语言学概论 试卷3

一、在下列每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将其字母标号填入括号内。

1.Syntax studies two kinds of rules: syntagmatic and ____. ( )

A. paradigmatic

B. collocational

C. collogational

D. semantic

2.The father of modern linguistics is ____. ( )

A. Chomsky

B. Chimpsky

C. Saussure

D. G. Leech

3. A native speaker’s intuition about the sounds and sound patterns of his language is ____knowledge. ( )

A. phonetic

B. phonemic

C. phonological

D. allophone

4. A ____ relation refers to the sequential characteristic of speech. ( )

A. syntagmatic

B. paradigmatic

C. pragmatic

D. vertical

5.Which of the following examines word formation and the internal structure of words? ( )

A. syntax

B. semantics

C. morphology

D. phnology

6.If two or more sounds never appear in the same environment, they are said to be in ____distribution.( )

A. parallel

B. free

C. complementary

D. constrative

7. A surface structure corresponds most closely to the _____ arrangement of words as they are pronounced. ( )

A. parallel

B. paradigmatic

C. hierarchical

D. linear

8. The words that sound different but have the same or nearly the same meaning are called_____ ( )

A. synonyms

B. antonyms

C. hyponyms

D. polysemics

9. Semantic ambiguity can be divided into two types: lexical ambiguity and _____ ambiguity ( )

A. meaning

B. structural

C. sequential

D. conventional

10. Usually sentence meaning is abstract and decontexualized, while utterance meaning is ____ and context-dependent. ( )

A. opaque

B. unclear

C. concrete

D. subject

二、填空题。(每小题1 分，共10 分)

11. The study of speech sounds of all human languages is .

12. Language has two levels. They are grammatically level and sound meaningless level.

13. A native speaker’s intuition about whether a sentence is grammatical or not is knowledge.

14.The study of the meaning of words and sentences is .

15.In English, there are three nasal consonants. There are [ ].

nguage involves the way in which speech comes to thoughts.

17.The basic difference between pragmatics and traditional semantics is that pragmatics considers meaning in context while traditional semantics studies

meaning in from the context of use.

18.The theory states that people acquire second language only if they obtain comprehensible input and if their affective filters are low enough to

allow the input in.

19.As a theory of psychology, Psychology deals with the study of nature and learning of systems of knowledge, particularly those processes

involved in thought, perception, comprehension, memory and learning.

20.In second language acquisition, approaches lay an emphasis on the importance of the inner w orld of an individual and put the individual’s

thoughts, feelings and emotions at the first place in all human development.

三、判断改错题。(每小题2 分，共10 分) 如错误，请标明错误之处，并修改。

21. Such features of language as being creative, vocal, and arbitrary can differentiate human languages from animal communicative systems.

22. According to Chomsky, langue refers to the system of a language.

23. Specific linguistics aims at developing a theory that describes the rules of a particular language.

24. All sounds produced by human speech organs are linguistic symbols.

25. The word “boy” is neutral in general without any negative sense. However, when a twenty-year-old white man calls a forty-year-old black man “boy”, it

obviously has a negative connotation reflecting the racist attitude of the speaker.

四、翻译题。(每小题2 分，共30 分) 请给出下列术语的英/汉语翻译

26. duality of structure 27. Arbitrariness 28. applied linguistics 29. semantic field 30. Discourse analysis 31. microlinguistics 32. lexical ambiguity

33. reference