新世纪实用英语写作Chapter 7
写作篇 Chapter Seven Applications
II. Cover Letters
1. Introduction A cover letter is a letter of inquiry or application that accompanies the resume of a person applying for a job. It provides an opportunity for an individual to demonstrate his or her writing skills and highlight his or her qualifications for the job. In preparing a cover letter, follow the standard business letter format. Generally, a cover letter should cover the things as follows.
To convince an employer to grant an applicant an interview A resume
“Tombstone” resume→lists where an applicant went to school and where he has worked in chronological order
※End with the phrase: REFERENCES Available upon request
I. Resumes
3-2 Tips ◎ Your entire resume should ideally not be any longer than one page. If you have had a ◎number of years of experience specific to the job that you are applying for, two pages are also acceptable. ◎ Use dynamic action verbs such as: accomplished, collaborated, encouraged, established, facilitated, founded, managed, etc. ◎ Do NOT use the subject “I”, use tenses in the past. Except for your present job. Example: ◎ Conducted routine inspections of on site equipment.
Unit7新世纪高职英语(第三版)第1册课件
country should be like. Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of
Independence is a worthy example of the nation’s
struggle for equality.
“… We hold these truths to be self-
Lincoln
“I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States
and Commander-in-Chief of the army and navy, do hereby
declare that on the first day of January, eighteen-sixty-
Lenovo Group
Unit 7
Lenovo Initiates New Partnership
The biggest Chinese computer maker Lenovo Group acquired the personal computer unit of the world’s largest information technology giant IBM on December 8, 2004 at a cost of US$1.75 billion.
Founded in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen, Microsoft is the world’s largest software company with over 50,000 employees in various countries as of May 2004. Microsoft develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of software products for various computing devices. Its most popular product is the Microsoft Windows operating system family, which has achieved near ubiquity in the desktop computer market. It had revenues of US$36.84 billion for the fiscal year ending June 2004, and employs more than 55,000 people in 85 countries and regions.
新世纪 Book 4U7
Considered one of the English language’s
greatest writers, he was acclaimed(喝彩)for his rich
storytelling and memorable (难忘的)characters, and
achieved worldwide popularity in his lifetime.
He was locked up and the board of management was planning to drive him away from the workhouse.
Hale Waihona Puke Para A & B
the board of management
董事会
earn one’s living
serve out the soup at mealtimes on public holidays need washing Perform this operation
谋生
供应汤 开饭时 公共假日 需要洗 操作
suffer hunger in silence become desperate for his age cast votes fall to sb make signs to sb rise from advance to sb bowl in hand
earn one’s/a living 谋生
• Everyone should have the means to earn their own living. earn sb sth 为某人赢得某物 • That performance earned her an Oscar best actress. earnings 薪水,工资 • What are your earnings?
新世纪大学英语综合教程n2-unit7
新世纪大学英语综合教程n2-unit7New Century College English (BookⅡ)Unit 7Text A What Does Teamwork Really Mean?I. Teaching Objectives:1. Understand the true meaning of teamwork2. Understand the usage of analogy3. Master some key words and useful expressionsII. Teaching Content1. Lead-in Activities2. Text Organization3. Language Points (difficult sentences, key words, and phrases)4. Grammar Focus（direct and indirect speech）5. Guided PracticeIII. Teaching Process1. Warm-up Questions1).In our daily life, teamwork is necessary. Talk about your experiences of participation inteamwork. What have you learned from such experiences?2).What does teamwork mean to you?3).What makes a successful team?2. Text OrganizationPart I (Paras.1-2) It is an essential requirement of any employment that any potential employee isa team player.Part II (Paras.3-11) A company is just like a football team. Every member has the duty to help achieve the team’s g oal and the right to offer ideas..Part III (Para.12-15) If you are not happy in your workingenvironment, try to find out if there is anything wrong with you or your team.3. the Usage of AnalogyIn the text, the author makes use of analogy to explain the term “teamwork”.Analogy is a special kind of comparison and a more concrete way to explain things.The purpose of the use of analogy is to explain something vast, remote, unfamiliar, abstract or specialized.In this text, the author likens the corporate team to the football team to answer the question of the title “What does teamwork really mean?”4. Language PointsDifficult Sentences1)(Para. 3) The simplest analogy to the corporate team would be a sports team.Paraphrase the sentence.(= In the simplest way, we may liken the corporate team to a sports team.)Translate the sentence into Chinese.(= 打个最简单的比方，一个企业团队就好比一个运动队。
新世纪大英一unit 7 Ralationshps and Communication
The three parallel rhetorical questions, all beginning with “How often”, actually imply that failure in listening may lead to great harm.
Conclusion: restatement of the importance of listening.
Questions and Answers
1. How does the author begin the text?
The author begins the text by putting forth the common phenomenon that people complain about others’ not listening to them.
5. There were two situations in which people were most honest. They were: 1) r_e_t_u_r_n_in_g__m_o__n_e_y to the supermarket cashier if given too much change; and 2) _r_e_tu_r_n_i_n_g_w__a_ll_e_t to the owner.
If you were given the same title and were asked to write an essay, what ideas would you like to convey and how would you arrange them in a coherent way?
新世纪实用英语写作Chapter_3
《新世纪实用英语写作》
everything, even the number of paper clips. An essential is hiring smart people. You can learn a great deal
Argumentation 论证 · Induction · Deduction
Figures & Statistics 图表数据 · Statistics · Times
Quotation 引证 ·Direct & Indirect · Proverbs
Combination of Methods 综合法
《新世纪实用英语写作》
3.1 Description
（1） Description of an Object or Event 用于描写人物、事物、地点，这种描述告诉读者客观 事物的状态，有时用来辅助解说、议论或叙述。
（2）Description of a Process or Procedure 根据事情发生的先后顺序、应该遵循的程序或步骤逐 步描述。这种段落扩展方法也称为 “how to paragraph” 或“process paragraph”，常为科技文章所采用，主要 描述实验、生产、操作和制造等具体清晰的过程。
A deficiency causes pernicious anemia, and if the deficiency is prolonged, a degeneration of the spinal cord occurs.
新世纪大学英语1--Unit 7课文详解
Unit 7 Relationships and Communication
Do you think that interpersonal skills are very important at school and at work? Please share us your opinions.
Kang Min
Unit 7 Relationships and Communication
Parts
Main Ideas
The rise of the issue: people’s complaints about others’ not listening; the possible consequences of the problem. The analysis of the reasons for the failure in communication: misunderstanding resulting from poor listening. How we can be good listeners. Conclusion: restatement of the importance of listening.
Unit 7 Relationships and Communication
We have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen twice as much as we speak.
-------- Epictetus
A Greek Stoic（禁欲主义）philosopher Question for U: Do you agree with Epictetus? State your reasons.
