery routes.6. A) Closing offices on holidays. C) Computerizing mail sorting processes.B) Shortening business hours. D) Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.7.A）A lot of controversy will ariseB) Taxpayers will be very pleasedC) Many people will begin to complainD) Many post office staff will lose their jobsSection BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of eachconversation,you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from four choice marked A),B),C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter an Answer sheet1 with a single line though the centre.Question8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8.A)He will lose part of his pay. C)He will be given a warning.B)He will go through retraining. D)He is go good terms with his workmates.9.A)He is an experienced press operator. C)He is always on time.B)He is trustworthy guy. D）He is go good terms with his workmates.10.A)She is a trade union representative. C)She is better at handing such matters.B)She is a senior manager of the shop. D)She is in charge of public relation.11.A)He is always trying to stir up trouble.B)He is skilled and experienced.C)He is very close to the manager.D)He is always complaining about low wages.Question12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A)Open. C)Selfish.B)Reserved. D)Friendly.13.A)They read a book. C)They stay quiet.B)They talk about the weather D)They chat with fellow passengers.14.A)She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.B)She was never invited to a colleague’s home.C)She was eager to visit an English castle.D)She was always treated as a foreigner.15.A) House are much more quiet. C) They want a garden of their own.B) They want to have more space. D) Houses provide more privacy.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) andD).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a singleline through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) They will automatically be given hiring priority.B) They don’t have to go through job interviews.C) They are likely to get much higher pay.D) They don’t have much choice of jobs.17.A) Visit the school careers services. C) Look at school bulletin boards.B) Ask their professors for help. D) Go through campus newspapers.18.A) Providing students with information about the library.B) Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.C) Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.D) Helping students find the books and journals they need. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) It tastes better. C) It is easier to grow.B) It may be sold at a higher price. D) It can better survive extreme weathers.20.A) It can grow in drier soil. C) It will replace green tea one day.B) It is immune to various diseases. D) It is healthier than green tea.21.A) It does not have a stable market.B) It has made t ea farmers’ life easier.C) It does not bring the promised health benefits.D) It has been well received by many tea drinkers.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) They care more about environment.B) They decorate their homes themselves.C) They prefer unique objects of high quality.D) They need decorations to show their status.23. A) They made great contributions to society.B) They could only try to create at night.C) They were proud of their creations.D) They focused on the quality of their products.24. A) Identify fake crafts. C) Design handicrafts themselves.B) Make wise choices. D) Learn the importance of creation.25. A) To attract foreign investments. C) To arouse public interest in crafts.B) To preserve the traditional culture. D) To boost the local economy.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are “male” and “female” brains, believing that e xplains just about every difference between the sexes. A new study（26）that belief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers（27）for sex differences the entire human brain.And what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for （28）brains as “male” or “female,” research shows that brains fall into a wide range, with most people falling right in the middle.Daphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there are some gender-based（29）, many different types of brain can’t always be distinguished by gender.While the “average” male and “average” female brains were（30）different, you couldn’t tell it by looking at individual brain scans. Only a small（31）of pe ople had “all-male” or “all-female” characteristics.Larry Cahill, an American neuroscientist (神经科学家),said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questioning （32）beliefs about gender and brain function. But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same,（33）of gender.“There’s a mountain of evidence（34）the importance of sex influences at all levels of brain function,” he told The Seattle Times.If anything, he said, the study（35）that gender plays a very important role in the brain “even when we are not clear exactly how.”Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraphis marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?[A]Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isn’t surprising that you’ll find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.[B]The most likely type of burglary (入室盗窃) by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these accounted roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in 2013.The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds of a criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesn’t even track those statistics.[C]One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar (入室盗贼) might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they’ll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns—but what about their wireless equivalent, jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what’s to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?[D]Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they’re not unique to security systems. Any device that’s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, let’s say you wanted to “jam” aconversation between two people—all you’d need to do is yell in the listener’s ear.[E] Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on—that means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however, need so know what system they’re looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that’d point them in the right direction, though at that point, we’re talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. It’s easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.[F] Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks. SimpliSafe, winner of our Editor’s Choice distinction, utilizes a special system that’s capable of separating incidental RF interference from targeted jamming attacks. When the system thinks it’s being jammed, it’ll notify you via push alert(推送警报).From there, it’s up to you to sound the alarm manually.[G] SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete with a video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After taking appropriate measures to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that it’s possible with the right equipment. Howev er, we also verified that SimpliSafe’santi-jamming system works. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system’s event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not in detected them.[H]We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldn’t be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around it. Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, whichmeans there wouldn’t be a universal magic formula for cracking it. Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there aren’t any documented cases of successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.[I] Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipment and the right know-how, it’s possible to jam any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?[J] Let’s imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically. Then, he’s going to need to know the technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and while you’re away. So the thief will still need to break in. That means defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window. He’ll need to be jamming you at t his point, as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm. So, too, would the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he’s inside and searching for things to steal. However, he’ll need to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does now have access to.[K]At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. They’re also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable aspossible while also offering strong protection in the event of aless-extraordinary attack.36. It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessaryequipment and skill.37. Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interferingwith a conversation.38. A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device toavoid triggering the alarm, both inside and outside the house.39. SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidentalradio interference from targeted jamming attacks.40. Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.41. It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.42. Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm oncesomething wrong is detected.43. Different measures should be taken to protect one’s home fromburglary in addition to the wireless security system.44. SimpliSafe’s device can send a warning to the house owner’s cellphone.45. Burglars can easily get a security device’s frequency by I nternet search.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on thebest choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As a person who writes about food and drink for a living. I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. But I can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.I hate tipping.I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as a n option. I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% saidthey didn’t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more upfront for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do dr unken math.46. What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?A) He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.B) He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.47. What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?A) It sets a bad example for other industries.B) It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.C) It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.48. Why do many people love tipping according to the author?A) They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.B) They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.C) They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.D) They can have some say in how much their servers earn.49. What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?A) Service quality has little effect on tip size.B) It is in human mature to try to save on tips.C) Tips make it more difficult to please customers.D) Tips benefit the boss rather that the employees.50. What does the author argue for in the passage?A) Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.B) Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.C) Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.D) Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they’re paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and India, But doesn’t the extra money in the pockets of those countries’ consumers mean an equal loss in oil producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily, says economic researcher Sara Johnson. “Many oil p roducers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies(补贴) for their consumers.”But not all oil producers have big reserves, In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil-producing nations can’t afford to import as much as they used to.Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the price drop account for a larger share of the global economy.Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they’re getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.51. What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A) The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B) Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C) The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.D) The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.52. Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?A) Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B) Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C) Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.D) Consumers will spend their saving from cheap oil on other commodities.53. What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?A) They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B) They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C) They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D) They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.54. How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?A) It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B) Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C) It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.D) Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.55. Why haven’t falli ng oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?A) People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B) The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.C) Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D) People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.Part IV Translation (30minutes)Directions: For this part,you are allowed 30minutes to transtate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福，在春节和其他喜庆场合，红色到处可见。
(完整word版)2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案,推荐文档
2016年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Much controversy has been aroused about whether the students should find a job or start their own business after graduation. Taking a look around, we can find that some graduates bustle around job markets, while others choose to run a shop on TMall. However, I prefer the former choice.From my perspective, there are good reasons to find a job in the first several years after their graduation. First and foremost, if a graduate intends to accumulate working experience and learn from the seniors, it is advisable for him to find a job. It is an undeniable fact that the theoretical knowledge will provide the graduates with the ability to consider things comprehensively, however, only under the integration with practice can the rigid knowledge be useful for their future development. Inevitably, doing something small is the premise of undertaking something great. Take Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba and taobao, for example. He also finds some jobs before establishing his own career, laying a solid foundation for his later success.Consequently, it is of great necessity to find a job after graduation. I firmly believe that it will continue to bring about more returns to our life and future.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) It was going to be renovated.B) He could no longer pay the rent.C) It was dangerous to live in.D) He had sold it to the royal family.【答案】C2. A) A storm.B) A strike.C) A forest fire.D) A terrorist attack.【答案】AQuestions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) They lost contact with the emergency department.B) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.C) They sent calls for help via a portable radio.D) They were trapped in an underground elevator.【答案】D4.A) They provided the miners with food and water.B) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.C) They released the details of the accident.D) They tried hard to repair the elevator.【答案】BQuestions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) Raise postage rates.B) Improve its services.C) Close some of its post offices.D) Redesign delivery routes.【答案】C6.A) Closing offices on holidays.B) Shortening business hours.C) Computerizing mail sorting processes.D) Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.【答案】D7.A) A lot of controversy will arise.B)Taxpayers will be very pleased.C) Many people will begin to complain.D) Many post office staff will lose their jobs.【答案】DSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B)y C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) He will lose part of his pay.B) He will go through retraining.C) He will be given a warning.D) He will be kept from promotion.【答案】A9.A) He is an experienced press operator.B) He is a trustworthy guy.C) He is always on time.D) He is on good terms with his workmates.【答案】B10.A) She is a trade union representative.B) She is a senior manager of the shop.C) She is better at handling such matters.D) She is in charge of public relations.【答案】C11.A) He is always trying to stir up trouble.B) He is skilled and experienced.C) He is very close to the manager.D) He is always complaining about low wages.【答案】AQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) Open.B) Reserved.C) Selfish.D) Friendly.【答案】B13.A) They read a book.B) They talk about the weather.C) They stay quiet.D) They chat with fellow passengers.【答案】C14.A) She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.B) She was never invited to a colleague’s home.C) She was eager to visit an English castle.D) She was always treated as a foreigner.【答案】B15.A) Houses are much more quiet.B) They want to have more space.C) They want a garden of their own.D) Houses provide more privacy.【答案】DSection CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) They will automatically be given hiring priority.B) They don’t have to go through job interviews.C) They are likely to get much higher pay.D) They don’t have much choice of jobs.【答案】A17.A) Visit the school careers service.B) Ask their professors for help.C) Look at school bulletin boards.D) Go through campus newspapers.【答案】A18. A) Providing students with information about the library.B)Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.C)Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.D)Helping students find the books and journals they need.【答案】CQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) It tastes better.B) It may be sold at a higher price.C) It is easier to grow.D) It can better survive extreme weathers.