2015届嘉定区高三英语一模试卷及答案(官方版)
2015年高考上海英语试卷含答案,推荐文档
2015 年高考上海英语试卷考生注意：1. 考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 150 分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I 卷（第 1-12页）和第H 卷（第 13页）,全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（填空题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸 反面清楚地填写姓名。
第I 卷（共103分）I .Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between tow speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on you paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.C.PleasedD.Regretful C.At the dentist 's D.At the chemist 's C.A translator D.A writer B. He can 't help the woman with her math. D.He doesn 't know where the “on ”button is.5. A.The woman should go to another couner.B. The woman gives the man so many choices.C. The man dislike the sandwiches offered there.D.The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.6. A.She has no idea where to find the man 's exam result.B. She isn 't allowed to tell students their grades.C. Dr.White hasn 't finished grading the papers.D.Dr.White doesn 't want to be contacted while he 's away.7. A .Move to a next dormitory B.Find a person to share their apartment.C. Clean the room with roommateD.Write an article about their roommate.8. A.Bob won 't take her advice.B. Bob doesn 't want to go abroad.C. She doesn 't think Bob should study overseas.D. She hasn 't talked to Bob since he went abroad.9. A.The snack bar isn 't usually so empty.B.Dessert is served in the snack bar.C.The snack bar is near the library.D. Snacks aren 't sllowed in th library.10. A .Take her bicycle to the repair shop.B.Leave her bicycle outside.C.Clean the garage after the rain stops.D. Check if the garage is dry.Section BDirections: In Section B,you will hear two short passages,and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question,read the four possibleanswers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. 1.A.ImpatientB.Confused 2.At a bus stopB.At a laundry 3.An actor B.A salesman4. A .He lost his classmate 'sQuestion 11 through 13 are based on the follow ing passage.11. A.It helps care for custermer ' dogs.C.None of the dogs are caged12. A.She likes the food there.C.She can have free coffee.13. A.A new kind of care.C.A new home for pets. Questi on 14 through 16 are based on the follow ing passage.14. A.A trend that high achiever are given a lower salary.B. A view that life quallity is more importa nt tha n pay.C. A dream of the young for fast-paced jobsD. A new term created by high achivers15. A. 10% B.12% C.6% D.7%16. A .P eople are less satisfied with their lives. B.The finan cial in vestme nt may in crease.C.Well-paid jobs are not easy to find.D.Un expected problem may arise. Sectio n CDirections: In Sectio n C,you will hear tow Ion ger con versati on s.The con versati ons will be read twice.After you hear each con versatio n,you are required to fill in the nu mbered bla nks with the in formatio nyou have heard. Write your an swersBlanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.n .Grammar and vocabularySectio n ADirections: Af ter readi ng the passages below, fill in the bla nks to make the passages cohere nt and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other bla nks, use one word that best fits each bla nk.(A)Gift from a stra ngerMy local supermarket is aways busy. The first parking space I found was convenient,but I ' noticed awoman in a blue car cireling for a white (25) _____ I was in a good mood, I left her have it .On the edge of thecar park I backed into the next available spot-it was a tight fit.B.You have to buy food for dogs. D.There is a dog n amed Prin cess B.She enjoys the fun with a pet. D.She does n'tlike to be alone. B.A new brand of coffee.D.A new way to raise pets.Pretty soon I ' made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26) _ (empty) my purse change into the heads of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park.Just as I approached my car, I saw the woma n I'd let have my car spot carlier.She was fivi ng me (27) odd-look half puzzled,half intent( 热切的).I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I back into mycar, I saw the same lady(28) _____ (look) in at me. Hello, ” she said ,hesitantly This (29) ______ sould crazy,but I was on my way to drop some of my mother ' thing off at the charity bins. You are just so much (30) __her. You helped those people , I noticed, and you seemed so happy." She looked at me meaningfully and paused a box in through the window. “ think she would like you to have it. "(31) ___________________ (shock), I took itfrom her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause. I ope ned the box. In side was a beautiful gold n ecklace with a large grey pearl. It was (32) _ (nice) gift I ' ever receibed, and I was from a complete stanger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm remin der of huma n kindn ess.(B)Ask Helpful HannahDear Helpfu hann ah,I'd got a problem with my husba nd, Sam. He bought a smartpho ne a couple of mon ths ago, and be took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado. It was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant arge (33) (check) for text messages, he checks his phone every five minutes! He ' so addicted to it that he just can ' sta nd the idea(34) there may be an importa nt text . He can 'help check ing eve n at in appropriate timeslike whe n we are eati ng in a restaura nt and I am talk ing to him ! He behaves (35) ___ ___ any smallamount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn ' The temptation to see (36) ___________________ is connecting him is just too great.When I ask him to please put down the phoneand stop (37) ___ (igoore) me, he says, “n a minute," but still checks to see if (38) ____ has postedsomething new on the internet. Our life (39) ___ (interrupt). If we go somewhere and I ask him to leave thephone at home ,he suffers from withdrawal symptoms. Mybe this depe ndency on his smartph one has become more tha n an everyday problem.I recently read an article about homophobia" (40) _______ is real illness people can suffer from the feat ofbeing without your phone! I am worried that Sam may be suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he does n 'have his phone with him, even for a short time.Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!Sick and Tired SadieSectio n BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more tha n you n eed.Considering how much time people spend in offices,it is important that work spaces be wellldesigned.Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation s image. They motivate workers, and they make an impressi on on people who visit and might be pote ntial, or 41 ,customers,They make bus in esses work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture we live in.As we move away from an in dustrial-based economy to a kno wledge-based on e,office desig ners have come up with 42 tothe traditi onal work envionments of the past, The desig n in dustry has moved away from a fixed offices setup and created more flexible strategic man ageme nt environmen ts ".These 43 soluti ons are meant to support better orga ni zati onal performa nee.As employee hierachies (等级制度) have flattened,or decreased,office designers response to this changehas bee n to move ope n-pla n areas to more desirable locati ons with in the office and crate fewer formal private offices. The n eed for in creased flexibility has also bee n 44 by cha nges in workstati on desig n. Offices and work spaces ofte n are not 45 to a give n pers on on a perma nent basis. Because of cha nges to methods of work ing, new desig ns allow for expa nsion or moveme nt of desks, storage,a nd equipme nt with in the workstatio n.Ano ther importa nt desig n goal is com muni cati on, which desig ners have improved by loweri ng the walls that 46 workstati on s.Desig ners have also created in formal gatheri ng places,a nd upgraded employees' 47 to heavily traficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.Corporate and in stituti onal office desig ners ofte n struggle to resolve a nu mber of compet ing and ofte n 4 demands,including budgetary limits, employee hierarchies,and techological innovation (especially in relationto computerizati on ) .These dema nds must also be bala need with the n eed to careate in teriors (内饰)that inIsome way en cha nce,establish,or promote a compa ny s inm age and will en able employees to 49 at their best.All these 50 of office desig n are related.The most successful office desig ns are like a good marriage-thewell-desig ned office and the employess that occupy it are seem in gly made for each other.III. Readi ng Comprehe nsionSectio n ADirections: For each bla nk in the follow ing passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each bla nk with the word or phrase that best fits the con text.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect in terest i n roma nee among the artists. 51 , you would see ple nty of ani mals with people running after them. Life for ancient people '(snelaiD n eid(tcBO^nd|etheri ng wild foods formeals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 to people ' s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless nu mber of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certa in: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First Impressi onTo help determ ine the 56 of attract ion, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other 'individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what ki nd of relati on ship they were likely to build with their part ners. After nine weeks, they reported what happe ned.As it turned out, their 58 judgeme nts ofte n held true. Stude nts seemed to 59 at an early stagewho would best fit i nto their lives.The 60 K nowsScie ntists have also tur ned to non huma ns to in crease un dersta nding of attract ion. Many an imals give off phero mones —n atural chemicals that can be detected by, and the n can produce a resp onse in, other ani mals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling ―61 _________________ topartn erships. In con trast, huma ns do not seem to be as 62 as other ani mals at detect ing such chemicals.Smell, however, does seem to play a part in huma n attract ion. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of some one seems to have a nu mber of factors, in clud ing see ing someth ing we find attractive. Researchershad people judge faces for 63 . The participa nts had 0.013 sec onds to view each face, yet somehow they gen erally con sidered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractive ness seem to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. I nstead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52. A. roma ntic B. stressful C. cen tral D. artificial53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. prin ciple54. A. seated B. impressed C. changed D. erased55. A. appeara nces B. virtues C. similarities D.posit on56. A. illustrati ons B. imagi nati ons C. in gredie nts D. in structors57. A. predict B. in vestigate C. diag nose D. recall58. A. critical B. i nitial C. ran dom D. mature59. A. memorize B. disti nguish C. n egotiate D. questi on60. A. Nose B . Eye C. Heart D. Ha nd61. A. open B. alert C. resista nt D. superior62. A. disappo in ted B. amazed C. con fused