新世纪视听说2文本Unit-7
Unit 7 Let’s Celebrate!Listening and SpeakingAudio Track 2-7-1A: Would you like to go to a baby shower?B: Sure, it sounds like fun. I like buying baby clothes and gifts for babies.A: Have you ever been to a bachelor party?B: No, I haven’t. My cousin got married two years ago but I didn’t go to his bachelor party.Audio Track 2-7-2Woman: I can’t believe it’s almost summer.Jared: Yeah, I know. The year went really fast.Woman: What are you going to do this summer?Jared: I have a part-time job. I’m going to work for a catering company. Woman: A catering company? What’s that?Jared: We help at parties. Our company prepares and serves the food. And, typically, another company provides the music.Woman: I didn’t know you could cook!Jared: I don’t have to cook. I’m only an assistant.Woman: When do you start?Jared: Tomorrow. We’re catering a bachelor party. Then on Friday, I’m working at a big family reunion.Woman: So what exactly do you do?Audio Track 2-7-3Jared: Before the party starts, I help set everything up. You know, bring the food in and arrange thetables … make sure it looks nice.Woman: Sounds pretty easy.Jared: That’s only the first part. During the party I have to serve food and drinks to the guests.Woman: Well, at least you get to meet people.Jared: Yeah, and after the party is finished, I help clean up.Woman: Yuck. I hate to wash dishes.Jared: Oh, I don’t wash dishes, someone else does. I just put everything in the truck.Woman: That’s not so bad. Sounds like a cool job.Jared: Y eah, I’m excited about it. … And how about you? Any summer plans? Woman: Well, I’m certainly not going to work. I’m just going to relax!Audio Track 2-7-4Woman: I can’t believe it’s almost summer.Jared: Yeah, I know. The year went really fast.Woman: What are you going to do this summer?Jared: I have a part-time job. I’m going to work for a catering company. Woman: A catering company? What’s that?Jared: We help at parties. Our company prepares and serves the food. And, typically, another company provides the music.Woman: I didn’t know you could cook!Jared: I don’t have to cook. I’m only an assistant.Woman: When do you start?Jared: Tomorrow. We’re catering a bachelor party. Then on Friday, I’m working at a big family reunion.Woman: So what exactly do you do?Jared: Before the party starts, I help set everything up. You know, bring the food in and arrange thetables … make sure it looks nice.Woman: Sounds pretty easy.Jared: That’s only the first part. During the party I have to serve food and drink s to the guests.Woman: Well, at least you get to meet people.Jared: Yeah, and after the party is finished, I help clean up.Woman: Yuck. I hate to wash dishes.Jared: Oh, I don’t wash dishes, someone else does. I just put everything in the truck.Woman: That’s not so bad. Sounds like a cool job.Jared: Yeah, I’m excited about it. … And how about you? Any summer plans? Woman: Well, I’m certainly not going to work. I’m just going to relax!Audio Track 2-7-5/ Audio Track 2-7-6Mark: I participated in the Nebuta Festival last August. It was a lot of fun! First, I went with two friends to a local shop to rent a haneto —that’s the costume you wear. It’s easy … anyone can do it and anyone can dance in the festival. The parade is loud and beautiful. People beat drums and dance around. The only bad part was when I injured my ankle from too much dancing! At night, after the parade, we watched some beautiful floats go down the river.Audio Track 2-7-7/ Audio Track 2-7-8Marissa: I spent two months traveling through India with my best friend. One of my best memories is the Holi Festival. We went to a local store and bought some colored powder. Then we mixed it with water.On the day of the festival, someone gave me a water pistol. I filled it with my colored water and started shooting everyone. I even sprayed a police officer! What a mess! It took a long time before the color came out of my skin.Audio Track 2-7-9/ Audio Track 2-7-10Dan: OK, Marcia, that’s it. I think we’re finished with the planning.Marcia: Yeah, Dan, we should review the details one more time.Dan: All right.Marcia: So, Dan, let’s see … you’re going to meet Mom and Dad at 8:00 at the restaurant, right?Dan: That’s right.Marcia: Remember to keep them at the restaurant until 9:30. That’s really important. Don’t come home early!Dan: I know, I know. You need time to prepare for the party.Marcia: Exactly. They can’t come home early … or it will ruin the surprise. Dan: After I go to the restaurant, what are you going to do?Marcia: I’m going to put u p the decorations for the party. And I’m going to call the guests and tell them to come over.Dan: Also, don’t forget to pick up the cake.Marcia: You’re right.Dan: This is so exciting. Boy! Are Mom and Dad going to be surprised?Audio Track 2-7-11Carnival is a very colorful and interesting festival in our city, but it gets very crowded. Before you come here, you should find a hotel room. Then, after you arrive, get the most recent schedule for the festival. Sometimes it changes. The most important event is the parade on Sunday. Bring a folding chair, and be sure to find a good place to sit before the parade starts. After you find a place, just relax and have fun while you wait. People usually bring food to eat before the parade starts. Many people go to restaurants or parties after the parade finishes.Audio Track 2-7-12/ Audio Track 2-7-13Celebrate Mardi Gras in New Orleans!Mardi Gras falls on a Tuesday about six weeks before Easter, a holiday in March or April. Before Mardi Gras even begins, there are over seventy parades of dazzling floats. Come join us for a festival you’ll never forget!Tips for visitors:Plan ahead. Many hotels start taking reservations for Mardi Gras in August. To getthe room youwant, call early. Don’t wait until January!Plan your transportation. Many streets are closed to cars, and bus and streetcar schedules are often changed. Get there early. Plan to arrive about four hours ahead of any big parade. For the popular Sunday night parade, find a space in the morning. You might need a jacket, sunglasses, an umbrella, or all three.Catch Mardi Gras “throws.” People ride on floats in the parades and give “throws” to the crowd. Jump up to catch beads, plastic coins, cups, and toy animals. Bring a plastic bag to hold you’re your treasures.Audio Track 2-7-14A groundhog is a small animal covered with brown fur. It lives in a hole in the ground. During the winter, it stays underground and sleeps and eats. When people see the groundhog in the winter, they think spring is coming soon.Punxsutawney Pete is a groundhog. He lives in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania. On February 2, Pete’s hometown comes alive — as many as 30,000 sightseers gather to celebrate Groundhog Day. Beginning in the morning, they watch for Pete to come out of his hole. Most years he comes out, sees his shadow, and runs back into the hole. That means there will be at least six more weeks of cold, wintery weather. Occasionally, Pete comes out of his hole and stays outside for a while. That’s a good sign. It means that spring weather will arrive soon.Audio Track 2-7-15/ Audio Track 2-7-16After Pete appears, the people of Punxsutawney celebrate. There is a barbecue, a colorful festival in the park, a souvenir show and sale, and even a storytelling festival. There is a lot to do in this little town on Groundhog Day!Pete is a famous groundhog. In 1986, he met the president of the United States. There was a bigHollywood movie made about him in 1993. And in 1995, he was a guest on the Oprah Winfrey show, a popular TV talk show.Unfortunately, Pete has seen his shadow about 85 percent of the time since the tradition started in 1887. Let’s hope next year is different!Audio Track 2-7-171. Do you