【答案】B20. A) It can grow in drier soil.B) It is immune to various diseases.C) It will replace green tea one day.D) It is healthier than green tea.【答案】D21. A) It does not have a stable market.B) It has made tea farmers’ life easier.C) It does not bring the promised health benefits.D) It has been well received by many tea drinkers.【答案】AQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) They care more about environment.B)They decorate their homes themselves.C) They prefer unique objects of high quality.D) They need decorations to show their status.【答案】C23. A) They made great contributions to society.B) They could only try to create at night.C)They were proud of their creations.D)They focused on the quality of their products.【答案】B24.A) Identify fake crafts.B)Make wise choices.C)To arouse public interest in crafts.D)To boost the local economy.【答案】B25.A) To attract foreign investments.B)To preserve the traditional culture.C)Design handicrafts themselves.D)Learn the importance of creation.【答案】DPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Many men and women have long bought into the idea that there are “male” and “female” brains, believing that explains just about every difference between the sexes. A new study __26__ that belief, questioning whether brains really can be distinguished by gender.In the study, Tel Aviv University researchers __27__ for sex differences throughout the entire human brain.27._____A) abnormalB) appliedC) brieflyD) categorizingE) challengesF) figureG) percentageH) provingI) regardlessJ) searchedK) similaritiesL) slightlyM) suggestsN) tastesO) traditionalAnd what did they find? Not much. Rather than offer evidence for __28__ brains as “male” or “female,” research shows that brains fall into a wide range, with most people falling right in the middle.28._____A) abnormalB) appliedC) brieflyD) categorizingE) challengesF) figureG) percentageH) provingI) regardlessJ) searchedK) similaritiesL) slightlyM) suggestsN) tastesO) traditionalDaphna Joel, who led the study, said her research found that while there are some gender-based —__29__ , many different types of brain can’t always be distinguished by gender.29._____A) abnormalB) appliedC) brieflyD) categorizingE) challengesF) figureG) percentageH) provingI) regardlessJ) searchedK) similaritiesL) slightlyM) suggestsN) tastesO) traditionalWhile the “average” male and “average” female brains were __30__ different, you couldn’t tell it by looking at individual brain scans. Only a small __31__ of people had “all-male” or “all-female” characteristics.30._____31._____A) abnormalB) appliedC) brieflyD) categorizingE) challengesF) figureG) percentageH) provingI) regardlessJ) searchedK) similaritiesL) slightlyM) suggestsN) tastesO) traditionalLarry Cahill, an American neuroscientist (神经科学家), said the study is an important addition to a growing body of research questioning __32__ beliefs aboutgender and brain function. But he cautioned against concluding from this study that all brains are the same, __33__ of gender.32._____33._____A) abnormalB) appliedC) brieflyD) categorizingE) challengesF) figureG) percentageH) provingI) regardlessJ) searchedK) similaritiesL) slightlyM) suggestsN) tastesO) traditional“There’s a mountain of evidence __34__ the importance of sex influences at all levels of brain function, M he told The Seattle Times.34._____A) abnormalB) appliedC) brieflyD) categorizingE) challengesF) figureG) percentageH) provingI) regardlessJ) searchedK) similaritiesL) slightlyM) suggestsN) tastesO) traditionalIf anything, he said, the study __35__ that gender plays a very important role in the brain—“even when we are not clear exactly how.”35._____A) abnormalB) appliedC) brieflyD) categorizingE) challengesF) figureG) percentageH) provingI) regardlessJ) searchedK) similaritiesL) slightlyM) suggestsN) tastesO) traditionalSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose aparagraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?A)Any product that promises to protect your home deserves careful examination. So it isn't surprising that you’ll find plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities of popular home-security systems.B)The most likely type of burglary(入室盗窃)by far is the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a broken window or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes like these accounted for roughly two-thirds of all household burglaries in the US in 2013. The wide majority of the rest were illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a window being left open. The odds of criminal using technical means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI doesn’t even track those statistics.C)One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that a burglar(入室盗贼)might be able to shut your system down simply by cutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you stick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect something wrong while the system is armed, they’ll transmit a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise the alarm. That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting concerns—but what about their wireless equivalent, jamming? With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what’s to stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert signal from ever reaching the base station?D)Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they’re not unique to security systems. Any device that’s built to receive a wireless signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For comparison, let’s say you wanted to “jam” a conversation between two people—all you’d need to do is yell in the listener’s ear.E)Security devices are required to list the frequencies they broadcast on—that means that a potential thief can find what they need to know with minimalGoogling. They will, however, need to know what system they’re looking for. If you have a sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that’d point them in the right direction, though at that point, we’re talking about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the sort of forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. It’s easier to find and acquire jamming equipment for some frequencies than it is for others.F)Wireless security providers will often take steps to help combat the threat of jamming attacks. SimpliSafe, winner of our Editors’ Choice distinction, utilizes a special system that’s capable of separating incidental RF interference from targeted jamming attacks. When the system thinks it’s being jammed, it’ll notify you via push alert (推送警报). From there, it’s up to you to sound the alarm manually.G)SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on jamming, complete with a video showing the entire system being effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After taking appropriate measure to contain the RF interference to our test lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were able to verify that it is possible with the right equipment. However, we also verified that SimpliSafe’s anti-jamming system works. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system’s event log. The team behind the article and video in question make no mention of the system, or whether or not it detected them.H) We like the unique nature of that software. It means that a thief likely wouldn’t be able to Google how the system works, then figure out a way around it Even if they could, SimpliSafe claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies slightly from system to system, which means there wouldn’t be a universal magic formula for cracking it Other systems also seem confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citing their own jam protection software and claiming that there aren’t any documented cases of a successful jam attack since the company began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.I)Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before, with the right equipment and the right know-how, it’s possible to jam any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal your stuff?J) Let’s imagine that you live in a small home with a wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home, specifically. Then, he’s going to need to know the technical details of your system and acquire the specific equipment necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep your doors locked at night and while you're away, so the thief will still need to break in. That means defeating the lock somehow, or breaking a window. He’ll need to be jamming you at this point, as a broken window or opened door would normally release the alarm. So, too, would the motion detectors in your home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he’s inside and searching for things to steal. However, he’ll need to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system, the details of which he almost certainly does not have access to.K) At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries. They’re also only a single layer in what should ideally be a many-sided approach to securing your home, one that includes common sense things like sound locks and proper exterior lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and none can promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could theoretically exploit. A good system is one that keeps that worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary attack.36.It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with the necessary equipment and skill.