初中英语语法系列-构词法

转化法（Conversion）
taste n. 味道
It has a good taste.
v.尝起来 It tastes very good.
n.记录 He broke the record.
record
v. 记录 He likes to record something while reading a book.
A．calling B．often C．scientific D．fantastic E．helping F．usually
42．Thank you for ________／________ me． E A 43．They ________／_______ play basketball B F after school． C D 44．The invention is very ________／________．
Summary
合成(合成词(有两个或更多的词合成一个
词):
构词法：
Compounding) 派生法（Derivation）
【前缀/后缀】
转化法（Conversion）
【词性转换】
Homework Finish all the exercises.
名词+名词→名词 basket(篮子)+ball(球) →basketball篮球 book (书) +shop(商店) → bookshop书店 book(书) + store(商店) → bookstore书店 house(房子) +work(劳动) → housework家务 home(家庭) + work(工作) → homework家作
1.When are you going to write about environmental education? 2.If we don’t, the future is hopeless. 3.It’s wasteful to throw away paper and metal. 3.Reuse means “use again”. 4.Every class collects reusable waste.
Classify:classroom freedom darkest place invitation lock everyday riverside loneliest upstairs hopeful careless clean walk
合成词(有两个或更多的词合成一个词): classroom everyday riverside upstairs
介词+名词→名词(或形容词) after(在后)+noon(正午) →afternoon下午 under(在下面)+ground (地面) → underground地 下的
合成词（compunding）
名词+过去分词→形容词 man(人)+made(做) → man-made人造的
合成词（compunding）
派生词（derivห้องสมุดไป่ตู้tion）
•加前缀：
happy --- unhappy • 加后缀： enjoy --- enjoyable
既加前缀又加后缀：
health ---unhealthy
派生法（Derivation）---词缀法
1. 前缀:
Re- (重新) rewrite, return, reuse en- （使可能） dis- （不）
mis- （错误的） mistake misunderstand non(不，非)
non-smoker non-swimmer
常见的后缀
1.名词后缀 ：
-er
-or -tion
teacher, worker
visitor, actor
education, pollution
-ment development, movement illness, happiness, coldness -ness
kindness
常见的后缀
名词后缀 ：
-ity
ability, possibility
pianist, artist truth,warmth
-ist -th
-hood childhood, neighbourhood -ion action, solution, education -ing building, painting, shopping
enable
enrich
disagree , dislike , disappear
tele- (远程） television telephone
in/im/il- （不） incorrect impossible irregular
super- （超级）supermarket, superman un（不） unable unhappy unpopular
派生词(在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词): freedom darkest invitation loneliest hopeful careless 转化词(将一种词性转化成另一种词性): place lock clean walk
合成(Compounding)
有两个或更多的词 合成一个词
合成词（compunding）
94．Guangxi organized some medicialteams ________ to leave for Wenchuan to help the people there （medicine） （ 南宁08中考）
短文填空（2009山西省）
interesting Dolphins are 71.___________ (interest) animals and researchers find them smart to watch. They have 72._________ (have) no hands，but can use tools to solve problems，just like us. There is no evidence that dolphins have a language of their own，but they can understand many sign 73._________(language). They can respond(反应) languages quite74._________ (correct) and quickly. Dolphins correctly live in a very different world， but they doing are good at 75._________ (do) our “intelligent (智能的) tests”.
3. 副词性的词缀：
-ly
quickly, softly, yearly
派生方法： 由一个词根可以派生出很多名词，形容词，副词 等
eg： interest-interesting-interestedunteresting helpful-helpless-helpfullyhelp- helplessly
合成词（compunding）
形容词+名词→名词 black(黑色的)+board(木板)→ blackboard黑板 English(英国的)+man(人)→ Englishman英国人 loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者) → loudspeaker扬 声器
合成词（compunding）
2.形容词后缀
-ous -ful -able -ive -y
dangerous, humorous
helpful, careful comfortable, enjoyable expensive, active
sunny windy
-ern -en -(a)n -ly -less -al
eastern southern golden wooden American Australian friendly lovely careless homeless natural national educational 教育的
英语构词法
Words Building
峡口初中
General introduction
Classify words
Compounding (有两个或更多的词合 成一个词)
prefix Derivation (在词根上加上前、 后缀构成另外一个词) suffix
Conversion (将一种词性转化成另 一种词性)
用词的正确形式填空
87．—Are you Canadian? —No．I am ________．（ Australian Australia） （ 南宁08中考）
farthest 93．—Who lives ________ from the school． Sam，Amy or Linda? —Linda．（far ） （ 南宁08中考）
What are the meanings of these Words?
water ，break，watch， boat， cook , open； clean, light; orange； play, colour
直击中考
题型： 1、单项选择 2、单词分类 3、用词的正确形式填空 4、完形填空 5、短文填空
副词+名词→介词 in(里面)+side(边) →inside在内 down(在下)+stairs(楼梯) →downstairs在楼下
合成词（compunding）
名词（形容词）+名词+ed(ing)→形容词 middle(中间的)+aged(年龄)→middle-aged kind(善良的)+hearted(心) →kind-hearted hard(努力的)+working（工作）→hard-working
1、单项选择（ 南宁08中考）
37．We believe that we can hold the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games ________． B A．Successful B．successfully C．success D．succeed
2、单词分类（ 南宁08中考）