语言学试卷汇总考试图文稿
语言学期末考试题及答案
语言学期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究语言的科学，其主要研究对象是语言的（）。
A. 历史演变B. 社会功能C. 结构系统D. 所有选项答案：D2. 以下哪项不是语言学的分支学科？A. 语音学B. 语义学C. 心理学D. 句法学答案：C3. 语言的最小意义单位是（）。
A. 音素B. 词C. 词素D. 语素答案：A4. 语言学家索绪尔认为语言符号是由哪两个部分组成的？A. 语义和语法B. 语音和语义C. 能指和所指D. 形式和内容5. 以下哪个选项是语言的交际功能？A. 信息传递B. 表达情感C. 思考工具D. 所有选项答案：D6. 语言的音位系统是由（）决定的。
A. 社会约定B. 个人习惯C. 物理属性D. 语法规则答案：A7. 以下哪个不是语言的变异现象？A. 方言B. 社会方言C. 语言混合D. 语言的稳定性答案：D8. 语言的词汇系统包括（）。
A. 词根B. 词缀C. 词D. 所有选项答案：D9. 语言的语法系统包括（）。
B. 词法C. 音位学D. 所有选项答案：D10. 以下哪项是语言的内部因素？A. 社会因素B. 心理因素C. 语言接触D. 语言的规则性答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学研究的对象是______，研究的方法是______。
答案：语言；科学的方法2. 语言的音位系统是由______决定的，而词义系统是由______决定的。
答案：社会约定；社会约定3. 语言的最小意义单位是______，而最小的语音单位是______。
答案：语素；音素4. 索绪尔将语言符号分为两个部分：______和______。
答案：能指；所指5. 语言的交际功能包括信息传递、表达情感和______。
答案：思考工具6. 语言的变异现象包括方言、社会方言和______。
答案：语言混合7. 语言的词汇系统包括______和______。
答案：词根；词缀8. 语言的语法系统包括______和______。
英语语言学试卷精粹(10套题)
英语语言学试卷精粹(10套题)第一部分选择题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decidewhich one of the four choices best completes the statement and put theletter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for \ it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、 sociolinguistic C、 descriptive D、 psycholinguistic2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、 mouthB、 lipsC、 tongueD、 vocal cords3、The morpheme \is a(n) ___.A、 bound morphemeB、 bound formC、 inflectional morphemeD、 free morpheme4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word thatintroduces the embedded clause. A、 coordinator B、 particle C、prepositionD、 subordinator主从连词5、\ A、 is synonymous with B、 is inconsistent with C、 entailsD、 presupposes6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A、 semanticsB、 pragmaticsC、 sociolinguisticsD、psycholinguistics7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes,which are ___ or generalization泛化. A、 elaboration B、 simplification精简 C、 external borrowing D、 internal borrowing8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items andstraightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca通用语 B、 Creole C、 PidginD、 Standard language标准语言9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, inaddition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .A、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus角回B、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD、 Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner'sarea10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、 learning B、 competence C、 performance D、 acquisition 第二部分非选择题II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the followingstatements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%)11、Chomsky defines \k of the rules of his language.12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e,they are all b .13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, question or command.15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms.16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。
语言学试卷汇总考试
语言学试卷汇总考试集团公司文件内部编码：（TTT-UUTT-MMYB-URTTY-ITTLTY-Translate the following terms from English into Chinese.把下列术语翻译成中文1.duality of structure _________结构的二元性_______________2.General Linguistics ________普通语言学________________3.voiceless consonant _________清辅音_______________plementary distribution ________互补分布________________5.free morpheme ________自由词素________________6.immediate constituent ________直接成份________________ponential Analysis ________成份分析________________8.American Structuralism ________美国结构主义________________9.zero morph _________零语子_______________10.structural ambiguity _________结构歧义_______________11.productivity _________多产性 ______________12.linguistic competence __________语言能力______________13.manner of articulation _________发音方法_______________14.intonation language _________语调语言_______________15.allophone __________音位变体______________16.inflectional morpheme _________曲折语素_______________17.phrase marker __________短语标记______________18.denotation __________指示______________19.Systemic-Functional Grammar __________系统功能语法______________20.bound morpheme __________粘着语素______________21.cultural transmission __________文化传播______________22.Descriptive Linguistics __________描写语言学______________23.derivational morpheme ___________派生词素_____________24.consonant ___________辅音_____________25.tone language ___________声调语言_____________26.empty morph ___________虚语子_____________27.syntax ___________语法_____________plementary antonym ___________互补反义词_____________29.mode of discourse ____________话语方式____________30.free variation _______自有变异_________________31.displacement __________取代______________32.paradigmatic relation __________集合体关系______________33.voiced consonant __________浊辅音______________34.minimal pair __________极小对______________35.phoneme __________音位______________36.lexical ambiguity __________词法的歧义性______________37.connotation __________内涵______________nguage acquisition device __________语言习得机制______________39.constituency __________选区______________40.alien __________相异______________41.design feature __________设计特点______________42.Theoretical Linguistics __________理论语言学______________43.diphthong __________双元音______________44.contrastive distribution __________对立分布______________45.translation-loan __________借译词______________46.ultimate constituent __________主要成分______________47.relational opposite __________关系对立词______________48.genre __________类型______________49.dependency __________从属______________50.denizen __________居民______________51.arbitrariness __________任意______________52.linguistic performance ___________语言行为_____________53.vowel ___________元音_____________54.free variation ___________自由变异_____________55.derivational morpheme _________派生词素_______________56.surface structure __________表层结构______________57.mode of discourse ___________话语方式_____________58.gradable antonym __________分级反义词______________59.Innateness Hypothesis __________天赋假说______________plementary antonym __________互补反义词______________61.interchangeability _______可交换性_________________62.syntagmatic relation ________结构关系________________63.pure vowel _________纯元音_______________64.intonation language _________语调语言_______________65.bound morpheme __________粘着语素______________66.linguistic competence __________语言能力______________67.deep structure __________深层结构______________68.semantic field __________语义场_____________69.context of situation ___________情境语境_____________70.manner of articulation ___________发音方法_____________71.discreteness ___________组件_____________72.Applied Linguistics _________应用语言学_______________73.immediate constituent __________直接成分______________74.place of articulation __________发音部位______________75.phoneme ___________音位；音素_____________76.zero morph _________零语子_______________77.structural ambiguity __________结构歧义______________78.hyponymy __________上下位关系______________79.tenor of discourse ___________语旨_____________ponential Analysis __________成分分析______________Answer the following questions.