【答案】I37.Interfering with a wireless security system is similar to interfering witha conversation.【答案】D38.A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security device to avoid triggering the alarm, both inside and outside the house.【答案】J39.SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to distinguish incidental radio interference from targeted jamming attacks.【答案】F40.Only a very small proportion of burglaries are committed by technical means.【答案】B41.It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps changing.【答案】H42.Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to activate the alarm once something wrong is detected.【答案】C43.Different measures should be taken to protect one’s home from burglary in addition to the wireless security system.【答案】K44.SimpliSafe’s device can send a warning to the house owner’s cellphone.【答案】G45.Burglars can easily get a security device’s frequency by Internet search.【答案】ESection CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) , C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.As a person who writes about food and drink for a living, I couldn’t tell you the first thing about Bill Perry or whether the beers he sells are that great. ButI can tell you that I like this guy. That’s because he plans to ban tipping in favor of paying his servers an actual living wage.I hate tipping.I hate it because it’s an obligation disguised as an option. I hate it for the post-dinner math it requires of me. But mostly, I hate tipping because I believe I would be in a better place if pay decisions regarding employees were simply left up to their employers, as is the custom in virtually every other industry.Most of you probably think that you hate tipping, too. Research suggests otherwise. You actually love tipping! You like to feel that you have a voice in how much money your server makes. No matter how the math works out, you persistently view restaurants with voluntary tipping systems as being a better value, which makes it extremely difficult for restaurants and bars to do away with the tipping system.One argument that you tend to hear a lot from the pro-tipping crowd seems logical enough: the service is better when waiters depend on tips, presumably because they see a benefit to successfully veiling their contempt for you. Well, if this were true, we would all be slipping a few 100-dollar bills to our doctors on the way out their doors, too. But as it turns out, waiters see only a tiny bump in tips when they do an exceptional job compared to a passable one. Waiters, keen observers of humanity that they are, are catching on to this; in one poll, a full 30% said they didn’t believe the job they did had any impact on the tips they received.So come on, folks: get on board with ditching the outdated tip system. Pay a little more up-front for your beer or burger. Support Bill Perry’s pub, and any other bar or restaurant that doesn’t ask you to do drunken math.46.What can we learn about Bill Perry from the passage?A)He runs a pub that serves excellent beer.B)He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.C) He gives his staff a considerable sum for tips.D) He lives comfortably without getting any tips.【答案】B47.What is the main reason why the author hates tipping?A)It sets a bad example for other industries.B)It adds to the burden of ordinary customers.C) It forces the customer to compensate the waiter.D) It poses a great challenge for customers to do math.【答案】C48.Why do many people love tipping according to the author?A)They help improve the quality of the restaurants they dine in.B)They believe waiters deserve such rewards for good service.C)They want to preserve a wonderful tradition of the industry.D)They can have some say in how much their servers earn.【答案】D49.What have some waiters come to realize according to a survey?A)Service quality has little effect on tip size.B)It is in human nature to try to save on tips.C) Tips make it more difficult to please customers.D) Tips benefit the boss rather than the employees.【答案】A50.What does the author argue for in the passage?A)Restaurants should calculate the tips for customers.B)Customers should pay more tips to help improve service.C)Waiters deserve better than just relying on tips for a living.D)Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.【答案】DPassage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.In the past, falling oil prices have given a boost to the world economy, but recent forecasts for global growth have been toned down, even as oil prices sink lower and lower. Does that mean the link between lower oil prices and growth has weakened?Some experts say there are still good reasons to believe cheap oil should heat up the world economy. Consumers have more money in their pockets when they’re paying less at the pump. They spend that money on other things, which stimulates the economy.The biggest gains go to countries that import most of their oil like China, Japan, and India. But doesn’t the extra money in the pockets of those countries, consumers mean an equal loss in oil-producing countries, cancelling out the gains? Not necessarily, says economic researcher Sara Johnson. “Many oil producers built up huge reserve funds when prices were high, so when prices fall they will draw on their reserves to support government spending and subsidies (补贴)for their consumers.”But not all oil producers have big reserves. In Venezuela, collapsing oil prices have sent its economy into free-fall.Economist Carl Weinberg believes the negative effects of plunging oil prices are overwhelming the positive effects of cheaper oil. The implication is a sharp decline in global trade, which has plunged partly because oil- producing nations can’t afford to import as much as they used to.Sara Johnson acknowledges that the global economic benefit from a fall in oil prices today is likely lower than it was in the past. One reason is that more countries are big oil producers now, so the nations suffering from the prices drop account for a larger share of the global economy.Consumers, in the U.S. at least, are acting cautiously with the savings they’re getting at the gas pump, as the memory of the recent great recession is still fresh in their mind. And a number of oil-producing countries are trimming their gasoline subsidies and raising taxes, so the net savings for global consumers is not as big as the oil price plunge might suggest.51.What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?A)The reasons behind the plunge of oil prices.B)Possible ways to stimulate the global economy.C)The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.D)The effect of falling oil prices on consumer spending.【答案】C52.Why do some experts believe cheap oil will stimulate the global economy?A)Manufacturers can produce consumer goods at a much lower cost.B)Lower oil prices have always given a big boost to the global economy.C)Oil prices may rise or fall but economic laws are not subject to change.D)Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities.【答案】D53.What happens in many oil-exporting countries when oil prices go down?A)They suspend import of necessities from overseas.B)They reduce production drastically to boost oil prices.C)They use their money reserves to back up consumption.D)They try to stop their economy from going into free-fall.【答案】C54.How does Carl Weinberg view the current oil price plunge?A)It is one that has seen no parallel in economic history.B)Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.C)It still has a chance to give rise to a boom in the global economy.D)Its effects on the global economy go against existing economic laws.【答案】B55.Why haven’t falling oil prices boosted the global economy as they did before?A)People are not spending all the money they save on gas.B)The global economy is likely to undergo another recession.C)Oil importers account for a larger portion of the global economy.D)People the world over are afraid of a further plunge in oil prices.【答案】APart IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国文化中，红色通常象征着好运、长寿和幸福。
精品2016年12月英语四级真题及答案解析(三套完整版)
2016年12月英语四级真题及答案解析（三套完整版）【导语】以下是老师整理的2016年12月英语四级真题及答案解析（三套完整版），希望对大家备考有所帮助。
