with的复合结构67728

基本用法

它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词充当

一、with或without+名词/代词+形容词

例句:1.I like to sleep with the windows open.

我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉。(伴随情况)

2.With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it'll rain presently.

大气这样闷，十之八九要下雨(原因状语)

二、with或without+名词/代词+副词

例句:1.She left the room with all the lights on.

她离开了房间，灯还亮着。(伴随情况)

2.The boy stood there with his head down.

这个男孩低头站在那儿。(伴随情况)

三、with或without+名词/代词+介词短语

例句:1.He walked into the dark street with a stick in his hand.

他走进黑暗的街道时手里拿着根棍子。(伴随情况)

2. With the children at school, we can't take our vacation when we want to.

由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。(原因状语)

四、with或without+名词/代词+非谓语动词

1、with或without+名词/代词+动词不定式，此时，不定式表示将发生的动作。

例句: 1.With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.

由于没人可以说话的人，约翰感到很悲哀。(原因状语)

2. With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out.

因为还有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。(原因状语)

2、with + 名词(或代词) + 现在分词，此时，现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。

例句: 1.With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.

由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。(原因状语)

2. With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.

在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。(伴随情况)

3、with + 名词(或代词) + 过去分词，此时，过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。

例句: 1.I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.

我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。(伴随情况)

2.She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。(原因状语)

五、with或without+名词/代词+补语

例句:1.Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.

有可能，这个人死的时候还没有人知道那些钱币被藏在哪里。

2.He wondered if he could slide out of the lecture hall without anyone noticing (him).

他想他是否可以在没有人注意到他的情况下悄悄溜出演讲大厅

3、with the winter coming

随着冬天的来临

※with+不定式和+分词的区别:

加不定式是指将要进行的动作,加分词是指主动或被动动作.

六、with +宾语(名词，代词)+名词

例句:1.He died with his daughter a schoolgirl

他在他女儿是个小学生的时候死了

句法功能

一、with 复合结构，在句中表状态或说明背景情况该结构常做伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。

例句:1、With machinery to do all the work, they will soon have got in the crops.

由于所有的工作都是由机器进行，他们将很快收完庄稼。(原因状语)

2、The boy always sleeps with his head on the arm.

这个孩子总是头枕着胳膊睡觉。(伴随状语)

3、The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.

士兵要他背对着他父亲站着。(方式状语)

4、With spring coming on, trees turn green.

春天到了，树变绿了。(时间状语)

二、with 复合结构可以作定语

例句:Anyone with its eyes in his head can see it's exactly like a rope.

任何一个头上长着眼睛的人都能看出它完全像一条绳子。

三、like+名词/代词+补语

例句:1、The old pinetree still stood there like an umbrella covering the entrance of the cave.

这颗老松树依然耸立在那，像伞一样盖住了洞穴

2、The noise sounded like a train going under my house.

这声音听起来像是一列火车在我的屋子下面经过一样。