回答一下问题1.What are the differences between grammatical competence and pragmaticcompetence?2.What is the difference between free morphemes and bound morphemes?Illustrate it with examples.3.What are the three syntactic relations? Illustrate them with examples.4.What does it mean to say that language is arbitrary? Illustrate it withexamples.5.What is the difference between tone languages and intonation languages?Illustrate it with examples.6.Explain the differences between inflectional affixes and derivationalaffixes in terms of both function and position.7.What does it mean to say that language is a system? Illustrate it withexamples.8.What is the difference between an empty morph and a zero morph? Illustrateit with examples.9.What are the differences between surface structure and deep structure?Illustrate them with examples.10.What does it mean to say that language is symbolic? Illustrate it withexamples.11.What is a morpheme? Illustrate the relationship between morphemes, morphs,and allomorphs with examples.12.What are the three general types of antonyms? And how do they differ fromeach other?13.What are the three sub-branches of phonetics? How do they differ from eachother?14.What does Semantic Filed Theory mainly propose? Illustrate it withexamples.15.What is the difference between segmental features and supra-segmentalfeatures? What are the supra-segmental features in English?16.What are the design features of languages?17.How does denotation differ from connotation? Illustrate their differencewith examples.18.Why do we say “absolute synonyms are rare or even non-existent”?Illustrate it with examples.19.What does it mean to say that language is dual-structured?20.What does compounding mean? Illustrate with examples the differencesbetween hyphenated compounds, solid compounds and open compounds?21.What are the essential factors for determining sentence meaning?Illustrate them with examples.22.How does a diachronic description of a language differ from a synchronicdescription of a language? Illustrate their difference with examples.23.What are the three conditions for forming a minimal pair? Illustrate itwith examples.24.What does clipping mean in morphology? Illustrate with examples thedifference between back clipping, front clipping, front and back clipping, and phrase clipping.Practical work.Write the symbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions：写对应于每一个下面语音描述的符号Example: a voiceless velar plosive [k]1) a voiced bilabial plosive __ [b] ____2) a voiceless labiodental fricative __ [f] ____3) a voiced bilabial nasal __ [ m ] ____4) a high front unrounded vowel __[ i ]___5) a voiced bilabial glide __[w]____6) a voiceless dental fricative __[θ]____7) a voiced labiodental nasal __ [?] ____8) a mid central unroudned vowel ___[ ?:] ___9) a voiced velar plosive __ /g/ ____10) a voiceless alveolar fricative _[θ:]_____11) a voiced alveolar liquid __ ____12) a mid back rounded vowel __[?:] ____13) a voiced dental fricative __[ e ] ____14) a voiceless alveo-palatal affricative __ / ? /____15) a voiced post-alveolar liquid __ /?/ ____16) a high back rounded vowel __ [u] ____17) a voiceless bilabial plosive ___[p]___18) a voiced alveolar fricative __[s]____19) a voiceless post-alveolar affricate __ [t??] ____20) a low front unrounded vowel __[a]____21) a voiceless alveo-palatal fricative __t____22) a voiced post-alveolar affricate __[z]____23) a voiceless palatal plosive __[c]____24) a mid front unrounded vowel _[ε]___25) a voiceless alveolar plosive __ [t] ____26) a voiced alveolar nasal ______27) a voiced palatal glide ______28) a low central unrounded vowel __Λ____29) a voiced alveo-palatal fricative __x____30) a voiceless dental fricative __[θ]____31) a voiced alveo-palatal affricate ______32) a low back rounded vowel _[ ?]_____Divide the following words into separate morphemes by placing a “+” between each morpheme and the next:Example: bookshelf = book + shelf1)manly = man+ly2)encourage = en+cour+age3)placement = place+ment4)agreement = agree+ment5)affixes =6)footprint = foot+print7)underestimation= under+estimation8)disapproval = dis+approval9)gentleman = gentle+man10)entertainment = enter+tain+ment11)entitle = en+title12)reread =re+read13)unfit = un+fit14)waterbed = water+bed15)disorderly = dis+order+ly16)unsuccessful = un+success+ful17)structural = structural18)sweeten = sweet+en19)marker = mark+er20)decided = decid+ed21)exciting = excit+ing22)greenhouse = green+house23)disgraceful = dis+grace+ful24)enlargement = en+large+ment25)informed =inform+ed26)amazing = amaz+ing27)advanced =advance+ed28)enrich =en+rich29)deafen =deaf+en30)undergo = un+dergo31)irregularly = ir+regular+ly32)decoded = decod+ed33)incorrect = in+correct34)undo = un+do35)weekly = week+ly36)functional =func+tion+al37)illiterate = ill+iterate38)sleepwalk = sleep+walk39)unmanly = un+man+ly40)befriended = be+friend+ed41)disobey = dis+oney42)rewrite = re+write43)yearly = year+ly44)troublesome = trouble+some45)talented = talent+ed46)lookout = look+out47)boyishness = boy+ish+ness48)disappearance = dis+appear+ance49)supervise = super+vise50)costly = cost+ly51)inspiring = inspire+ing52)prescription =pre+scrip+tion53)threaten = threat+en54)overlook = over+look55)undesirable = un+desir+able56)irreplaceable = ir+re+place+able57)eatable = eat+able58)amusement = amuse+ment59)monthly = month+ly60)generalize =generalize61)logical =logic+al62)grandfather = grand+father63)incorruptible = in+corrupt+ible64)reenactment =re+enact+mentMatch the names of linguistic figures in column A with the schools or theories or works of linguistics in column B:Column A Column B1)Saussure ( d )a. Systemic-Functional Grammar2)Halliday ( a ) b. The London School3)Firth ( b )c.Transformational-Generative Grammar4)Chomsky ( c )d. The Founder of Structuralism系统功能语法（Systemic-functional Grammar）由英国语言学家韩礼德（Halliday）伦敦学派是以长期在伦敦大学的东方与非洲研究学院教授语音学与语言学并于1944 年成为英国第一任语言学教授弗斯(Firth)为首的语言学派换-生成语法（Transformational-generative grammar，简称TG）是美国语言学家Column A Column B5)Chomsky( c )a. American Structuralism6)Bloomfield( a )b. Relational Grammar7)Lamb( b )c. Syntactic Structures8)Perlmutter and Postal( d )d. Stratificational GrammarColumn A Column B9)Chomsky ( b ) a. The Prague School10)Mathesius ( a )b. Aspects of The Theory of Syntax11)Malinowski ( d ) c. Case Grammar12)Fillmore ( c )d. Coral Gardens and Their MagicColumn A Column B13)Chomsky ( b ) a. American Structuralism14)Firth ( d ) b. The Minimalist Program15)Bloomfield ( a ) c. The DistinctiveDraw the deep structure phrase markers for the following two sentences:1)John is attending the class.2)Mary could have seen the film.3)Mary is chasing the dog.4)John could have read the book.5) Tom is eating an orange.6) Nancy could have done her homework.7)Johnson is reading a book.8)David could have finished his homework.9)David is singing a song.10)Tim could have told the truth.11)Tim is playing the piano.12)Johnson could have stolen the wallet.13)Nancy is playing the badminton.14)Mary could have seen the poster.15)George is doing his homework.16)David could have read the novel.。
语言测试 期末试卷出题及分析.ppt详述
❖ 考试对象：高一年级全体学生
❖ 考试目的：检测学生对这一学期教师所教授知识 的掌握
❖ 考试内容：高一年级上人教版英语教材
目录
1. 类别 2. 结构 3. 题型
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考试类别
❖ 根据考试用途分类：学业考试(achievement tests)
❖根据考试方式分类：间接考试(indirect tests)
考试题型 听力
阅读理解 完型填空 单词填空 改错 作文
题型10)1分/ 个，（11-20）2分/ 个，20个
词汇，语音，理解，综 合
27%，2分/个，20个 词汇量，阅读速度，阅 读理解能力
120 分钟
/15 0分
20%，1.5分/个， 20个
语法，固定搭配，词汇 ，句型，习语等
❖ 根据语言测试形式分类：综合式考试 (integrative tests)
考试类别
❖ 根据评分方式分类：包含客观考试（objective tests)和主观考试（subjective tests）
❖ 5.根据考分解释分类：标准参照考试(criterionreferenced tests)
结构
❖结构：合项
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❖ 题目：铜仁市第一中学2014-2015学年第一学期高一英
10%，1.5分/个， 10分
词汇量，短语搭配
7%,1分/个，10个 语法，固定搭配
16%，25分
书面表达能力（思想内 容，组织结构,语法 ……）
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英语语言学试卷精粹及答案