【作文】innovation创新Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on innovation. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourageinnovation/creation/invention. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考范文：In today's highly competitive world, innovationmatters enormously to an organization or a country. It is the driving force behind increased competitiveness.Take growing a successful business as an example. In this day and age, social media are gaining popularity among the general public. A company that only relieson traditional media doing its marketing is morelikely to get eliminated in the digital era. Put in another way, a company with its focus on social media to boost its brand recognition stands a better chance of standing out from the crowd. Clearly, innovation is a vital contributing factor to business success.What can be done to encourage innovation? To name only a few: Above all, a business or a country shouldstrive to build a corporate culture or a socialclimate that values innovation. Second, anyone who participates in the innovation process should be rewarded. Third, we are in urgent need of an education system that stresses innovation over mechanical learning.Simply put, innovation is an important force that pushes our society forward.creation创造Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on creation. Your essay should include the importance of innovation and measures to be taken to encourage innovation/creation/invention. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考范文：It is universally acknowledged that innovation refers to being creative, unique and different. In fact, today it is impossibly difficult for us to image a21st century without innovation.We should place a high value on innovation firstly because innovative spirit can enable an individual to ameliorate himself, so he can be equipped with capacity to see what others cannot see, be qualified for future career promotion, and be ready for meetingthe forthcoming challenges. What’s more, we ought to attach importance to the role played by innovation in economic advancement. Put it another way, in thisever-changing world, innovation to economic growth is what water is to fish. To sum up, if innovation misses our attention in any possible way, we will suffer a great loss beyond imagination.In order to encourage innovation, it is wise for us to take some feasible measures. For example, mass media should greatly publicize the significance of creative spirit and encourage the public to cultivate awareness of innovation. Besides, those who manage to innovate should be awarded generous prize. Though there is a long way ahead to go, I am firmly certain that the shared efforts will be paid off.【参考译文】众所周知创新意味着有创造力，独一无二和不同。
12月四级考试真题答案3套全
12月四级考试真题答案3套全2016年12月四级考试真题答案（3套全）2016年12月份的四六级考试已经告一段落，为了方便大家查询答案，评估自己的.考试成绩，做考试后的总结。
店铺为大家整理了英语四级真题参考答案，供大家参考!第一套英语四级真题参考答案Part Ⅰ WritingFinding A Job FirstCollege students’options upon graduation vary from person to person. Some students choose to hunt for a job while others prefer to start their own businesses. As for me, I would rather find a job first.The reasons for my decision are as follows. For one thing, it is much easier for me to find a job compared with starting a business which demands fund, experience, and the market. As a green hand who has just graduated from college, it’s totally beyond my ability to handle such a complex situation. For another, working for others could develop my personalities such as perseverance and stress tolerance, which can help me become more prepared and qualified if I would like to start my own business.To conclude, chances always favor those who are prepared. And I don’t think a person could really “build up from nothing”. As a result, I will find a job first after graduation.Part Ⅱ Listening ComprehensionSection A1 A) It was dangerous to live in.2 B) A storm.3 B) They were trapped in an underground elevator.4 C) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.5 D) Close some of its post offices.6 C) Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.7 A) Many post office staff will lose their jobs.Section B8 D) He will lose part of his pay.9 B) He is a trustworthy guy.10 D) She is better at handling such matters.11 C) He is always trying to stir up trouble.12 D) Reserved.13 A) They stay quiet.14 C) She was never invited to a colleague’s home.15 B) Houses provide more privacy.Section C16 D) They will automatically be given hiring priority.17 C) Visit the school careers service.18 B) Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.19 C) It may be sold at a higher price.20 A) It is healthier than green tea.21 D) It does not have a stable market.22 B) They prefer unique objects of high quality.23 B) They could only try to create at night.24 A) Make wise choices.25 A) To boost the local economy.Part Ⅲ Reading ComprehensionSection A26 K) rarely27 O) tortured28 J) minimal29 D) determine30 G) inadequate31 B) creates32 E) direction33 M) strengthen34 L) shelters35 C) criticallySection B36 C) It might mean monitoring employee productivity on a digital leaderboard and offering prizes to the winners, or giving employees digital badges or stars for completing certain activities.37 J) Gamification is “not a magic bullet,” Werbach warns.38 G) ]Some people, Werbach says, are motivated by competition.39 D) The concept of gamification is not entirely new, Werbach says.40 K) Still, gamification only stands to become more popular, he says, “as more and more people come into the workforce who are familiar with the structures and expressions of digital games.”41 E) But the word “gamification” and the widespread, conscious application of the concept only began in earnest about five years ago, Werbach says.42 B) Increasingly, companies are tapping into these desires directly through what has come to be known as “gamification”: essentially, turning work into a game.43 H) Gamification does not have to be digital. Monica Cornetti runs a company that gamifies employee trainings.44 F) A number of companies have sprung up—GamEffective, Bunchball and Badgeville, to name a few—in recent yearsoffering gamification platforms for businesses.45 I) Some people do not take naturally to gamified work environments, Cornetti says.Section C46 C) They are over-burdened with administrative staff.47 A) Good classroom teachers.48 D) They are much bigger than is desirable.49 A) It requires talent and practice.50 B) Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way.51 D) It may be a pleasant way for kids to reduce their food intake.52 D) Most kids and adults would choose a smaller meal that came with a non-food item.53 B) Adults chose the smaller portion on the mere promise of a future award.54 A) The emotional component of the prizes is at work.55 D) More studies are needed to find out the impact of emotion on behavior.Part Ⅳ TranslationThe color of red in Chinese culture usually symbolizes good luck，longevity, and happiness. Red can be found everywhere during Chinese Spring Festival and other joyous occasions. Cashes are often put in red envelopes and sent to family members or close friends as gifts. The popularity of red in China can also be attributed to the fact that people associate it with the Chinese Revolution and the Communist Party. However, red does not signify good luck and joy all the time in that the name of the dead used to be written in red. Thus it is regarded as an offense to write the names of Chinese people in red ink.。
2016年12月大学英语四级听力试题及答案
Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 2 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) It was dangerous to live in. C) He could no longer pay the rent.B) It was going to be renovated. D) He had sold it to the royal family.2. A) A strike. C) A forest fire.B) A storm. D) A terrorist attack.Questions 3 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.3. A) They lost contact with the emergency department.B) They were trapped in an underground elevator.C) They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.D) They sent calls for help via a portable radio.4. A) They tried hard to repair the elevator.B) They released the details of the accident.C) They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.D) They provided the miners with food and water.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) Raise postage rates.B) Improve its services.C) Redesign delivery routes.D) Close some of its post offices.6. A) Shortening business hours.B) Closing offices on holidays.C) Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.D) Computerizing mail sorting processes.7. A) Many post office staff will lose their jobs.B) Many people will begin to complain.C) Taxpayers will be very pleased.D) A lot of controversy will arise.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation you will hear four questions. Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) He will be kept from promotion. B) He will go through retraining.C) He will be given a warning. D) He will lose part of his pay.9. A) He is always on time.B) He is a trustworthy guy.C) He is an experienced press operator.D) He is on good terms with his workmates.10. A) She is a trade union representative.B) She is in charge of public relations.C) She is a senior manager of the shop.D) She is better at handling such matters.11. A) He is skilled and experienced.B) He is very close to the manager.C) He is always trying to stir up trouble.D) He is always complaining about low wages.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Open. B) Selfish.C) Friendly. D) Reserved.13. A) They stay quiet.B) They read a book.C) They talk about the weather.D) They chat with fellow passengers.14. A) She was always treated as a foreigner.B) She was eager to visit an English castle.C) She was never invited to a colleague’s home.D) She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.15. A) Houses are much more quiet.B) Houses provide more privacy.C) They want to have more space.D) They want a garden of their own.