want to go hiking?2. Do you want to have dinner?3. Would you like to go hiking?4. Would you like to have dinner?Audio Track 2-7-181. Do you want to go to a concert?2. Would you like to see a movie?3. Would you like to study together?4. Do you want to come to my birthday party?Audio Track 2-7-19Omar: Did you hear the news? Sayuri is having a party.Lane: Really? When?Omar: On Wednesday. It’s a pool party.Lane: Cool! That sounds like fun.Omar: Do you want to go with me?Lane: But I don’t know Sayuri.Omar: No problem. She said I could bring a friend.Lane: Well, OK. I’d love to go. What time is the party?Omar: It starts at 3:00. Why don’t we meet at my house at 2:30?Lane: Sounds good!Audio Track 2-7-20A: Would you be interested in seeing a movie on Friday?B: Sure. What time?A: Can we meet at 8:00?B: Ok!A: Would you like to go swimming this afternoon?B: I’m sorry, but I can’t. I have a test tomorrow. How about next week?A: That sounds great. Is Tuesday afternoon Ok for you?B: Sure.Audio Track 2-7-21A: Would you like to come to our party next week?B: What kind of party is it?A: It’s a Hawaiian luau party. We’re going to wear Hawaiian shirts and drink pineapple juice.B: Cool! That sounds like fun. What food will you have?A: We’re going to have barbecue and finger foods.B: Wow! That sounds yummy. Where will it be?A: It’ll be in a big warehouse. We'll also have a dance party there.B: It sounds really interesting! I'd love to go.Video CourseVideo Track 2-7-1Alejandra: I went to a party where the whole dance floor and party space was covered with soapsuds, so everything was very soapy and somewhat slippery. People at this party were dressed in summer clothes, because it was during the summer, and in casual clothes … things that would not get ruined by the soap.Dennis: I had a birthday party last month and I had 38 people in my small apartment. There was a lot of food, which I cooked, and I had a lot of presents … and all my friends were there. It was fun.Video Track 2-7-2Dennis: I had a birthday party last month and I had 38 people in my small apartment. There was a lot of food, which I cooked, and I had a lot of presents … and all my friends were there. It was fun.Video Track 2-7-3Catherine: My favorite celebration or holiday is Thanksgiving. In America families get together in one place and have a big, big, huge dinner. And it’s actually just a day where you eat a lot and where you think about or you reflect about the things you are thankful for.Lourdes: The most important holiday in Colombia is Independence Day, which in Spanish is Día de la Independencia.Kumiko: I like New Year’s Day because when I was little I got lots of otoshidama, which is money in little pretty envelopes.Alejandra: In Argentina one of the unique festivals is the Day of Tradition, or El Día de la Tradiciones, where we celebrate our gaucho heritage. A gaucho is an Argentinean cowboy. People usually perform traditional dances, dress as gauchos, and have huge barbecues.Video Track 2-7-4Tara: (phone rings) Hello?Claudia: Aloha! Tara, it’s me, Claudia.Tara: Hi, Claudia. What’s up?Claudia: A friend of mine invited me to a luau tonight. She told me to bring friends. Would you like to join us?Tara: Sure! What’s a luau?Claudia: It’s lik e a Hawaiian barbecue. You wear Hawaiian shirts … drink pineapple juice …dance … it’s fun, you know!Tara: Sounds great! I’d love to go.Claudia: Great! Is Sun-hee there? I’d like to invite her as well.Tara: She’s right here. Let me ask her. Sunhee, would you like to go to a luau tonight?Sun-hee: The Hawaiian kind? Yeah, I would. Um …wait … I can’t. I promised TakeshiI’dhelp him with his film project tonight.Tara: Well, bri ng him along. Claudia said it’s OK to bring friends.Sun-hee: OK. (into phone) Takeshi?Takeshi: Yeah?Sun-hee: Hey listen, after we work on your film project tonight, would you be interested in going to a party? It’s a Hawaiian luau.Takeshi: That sounds interesting. I’d love to! Can Mike come?Sun-hee: Sure! Tara said to bring friends.Takeshi: Great. I’ll call him right away. See you tonight.Mike: (phone rings) Hello?Takeshi: Hey, Mike.Mike: Hi, Takeshi. What’s up?Takeshi: How would you like to go to a Hawaiian party tonight?Mike: Sure! Hey, why don’t we invite Roberto, too? He loves parties.Takeshi: Yeah. Sun-hee said we could bring friends.Mike: OK, great. I’ll give him a call.Roberto: (phone rings) Hello?Mike: Hi, Roberto, it’s Mike. Would you like to go to a party tonight? It’s going to be really fun!Roberto: Ah, that sounds great but I can’t. I have to go to some “luau” tonight with Claudia … maybe next time. Have fun!Mike: OK.Claudia: Who was that?Roberto: That was Mike. He invited me to some party tonight.Roberto and Claudia: No …Video Track 2-7-5Tara: (phone rings) Hello?Claudia: Aloha! Tara, it’s me, Claudia.Tara: Hi, Claudia. What’s up?Claudia: A friend of mine invited me to a luau tonight. She told me to bring friends. Would you like to join us?Tara: Sure! What’s a luau?Claudia: It’s like a Hawaiian barbecue. You wear Hawaiian shirts … drink pineapple juice … dance … it’s fun, you know!Tara: Sounds great! I’d love to go.Claudia: Great! Is Sun-hee there? I’d like to invite her as well.Video Track 2-7-6Tara: She’s right here. Let me ask her. Sun-hee, would you like to go to a luau tonight?Sun-hee: The Hawaiian kind? Yeah, I would. Um … wait … I can’t. I promised TakeshiI’d help him with hisfilm project tonight.Tara: Well, bring him along. Claudia said it’s OK to bring friends.Sun-hee: OK. (into phone) Takeshi?Takeshi: Yeah?Sun-hee: Hey listen, after we work on your film project tonight, would you be interested in going to a party? It’s a Hawaiian luau.Takeshi: That sounds interesting. I’d love to! Can Mike come?Sun-hee: Sure! Tara said to bring friends.Takeshi: Great. I’ll call him right away. See you tonight.Video Track 2-7-7Mike: Hi, Takeshi. What’s up?Takeshi: How would you like to go to a Hawaiian party tonight?Mike: Sure! Hey, why don’t we invite Roberto, too? He loves parties.Takeshi: Yeah. Sun-hee said we could bring friends.Mike: OK, great. I’ll give him a call.Roberto: (phone rings) Hello?Mike: Hi, Roberto, it’s Mike. Would you like to go to a party tonight? It’s going to be really fun!Roberto: Ah, that sounds great but I can’t. I have to go to some “luau” tonight with Claudia … maybe next time. Have fun!Mike: OK.Claudia: Who was that?Roberto: That was Mike. He invited me to some party tonight.Roberto and Claudia: No …Audio Track 2-7-22Claudia invited Tara to a luau and told her to bring friends. Tara then asked Sun-hee if she would like to go. At first, Sun-hee said she couldn’t because she had promised to help Takeshi with his film project. But then Sun-hee invited Takeshi to go after they finished their work. Takeshi agreed immediately but he requested if he could bring Mike along. Sun-hee told him to go ahead. Then Takeshi called Mike to see if he was interested in going to the party. Mike was quite enthusiastic about going and he knew Roberto also loved parties, so he quickly responded “Sure! Hey, why don’t we invite Roberto, too?” However, when Mike called Roberto to invite him, Roberto told Mike he couldn’t go to the party because he was already going to some “luau” with Claudia. At the end of the video, Roberto and Claudia realized that their friends were actually talking about the same party. That’s why the sto ry was funny!（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。
实用商务英语写作Chapter 7
HSBC, however, prefers its customers to use car loans when purchasing new cars. A loan allows customers to pay for the car over a longerhedule gives customers a clear picture of their financial commitments for the period of the loan. In addition, a loan enables customers to use their overdraft facility to meet unexpected expenses.
