综合英语教程1册U3

Describing Objects and Talking about JobsDescribing ObjectsIf you describe an object (someone or something), you say what sort of thing it is (what kind of person he or she is), or what they are like, such as its size, color or shape. You should mention some basic, striking characteristics or perhaps give some of your attitudes towards the object, or you can make a comment on it.Note: Some explanations may be necessary concerning the order of adjectives that modify a noun. The simple rule is: Size + Color + Material, e.g.a large white paper bag/ short golden hair/ light blue eyesThe adjectives below are used to describe objects:There are many ways of talking about one's job. The common expressions used to ask one's job are: What do you do? / What's your job? / Where do you work? etc. When you talk about your job, you can use some adjectives to describe it, such as boring / lucrative / interesting / decent / challenging / part-time / full-time, etc..If you want to express unemployment, you can say: Someone is dismissed /discharged / fired / sacked / laid off / out of job.Describing ObjectsYou may describe objects like this:A: Which apple do you like? B: The red one.A: What did your father look like? B: He was short and fat.A: How old is your English teacher? B: He is middle-aged, about forty. She has short golden hair and light blue eyes.My hometown is small and clean.The landscape was easy on the eyes.The day was hot and dusty.The house was old, damp and smelly.Talking about JobsIf you want to know something about someone's work, you may ask: Where do you work?What do you do?/What do you do for a living?What is your line of business?What is your job/occupation?What does your father's job involve? /What's your father?What is your routine work?/What do you do exactly every day? Could you tell me something about your job?What made you decide to become a teacher?Common Answers:I work for Anderson office.I'm a tour guide.I'm a doctor.I'm a secretary.He is the headmaster of our school.He is a gardener.I find a part-time job in a business company.I'm looking for a better job.My job doesn't require special skills.To be a housewife is so boring.Useful Structures1.I'll leave you two here to do ...[structure] Subject + leave (vt.) + sb.(pron.) + to do sth.You use the structure " leave someone to do something" to mean that you go away from them so that they do it on their own.[grammatical points]In this structure the infinitive (to do) is used as objective complement.You can leave an assistant to look after the shop.I will leave you to cook.2. Did anyone find ...?[structure] Did + (Subject) + V. ...?[grammatical point]In this structure, did is the past form of do as an auxiliary. In past tense questions, we put auxiliary did in front of the subject. We use did in any cases, no matter it is a second person or a third person, or whether the subject is singular or plural.__Did you go to the party yesterday?__Yes, we did.__Did he go there?__No, he didn't.3. I'm afraid ...[structure] I'm afraid + object clauseThis structure is used to express your regret in a polite way because sth. unpleasant might happen. The introductive word "that" is often omitted.I'm afraid we can't come.I can't help you, I'm afraid.4.Or the problem could get worse.[structure] or (conj.) + sentenceWe use conjunction "or" to warn someone that he should do something, for if he does not do it , the unpleasant thing will happen.Similars: otherwise, or else, if notHurry up or you will lose your job.[grammatical point]"Get" here means "become".She's getting better.You'll get wet if you go out in the rain without an umbrella.5.It's hard to believe that ...[structure] It (pron.) + be(link verb) + adj.＋to do sth.You can use "it" with a link verb and an adjective to describe an experience. After the adjective, you use an"-ing" form or a"to"-infinitive.It was sad to see her the victim of continual pain.It is nice meeting you.[grammatical point]The pronoun "it" can be used as a preparatory subject or preparatory object.It is impossible for us to get there in time. ( "it" as preparatory subject)She finds it boring to stay at home. ( "it" as preparatory object)6.Tottenham are the best to see.[structure] subject + be(link verb)＋adjective＋to-infinitiveYou can use a to-infinitive clause after a noun group to indicate the aim or purpose of something. You can also use a to-infinitive clause after a noun group that includes an ordinal number, a superlative, or a word like " next", "last", or "only".I think the best way to travel by is on foot.She is always the last person to speak at the meeting.[grammatical point]The to-infinitive clause should be put after the noun group it modifiesUseful Expressionsengineer: n.a civil engineer a mining engineeran electric engineer a mechanical engineerdesigner: n.an industrial designer a fashion designermechanic: n. a car mechanicarchitect: n.architect: n.architecture: n.architectural: adj.electrician: n.Our washing machine has broken; I will ring the electrician.We need an electrician to mend the iron.accountant: n.account: n.transfer: v.transfer from ... to ...He has been transferred from the warehouse to the accounts office.The club's goalkeeper isn't happy here, and has asked for a transfer to another club.supervisor: n.supervise: v.The clerk supervises the work of the department.University students show essays to their supervisors.branch managera shop managera cinema managerdepartmental managera general manageradministrative manageradministrative: adj.an administrative postan administrative problemHer duties are purely administrative.disc-man n.disc brake disc harrow disc jockeypullover n. synonyms: jersey, jumper, sweatersore throat sore adj. e.g. a sore kneeauburn adj.Is your hair black or auburn?set n.A shampoo and set costs £8.She's having her hair set for the party this evening.gleaming adj.cf. gleaming, glimmering, glitteringe.g. gleaming white teethglimmering n.We begin to see the glimmerings of a solution to the problem.glittering adj.A glittering career had been predicted for her in the civil service.giggle v. n.giggle at sb. / sth.Stop giggling, children; this is a serious matter.There was a giggle from the back of the class.wiggle v.Stop wiggling and sit still.The baby was wiggling its toes.mate n. (in BrE. refers to male)He is an old mate of mine.Where are you off to, mate?-mate: companionroommate flat-mate classmate teammate playmate hitHe's a hit with everyone.Her new film is quite a hit.swap v. n.Your book looks more interesting than mine; do you want to swap with me?As you like my dress and I like yours, shall we do a swap?apart from exceptapart adv.The two houses stood 500 meters apart.Apart from his nose. he's quite good-looking.caring adj.Children need a caring environment.plain-looking adj.From a rather plain child, she had grown into a beautiful woman.He is a plain-looking guy.easygoing adj.My mother doesn't mind who comes to stay. She's very easygoing.reliable adj.My memory isn't very reliable these days.pretty adj.She looks pretty in that hat.considerate adj.It was considerate of you not to play the piano while I was asleep.jealous adj.He is a jealous husband.good-looking adj.She's terribly good-looking.amusing adj.Our visits to the theatre made the holiday more amusing.humorous adj.Please see the humorous side of a situation.Main IdeaIn people's mind, some jobs are open only to women while some are open to men. "I" sent off an application for a job with abbreviated name "Chris Neale". "I" successfully got a chance to have an interview, but everybody stared at me in surprise when "I" was there. "I" started to feel nervous because something must have been wrong. Finally "I" came to realize that it was "my" name that had given people a wrong impression and they were surprised that a man should have come to apply for a woman's job. It made me very embarrassed.在人们的观念中，有的工作一定得女人做，有的一定得男人干。