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.16. A) They don’t have much choice of jobs.B) They are likely to get much higher pay.C) They don’t have to go through job interviews.D) They will automatically be given hiring priority.17. A) Ask their professors for help.B) Look at school bulletin boards.C) Visit the school careers service.D) Go through campus newspapers.18. A) Helping students find the books and journals they need.B) Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.C) Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.D) Providing students with information about the library.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) It tastes better.B) It is easier to grow.C) It may be sold at a higher price.D) It can better survive extreme weathers.20. A) It is healthier than green tea.B) It can grow in drier soil.C) It will replace green tea one day.D) It is immune to various diseases.21. A) It has been well received by many tea drinkers.B) It does not bring the promised health benefits.C) It has made tea farmers’life easier.D) It does not have a stable market.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. A) They need decorations to show their status.B) They prefer unique objects of high quality.C) They decorate their homes themselves.D) They care more about environment.23. A) They were proud of their creations.B) They could only try to create at night.C) They made great contributions to society.D) They focused on the quality of their products.24. A) Make wise choices.B) Identify fake crafts.C) Design handicrafts themselves.D) Learn the importance of creation.25. A) To boost the local economy.B) To attract foreign investments.C) To arouse public interest in crafts.D) To preserve the traditional culture.1. [A] It was dangerous to live in.2. [B] A storm3. [B] They were trapped in an underground elevator.4. [C] They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.5. [D] Close some of its post office.6. [C] Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.7. [A] Many post office staff will lose their jobs.Section B8. [D] He will lose part of his pay.9. [B] He is a trustworthy guy.10.[D] She is better at handling such matters.11.[C] He is always trying to stir up trouble.12. [D] Reserved13. [A] They stay quiet14. [C] She was never invited to a colleague’s home.15. [B] Houses provide more privacySection C16. [D] They will automatically be given hiring priority.17. [C] Visit the school careers service.18. [B] Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.19. [C] It may be sold at a higher price.20. [A] It is healthier than green tee.21. [D] It does not have a stable market.22. [B] They prefer unique s of high quality.23. [B] They could only try to create at night.24. [A] Make wise choices.25. [A] To boost the local economy.。
2016年12月英语四级参考答案公布
外教一对一2016年12月英语四级参考答案公布听力参考答案Section A1. [A] It was dangerous to live in.2. [B] A storm3. [B] They were trapped in an underground elevator.4. [C] They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.5. [D] Close some of its post office.6. [C] Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.7. [A] Many post office staff will lose their jobs.Section B8. [D] He will lose part of his pay.9. [B] He is a trustworthy guy.10.[D] She is better at handling such matters.11.[C] He is always trying to stir up trouble.12. [D] Reserved13. [A] They stay quiet14. [C] She was never invited to a colleague’s home.15. [B] Houses provide more privacySection C16. [D] They will automatically be given hiring priority.17. [C] Visit the school careers service.外教一对一 18. [B] Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.19. [C] It may be sold at a higher price.20. [A] It is healthier than green tee.21. [D] It does not have a stable market.22. [B] They prefer unique s of high quality.23. [B] They could only try to create at night.24. [A] Make wise choices.25. [A] To boost the local economy.阅读参考答案Section A26. [E] challenges27. [J] searched28. [D] categorizing29. [K] similarities30. [L] slightly31. [G] percentage32. [O] traditional33. [ I ] regardless34. [H] proving35. [M] suggestsSection B36. [I]外教一对一 37. [D]38. [J]39. [F]40. [B]41. [H]42. [C]43. [K]44. [G]45. [E]Section Cpassage one46. [B] He intends to get rid of the tipping practice.47. [C] It forces the customer to comensate the waiter.48. [D] They can have some say in how much their servers earn.49. [A] Services quality has little effect on tip size.50. [D] Waiters should be paid by employers instead of customers.passage two51. [C] The impact of cheap oil on global economic growth.52. [D] Consumers will spend their savings from cheap oil on other commodities.53. [C] They use their money reserves to back up consumption.54. [B] Its negative effects more than cancel out its positive effects.55. [A] People are not spending all the money they save on gas.外教一对一翻译参考答案卷一：红色参考译文：The color of red in Chinese culture usually means good luck, longevity and happiness. Red can be found everywhere during Chinese Spring Festival and other joyous occasions. Cashes often in red envelopes are sent to family members or close friends as gifts. Its popularity can also be attributed the fact that people accociate it with Chinese revolution and Communist Party. However, it does not always equal to good luck and joy in that the name of the dead used to be written in red. Using red ink to write names of Chinese people were seen as an offense.卷二卷三：白色参考范文：With China’s reform and opening up, many young people tend to hold Western-style weddings these days. The bride wears a white wedding dress at the wedding, because white is considered as a symbol of purity. However, in traditional Chinese culture, white is often used in funerals, so be sure to remember that white flowers must not be used as a gift to the patient, especially not to the seniors or critically illed patients. Similarly, the cash gift cannot be packed in a white envelope, but in a red envelope.作文参考答案第一套：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation. One is to find a job somewhere and the other to start a business of your own. You are to make a decision. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your decision. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.精彩范文：In the past two years of my college life, I have never ceased to think what kind of work I shall take up upon graduation. Although my ideas are not consistent, I have now decided to start a business of my own as my lifelong career.A variety of factors have led me to make this decision over other more lucrative ones. To begin with, running my own business means freedom and independence. As a person having my own business, I am free to use my own ideas and make my own decisions, a privilege not everyone can have, even those with highly-paid positions. More importantly, I like starting my own business in that it offers a certain peace of mind. No more rushing to catch a morning bus, no more anxiety to please a boss, no more worries about your paycheck which is steady, if not handsome.Nothing, not even a big salary, can equal for the satisfaction of being your own boss and a gentle peace of life.第二套：外教一对一Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation. One is to work in a state-owned business and the other in a joint venture. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.参考范文：Upon graduation, virtually all college students will confront the problem of the career choice，which is truly a tough choice. Students' opinions differ greatly on this issue. Some hold that priority should be given to start a business of your own, but others take the attitude that finding a job is the best choice influencing their future.As to myself, I prefer the latter view. An opportunity to start a business exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people, with no exception to me. In my view, With the competition in the job market becoming increasingly fierce for college graduates， some ambitious students have tried their hands at launching their own businesses. Over the years，there have been many successful cases of student entrepreneurship and such attempts should be encouraged and promoted by both the universities and the society at large. What’s more ,College students who start businesses are pioneers，among whom will be born China’s future business leaders. Faced with unknown challenge s， they are audacious enough to embark on a perilous journey while most of their peers enjoy stable salaries by working as white-collars at high-end office buildings.All in all, the essential difference between the students who find a job or those students who create their own businesses is that the former are docile followers whereas the latter are aggressive trailblazers. For this reason， business-launching college graduates are more admirable， and thus they command our deep respect.第三套：Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay.Suppose you have two options upon graduation. One is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduate school. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.参考范文：Upon graduation, virtually all college students will confront the problem of the career choice，which is truly a tough choice. Students' opinions differ greatly on this issue. Some hold that priority should be given to take a job, but others take the attitude that going to a graduate school is the most critical factor influencing their future career choices.As to myself, I prefer the latter view. A higher educational background exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people, with no exception to me. This phenomenon that the graduates have difficulties in finding job after their graduation can easily be found anywhere in our daily life, especially on campus. On the one hand, with the improved high education of Chinese college students which directly brought the result that there are more and more graduates every year. On the contrary, job vacancies don’t increase that fast. More people, less food, which is the exact deion of the hard condition. On the other hand, more and more people go on to pursue their master and doctor degree; more and more Chinese oversea students come back to China to hunt better working chances. It is sure that the competition is more and more fierce.外教一对一Therefore, it is high time that we took effective measures to improve our own competitiveness. That is the secret of success in the future employment market after our graduation.。