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)(总31页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--有答案的第一部分选择题41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples inEnglish for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language.英语语言学试题（2）五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.(1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.(2)He saw young men and women present.(3)They were surprised at the president's appointment.the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix two examples. re- un- anti- super- -wise -itis -ize -age英语语言学试题（3）Ⅴ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related.英语语言学试题（5）五、论述题(第41、42小题各7分，第43小题6分，共20分)41. Under what conditions will two sounds be assigned to the same phoneme42. For the following sentence, draw a tree diagram to reveal its underlying structure.The girl ate the orange.43. Study the passage taken from Shakespeare’s HAMLET below carefully and identify every difference in expression between Elizabethan and Modern English that is evident.King: Where is PoloniusHamlet: In heaven, Send thither to see.If your messenger find him not there,seek him i’ the other place yourself.But indeed, if you find him not withinthis month, you shall nose him as yougo up the stairs into the lobby.Act IV, Scene iii英语语言学试题（6）41. The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are called suprasegmental features. Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating with examples how they function in the distinction of meaning.42. Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features.英语语言学试题（7）五、论述题（每小题10分，共20分）1. Comment on the following conversation in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle:A: Where’ve you been?B: Out.2. Analyse the following words and show how many morphemes each of them contains:specialize , indisputable, individualistic, downfall, unexceptionableness, ungentlemanliness(每个语素0. 5分)英语语言学试题（8）语言学试题)do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements Support your statement with examples.the process of language perception, comprehension and production英语语言学试题（9）语言学试题及参考答案41. Explain sociological triggers for language change by giving a typical example in the history of English. 42. Explain briefly the four main individual learner factors that affect a learner's acquisition of a second language.语言学试题参考答案一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）二、1、C 2、C 3、D 4、D 5、D三、6、B 7、B 8、C 9、A 10、D四、五、二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）六、七、11、knowledge八、12、bilabial九、13、morphology十、14、sentence十一、15、complete十二、16、representatives十三、17、coinage十四、18、delete十五、19、critical十六、20、interlanguage十七、十八、三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）十九、二十、21、F二十一、Actually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on the spoken form of language than the written form fora number of reasons.二十二、二十三、22、F二十四、Voicing distinguishes meaning in English but not in Chinese.二十五、二十六、23、F二十七、The meaning of some compound words has nothing to do with the sum total of the meanings of their components, such as the compound "redcoat".二十八、二十九、24、F三十、Apart from S and C, they also refer to a word, or a phrase that performs a particular grammatical function. 三十一、三十二、25、F三十三、Dialectal synonyms can often be found not only in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but also within the variety itself. Forexample, within British English, "girl" is called "lassie" in Scottish dialect, and "liquor" is called "whishey" in Irish dialect.三十四、三十五、26、T三十六、三十七、27、T三十八、三十九、28、F四十、They have a fairly clear fairly clear functional differentiation, . one language may be used in somedomains, other language in other domains.四十一、四十二、29、F四十三、The true statement is "According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, languagedetermines speakers' perceptions and patterns their way of life"四十四、四十五、30、T四十六、四十七、四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）四十八、四十九、31、One of the major defining features of human language. Human language consists of two levels. At the lower level, there are a limited number of sounds which are meaningless while at the higher level there are anunlimited number of combinations of these sounds. It is also known as double articulation.五十、五十一、32、Linguistics that studies language over a period of time, also known as historical linguistics, study of the Chinese language since the end of the Qingdynasty up to the present.五十二、五十三、33、A way to transcribe speech sounds. The basic principle is to use one letter to indicate one sound. It is generally used in dictionaries and language teachingtextbooks.五十四、五十五、34、The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word, can be added to a noun to form an adjective.五十六、五十七、35、a rewrite rule that allows for the possible combinations of words to form phrases and sentences五十八、五十九、36、Relational opposites, a kind of antonyms, refer to pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of arelationship between the two items. For example,"husband" and "wife", "father" and "son" etc.六十、六十一、37、Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. The approach is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. For example, the word "man" isanalyzed as comprising of+HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.六十二、六十三、38、Context is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be shared by the speakerand the hearer, For example, the knowledge of thelanguage used and the knowledge of the world, including the general knowledge about the world and the specific knowledge about the situation in which linguisticcommunication is taking place.六十四、六十五、39、A euphemism is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression that replaces a taboo word or serves to avoid more direct wording that might beharsh, unpleasantly direct, or offensive, . "pass away" for "die".六十六、六十七、40、Brain lateralization refers to the localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particularhemisphere of the brain. For example, the righthemisphere processes stimuli more holistically and the left hemisphere more analytically. In most people, the left hemisphere has primary responsibility for language, while the right hemisphere controls visual and spatial skills.六十八、六十九、五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）七十、七十一、41、The inventory of sounds can change, and sound changes include changes in vowel sounds, sound loss, sound addition, and sound movement.七十二、1) Vowel sound change: English has undergone the systematic and regular change in the vowel sounds, known as the Great Vowel shift which occurred at the end of the Middle English period and which involved sevenlong, or tense vowels. These changes led to one of themajor discrepancies between the phonemicrepresentations of words and morphemes, . betweenpronunciation and the spelling system of Modern English, /fi:v/(Middle English)→ /faiv/(Modern English)七十三、2) Sound loss: Sounds can change by the loss of phonemes. In the history of English the velar fricative /x/ was lost. This sound existed in Old English, so "night" was pronounced as /nixt/, but in Modern English, itspronunciation is /nait/.七十四、3) Sound addition: Sound addition includes the gain or insertion of a sound. For example, the wordleisure was borrowed from French, so the phoneme /3/ was added to the inventory of English sounds. A changethat involves the insertion of a consonant or vowel sound to the middle of a word is known as epenthesis,七十五、4) Sound movement: Sound change as a result of sound movement known as metathesis involves a reversal in position of two adjoining sound segments. Metathesis is less common, but it does exist. In some dialects ofEnglish, for example, the word ask is pronounced /七十六、 ks/. Also, bridd ("bird") is an Old English word.When metathesis occurred to this word, the movement of /r/ sound to the right of the vowel sound resulted in its Modern English counterpart "bird".七十七、评分标准：满分为10分，总论及四小点各占2分。
语言学考试试卷
语言学考试试卷一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言的最小意义单位是：A. 词B. 音节C. 音素D. 语素2. 语言的交际功能不包括：A. 表达思想B. 传递信息C. 艺术表现D. 记忆存储3. 以下哪个不是语言的变体？A. 方言B. 行话C. 语言D. 术语4. 语言的音系学研究的是：A. 语言的音位系统B. 语言的语法规则C. 语言的词汇D. 语言的语用5. 语言的词汇学研究的是：A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的意义C. 词汇的发音D. A和B6. 以下哪个是语言的语法结构？A. 词序B. 词形变化C. 句法结构D. A、B和C7. 语言的语用学研究的是：A. 语言的语境B. 语言的交际效果C. 语言的交际策略D. A、B和C8. 以下哪个是社会语言学研究的内容？A. 语言的地域差异B. 语言的社会阶层差异C. 语言的性别差异D. A、B和C9. 语言的演化不包括：A. 语言的扩散B. 语言的简化C. 语言的复杂化D. 语言的消失10. 以下哪个是语言习得的关键期？A. 婴儿期B. 儿童期C. 青春期D. 成年期二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. 语言是一种______，它是人类用来交流思想和信息的工具。
12. 语言学中的“同音异义词”指的是发音相同但意义不同的词，例如英语中的“lead”（领导）和“lead”（铅）。
13. 语言的______是语言中最小的可以独立使用的意义单位。
14. 语言的______是指语言在不同社会群体中的使用差异。
15. 语言的______是指语言在不同地理区域中的使用差异。
三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）16. 请简述语言的交际功能。