Difficult Letter #1: Persuading a Customer
• THE SITUATION • An HSBC customer in Thailand has decided to purchase a new car. As a result, he has requested an increase in his overdraft facility to pay for the new car.
THE FIRST DRAFT
Evaluate the tone of the first draft:. Dear Mr Khomson Thank you for your letter requesting an increase in your overdraft facility. We, however, do not recommend using your overdraft facility to purchase a new car. Therefore, we suggest that you apply for a car loan instead. I have enclosed a brochure on car loans. Please read the brochure and complete the application form. As soon as I receive your application, I will help you process the loan. I look forward to hearing from you. Yours sincerely
新世纪大学英语3KeyWordsandUsefulExpressions--Unit7
新世纪大学英语3KeyWordsandUsefulExpressions--Unit7Unit Seven The Olympic SpiritText A What Makes Olympic Champions?2.4 Key W ords and Useful Expressions2.4.1 flash vi. (L.5) make a sudden bright light with发出闪光e.g. 灯塔在远处发出闪烁的光。
A lighthouse was flashing in the distance.父亲的眼睛怒火闪闪。
Father’s eyes flashed angrily.2.4.2 bring out (L. 13)1.cause to be seen; make clear.发挥；显示出e.g.在紧急关头看出了她的优秀品质。
A crisis brings out the best in her.望远镜使远处细微之处都很清楚。
The telescope brings out the details in the distance.2.cause sth to appear or open使某事物出现或开放e.g.阳光将使花朵开放。
The sunshine will bring out the blossom.3.produce sth; publish sth 生产某物; 出版某物e.g. 出版公司正在出版他的新书。
The publishing company is bringing out his latest novel.2.4.3 fiber(fibre) n. [U](L.15) a person’s inner character（人的）气质，品质e.g.她是个道德观念强的女生。
She is a student of strong moral fibre.地震后，有些人显示了高强的意志力来求生。
新世纪综合英语第二册Unit 7
Detailed reading
How does the author relate a student’s academic performance with his future life?
While a student’s performance at school may be quite consistent throughout his school years and what he has learned at school may help him after he leaves school, in the long run he will depend much more on himself, i.e. he will have to learn to find his way when traveling in his life path. A grade B student may turn out to be a grade A life achiever.
Getting a B in class does not mean one will always be a B performer in life.
Structural analysis
Paragraphs 9-10
Main idea
In a complex society like ours, labels are necessary but they should be kept in perspective.
Detailed reading
How do you interpret the sentence “To recognize them is to recognize that social labels are basically irrelevant and misleading”?
新世纪研究生公共英语阅读C译文unit7
工作、休闲和新阶级约翰〃肯尼思〃加尔布雷斯在一个财富与日俱增的高度富足的社会，就工作而言，有三种看似合理的趋势。
随着商品生产的需要变得越来越不迫切，随着个人不再迫切需要收入来购买商品，他们一周的工作时数或天数就可以减少，或者他们用不着很卖力地工作，或者作为最后一种可能性，整个时间干活的人数就比以往减少。
减少一周的工作时间，这是对于产品边际需求日益减少所做出的看似极其合理的反应。
不幸的是，按照一般人的看法，好像减少工作时敷成了对财富日益增加的惟一合法反应。
至少部分情况是这样的，因为投有人从商品越来越不重要这个角度去正视过这个问题。
因此，尽管我们已经认识到休闲的价值，但是仍然有一些事情还是行不通，这些事情似乎同人们对于生产效率的普遍态度发生了更直接的冲突。
在一个理性的、关心其成员幸福的社会里，这些可供选择的方法很值得考虑。
目前的工业体系和一个世纪甚至25年前的情况大不一样。
这一进步是多种力量作用的结果：政府制定标准，工厂实施检查，技术和农业方面取得全面进步，人们对于生产力只能通过机器取代繁重的重复性手工劳动这一事实的认识，竞争劳动力的需要，工会干预督促提高工资减少工作时间改进工作条件等等。
然而，除了推动生产力这一点，力争使工作变得更加愉快的这一努力必须提供大量的证据，才能证明它是值得的。
如果要改善危险的、对身体有害的或是令人作呕的工作环境，这是允许的；(雇主对雇工提出的)增产而不增加工资的要求有可能或多或少地遭到抵制。
然而需要回答的问题倒不是什么舒适，而是什么对身体有害，或者起码是什么尤其累人。
追求更多安逸的倾向无可厚非，不过我们坚决反对认为一个人在工作的时候应该尽量少干活这样一种观点。
这里又涉及到一些陈旧的人生态度。
我们非常怀疑任何希望付出少于最大努力的倾向，因为付出最大努力一直是一种主要的经济美德。
即便如此，基本问题依然没有解决：追求更多安逸的纯粹表面理由不及把工作时间变得更加舒适的理由那么令人信服。
新世纪大学英语第二版综合教案第4册Unit7
标准文档ElectronicTeachingPortfolioBookFourUnitSeven:ReadingandReflectionPartIGetStartedSectionADiscussionSitinpairsorgroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestions.Whydoyouthinkweneedtoread?Whatdoyouprefertoread—poems,novelsorplays? Whatroledoyouthinkliteraryworksplayinourlives?Answersforreference:1 Hints:Readingbroadensourhorizons.Readingenrichesourknowledge.Readingputsusincontactwiththebestmindsofhumanhistory.Readingenrichesourexperience.Readingempowersuswithknowledge.Readingimprovesourcharacterandtaste.Readingisagoodpastime.a)Somehints:Differentpeoplereadliteraturefordifferentreasonsandpurposesbecauseoftheirdifferentbackgrounds,tastes,experiencesandeducationalbackground.⊙Thosewhopreferreadingnovelsmaythinknovelsaremoreinterestingandeasiertoreadpro bablybecausenovelsusuallyhaveplots.Theycantakereaderstootherplacesandtimes,realorimagi nary,allowingthemtomeetpeopleandexperiencelifeinmanydifferentways.Agoodnovelmakesreade rsthink,laugh,cryorwonder.Reference:Literaryworksplayanimportantroleinourlife.Theycanbroadenourhorizons.Theyhelpusexperien ceakindoflifewhichwecannothaveinreallife.Theyhelpusseethethingswhichwetendtoignoreinourd ailylife.Theycanalsohelpusescapefromreality.SectionBQuotesStudythefollowingquotesaboutreadingandreflectionanddiscussinpairswhatyoucanlearnfromth em.FrancisBaconSomebooksaretobetasted;otherstobeswallowed;andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.实用文案—FrancisBaconInterpretation:Therearedifferentwaysofreadingbooks.Totasteabook,onecanreaditinastateofrelaxation.Toswallowab ookonecanglidehiseyesacrossthelinesofabook.Tochewordigestabookoneshouldreaditactively.Andwhen hehasfinishedreadingabook,thepagesarefilledwithhisnotes.Onlywhengoodbooksarechewedanddigested cantheyhavealastinginfluenceonone’slife.AboutFrancisBacon(1561-1626):anEnglishpolitician,philosopher,andwriter.FrancisBacongraduatedfromTrinityCollege,Cambr idge.HewasthefounderofEnglishmaterialistphilosophy,aswellasofmodernscienceinEngland.Heisespec iallyfamousforhisEssays,inwhichhispracticalwisdomisshownthroughhisreflectionsandcommentsonrat herabstractsubjects.BenjaminFranklinReadingmakesafullman,meditationaprofoundman,discourseaclearman.