学生语法辅导1

I.动词的时态与语态

（一）一般现在时

被动态：be done

1．表示经常性的动作和状态，常与always, every day, never, often, usually, sometimes等频度副词连用；说话时人和事物的特性或状态；客观真理等。

I-------ping-pong quite well, but I haven`t had time to play since the new year.

A.will play

B. have played

C. played

D. play

2．表示计划或安排中的动作。

The train leaves for Guangzhou at 2:30 p.m.

3.在时间和条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过

去式代替过去将来时。如：

1) When he comes/came, I will/would give him the book.

2) If it is fine tomorrow, we will go to the countryside.

3) ---When will you come to see me, Dad?

---I will go to see you when you _______ the training course.

A.will have finished

B. will finish C .are finishing D. finish

（二）一般过去时was/were/did 被动态：was/were done 1．表示过去所发生的动作或状态、过去的习惯。有明显的过去时间的提示。

---You haven`t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?

---I`m sorry I _______anything about it sooner. I certainly think it`s pretty on you.

A.wasn`t saying

B. don`t say

C. won`t say

D. didn`t say

2．It’s (high) time…句型中，如It’s time you had a holiday

3．用于I wish…I’d rather… if only…suppose等结构that分句中,这为虚拟语气，主要表示主观设想，与现在的事实相反。

I wish you lived closer to us

If only he didn’t drive so fast

I’d rather you went now

Suppose they didn’t believe it, how should we convince them? (三) 1)现在进行时is doing 被动态: is being done

表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的情况。

Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _____so rapidly.

A. is changing

B. has changed

C. will have changed

D. will change

2)过去进行时was doing/ was being done，表示过去的某一时间点正在做什么

The reporter said that the UFO ________ from east to west when he saw it.

A.was traveling

B. traveled

C. had been traveling

D. was to travel 注：少量动词的现在进行时和过去进行时分别表示一般将来时和过去将来时,如go, come, leave, start, arrive, return

I am leaving for beijing tomorrow

He was leaving for beijing the next day

（四）现在完成时have done 被动态:have been done

1. 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（可能还会继续下去）的动作，发生在过去但对现在有影响, 常用于延续性动词，多和一段时间状语如since, so far, for a year, in recent years 等连用.

现在完成进行时have been doing

与现在完成时很多时候可以互换,但是完成进行体必须加for since, 完成进行体没有否定式

Who’s been eating my dinner?还有些

Who’s eaten my dinner?全吃光了

2. “ This/ It is the first/ second time that…..”句型中，从句的谓语动词常用现在完成时。

This is the third time they haven’t come for the book.

3. 表示短暂动作的动词come forget join, die, stop不能与for, since 这样的时间状语搭配使用,必须转换为一种可以持续的表状态的动词He has joined the army for three years改为He has served in the army for three years

His father has died for five years改为His father has been dead for