17. 描述语言学中“语境”的概念及其重要性。
四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）18. 论述语言的音系学和音韵学的区别和联系。
19. 论述社会语言学研究的意义和应用领域。
五、案例分析题（共20分）20. 某地区有A、B两种方言，A方言的使用者主要在城市，B方言的使用者主要在农村。
大学语言学考试1-7章-试题和答案
大学语言学考试1-7章-试题和答案(总28页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--12maximal?onset?principle? states that when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant. it is put into the onset rather than the coda. . The correct syllabification of the word country should be第一章，填空1. The study of the meaning of lingustic words, phrases is called semantics.2. Displacement is a design feature of human language that enables speakers to talk about a wild range of things free from barriers caused by4. Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language.5. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be descriptive.6. Chomsky defines“competence” as the ideal user's knowledge of the rules of his language.7. Language is a means of verbal communication. It is informative in that communicating by speaking or writing is a purposeful act.8. The link between a linguistic sign and its meaning is a matter of9. Language is distinguished from traffic lights in that the former has the designing feature of duality.10. In linguistics research, both quantity and quality approaches are preferred.判断：11. The writing system of a language is always a later invention used to record speech, thus there are still many languages in today's have no .... √12. According to Chomsky, the word “competence” is not limited to the ability ofan ideal native speaker to construct and recognize.×13. Duality and cultural transmission are two most important design features ofhuman language.×14. Chomsky's competence' and performance are similar in meaning to Saussure’s langue and parole.√15,An important difference between traditional grammarians and modern linguists in their study of language is that the former tended to over-emphasize the written form of language and encourage people to imitate the“best authors”for language usage √16. In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a of reasons.√17. Modern linguistics is mainly diachronic.×chochronic共时的18. Langue and parole is the fundamental distinction discussed by Chomsky in his Aspects of the Theory ofdistinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics as Parole and language. √20. According to Chomsky, the task of a linguist is to determine from the data of performance the underlying system of rules that has been √选择:1. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyse the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for correct linguistic behavior, it is said to be descriptive2. I can refer to Confucius even though he was dead 2000 years ago. This shows that language has the design feature of displacement.3.“Don’t end a sentence with a preposition.” this is an example of prescriptive rules.4.Which of the following is most referred to as a branch of t he study of meaning in5.The synchronic study of language takes a fixed instant as its point of observation.6. The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called pragmatics.7. The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is A?没照下图片arbitrary8.The descriptive of a language as it changes through time is a diachronic study.9.题目没照下来。
语言学试卷1-8汇总(考试)
Translate the following terms from English into Chinese.把下列术语翻译成中文1.duality of structure _________结构的二元性_______________2.General Linguistics ________普通语言学________________3.voiceless consonant _________清辅音_______________plementary distribution ________互补分布________________5.free morpheme ________自由词素________________6.immediate constituent ________直接成份________________ponential Analysis ________成份分析________________8.American Structuralism ________美国结构主义________________9.zero morph _________零语子_______________10.structural ambiguity _________结构歧义_______________11.productivity _________多产性______________12.linguistic competence __________语言能力______________13.manner of articulation _________发音方法_______________14.intonation language _________语调语言_______________15.allophone __________音位变体______________16.inflectional morpheme _________曲折语素_______________17.phrase marker __________短语标记______________18.denotation __________指示______________19.Systemic-Functional Grammar __________系统功能语法______________20.bound morpheme __________粘着语素______________21.cultural transmission __________文化传播______________22.Descriptive Linguistics __________描写语言学______________23.derivational morpheme ___________派生词素_____________24.consonant ___________辅音_____________25.tone language ___________声调语言_____________26.empty morph ___________虚语子_____________27.syntax ___________语法_____________plementary antonym ___________互补反义词_____________29.mode of discourse ____________话语方式____________30.free variation _______自有变异_________________31.displacement __________取代______________32.paradigmatic relation __________集合体关系______________33.voiced consonant __________浊辅音______________34.minimal pair __________极小对______________35.phoneme __________音位______________36.lexical ambiguity __________词法的歧义性______________37.connotation __________内涵______________nguage acquisition device __________语言习得机制______________39.constituency __________选区______________40.alien __________相异______________41.design feature __________设计特点______________42.Theoretical Linguistics __________理论语言学______________43.diphthong __________双元音______________44.contrastive distribution __________对立分布______________45.translation-loan __________借译词______________46.ultimate constituent __________主要成分______________47.relational opposite __________关系对立词______________48.genre __________类型______________49.dependency __________从属______________50.denizen __________居民______________51.arbitrariness __________任意______________52.linguistic performance ___________语言行为_____________53.vowel ___________元音_____________54.free variation ___________自由变异_____________55.derivational morpheme _________派生词素_______________56.surface structure __________表层结构______________57.mode of discourse ___________话语方式_____________58.gradable antonym __________分级反义词______________59.Innateness Hypothesis __________天赋假说______________plementary antonym __________互补反义词______________61.interchangeability _______可交换性_________________62.syntagmatic relation ________结构关系________________63.pure vowel _________纯元音_______________64.intonation language _________语调语言_______________65.bound morpheme __________粘着语素______________66.linguistic competence __________语言能力______________67.deep structure __________深层结构______________68.semantic field __________语义场_____________69.context of situation ___________情境语境_____________70.manner of articulation ___________发音方法_____________71.discreteness ___________组件_____________72.Applied Linguistics _________应用语言学_______________73.immediate constituent __________直接成分______________74.place of articulation __________发音部位______________75.phoneme ___________音位；音素_____________76.zero morph _________零语子_______________77.structural ambiguity __________结构歧义______________78.hyponymy __________上下位关系______________79.tenor of discourse ___________语旨_____________ponential Analysis __________成分分析______________Answer the following questions.