—BenjaminFranklinInterpretation:Readingbroadensourhorizons,moldsourtemperamentandenlightensourminds.Readingprovidesuswiththepossibilityofopeningourselvesuptotheworld,whichhelpsustobecomelearnedandknowledgeablepersons.Thinkingdeeplyhelpsusgainaninsightintohumanlife.Havingscholarlyconversationswithothershelpsusbecomewiser.AboutBenjaminFranklin(1706-1790):aUSpolitician,writer,andscientist.Hewasinvolvedinwritingtwohistoricallysignificant documents,theDeclarationofIndependence(?独立宣言?)andtheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates(?美国宪法?).Heisfamousforprovingthatlightningisaformofelectricitybydoingascientifictestinwhichh eflewakiteduringastorm,andheinventedthelightningconductor.Heisalsowellknownforhisliteraryworkssuchas PoorRichardsAlmanac’(?穷理查德年鉴? 1732-1757；亦译作?格言历书?、?穷理查历书? )andAutobiography(?自传?1790).实用文案DenisParsonsBurkittItisbettertoreadalittleandponderalotthantoreadalotandponderalittle.—DenisParsonsBurkittInterpretation: Whatreallycountsisnothowmanybookswehavereadbutwhetherwespendtimethinkingoverwhatwehaveread.So weshouldreadselectivelyandreflectively.AboutDenisParsonsBurkitt(1911–1993):anaccomplishedBritishsurgeon.Hismajorcontributiontomedicalsciencewasthedescription,dist ribution,andultimately,theetiology(病因学；病源论)ofapediatric(小儿科的)cancerthatbearshisnameBurkitt ’(s伯lymphoma基特氏淋巴瘤).LouisaMayAlcottGoodbooks,likegoodfriends,arefewandchosen;themoreselect,themoreenjoyable.—LouisaMayAlcottInterpretation:Booksandfriendsshouldbefewbutgood.Weshouldbehighlyselectiveinreadingbooks,andourgreatestpleas ureinreadingcomesfromthebestbooks.AboutLouisaMayAlcott(1832–1888):anAmericannovelistbestknownasauthorofthenovelLittleWomen(?小妇人?〕.SectionCWatchingandDiscussionWatchthefollowingvideoclipReading“ReallyMatters〞anddothetasksthatfollow.Introductionofthevideo:DanaGioia,ChairmanoftheNationalEndowmentfortheArts,istalkingaboutartseducation. FirsthementionsaproblemintheUnitedStates:Peoplearereadinglessandemployersarefacingaseriouspro blemthattheirnewemployeescan’treadandcan’twrite.AccordingtoDanaGioia,thosepeoplewhoreaddoexercisemoreanddomorevolunteeringcharitywork.实用文案准文档Thenhecomestotalkabouthowreadingactuallymatterstoaperson.1 Nowfillinthenoteformaccordingtowhatyouhear.Topic:ReadingAwakensSomethinginsidetheReaderreadingincreasesyoursenseofyourownpersonaldestiny. readingmakesthelivesofotherpeoplemorerealtoyou.Insummary,readingmakesyouunderstandthatotherpeoplehaveaninnerlifeascompl icatedasyourown.Readingbuildsasocietywithnotonlyimaginativecapability,intellectualcapability, butcompassion,andhumanity.Discussthefollowingquestions.DoyouagreethatChinesepeoplearereadingless?Doyouthinkmoderntechnologyhasinfluencedthewaypeopleread?Open.Script：Americansarereadingless.Becausetheyreadless,theyreadlesswell.Becausetheyreadlesswell,theydolesswellintheeducationalsystem.WeareintheprocessintheUnitedStatesofproducingthefirstgenerationinourhistorythat ’-educatedslesswellthantheirparents.Now,Imean,tome,thisis,youknowa⋯anabandonmentofthewholeAmericanmisroutesofselfimprovement.Becausetheydolesswellinschool,theydolesswellinthejobmarketandeconomically.ThenumberoneproblemsfornewemployersintheUnitedStates:newemployeescan ’tread,newemployeescan’twrite.Andinfact,forthosepeoplewhocan’tevenreadabovethebasiclevel,55%ofthosepeopleendupunemployed.Andevenonafurtherlevel,theyoverwhelminglyarelike,youknow,aremorelikelytoendupinthecriminaljusticesystem.Only3%ofthepeopleinU.S.prisonsreadataproficiencylevel.Becausetheyreadlesswell,youknow,becauseinasensetheydon’tdevelopthesethings,theyarealsolessagedlikelytobeenginpersonalpositivebehaviorhoweveryouwannameasureit.Wecanmeasureitmanydifferentways.Youwouldnotthinkit,butitisoverwhelminglydemonstrable:thatpeoplethatreadexercisemore;peoplethatreadjoin,playsportsmore.Theybelongtocivicorganizationsmore.Theydovolunteeringcharityworknearly4timesthelevelofnon-readers.Well,whenIsawthesedata,Isaid,well,wait.Wehavetobemeasuringsomethingelse.We’remeasuringincome,an dwe’remeasuringtakethepoorestpeopleintheUnitedStateswhoread,theydovolunteering charityworkattwicethelevelofpeoplewhodon’readt.Sowhatdoesitsaytous?Itsayssomethingwek now,eachofusknowsthis:whenyouread,whenyou’rengagedinthearts,itawakenssomethinginsideofyou.Thatdoestwothings:thefirstisthatitincreasesyoursenseofyourownpersonaldestiny.But,se condly,itmakesthelivesofotherpeoplemorerealtoyou.Itcreatesaheightenedsenseofyourselfasanindividual,butitalsobringsyou,maybe,especiallywhenyou’rereadiingnovelsorimagintheliteratureinwhichyoufollowthestories,thelivesofthepeopleinthedailinessoftheirexistence,socially,economically.Maybeunderstanding,amanunderstandinghowawomanthinks,andamanunderstandinghow amanthinks,apersonunderstandinghowsomebodyfromadifferentcountry,fromadifferentracethinksandfeels.Thisimag inativeexercises,thismeditativeexercise,makesyouunderstandthatotherpeoplehaveaninnerlifeascomplicatedasyourown.Andso,ifyouhaveasociety,inwhichtensofmillionsofpeopleguidedbypleasurenoless,undertakethesetypesofcontem plationsandmeditations,youhaveasocietywhichbuilds⋯noton lyit’simaginativecapability,it’s,butintellectualit’scapabilitycompassion,andit’shumanity.PartIIListenandRespondSectionAWordBankcontend vt. claim;sayorstatestrongly〖正式〗声称，断言，主purchase n. fmltheactofbuying 〖正式〗，采prelude n. rgerormoreimportant 开端，序幕，前奏用文案标准文档indispensable a.tooimportantortoousefultobewithout必需的，必不可少的fundamental a.basic根本的，根本的，根底的SectionBTaskOne:FocusingontheMainIdeas Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtotheinformationcontainedinthe listeningpassage.Whatdoesthespeakermeanbyefficientreadingorreadingefficiently?Readingabookforpleasure.Writingbetweenlineswhilereading.C) Rememberingtheauthor