12月英语四级模拟试题及答案
12月英语四级模拟试题及答案2016年12月英语四级模拟试题及答案2016年12月英语四六级考试还有不到两个月的时间，童鞋们备考进行的怎么样了呢?以下是yjbys网店铺整理的关于英语四级模拟试题及答案，供大家备考。
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B) ,C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:It is simple enough to say that since books have classes fiction, biography, poetry—we should separate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it shall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice(同谋). If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible finess(委婉之处), from the twist and turn of the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon youwill find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite. The thirty two chapters of anovel—if we consider how to read a novel first—are an attempt to make something as formed and controlled as a building but words are more impalpable than bricks, reading is a longer and more complicated process than seeing. Perhaps the quickest way to understand the elements of what a novelist is doing is not to read, but to write; to make your own experiment with the dangers and difficulties of words. Recall, then, some event that has left a distinct impression on you—how at the corner of the street, perhaps, you passed two people talking. A tree shook; an electric light danced; the tone of the talk was comic, but also tragic; a whole vision, an entire conception, seemed contained in that moment.21.What does the author mean by saying “Yet few people ask from books what books can give us.”?A.The author means that lots of people read few books.B.The author thinks that readers have only absorbed part of knowledge in books.C.The author holds that few people have a proper idea about what content some kind of books should include.D.The author considers that readers can scarcely understand most of the books.22.According to the passage, which of the following statement is right?A.A reader should find some mistakes when he is reading.B.The more difficult a book is, the more you can get from it.C.To read something is easier than to watch something.D.One should be in the same track with the writer when he is reading.23.What is the possible meaning of “impalpable” (Paragraph 2) in the passage?A.Clear.B.Elusive.C.Delicate.D.Precise.24.What’s the main idea of this passage?A.The importance of reading.B.The proper way to read.C.How to get most from one book.D.The characters of a good book.25.When a writer is writing he often get the whole conception ____.A.a fter a long time’s thinkingB.through an instant inspirationC.according to his own experienceD.by way of watching the objects attentivelyQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:According to the dictionary definition of “create”, ordinary people are creative every day. To create means “to bring into being, to cause to exist”—something each of us does daily.We are creative whenever we look at or think about something in a new way. First this involves an awareness of our surroundings. It means using all of our sese to become aware of our world. This may be as simple as being aware of color and texture, as well as taste, when we plan a meal. Above all, it is the ability to notice things that others might miss.A second part of creativity is an ability to see relationships among things. I f we believe the expression, “There is nothing new under the sun,” the creativ ity is remaking or recombining the old in new ways. For example, we might do this by finding a more effective way to study or a better way to arrange our furniture, or we might make a new combination of camera lenses and filters to cr eate an unusual photograph.A third part of creativity is the courage and drive to make use of our new ide as, to apply them to achieve some new results. To think up a new concept is one thing; to put the idea to work is another.These three parts of creativity are involved in all the great works of genius, but they are also involved in many of our day to day activities.26.Which of the following activities is NOT a creative one according to t he passage?A.To prepare a meal.B.To arrange the furniture in a peculiar way.C.To buy some books from a bookstore.D.To “write” a letter with the computer.27.The author holds that ____.A.creativity is of highly demandB.creativity is connected with a deep insight to some extentC.creativity is to create something new and concreteD.to practise and practise is the only way to cultivate one’s creativity28.“There is nothing new under the sun.” (Par.3) really implies that ____.A.we can seldom create new thingsB.a new thing is only a taleC.a new thing can only be created at the basis of original thingsD.we can scarcely see really new things in the world29.What does the author think about the relationship between a new though t and its being put into practice?A.It’s more difficult to create a new thought than to apply it in practice.B.To find a new thought will definitely lead to the production of a new thing.C.One may come up with a new thought, but can not put it into practice.D.A man with an excellent ability of practice can easily become an inventor.30.The best title for this passage is ____.A.How to Cultivate One’s CreativityB.What is CreativityC.The Importance of CreativityD.Creativity—a Not Farway ThingQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:When I was studying at Yale, some phenomena puzzled me greatly. I found that Chinese students or Asian students were very polite in class while American students often interrupted the professor, asking questions and dominating the discussion. The Chinese students were not as aggressive as American students.I was impressed by the role of the professor in the seminar(讨论会). The professor didn’t act as an authority, giving final conclusions, but as a reseac her looking for answers to questions together with the students. One lingui stic(语言的) feature of his interacting with his students was that he used many modal(情态的) verbs—far more than I did in Beiwai. When answering questions, he usually said, “This i s my personal opinion and it could be wrong.” or “You could be right, but you might find this point of view also interesting.”In China, authorities are always supposed to give wise decisions and correct di rections. Therefore, students always expect the professor to give an answer to th e question. I still remember how frustrated they were when foreign teachers did not provide such an answer. Their expectations from authoritiesare much higher than that of American students. Once the Chinese students got the answer, they w ere sure about it.Education in China is valued for united thinking. I remember American teachers who taught in our university complaining about the fact that Chinese students u niformly expressed the same idea in their English composition. The examinations in America usually do not test a student’s ability to memorize the material but his ability to analyze and solve problems. Education in America is valued not on ly as a means to obtain employment but as a process of enhancing critical thinking.31.In the USA, when the students are in class, ____.A.a Chinese student tends to be very activeB.an American student likes to make troubleC.a Chinese student likes to puzzle the teacherD.an American student tends to be vigorous32.A teacher in the USA prefers to ____ when he answers questions.A.be very sincereB.be very directC.be very self confidentD.be very indifferent33.What is the opinion of the author concerning the difference of teachin g methods between China and the USA?A.He thinks that Chinese teaching metods can make students learn more.B.He holds that the major purpose of Chinese teaching methods is to impro ve students’ remembrance.C.He thinks that American teaching is ability oriented.D.He holds that American teachers hate to give a test.34.The author thinks that the relationship between the student and the te acher is ____.A.more intimate in ChinaB.closer in ChinaC.looser in USAD.more harmonious in USA35.The education in USA may produce some ____ graduates.A.talkativeB.conventionalC.creativeD.imaginativeQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:On line courses (also called distance learning) are a hot new trend in American education. According to the nonprofit Distance Education and Training Council, about 400 US colleges and schools offer some portion of their programs on the We b. At the university