回答一下问题1.What are the differences between grammatical competence and pragmatic competence?2.What is the difference between free morphemes and bound morphemes? Illustrate it with examples.3.What are the three syntactic relations? Illustrate them with examples.4.What does it mean to say that language is arbitrary? Illustrate it with examples.5.What is the difference between tone languages and intonation languages? Illustrate it with examples.6.Explain the differences between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes in terms of both function and position.7.What does it mean to say that language is a system? Illustrate it with examples.8.What is the difference between an empty morph and a zero morph? Illustrate it with examples.9.What are the differences between surface structure and deep structure? Illustrate them with examples.10.What does it mean to say that language is symbolic? Illustrate it with examples.11.What is a morpheme? Illustrate the relationship between morphemes, morphs, and allomorphs with examples.12.What are the three general types of antonyms? And how do they differ from each other?13.What are the three sub-branches of phonetics? How do they differ from each other?14.What does Semantic Filed Theory mainly propose? Illustrate it with examples.15.What is the difference between segmental features and supra-segmental features? What are the supra-segmentalfeatures in English?16.What are the design features of languages?17.How does denotation differ from connotation? Illustrate their difference with examples.18.Why do we say “absolute synonyms are rare or even non-existent”? Illustrate it with examples.19.What does it mean to say that language is dual-structured?20.What does compounding mean? Illustrate with examples the differences between hyphenated compounds, solidcompounds and open compounds?21.What are the essential factors for determining sentence meaning? Illustrate them with examples.22.How does a diachronic description of a language differ from a synchronic description of a language? Illustrate theirdifference with examples.23.What are the three conditions for forming a minimal pair? Illustrate it with examples.24.What does clipping mean in morphology? Illustrate with examples the difference between back clipping, frontclipping, front and back clipping, and phrase clipping.Practical work.Write the symbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions：写对应于每一个下面语音描述的符号Example: a voiceless velar plosive [k]1) a voiced bilabial plosive __ [b] ____2) a voiceless labiodental fricative __ [f] ____3) a voiced bilabial nasal __ [ m ] ____4) a high front unrounded vowel __[ i ]___5) a voiced bilabial glide __[w]____6) a voiceless dental fricative __[θ]____7) a voiced labiodental nasal __[ŋ] ____8) a mid central unroudned vowel ___[ə:] ___9) a voiced velar plosive __ /g/ ____10) a voiceless alveolar fricative _[θ:]_____11) a voiced alveolar liquid __ ____12) a mid back rounded vowel __[ɔ:] ____13) a voiced dental fricative __[ ð ] ____14) a voiceless alveo-palatal affricative __ / ʃ /____15) a voiced post-alveolar liquid __ /ʒ/ ____16) a high back rounded vowel __ [u] ____17) a voiceless bilabial plosive ___[p]___18) a voiced alveolar fricative __[s]____19) a voiceless post-alveolar affricate __ [t̠ʃ] ____20) a low front unrounded vowel __[a]____21) a voiceless alveo-palatal fricative __t____22) a voiced post-alveolar affricate __[z]____23) a voiceless palatal plosive __[c]____24) a mid front unrounded vowel _[ε]___25) a voiceless alveolar plosive __ [t] ____26) a voiced alveolar nasal ______27) a voiced palatal glide ______28) a low central unrounded vowel __Λ____29) a voiced alveo-palatal fricative __x____30) a voiceless dental fricative __[θ]____31) a voiced alveo-palatal affricate ______32) a low back rounded vowel _[ɔ]_____Divide the following words into separate morphemes by placing a “+” between each morpheme and the next:Example: bookshelf = book + shelf1)manly = man+ly2)encourage = en+cour+age3)placement = place+ment4)agreement = agree+ment5)affixes =6)footprint = foot+print7)underestimation= under+estimation8)disapproval = dis+approval9)gentleman = gentle+man10)entertainment = enter+tain+ment11)entitle = en+title12)reread =re+read13)unfit = un+fit14)waterbed = water+bed15)disorderly = dis+order+ly16)unsuccessful = un+success+ful17)structural = structural18)sweeten = sweet+en19)marker = mark+er20)decided = decid+ed21)exciting = excit+ing22)greenhouse = green+house23)disgraceful = dis+grace+ful24)enlargement = en+large+ment25)informed =inform+ed26)amazing = amaz+ing27)advanced =advance+ed28)enrich =en+rich29)deafen =deaf+en30)undergo = un+dergo31)irregularly = ir+regular+ly32)decoded = decod+ed33)incorrect = in+correct34)undo = un+do35)weekly = week+ly36)functional =func+tion+al37)illiterate = ill+iterate38)sleepwalk = sleep+walk39)unmanly = un+man+ly40)befriended = be+friend+ed41)disobey = dis+oney42)rewrite = re+write43)yearly = year+ly44)troublesome = trouble+some45)talented = talent+ed46)lookout = look+out47)boyishness = boy+ish+ness48)disappearance = dis+appear+ance49)supervise = super+vise50)costly = cost+ly51)inspiring = inspire+ing52)prescription =pre+scrip+tion53)threaten = threat+en54)overlook = over+look55)undesirable = un+desir+able56)irreplaceable = ir+re+place+able57)eatable = eat+able58)amusement = amuse+ment59)monthly = month+ly60)generalize =generalize61)logical =logic+al62)grandfather = grand+father63)incorruptible = in+corrupt+ible64)reenactment =re+enact+mentMatch the names of linguistic figures in column A with the schools or theories or works of linguistics in column B:Column A Column B1)Saussure ( d ) a. Systemic-Functional Grammar2)Halliday ( a ) b. The London School3)Firth ( b ) c.Transformational-Generative Grammar4)Chomsky ( c ) d. The Founder of Structuralism系统功能语法（Systemic-functional Grammar）由英国语言学家韩礼德（Halliday）伦敦学派是以长期在伦敦大学的东方与非洲研究学院教授语音学与语言学并于1944 年成为英国第一任语言学教授弗斯(Firth)为首的语言学派换-生成语法（Transformational-generative grammar，简称TG）是美国语言学家乔姆斯基Column A Column B5)Chomsky ( c ) a. American Structuralism6)Bloomfield ( a ) b. Relational Grammar7)Lamb ( b ) c. Syntactic Structures8)Perlmutter and Postal ( d ) d. Stratificational GrammarColumn A Column B9)Chomsky ( b ) a. The Prague School10)Mathesius ( a ) b. Aspects of The Theory of Syntax11)Malinowski ( d ) c. Case Grammar12)Fillmore ( c ) d. Coral Gardens and Their MagicColumn A Column B13)Chomsky ( b ) a. American Structuralism14)Firth ( d ) b. The Minimalist Program15)Bloomfield ( a ) c. The Distinctive Feature Theory16)Jakobson ( c ) d. The Founder of the London SchoolColumn A Column B17)Chomsky ( c ) a. Montague Grammar18)Hjelmslev ( d ) b. Lexical-Functional Grammar19)Montague ( a ) c. The Innateness Hypothesis20)Brasnan & Kaplan ( b ) d. The Copenhagen SchoolColumn A Column B21)Chomsky ( b ) a. The Copenhagen School22)Jakobson ( d ) b. Language Acquisition Device23)Mathesius ( c ) c. Communicative Dynamism24)Hjelmslev ( a ) d. The Distinctive Feature TheoryColumn A Column B25)Chomsky ( d ) a. The Founder of the London School26)Halliday ( c ) b. The Founder of Structuralism27)Firth ( a ) c. Systemic-Functional Grammar28)Saussure ( b ) d. The Extended Standard TheoryColumn A Column B29)Chomsky ( b ) a. Coral Gardens and Their Magic30)Hjelmslev ( d ) b. The Classical Theory31)Jakobson ( c ) c. The Distinctive Feature Theory32)Malinowski ( a ) d. The Copenhagen SchoolDraw the deep structure phrase markers for the following two sentences:1)John is attending the class.2)Mary could have seen the film.3)Mary is chasing the dog.4)John could have read the book.5)Tom is eating an orange.6)Nancy could have done her homework.7)Johnson is reading a book.8)David could have finished his homework.9)David is singing a song.10)Tim could have told the truth.11)Tim is playing the piano.12)Johnson could have stolen the wallet.13)Nancy is playing the badminton.14)Mary could have seen the poster.15)George is doing his homework.16)David could have read the novel.17)B.C.D.（注：范文素材和资料部分来自网络，供参考。
语言学考试试题及答案
语言学考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪项不是语言学的主要分支？A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 词汇学D. 数学2. 索绪尔将语言符号分为哪两个部分？A. 语音和语义B. 语形和语义C. 语形和语用D. 能指和所指3. 在语言学中，“深层结构”和“表层结构”是由哪位学者提出的？A. 乔姆斯基B. 索绪尔C. 布隆菲尔德D. 萨丕尔4. 下列哪个术语是描述语言随时间变化的现象？A. 语言变异B. 语言演化C. 语言转换D. 语言借用5. 社会语言学研究的是语言与哪种因素之间的关系？A. 社会结构B. 文化传统C. 个人心理D. 经济发展6. 哪种语言现象是指在特定情境下，说话者选择不同语言或语言变体的能力？A. 语码转换B. 语码混用C. 语用学D. 语言礼貌7. 下列哪项不是语用学的研究内容？A. 言语行为B. 隐喻理解C. 语言礼貌D. 语言的生物学基础8. 什么是“双重否定”？A. 使用两个否定词来表达否定意义B. 使用两个否定词来表达肯定意义C. 使用一个否定词来表达否定意义D. 使用一个否定词来表达肯定意义9. 在语言学中，“同音词”是指什么？A. 意义相同但拼写不同的词B. 拼写相同但意义不同的词C. 发音相同但意义不同的词D. 发音和意义都相同的词10. 下列哪项是“语言接触”的一个例子？A. 语言的地理分布B. 语言的独立发展C. 语言的借用和融合D. 语言的孤立使用二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 语言学中的“_______”是指研究语言的结构特征，不涉及语言的社会功能。