thoughts’s.D) Scanningabookforfacts.Whatistheadvantageofmarkingupabookaccordingtothespeaker? Markingupabookhelpsreaderstakeinthebrilliantideasinthebook. Markingupabookenablesreaderstoknowwhattheyread. Markingupabookmakesreadersfeelliketheownerofthebook. Markingupabookmakesreadersconsciousofthefactthattheyarereadingactively.Whatisthetruesenseofowningabook?Markingitthroughactivereading.Purchasingitwithone’sownmoney.Writingone’snameonit.Understandingeverywordinit.Howdopeoplereadbooksforpleasure?Theyreadthemconsciously.Theyreadtheminastateofrelaxation.Theyreadthempassively.Theyreadthemactively.Howdopeopleknowtheyhavereadactivelywhentheyfinishreadingabook? Theyestablisharelationshipwiththeauthor.Theygainpossessionofthebook.Thepagesarefulloftheirnotes.Theirspokenlanguagehasbeenimproved.Key:1)B 2)D 3)A 4)B 5)CSectionC TaskTwo:ZoomingInontheDetailsListentotherecordingagainandfillineachoftheblanksaccordingtowhatyouhaveheard.Whyismarkingupabookindispensabletoreadingit?First,itkeepsyou1)________.AndIdon’meantmerely2)________;Imeanwideawake.Inthesecondplace,reading,ifitis3)________,isthinking,andthinking tendsto 4)________ itself inwords, spokenor written.Themarkedbook isusually thethought-throughbook.Finally,writinghelpsyourememberthe5)________youhad,orthethoughtstheauthorexpressed.Ifreadingisto6)________anythingmorethanpassingtime,itmustbeactive.Youcan ’tle glideacrossthelinesofabookandcomeupwithan7)________ofwhatyouhaveread.Thebooksyourea dforpleasurecanbereadinastateof8)________andnothingislost.Butagreatbook,richinideasa ndbeauty,abookthat9)________andtriestoanswerfundamentalquestions,10)________themostactiverea ding.Whenyou’vefinishedreadingabook,andthepagesarefilledwithyournotes,youknowthatyourea dactively.实用文案标准文档▇Answ ers:1)awak e2)conscious3)active4)express5)thoughts6)acco mplish7)understanding8)relaxation9)raises10)demands▇Script:ReadingEfficientlyYouknowyouhavetor ead“betweenthes〞linetogetthemostoutofanything.Iwanttopersuadeyoutodosomethingequallyimportantinthecourseofyourreading,thati s:thelines“〞do,youarenotlikelytodothemostefficientkindofreading.Icontendthatmarkingupabookisanactof love.Therearetwowaysinwhichonecanownabook.Thefirstisthepropertyrightyouestablishbypay ingforit,justasyoupayforclothesandfurniture.Butthisactofpurchaseisonlythepreludetoposse ssion.Fullownershipcomesonlywhenyouhavemadeitapartofyourself,andthebestwaytomakeyourselfaparto fitisbywritinginit.Whyismarkingupabookindispensabletoreading?First,itkeepsyouawake.AndIdon ly ’tm eaconscious;Imeanwideawake.Inthesecondplace,reading,ifitisactive,isthinking,andthinkin gtendstoexpres sitself inwords,spokenorwritten.Themarkedbookisusuallythethought-throughbook.Finally,writinghelpsyourememberthethoughtsyouhad,orthethoughtstheauthorexpressed.Ifreadingistoaccomplishanythingmorethanpassingtime,itmustbeactiv’tl新世纪大学英语第二版综合教案第4册Unit7e.Youcan etglideacrossthelinesofabookandcomeupwithanunderstandingofwhatyouhaveread.Thebooksyour eadforpleasurecanbereadinastateofrelaxationandnothingislost.Butagreatbook,richinideasan dbeauty,abookthatraisesandtriestoanswerfundamentalquestions,demandsthemostactivereading.Wheny oufinishedreadingabook,andthepagesarefilledwithyournotes,youknowthatyoureadactively.PartIII ReadandExploreTextASectionADiscoveringtheMainIdeasExercise1AnswerthefollowingquestionswiththeinformationcontainedinTextA. Whatisthedifferencebetweenthelivesofthosewhoreadandthosewhodonot? Canreadingnewspapersbecategorizedasreading?Whyorwhynot?Whatistheartofreadingaccordingtotheauthor?Whatdoestheauthorthinkof“thetasteforreading〞? Canpeoplebenefitfromreadingthesamebooksatdifferentages?Whyorwhynot?Answersforreference:Accordingtotheauthor,thosewhodonotreadarejustlikeprisonersconfinedtotheirimmediateworldinrespecttotimeandspace.Theirlifefallsintoasetofroutinesandtheyseeonlywhathappensintheirimmediateneighbourhoodwithfewfriendsandacquaintancestocommunicatewith.Incontrast,thosewhoreadhavetheprivilegetoescapetemporarilyfromthepresentworldandenteradifferentcountryoradifferentageassoonastheypickupabook.Goodbooksputthemintouchwiththebestmindsinhistoryandtheyarealwayscarriedawayintoaworldofthoughtandreflection.Booksbroadentheirhorizonsandtheirlifeisneverasetofdullroutines.Accordingtotheauthor,readingnewspapersdoesnotbelongtothecategoryofreadingbe causetheaveragereaderofanewspaperismainlyconcernedwithgettingreportsabouteventsandhappeningswithoutcontemplativevalue.Thebestreadingdoesnotmerelyofferareportofevents,butisabletoleadreadersintoacontemplativemood.3A ccordingtotheauthor,onlyreadingwiththeobjectofenrichingone’scharmandflavorcanbecalledanart.Thecharmhereisnotrelatedtoone’sphysicalappearance,butone’sinnerauraofelegancewhichcan实用文案标准文档onlybeacquiredthroughreading.Andflavorherereferstotheflavorinspeech,anditscultivationentirely dependsonone’swayofreading. Theauthorthinksthattasteisthekeytoallreadingandisindividualandselective.Eachpersonhashisownta steinthekindsofbooksheenjoysreading.Forcingonetoreadbooksthathedislikeswillachievenopositiver esults.Yes.Peoplecanbenefitfromreadingthesamebookatdifferentagesandgetdifferentflavorsoutofit.Accord ingtotheauthor,peopleatdifferentagesshouldreaddifferentkindsofbooksandgoodbookscanbereadmoret hanonceatdifferentages.Exercise2TextAcanbedividedintofourpartswiththeparagraphnumber(s)ofeachpartprovidedasfollows. Writedownthemainideaofeachpart.Part Paragraph(s) MainIdeaOne 1-3Two 4-5Three 6-8Four 9Answersforreference:P artParagraph(s)MainIdeaThebenefitsofreadingcanbeseenfromsuchcomparison:Nonrea dersareimprisonedintheirimmediateworld,whilereaderscantravelf reelyintheirOne1-3mindtodifferentcountriesordifferentages.Andthebestreadingleads readersintoacontemplativemood,notmerelyoccupiedwiththereportof events.Theobjectofreadingistocultivatepersonalcharmofappearan