level, they cost the same as traditional classes and requir e similar weekly assignments and textbook reading, the difference is in class pa rticipation.Generally speaking, students congregate(使聚集) on line throughout each week to explore topic with the professor, but these discussions occur “asynchronousl y(不同时发生地)” rather than in real time. (You read others’ comments and post your own whenever you get a chance.) Written assignments are posted, you e mail in your work periodically, and you’re required to take a proctored exam in order to receive degree credit. Career boosting business administration and information technology programs are the most popular, but you’ll also find a variety of literal arts offerings, from film theory to medieval history and foreign lang uage study. While you still can’t get an Ivy League degree on line, a growing number of elite(卓越的) institutions, including Stanford and New York Univer sity are beginning to offer on line courses.The benefits for busy people are obvious. “I always get a front row seat,” says one student studying at the State University of New York Learning Network. “I can get up in the middle of class, grab a cup of coffee. The class is waiting for me when I get back, and I haven’t missed a thing.” On the other hand, somestudents miss the face to face interaction that often sparks interest and involvement.36.Generally speaking, on line education costs ____.A.more than the traditional oneB.less than the traditional oneC.as much as the traditional oneD.the author hasn’t mentioned37.The major way to hand out assignments of on line students is ____.A.to hand out them in personB.to post themC.to email in themD.to let the teacher enter into their personal main pages38.Which kind of program is probably NOT welcomed by most of the students?A.Software development.B.Decoration and design.C.International trade.pany management.39.The closest meaning of “Ivy League” (Par. 2) ____.A.famous universities in USAB.famous business colleges in USAC.famous companies in USAD.universities with a long history40.It is implied that in USA ____.A.on line education will take the place of the traditional one soonB.there are only a few on line programs until nowC.one need not take part in the exam in order to receive a diploma by way of on line educationD.one can not receive a degree certificate of New York University through distant learning。
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2016年12月大学英语四级考试模拟试卷及答案(21)Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Some radio singals were heard in 1967.They were coming from a point in the sky where there was unknown star.They were coming very regularly,too:about once a second,if they were controlled by clock.The scientists who heard the signals did not tell anybody else.They were rather afraid to tell in case they frightened people.The signals were coming from a very small body―no bigger,perhaps than the earth.Was that why no light could be seen from it?Or were the signals coming from a planet that belonged to someother star?There was no end to the questions,but the scientists kept the news secret.“Perhaps there are intelligent beings out there.”they thought,“who are trying to send messages to other planets,or to us?So the news was not given to the newspaper.Instead,the scientists studied the signals and searched for others like them...Well,all that happened in 1967 and1968.Since then scientists have learnt more about those strange,regular,radio signals.And they have told the story,of course.The signals do not come from a planet;they come from a new kind of star called a “pulsar””.About a hundred other pulsars have now been found,and most of them are very like the first one.Pulsars are strong radio stars.They are the smallest but the heaviest stars we know at present.A handful of pulsar would weigh a few thousandtons.Their light―if they give much light―is too small for us to see.But we can be sure of this,no intelligent beings are living on them.21. The radio signals discussed in thispassage____.A.were regularB.were controlled by a clock答案1短文大意1967年人类收到了一些太空信号。
这些信号来自太空中的某一恒星领域，它们极有规律，难道这是外星人向地球或我们发收的信号?为了不致在人们当中造成恐慌，科学家们一直保守着这个秘密，并且一直对它们进行研究。
如今，当然一切都真相大白。
原来这些信号都来自一种叫脉冲星的恒星，它们的密度极大连光线也难以逃逸。
但有一点可以确定，上面没有智能生命存在。
21. 答案A。
【参考译文】文中讨论到的电磁信号……【试题分析】此题考查考生“辨认事实”的能力。
【详细解答】见原文第一段，“They were coming very regularly,too.”他们同样非常有规律，与 A)项同意。
B)were controlled by a clock.由时钟控制，原文前面有一表示“似乎的”连词 if。
C)，D)根据下文判断都不正确。
22. 答案C。
【参考译文】这些电磁信号来自于……【试题分析】此题考查考生“根据已知信息进行推断”的能力。
【详细解答】见原文第三段“...they come from a new kind of star called a “pulsar””他们来自一种叫脉冲星的新型恒星。
A) a satellite卫星，B)a planet行星，D)当时未知的智能生命。
23. 答案C。
【参考译文】科学家们没有把有关电磁信号的事情告诉人们是因为……【试题分析】此题考查考生“理解文章中某些细节”的能力。
ぁ鞠晗附獯稹见原文第二段开头“ The scientists who heard the singals did not tell anybody else.They were rather afraid to tell in case they frightened people.”听到该信号的科学家未告诉别人，他们害怕这样会惊吓了老百姓。
因此选择 C。
24. 答案A。
【参考译文】脉冲星是……【试题分析】此题考查考生“辨认事实”的能力。
【详细解答】见原文第四段，实际由“star”这个单词就可排除B)，C)和D)选项。
25. 答案D。
【参考译文】以下说法，哪一个是正确的?【试题分析】此题考查考生“根据已知信息进行推理”的能力。
【详细解答】见原文第三段最后一句“About a hundred other pulsars have now been found...”因此D)项正确，其他各项均与原文意思不符。
2短文大意本文主要讨论的是沙漠扩张的问题。
人们赖以生存的降雨及植被在不断减少，地球上 40%的土地已成了沙漠或已沙漠化，1/7的人口生活在干旱地区，以及现代生活造成的一些问题使人类生存日益受到沙漠扩张的威胁。
虽然科学家还未能彻底了解沙漠问题，但是一些保护土地的措施已被采用，人们在与沙漠抗争。
26. 答案A。
【参考译文】本文主要谈论的是什么?【试题分析】此题考查考生“把握文章主旨及大意”的能力。
【详细解答】全文主要阐述了沙漠扩散带来的水源缺乏的问题，以及人们采取的措施。
A)符合该中心思想;B)，C)和D)虽在文中提到过但作为主要思想，过于片面。
27. 答案C。
【参考译文】 1/7指的是……【试题分析】此题考查考生“理解文章中某些细节”的能力。
【详细解答】见原文第一段第三句“ About 628million people -one out of seven-live in these dry regions.”大约628，000，000(约为1/7)的人住在这些干旱地区。
C)项符合所指代的内容，为正确答案。
28. 答案C。
【参考译文】在第二段中，“他们被送往南方的绿草地”，他们指的是……【试题分析】此题考查考生“理解文章中某些细节”的能力。
【详细解答】见原文最后一句“ Some Sahel farmers still raise cattle on their poor farm land,but before the cattle are sold,they are taken to greener lands in the south to get fat”一些Sahel农民在他们贫瘠的农场上仍然饲养着牛群，但在把他们卖出之前，往往要送到南方多草的土地上以增肥。
they指代前面的the cattle。
因此C为正确选项。
29. 答案D。
【参考译文】文中描述了几种保护土地的创意?【试题分析】此题考查考生“根据已知信息进行推断”的能力。
【详细解答】见原文第二段“...but there have been many ideas for saving the land.”但已有了许多保护土地的创意。
以下各句即为例证，确定其数目为 3，因此D为正确选项。
30. 答案A。
【参考译文】根据短文，以下说法，哪个是正确的?【试题分析】此题考查考生“辨认事实”的能力。
【详细解答】见原文第一段最后一句“Now largely through problems caused by modern life,their existence is threatened by the slow,steady spread of the earth's deserts.”现在由于现代生活产生的一些问题，他们生存日益受到地球沙漠逐步缓慢扩散的威胁。
因此A为正确选择。
B)中正确数目应为one out of seven,C)应是modern problems，D)文中未提及。
C.were heard in 1967 onlyD.were secret messages22. The radio singals were sent by____.A.a satelliteB.a planetC.a sky body which was unknown at that timeD.intelligent beings who were unknown at that time23. The scientists did not tell people about the signals because____.A.the singals stood for secret messagesB.people would ask them too many questionsC.they did not want to frighten peopleD.they stood for unimportant messages24. A pulsar is____.A. a small heavy star which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seenB. a small heavy planet which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seenC. a small heavy satellite which sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seenD. a small intelligent being who sends out strong radio signals and cannot be seen25. Which of the following is true?A.One of the pulsars found by scientists sends radio signals.B.Pulsar began to send radio singals in 1967.C.Scientists have searched for pulsars for many years but found none.D.Scientists have found many pulsars since 1967.Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Over vast areas of every continent,the rainfall and vegetation necessary for life aredisappearing.Already more than 40 percent of the earth's land is desert or desertlike.About 628 million people―one out of seven―live in these dry regions.In the past,they have managed to survive,but with difficulty.[ZZ(Z]Now largely through problemscaused by modern life,their existence is threatened by the slow,steady spread of the earth's deserts.Scientists still do not understand all the complex problems of the desert,but there have been many ideas for saving the land.Sandi Arabia has planted 10million trees to help keep the sand from taking over fertile areas.The Israelis are aga in using some of the water collection systems left by the ancient people in theNegev desert.They plan to water their orchards with the extra water.Some Sahel farmers still raise cattle on their poor farm land,but before the cattle are sold, they are taken to greener lands in the south to get fat.26. What is the article mainly concerned?A.The problem of spreading desert.B.The rainfall and vegetation in desert areas.C.The water collection systems.D.The difference between modern life and ancient life.27. “one out of seven” refers to____.A.more than a third of the lands' earthB.the percentage of the earth's land that is desert-likeC.the number of people who live in dry regionsD.a day of a week28. In paragraph 2,“they are taken to the greener lands in the south.”Theyrefers to____.A.the Sahel farm landB.the farmersC.the cattlesD.the trees29. How many ideas for saving the land are described?A.Five.B.Two.C.Four.D.Three.30. Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?A.The earth's desert are slowly spreading.B.One out of 10 people lives in dry regions.C.Their life in the desert is threatened now by traditional problems.D.New water wells can solve the problem inAfrica's desert.。