答案：形式语言学12. 转换生成语法是由_______提出的，它强调语言的生成能力。
答案：诺姆·乔姆斯基13. “Hello”一词在不同的语境中可以有不同的功能，这属于_______的研究范畴。
答案：语用学14. 社会语言学中的“_______”是指语言随社会因素（如年龄、性别、社会阶层等）而变化的现象。
语言学期末考试题及答案
语言学期末考试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究什么的学科？A. 语言的起源B. 语言的本质和结构C. 语言的演变D. 语言的运用答案：B2. 下列哪项不是语言学的分支？A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 心理学D. 语义学答案：C3. 语言的最小意义单位是？A. 音素B. 词C. 语素D. 句子答案：C4. 以下哪个术语描述的是语言的规则性？A. 语法B. 语义C. 语音D. 词汇5. 语言的交际功能指的是什么？A. 语言的内部结构B. 语言的外部形式C. 语言的社会功能D. 语言的个人表达答案：C6. 语言的哪一部分负责表达概念？A. 语音B. 语法C. 语义D. 词汇答案：C7. 下列哪项是语言的物理表现形式？A. 语法B. 语义C. 语音D. 语用答案：C8. 语言的哪一部分负责表达关系？A. 语法B. 语义C. 语音D. 词汇答案：A9. 语言的哪一部分负责表达情感？B. 语用C. 语音D. 词汇答案：B10. 以下哪个术语描述的是语言的变异？A. 语言变异B. 语言变化C. 语言演化D. 语言发展答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1. 语言学的主要研究对象是______。
答案：语言2. 语言的三个基本功能包括表达、______和交际。
答案：指称3. 语音学研究的是语言的______方面。
答案：声音4. 语法学研究的是语言的______方面。
答案：结构5. 语义学研究的是语言的______方面。
答案：意义6. 词汇学研究的是语言的______方面。
答案：词汇7. 语用学研究的是语言的______方面。
答案：使用8. 语言的最小意义单位是______。
答案：语素9. 语言的最小声音单位是______。
答案：音素10. 语言的最小结构单位是______。
答案：词三、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1. 请简述语言学的主要研究内容。
答案：语言学主要研究语言的本质、结构、发展、变化以及语言在社会和个人中的作用。
语言学图试题及答案
语言学图试题及答案
1. 语言学是研究什么的学科？
A. 语言的历史
B. 语言的起源
C. 语言的结构
D. 语言的使用
答案：C
2. 下列哪项不是语言学的分支？
A. 语音学
B. 语法学
C. 心理学
D. 语义学
答案：C
3. 语言的最小意义单位是什么？
A. 音素
B. 词
C. 语素
D. 句子
答案：C
4. 请列举至少三种语言的类型。
答案：孤立语、黏着语、屈折语。
5. 语言的同源词指的是什么？
A. 来自同一语言的词
B. 来自不同语言的词
C. 有共同起源的词
D. 没有共同起源的词
答案：C
6. 什么是语言的方言？
A. 一种语言的变体
B. 一种语言的方言
C. 一种语言的方言
D. 一种语言的方言
答案：A
7. 语言的演变过程称为什么？
A. 语言发展
B. 语言演变
C. 语言进化
D. 语言退化
答案：B
8. 请解释“语言接触”的含义。
答案：语言接触是指不同语言或方言之间由于交流而产生的相互影响和变化。
9. 什么是社会语言学？
A. 研究语言在社会中的功能
B. 研究语言的起源
C. 研究语言的结构
D. 研究语言的演变
答案：A
10. 语言的规范性指的是什么？
A. 语言的标准化
B. 语言的自然变化
C. 语言的不规则性
D. 语言的方言
答案：A。
语言学的考试试题
语言学的考试试题一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪项不是语言学的分支学科？A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 心理学D. 语义学2. 语言学中的“音素”是指：A. 语言中最小的意义单位B. 语言中最小的音位单位C. 语言中的词汇D. 语言中的语法规则3. 在语言学中，“词汇-功能语法”是由哪位学者提出的？A. Noam ChomskyB. Ronald LangackerC. HallidayD. Edward Sapir4. 下列哪个选项是“双语现象”的正确描述？A. 一个人能够使用两种语言B. 一个地区存在两种官方语言C. 一个人同时学习两种语言D. 一个国家有两种语言的使用者5. “转换生成语法”是由哪位语言学家提出的？A. Ferdinand de SaussureB. Noam ChomskyC. Leonard BloomfieldD. Wilhelm Wundt6. 语言学中的“同音异义词”指的是：A. 发音相同但意义不同的词B. 意义相同但发音不同的词C. 发音和意义都相同的词D. 发音和意义都不同的词7. 下列哪项不是社会语言学研究的内容？A. 语言与社会的关系B. 语言的变迁C. 语言在不同社会群体中的使用D. 语言的生物学基础8. “语言习得”通常指的是：A. 学习第二语言B. 儿童学习母语的过程C. 成人学习外语D. 语言的演变过程9. 下列哪个选项不是语用学的研究范畴？A. 语境对语言使用的影响B. 语言的交际功能C. 语言的内部结构D. 语言的理解和解释10. “语言的任意性”这一概念是由哪位语言学家提出的？A. Charles OgdenB. Thomas HobbesC. Ferdinand de SaussureD. William of Ockham二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）11. 语言学中的“_______”指的是语言的声音和书写形式之间的关系。
12. “_______”是指语言中最小的、有意义的音段，是构成词汇的基本单位。
语言学考试试题及答案
语言学考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究语言的科学，它包括以下哪些分支学科？A. 语音学B. 语法学C. 语义学D. 所有选项答案：D2. 下列哪个术语不是语言学的分支？A. 社会语言学B. 心理语言学C. 神经语言学D. 化学语言学答案：D3. 语言的最小意义单位是什么？A. 音素B. 词素C. 词D. 句子答案：B4. 以下哪个选项是语言的语音属性？A. 音高B. 音长C. 音色D. 所有选项答案：D5. 语言的语法规则可以是：A. 显性的B. 隐性的C. 两者都是D. 两者都不是答案：C6. 以下哪种语言现象不属于语言变异？A. 方言B. 社会方言C. 语言接触D. 语言消亡答案：D7. 语言的演变通常被认为是：A. 随机的B. 有目的的C. 无意识的D. 有意识的答案：C8. 语言接触可能导致：A. 语言融合B. 语言分离C. 语言借用D. 所有选项答案：D9. 语言的语用学研究的是：A. 语言的语境B. 语言的功能C. 语言的意义D. 所有选项答案：D10. 以下哪个术语不属于语义学研究的范围？A. 语义场B. 语义角色C. 语义关系D. 音位学答案：D二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言的______属性包括音高、音长和音色。
答案：语音2. 语言的______属性包括语法、词汇和语义。
答案：结构3. 语言的______属性涉及语言的社会和文化方面。
答案：社会4. 语言学中的______理论认为语言是一系列规则的集合。
答案：形式主义5. 语言的______是语言学研究的基础单位。
答案：句子6. 语言的______是指语言在不同社会群体中的变体。
答案：变异7. 语言的______是指语言在不同地理区域的变体。
答案：方言8. 语言的______是指语言在不同时间的演变。
答案：历史9. 语言的______是指语言在不同语境中的使用。
答案：语用10. 语言的______是指语言的抽象意义。
《英语语言学》试题.docx
L Fill in each of the following blanks (1% X 20=20%)I .Language is a system of arbitrary vocal __________________ used for humancommunication. Language is consisting of two sets of structures, or two levels, that is, sound and ______________ .2.Of all the speech organs, the _________ is the most flexible, and is responsible for varieties of articulation than any other. When the vocal cords are drawn wide apart, letting air go through without causing vibration, the sounds produced in such condition are .3. ______ is voiced alveolar fricative, while ________ is back, close long vowel.4. There are _______ phones, _________ p honemes in word “start ：5. Complementary distribution means that the ___________ of the same phoneme always occur in different phonetic environments.6. Generally speaking, we can divide phonetics into at least three branches: articulatory phonetics, _________ phonetics and acoustic phonetics-7. Chomsky defines __________ as the ideal speaker^ knowledge of the rules of his language, and performance is the actual realization of this knowledge. 8. ________ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words arecombined to form sentences in a language, or simply the study of the formation of sentences.9.In Engllish, nouns, verbs adjectives and adverbs make up the largest part of the vocabulary, they are called ________ c lass words ,while conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns are regarded as close class words.10. Morphology is the study of the internal ____________ o f words and the way in which words are formed.II • __________means that language can be used to refer to things which presentor not present, real or imagined matters in past, present, or future, or in far-away places. 12. __________ are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves.13.In English, ________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.14. A lingustic study is ________ if it describes and analyses the language people《英语语言学》试题15考试吋量：120分钟题号—•二三四五合分合分人得分复查人得分评卷人苹 -------考试类型:actually use; it is prescriptive if it tries to lay down rules for "correct"5 behavi0匚15.Suprasegmental features include _________ tone and intonation.16. “Accuse.• .of，and "charge.••with" are _______ synonyms.IL Read and decide the best one that completes the 得分评卷人statement. (1.5% X 20=30%)L Linguists give priority to the spoken language not on the written languagebecause _________ •A.vocal sounds are drived from writing systemsB.speech precedes writing everywhere in the worldC.we have reading devices to study speechD.spoken language preceded writtten language only in Indo-Europeanlanguae2.According to E de Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract linguistics.A.paroleB. performanceC. langueD. language3. ________ is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the worldslanguage.A. PhonologyB. PhoneticsC. MorphologyD. Phonemics.4.The word “boyish，，contains two ____ •A. morphemesB. morphsC. phonemesD. allophones5.Noun, verb, ____ and preposition are major lexical cateogries.A. adverbB. pronounC. adjectiveD. conjunction6.Which of the following sounds is voiceless bilabial stop?A. [p]B. [mlC. [b]D. [t]7.The study of language to psychology is ____________ •A. sociolinguisticsB. psycholinguisticsC. applied linguisticsD. pragmatics8- Which of the following sounds is central vowel?A. [elB. [i]C.[八]D.[a:]9.In English, 4t un J, and "dis" are called ___________ ..A. prefixesB. infixesC. suffixesD. grammatical words10. _____ are produced by moving from one vowel position to anotherthrough interventing position.A. DiphthongsB. ConsonantsC. Vowels D> Individual vowels11 .The phrase “ men and women " belongs to the __________ c ontruction.A. predicateB. coordinateC. subordinateD. exocentric 12.In English, all thefront vowels and the central vowels are __________________________ vowels.A. unroundedB. closeC. openD. rounded13.Which is the meaning relationship between the two words "flowei7rose”?A. HomonymyB. AntonymyC. PolysemyD. Hyponymy14.The words such as "lab", “doc" are_________ ・A. formed by blendingB. acronymsC. coined by back-formationD. clipped words15.In English if three consonants should cluster together at the beginning of aword, the first phoneme must be /s/ and the second phoneme must be /p/ or III or /k/, then the third phoneme can not be ___________ .A. /f/B. /I/C. /r/D. /w/16.The words "make，，and “bus，，are called ____ because they can occurunattached.A.derivational morphemesB. inflectional morphemesC.bound morphemesD. free morphemes17.The semantic component of the word “ man” can be expressed asA.