ceandflavorTwo4-5inspeech,notto“improveone’smind〞,whichkillsthejoyofreadingandforcesonetoreadwithasenseofobligation.Thekeytoallreadingliesintaste,whichisselectiveandindiv idual.NooneThree6-8shouldbeforcedtoreadbooksagainsthisownwillandthereisno bookthatoneabsolutelymustread.Itiswisetoreadbooksthatmeetthede velopmentofone’sintellectualinterest.BenefitfromreadingreliesonthecontributionsofboththeauthorandtheFour9reader.Theprofitwillbegreaterifoneisluckyenoughtofindh isfavouriteauthor.SectionBIn-depthStudyInthefollowingtext,LinYutang,theChinesewriter,translator,linguistandinventor,shareswithu shisinsightintoreadingasanart.Henotonlyaddressessuchquestionsaswhytoread,whattoread,andwhent oread,butalsoconvincesusofthebeautyandbenefitsofreadingasanart.TheArtofReadingLinYutang实用文案标准文档1Readingortheenjoymentofbookshasalwaysbeenregardedamongthecharmsofaculturedlifeandisrespectedandenvie dbythosewhorarelygivethemselvesthatprivilege.Thisiseasytounderstandwhenwecomparethedifferencebetweent helifeofamanwhodoesnoreadingandthatofamanwhodoes.2Themanwhohasnotthehabitofreadingisimprisonedinhis immediateworld,inrespecttotimeandspace.Hislifefallsintoasetrouti ne;heislimitedtocontactandconversation withafewfriendsandacquaintances,andheseesonlywhathappen sinhisimmediateneighborhood.Fromthispris onthereisnoescape.Butthemomenthetakesupabook,heimmediatelyentersadifferentworld,andifitisagoodbook,heisimmediatelyputintouchwithoneofthebesttalkersoftheworld.Thistalkerleadshimonandcarrieshimintoadifferentcountryoradifferentage,or unburdenstohimsomeofhispersonalregrets,ordiscusses withhimsomespeciallineoraspectoflifethatthereaderknowsnothingabout.Anancientauthorputshimin communionwithadeadspiritoflongago,andashereadsalong,hebeginstoimaginewhatthatancientauthorlookedlikeandwhattypeofpersonhewas.BothMenciusandSs emaCh ’ienhaveexpressedthe sameidea.Nowtobeabletolivetwohoursoutoftwelveinadifferentworldandtake one’sthoughtso ffthecimmediatepresentis,ofcourse,aprivilegetobeenviedbypeopleshutupintheirbodily prison.3Suchachangeofenvironmentisreallysimilartotravelinitspsychologicaleffect.Bu tthereismoretoitthanthis.Thereaderi salwayscarriedawayintoaworldofthoughtandreflection.Evenifitisabookaboutphysicalevents,thereisadifferencebetweenseeingsucheventsinpersonorlivingthroughthem,andreadi ngabouttheminbooks,forthentheeventsalwaysassumethequalityofa spectacleandthereaderbecomesadetachedspectator.Thebestreadingisthereforethatwhichleadsusintothiscontemplativemood,andnott hatwhichismerelyoccupiedwiththereportofevents.ThetremendousamountoftimespentonnewspapersIregardasnotreadingatall,fortheaveragereadersofpapersaremainlyconcernedwithgettingreportsabou teventsandhappeningswithoutcontemplativevalue.4Thebestformulafortheobjectofreading,inmyopinion,wasstatedbyHuangShanku,aSungpoet.Hesaid,“Ascholarwhoh asn’treadanyfor th reeingdaysfeelsthathis talkhasnoflavor,andhisownfacebecomeshatefultoloo kat.〞Whathemeans,ofcourse,isthatreadinggivesamanacertaincharmandflavor,whichistheentireobjectofreading,andonlyreadingwitht hisobjectcanbecalledanart.Onedoesn’treadto“improveone’smind,〞becausewhenonebeginstothinkofimprovinghismind,allthepleasureofreadingis gone.Heisthetypeofpersonwhosaystohimself: “ImustreadShakespeare,andImustreadISophocles,an mustreadtheentireFiveFootShelfofDr.Eliot,soIcanbecomeaneducatedman. 〞I’msureth neverbecomeeducated.HewillforcehimselfoneeveningtoreadShakespeare Hamletandcomeaway,’sasif fromabaddream,withnogreaterbenefitthanthatheisabletosaythathehas Hamlet.Anyone“readwho〞readsabookwithasenseofobligationdoesnotunderstandtheartofreading. Readingforthecultivationofpersonalcharmofappearanceandflavorinspeechisthen,accordingtoHuang,theonlyad missiblekindofreading.Thischarmofappearancemustevidentlybeinterpretedassomethingotherthanphysicalbeauty.WhatHuangmeansby “hatefultolookat〞isnotphysicaluglinef or flavorofspeech,italldependsonone’waysofreading.Whetheronehas“flavoror〞notinhistalk,dependsonhismetho dof reading.Ifareadergetstheflavorofbooks,hewillshowthatflavorinhisconversations,andifhehasflavorinhisconversations,hecannothelpalsohavingaflavorin hiswriting.6HenceIconsiderflavorortasteasthekeytoallreading.Itnecessarilyfollowsthattasteisselectiveandindividual,likethetasteforfood.Themosthygienicwayofeatingis,afterall,eatingwhatonelikes,forthenoneissureofhisdigestion.Inreadingasineating,whatiso’smeatmaybeanothe’spoineman r son.Acannotforcehispupilstolikewhathelikesinreading,andaparentcannotexpecthischildren tohavethesametastesashimself.Andifthereaderhasnotasteforwhathereads,allthetimeiswasted.Therecanbe,therefore,nobooksthatoneabsolutelymustread.Forourintellectualinteres tsgrowlikeatreeorflowlikeariver.Solongasthereispropersap,thetreewillgrowanyhow,ands olongasthereisfreshcurrentfromthespring,thewaterwillflow.Whenwaterstrikesacliff,itj ustgoesaroundit;whenitfindsitselfinapleasantlowvalley,itstopsandmeandersthereawhile;whenitfindsitselfinadeepmountainpond,itiscontenttostaythere;whenitfindsitselftrave lingoverrapids,ithurriesforward.Thus,withoutanyeffortordeterminedaim,itissureofreachingtheseasomeday.Therearenobooksinthisworldthatevery bodymustread,butonlybooksthatapersonmustreadatacertaintimeinagivenplaceundergivenci rcumstancesandatagivenperiodofhislife.Iratherthinkthatreading,likematrimony,isdeterminedbyfate oryinyuan.Evenifthereisacertainbookthateveryonemustread,thereis atimeforit.Whenone’thoughtsandexperiencehavenotreachedacertainpointforreadingamasterpiece,themasterpie cewillleaveonlyabad实用文案标准文档flavoronhispalate.Confuciussaid, “Whenoneisfifty,onemayreadBooktheofChanges,〞whichmeansthat oneshouldnotreaditatforty-five. TheextremelymildflavorofConfucius ’ownThesayingsAnalectsinand hismaturewisdomcannotbeappreciateduntilonebecomesmaturehimself.Furthermore,thesamereaderreadingthesamebookatdifferentperiodsgetsadifferentflavoroutofit.Forinstance, weenjoyabookmoreafterwehavehadapersonaltalkwiththeauthorhimself,orevenafterhavingseenapictureofhisface,andonegetsagainadifferentflavorsometimes afteronehasbrokenofffriend shipwiththeauthor.ApersongetsakindofflavorfromreadingtheBookofChangesatforty,andgetsan otherkindofflavorreadingitatfifty,afterhehasseenmorechangesinlife.Therefore,allgoodbookscan bereadwithprofitandrenewedpleasureasecondtime.9Reading,therefore,isanactconsistingoftwosides,theauthorandthereader.Thenetgaincom esasmuchfromthere ader’scontributionthroughhisowninsightandexperienceasfromtheauthor.Iregardthe’sowndiscoveryofone’sfavoriteauthorasthemostcriticaleventinone’sintellectualdevelopme nt.Thereisthingastheaffinityofspirits,andamongtheauthorsofancientandmoderntimes,onemusttrytofindanauthorwho sespiritisakinwithhisown.Onlyinthiswaycanonegetanyrealgoodoutofreading.▇课文参考译文读书的艺术林语堂1 读书或书籍的享受素来被视为有修养的生活上的一种雅事，而在一些不大有时机享受这种权利的人们看来，这是一种值得尊重和妒忌的事。
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ENGLISH PRACTICAL WRITING
English Practical Writing
7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 Letters Resume Personal Statement Writings for Daily Use Note-taking
7.1 Letters
7.2 Resume
• • • • • Functions Basic Structure Types and Format Writing a Successful Resume Sample Resumes
Basic Structure
1. Personal Data 2. Career Objective 3. Education 4. Experience 5. Specialization and Achievements) 6. Memberships 7. Publications 8. References
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
Resume Writing — What not to do
1. Don’t lie. 2. Don’t copy someone else’s resume. 3. Don’t write long sentences. 4. Don’t use long lines. 5. Don’t put more than four lines together in one “block”. 6. Don’t be vague. Be as specific as possible. 7. Don’t include information that is not relevant to an employer. 8. Don’t include “personal” information. 9. Don’t list a reference unless you have the person’s permission. 10. Don’t build your resume around dates. （Reed,1994, pp. 89-91)
• I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience. • Please bring my best wishes to your family. • With my best wishes/regards. ! • I wish every success for your career in the future. • I shall appreciate hearing from you again. • Wish you a speedy recovery. • Hope you have a good time. • Wish you a pleasant journey!
7.3 Personal Statement
1. Writing Preparation 2. Tips for Writing Personal Statement 3. Samples of Personal Statement
Writing Personal Statement
• • • • • • • • • Answering All the Questions Telling a Story Being Specific Finding an Angle Concentrating on the Opening Paragraph Providing Academic Background Doing Some Research Not Including Some Subjects Writing Well and Correctly
Academic Degree
• • • • • • • • • • • A.M. / M. A. (Master of Arts) 文科硕士 Ed. M. (Master of Education) 教育学硕士 LL.M. (Master of Laws) 法学硕士 M. B. A. (Master of Business Administration) 工商管理硕士 M.E. (Master of Engineering) 工程学硕士 M.M.E. (Master of Mechanical Engineering) 机械工程学硕士 M.M.Sc. (Master of Medical Science) 医学硕士 M. P. A. (Master of Public Administration) 公共管理硕士 M. P. H. (Master of Public Health) 公共卫生硕士 M. S. / M. Sc. (Master of Science) 理学硕士 Phar. M. (Master of Pharmacy) 药学硕士
Useful Expressions
• • • • It is great to hear from you again. How are you getting along with your life? I hope that things are going well with you. Nothing could have given me greater pleasure than to get news of you! • You have no idea how happy I was to receive your letter. • Thank you for the expressions of joy at my recent promotion in office.
Career Objective
• Objective: To obtain an entry-level secretarial position, which offers development opportunity for a career as administrative secretary. • Objective: Position in Interior Design and Architectural firm that utilizes theoretical knowledge and hands-on experience in design.
(2) The Format of Letters
• • • • Block Format 齐头式 Modified Block Format 变体齐头式 Semi-Block Format 折中式 Indented Format 锯齿式
(3)Types and Features
• Business Letters • Personal Letters
Types and Format
1. Chronological Resume时序型 2. Functional Resume 功能型 3. Combination Resume 混合型
Format Design
• Side Heading • Centered Heading • Combination
(4) Models of Practical Letters
1. Letter of Invitation 2. Letter of Congratulations 3. Letter of Thanks 4. Letters of Apology 5. Letters of Recommendation 6. Letters of Application
Resume Writing — What to do
1. “Hook” your readers. 2. Highlight your strengths. 3. Structure your resume like a pyramid. 4. Be sure your resume is easy to read 5. Keep your sentences short. 6. Help your readers know what to read. 7. Support your objective. 8. Keep your resume to one or two pages. 9. If your resume contains two pages, say so on page one. 10. Answer the question that every employer asks.
(1) The Structure of Letters (2) The Format of Letters (3) Types and Features (4) Models of Practical Letters
(1) The Structure of Letters
1. Heading 2. Dateline 3. Inside Address 4. Salutation 5. Body 6. Complimentary Close 7. Signature 8. Enclosure 9. Postscript 10. Envelope
Academic Degree
• A.B. or B. A. (Bachelor of Arts) 文学士 • B.B.A. (Bachelor of Business Administration) 商务 管理学士 • B. S. B. A. (Bachelor of Science in Business Administration) 工商管理学士 • B. S. / B. Sc. (Bachelor of Science) 理学士 • Ed. B. (Bachelor of Education) 教育学学士 • Litt. B. (Bachelor of Literature or of Letters) 文学士 • LL. B. (Bachelor of Laws) 法学士 • M. B. (Bachelor of Medicine) 医学士