+animate, +human, +male, -adultB.+animate, +human,・male, +adultC.+animate, +human, +male, +adultD.+animate, +human, -adult18. _____ refers to the linguistic variety characteristic of a particular socialclass.A. IdiolectB. SociolectC. Ethnic dialectD. Standard dialect19.The phenomenon “ holiday meant a day of religious significance before,but today it signifies any day on which we don^t have to work，，is ______A. widening of the meaningB. narrowing of meaningC. meaning shiftD.loss of the meaning20.All of the following are American English EXCEPT ________ .A. fallB. elevatorC. petrolD. aparmentIII. True or false: ( T for True and F for得分评卷人Fam)・(l・5%X 20=30%)1 .Language is human specific.2.English is a typical tone language.3.A synchronic study of language is a historical study.4.The classification of English consonants involves both manner of articultion and place of articulation.5.The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by E de Saussure.6.Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in the human history.7.The word "ungentlemanliness^ has five morphemes.8.Deep Structure is the same as Surface Structure.9. There is only one type of affixes in the English language.10・ Syntax is the branch of linguistics which studies the meaning of language. 11. A locutionary act is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology.12. Modern English is roughly from 499 to the present.13. The standard language and non-standard language are both socially prestigious. 14. The assumption that Black English is "genetically inferior^, "deficient^ and "incomplete" is quite unreasonable.15. One of the recent trends of language change is moving towards greater formality.16. Pragmatics is related to and also different from semantics.17.In a pair of gradable antonyms, the denial of one member of the pair implies the assertion of the othe 匚18. There is only one argument in the sentence “ Kids like apples.” 19. Free morphemes are the same as bound morphemes- 20・ IPA stands for International Phonetic Alphabet.IV・ Draw tree structures of the following sentences. (2.5%x4=10%)1. The apple might hit the man.2. Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants.3. The children argued over whether bats had wings.4. What are you doing now?VPlease answer the following questions. (5%X2=10%)1. Please list out the design features of language and illustrate them.2. Who put forward the Cooperative Principle? What is it about?得分评卷人得分评卷人Answer Sheetn| n得分评卷人I.Fill in each of the following blanks(1 % X 20=20%)1. _________ , _________2. _________ , _________3. _________ , __________4. _________ , _________5. ___________6. _________ ,7. _________ & _________ 9. ___________ 10. _____________ 11. _____________ 12. ____________13. ___________ .14. ____________15. ___________ 16. _____________得分评卷人II ・ Read and decide the best one that completesthe statement. (1.5% X 20=30%)1( )2( ) 3( )4( ) 5( ) 6( ) 7( ) 8( ) 9( ) 10() 得分评卷人11( ) 12( ) 13(1.( ) 2( ) 3(IK ) 12( ) 13(得分评卷人)14( ) 15( ) 16( ) 17( ) 18( ) 19( ) 20()III. True or false: ( T for True and F for False).(1.5% X 20=30%))4( ) 5( ) 6( ) 7( ) 8( )9( ) 10())14( ) 15( ) 16( ) 1(7 ) 18( ) 19( )20()IV. Draw tree structures of the followingsentences. (2.5%x4=10%)1. The apple might hit the man.2. Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants.3.The children argued over whether bats had wings-4. What are you doing now?VPlease answer the following questions.得分评卷人(5%X2=10%)。
语言学综合试题及答案
语言学综合试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言的最小意义单位是：A. 音素B. 词C. 语素D. 句子答案：C2. 下列不属于语言的社会功能的是：A. 信息传递B. 情感表达C. 思维工具D. 娱乐消遣答案：C3. 语言学研究的主要对象是：A. 语言的起源B. 语言的演变C. 语言的结构D. 所有选项答案：D4. 语言的语音系统是由哪些要素构成的？A. 音素B. 音节C. 音标D. 音位5. 下列哪个选项是形态学的研究内容？A. 词的内部结构B. 句法结构C. 语言的起源D. 语言的演变答案：A6. 语言的交际功能包括：A. 表达思想B. 传递信息C. 建立社会关系D. 所有选项答案：D7. 语言的词汇系统是由哪些要素构成的？A. 词根B. 词缀C. 词义D. 所有选项答案：D8. 语言的语法系统是由哪些要素构成的？A. 词类B. 句法C. 语义D. 所有选项答案：D9. 下列哪个选项不是语言的变体？B. 社会方言C. 地域方言D. 语言的起源答案：D10. 语言的语音变化包括：A. 音位变化B. 音素变化C. 音节变化D. 所有选项答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言的______功能是指语言作为社会交际的工具。
答案：交际2. 语言学的分支学科包括______、语法学、语义学等。
答案：语音学3. 语言的______功能是指语言作为思维的工具。
答案：思维4. 语言的______功能是指语言作为表达情感的工具。
答案：情感表达5. 语言学的______研究语言的起源和发展。
答案：历史语言学6. 语言的______功能是指语言作为信息传递的工具。
答案：信息传递7. 语言学的______研究语言的语音系统。
答案：语音学8. 语言学的______研究语言的词汇系统。
答案：词汇学9. 语言学的______研究语言的语法系统。
答案：语法学10. 语言学的______研究语言的意义系统。
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语言学试卷汇总考试集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-Translate the following terms from English into Chinese.把下列术语翻译成中文1.duality of structure _________结构的二元性_______________2.General Linguistics ________普通语言学________________3.voiceless consonant _________清辅音_______________plementary distribution ________互补分布________________5.free morpheme ________自由词素________________6.immediate constituent ________直接成份________________ponential Analysis ________成份分析________________8.American Structuralism ________美国结构主义________________9.zero morph _________零语子_______________10.structural ambiguity _________结构歧义_______________11.productivity _________多产性 ______________12.linguistic competence __________语言能力______________13.manner of articulation _________发音方法_______________14.intonation language _________语调语言_______________15.allophone __________音位变体______________16.inflectional morpheme _________曲折语素_______________17.phrase marker __________短语标记______________18.denotation __________指示______________19.Systemic-Functional Grammar __________系统功能语法______________20.bound morpheme __________粘着语素______________21.cultural transmission __________文化传播______________22.Descriptive Linguistics __________描写语言学______________23.derivational morpheme ___________派生词素_____________24.consonant ___________辅音_____________25.tone language ___________声调语言_____________26.empty morph ___________虚语子_____________27.syntax ___________语法_____________plementary antonym ___________互补反义词_____________29.mode of discourse ____________话语方式____________30.free variation _______自有变异_________________31.displacement __________取代______________32.paradigmatic relation __________集合体关系______________33.voiced consonant __________浊辅音______________34.minimal pair __________极小对______________35.phoneme __________音位______________36.lexical ambiguity __________词法的歧义性______________37.connotation __________内涵______________nguage acquisition device __________语言习得机制______________39.constituency __________选区______________40.alien __________相异______________41.design feature __________设计特点______________42.Theoretical Linguistics __________理论语言学______________43.diphthong __________双元音______________44.contrastive distribution __________对立分布______________45.translation-loan __________借译词______________46.ultimate constituent __________主要成分______________47.relational opposite __________关系对立词______________48.genre __________类型______________49.dependency __________从属______________50.denizen __________居民______________51.arbitrariness __________任意______________52.linguistic performance ___________语言行为_____________53.vowel ___________元音_____________54.free variation ___________自由变异_____________55.derivational morpheme _________派生词素_______________56.surface structure __________表层结构______________57.mode of discourse ___________话语方式_____________58.gradable antonym __________分级反义词______________59.Innateness Hypothesis __________天赋假说______________plementary antonym __________互补反义词______________61.interchangeability _______可交换性_________________62.syntagmatic relation ________结构关系________________63.pure vowel _________纯元音_______________64.intonation language _________语调语言_______________65.bound morpheme __________粘着语素______________66.linguistic competence __________语言能力______________67.deep structure __________深层结构______________68.semantic field __________语义场_____________69.context of situation ___________情境语境_____________70.manner of articulation ___________发音方法_____________71.discreteness ___________组件_____________72.Applied Linguistics _________应用语言学_______________73.immediate constituent __________直接成分______________74.place of articulation __________发音部位______________75.phoneme ___________音位；音素_____________76.zero morph _________零语子_______________77.structural ambiguity __________结构歧义______________78.hyponymy __________上下位关系______________79.tenor of discourse ___________语旨_____________ponential Analysis __________成分分析______________Answer the following questions.回答一下问题1.What are the differences between grammatical competence and pragmaticcompetence2.What is the difference between free morphemes and bound morphemesIllustrate it with examples.3.What are the three syntactic relations Illustrate them with examples.4.What does it mean to say that language is arbitrary Illustrate it withexamples.5.What is the difference between tone languages and intonation languagesIllustrate it with examples.6.Explain the differences between inflectional affixes and derivationalaffixes in terms of both function and position.7.What does it mean to say that language is a system Illustrate it withexamples.8.What is the difference between an empty morph and a zero morph Illustrateit with examples.9.What are the differences between surface structure and deep structureIllustrate them with examples.10.What does it mean to say that language is symbolic Illustrate it withexamples.11.What is a morpheme Illustrate the relationship between morphemes, morphs,and allomorphs with examples.12.What are the three general types of antonyms And how do they differ fromeach other13.What are the three sub-branches of phonetics How do they differ from eachother14.What does Semantic Filed Theory mainly propose Illustrate it with examples.15.What is the difference between segmental features and supra-segmentalfeatures What are the supra-segmental features in English16.What are the design features of languages17.How does denotation differ from connotation Illustrate their differencewith examples.18.Why do we say “absolute synonyms are rare or even non-existent”Illustrate it with examples.19.What does it mean to say that language is dual-structured20.What does compounding mean Illustrate with examples the differencesbetween hyphenated compounds, solid compounds and open compounds21.What are the essential factors for determining sentence meaning Illustratethem with examples.22.How does a diachronic description of a language differ from a synchronicdescription of a language Illustrate their difference with examples.23.What are the three conditions for forming a minimal pair Illustrate itwith examples.24.What does clipping mean in morphology Illustrate with examples thedifference between back clipping, front clipping, front and back clipping, and phrase clipping.Practical work.Write the symbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions：写对应于每一个下面语音描述的符号Example: a voiceless velar plosive [k]1) a voiced bilabial plosive __ [b] ____2) a voiceless labiodental fricative __ [f] ____3) a voiced bilabial nasal __ [ m ] ____4) a high front unrounded vowel __[ i ]___5) a voiced bilabial glide __[w]____6) a voiceless dental fricative __[θ]____7) a voiced labiodental nasal __ [8)] ____9) a mid central unroudned vowel ___[ :] ___10) a voiced velar plosive __ /g/ ____11) a voiceless alveolar fricative _[θ:]_____12) a voiced alveolar liquid __ ____13) a mid back rounded vowel __[:] ____14) a voiced dental fricative __[ e ] ____15) a voiceless alveo-palatal affricative __ /16)/____17) a voiced post-alveolar liquid __ /18)/ ____19) a high back rounded vowel __ [u] ____20) a voiceless bilabial plosive ___[p]___21) a voiced alveolar fricative __[s]____22) a voiceless post-alveolar affricate __ [t]23) ____24) a low front unrounded vowel __[a]____25) a voiceless alveo-palatal fricative __t____26) a voiced post-alveolar affricate __[z]____27) a voiceless palatal plosive __[c]____28) a mid front unrounded vowel _[ε]___29) a voiceless alveolar plosive __ [t] ____30) a voiced alveolar nasal ______31) a voiced palatal glide ______32) a low central unrounded vowel __Λ____33) a voiced alveo-palatal fricative __x____34) a voiceless dental fricative __[θ]____35) a voiced alveo-palatal affricate ______36) a low back rounded vowel _[]_____Divide the following words into separate morphemes by placing a “+” between each morpheme and the next:Example: bookshelf = book + shelf1)manly = man+ly2)encourage = en+cour+age3)placement = place+ment4)agreement = agree+ment5)affixes =6)footprint = foot+print7)underestimation= under+estimation8)disapproval = dis+approval9)gentleman = gentle+man10)entertainment = enter+tain+ment11)entitle = en+title12)reread =re+read13)unfit = un+fit14)waterbed = water+bed15)disorderly = dis+order+ly16)unsuccessful = un+success+ful17)structural = structural18)sweeten = sweet+en19)marker = mark+er20)decided = decid+ed21)exciting = excit+ing22)greenhouse = green+house23)disgraceful = dis+grace+ful24)enlargement = en+large+ment25)informed =inform+ed26)amazing = amaz+ing27)advanced =advance+ed28)enrich =en+rich29)deafen =deaf+en30)undergo = un+dergo31)irregularly = ir+regular+ly32)decoded = decod+ed33)incorrect = in+correct34)undo = un+do35)weekly = week+ly36)functional =func+tion+al37)illiterate = ill+iterate38)sleepwalk = sleep+walk39)unmanly = un+man+ly40)befriended = be+friend+ed41)disobey = dis+oney42)rewrite = re+write43)yearly = year+ly44)troublesome = trouble+some45)talented = talent+ed46)lookout = look+out47)boyishness = boy+ish+ness48)disappearance = dis+appear+ance49)supervise = super+vise50)costly = cost+ly51)inspiring = inspire+ing52)prescription =pre+scrip+tion53)threaten = threat+en54)overlook = over+look55)undesirable = un+desir+able56)irreplaceable = ir+re+place+able57)eatable = eat+able58)amusement = amuse+ment59)monthly = month+ly60)generalize =generalize61)logical =logic+al62)grandfather = grand+father63)incorruptible = in+corrupt+ible64)reenactment =re+enact+mentMatch the names of linguistic figures in column A with the schools or theories or works of linguistics in column B:Column A Column B1)Saussure ( d )a. Systemic-Functional Grammar2)Halliday ( a ) b. The London School3)Firth ( b )c.Transformational-Generative Grammar4)Chomsky ( c )d. The Founder of Structuralism系统功能语法（Systemic-functional Grammar）由英国语言学家韩礼德（Halliday）伦敦学派是以长期在伦敦大学的东方与非洲研究学院教授语音学与语言学并于1944 年成为英国第一任语言学教授弗斯(Firth)为首的语言学派换-生成语法（Transformational-generative grammar，简称TG）是美国语言学家Column A Column B5)Chomsky( c )a. American Structuralism6)Bloomfield( a )b. Relational Grammar7)Lamb( b )c. Syntactic Structures8)Perlmutter and Postal( d )d. Stratificational GrammarColumn A Column B9)Chomsky ( b ) a. The Prague School10)Mathesius ( a ) b. Aspects of The TheoryDraw the deep structure phrase markers for the following two sentences:1)John is attending the class.2)Mary could have seen the film.3)Mary is chasing the dog.4)John could have read the book.5) Tom is eating an orange.6) Nancy could have done her homework.7)Johnson is reading a book.8)David could have finished his homework.9)David is singing a song.10)Tim could have told the truth.11)Tim is playing the piano.12)Johnson could have stolen the wallet.13)Nancy is playing the badminton.14)Mary could have seen the poster.15)George is doing his homework.16)David could have read the novel.。