D. gifted63. A. emotion B. attractive ness C. i ndividuality D. sig nals64. A. enhance B. possess C. main tai n D. asses65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. Irritat ingSectio n BDirections: Read the follow ing three passages. Each passage is followed by several questi ons or unfini shed statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Look to many of history ' s cultural symbols, and there you ' ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowmar the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dat ing all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity ' s earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.For example, sno wme n were a phe nomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through tow n to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, i ncludi ng a 19-year-old Michela ngelo, who in 1494 was appo in ted by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion ' s courtyard.The Miracle of 1511 took place duri ng six freez ing works called the Win ter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in sno wme n — an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people ' s imagination. F( of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were deali ng with damagi ng floods.If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don ' t worry: I ' ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland,celebrate the beg inning of spri ng by blow ing up a sno wma n. On the third Mon day of April, the holiday Sechselaute n is kicked off whe n a cott on sno wma n called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through tow n by bakers and other tradesme n who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, represe nti ng the pass ing of win ter, the pile is lit. When the sno wma n explodes, win ter is con sidered officially over —the quicker it is bur nt dow n, the Ion ger summer is said to be.66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.B. People Ion ged to see masterpieces of snow.C. Buildi ng sno wme n was a way for people to express themselves.D. Buildi ng sno wme n helped people develop their skill and thought.67. “ The heyday of the sno wma n ” (paragraph 4) means the time when _________ .A. sno wme n were made mai nly by artistsB. sno wme n enjoyed great popularityC. sno wme n were politically criticizedD. sno wme n caused damagi ng floods68. In Zurich, the blow ing up of the Boogg symbolizes ________________ .A. the start of the paradeB. the coming of a Ion ger summerC. the pass ing of the win terD. the success of tradesme n69. What can be con cluded about sno wme n from the passage?A. They were appreciated in historyB. They have lost their valueC. They were related to moviesD. They vary in shape and size(B)Scary BunnyThe Curse of the Were-Rabbit(2005) is the first full-le ngth feature film made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazing plasticine(粘土) characters Wallace and Gromit. It won an Oscar in2006, and if you watch it, you ' ll understand why. ItEtew s an absolibrilliant cartoon comedy.Cheese-lovi ng inven tor Wallace and his brainy dog Gromit have started a companyto protect the town s vegetables f rom hungry rabbits. However, just before the annualGia nt Vegetable70. In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly about?A. The introduction to the leading rolesB. The writer ' s opinion of actingC. The writer ' s comments on the storyD. The background information71. According to the film review, “ monster ” (paragraph B) refers to ____ .A. a gun-crazy hun terB. a brainy dogC. a scary rabbitD. a gia nt vegetable72. Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?A. It ' s full of wit and humour.B. Its characters show feeli ngs without words.C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.D. It is about the harm ony betwee n man and ani mals.(C)One of the executives gathered at the Aspe n In stitute for a day-l ong leadership workshop using the worksof Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “ Brutus was notman, ” he said. “ He was a(tr叛徒).And he murdered some one in cold blood. ” The agreeme nt was thatBrutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, theysaid—at least as it was prese nted by Shakespeare- to take the lead in murderi ng Julius Caesar. And thoughone of the executives ack no wledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar wasnevertheless his superior. “ You have to endeavor, ” the executives said, “ our policy is to obey the comma nd. ”During the last few years, bus in ess executives and book writers look ing for a new way to advisecorporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare ' s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so thanhusba nd and wife team Kenn eth and Carol Adelma n, well-k nown advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “ Movers and Shakespeares ” . They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have comb ined their passi on and their high level con tacts into a man ageme nt training bus iness. They con duct betwee n 30 and 40 workshops annu ally, focus ing on half a doze n differe nt plays, mostly for corporati ons, but also for gover nment age ncies.The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar , sly provocation （狡诈的挑唆） of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism.Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes, contain plenty of Shakespearetradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry ' s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come toetxhtewtith a fewbiases （ 偏向 ）: their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say abo ut Brutus, saying“ the noblest Roman of them all ” couldn ' t make h mind up about things.Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesar which led to his murder, and Brutus 's madisintagktehsein alefter the murder, they said, raise vitalquestions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss?73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?A. Cruel.B. Superior.C. Honorable.D. Bade74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “ Movers and Shakespeares” to _______ . A. help executives to understand Shakespeare ' s plays betterB. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare ays ' s plC. provide case studies of Shakespeare ' s plays in literature workshopsD. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare' s plays. 75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.D. To warn executives against power misuse.76. It can be inferred from the passage that _ .A. the A delmans ' programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of ShakespeareC. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.77. The best title for the passage is ___s plays: Executives reconsider corporate culture s plays: An essential key to business success splalye s :saon for business motivation s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic resultsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children' s development. sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second,youth sport programs have long been consi dered important to youth ' s psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they mustconsider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.Research from Telama (2006) states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for s plays.A. ShakespeareB. ShakespeareC. ShakespeareD. Shakespeareboth males and females. C? t &2002) defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g. in the street. on a playing field or in someone 's backyard). When involved in deliberate play activit children are less concerned with the outcome of their outcome of their behavior. (whether they win or lose) than with the behavior. (having fun).On the other hand, Ericsson (1993) suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior. focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although drills are used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?79. If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likelyto _______________ .80. In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?81. In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at ___________ .第II 卷 (共47 分)I. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。
2015嘉定长宁二模 上海市长宁区、嘉定区2015届高三第二次模拟考试英语试题 Word版无答案
长宁区2015年高三英语教学质量抽测试卷第I卷（103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At the bus station. B. At the airport.C. At the post office.D. At the bank.2. A. Librarian and reader. B. Teacher and student.C. Boss and secretary.D. Shop-assistant and customer.3. A. It is quite interesting. B. It's time-consuming.C. It isn't worth seeing.D. It is very expensive.4. A. To complain about her heater. B. To go over for the heater.C. To get some electric power.D. To have her heater repaired.5. A. To postpone his schedule. B. To book in another hotel.C. To stay in the spare room.D. To reserve a room in advance.6. A. Accident victims. B. Rescue work.C. Plane crashes.D. Crash survivors.7. A. He has some trouble with his computer. B. He isn't getting along well with the staff.C. He hasn't registered for a proper course.D. He can't apply the theory to his program.8. A. She went out of the way to meet the man. B. She was pleased to talk with the man.C. She took the man where he wanted to go.D. She missed the chance to help the man.9. A. Smith will keep the surprise party a secret. B. Lucy hasn't got any promise from Smith.C. They shouldn't have told Lucy about the party.D. There's no secret between Smith and Lucy.10. A. Volunteers have to connect the community.B. The man has no time to do voluntary work.C. Voluntary work requires devotion of time.D. Many people have signed up for voluntary work.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three question on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Nick lost the book Ivan borrowed from the library.B. The book Ivan borrowed from Nick was missing.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)We had to climb right up the hill , which is very steep, and ,when close under it , it seemed to be high, but we soon reached the top . When we were there, we had lost sight of the lake; and now our road was over a wild land.____25_____(go) a little way, we saw before us , at the distance of about half a mile, a very large stone building, with a high wall round it , neither field nor tree near.The wild land was overgrown with grey grass that cattle might feed upon. We could not tell ___26_____ this building was. It appeared ___27____ _______ it had been built strong to defend from storms; but for what purpose? William called out to us that we should observe that place well, for it was exactly like one of the shelters of the Alps(阿尔卑斯山), ___28____(build) for the reception of travelers, and indeed I had thought it ____29_____ be so. This building, from its singular structure and appearance, made the place , which is itself in a country ____30_____ Scotland, remarkable.When we ___31____(pass) it and looked back, three pyramidal mountains on the opposite side of Lock Lomond ended the view, ____32_____ in certain kind of weather might be very grand. Our highland companion had not got enough English to give us any information concerning this srange building . What we could only get from her was that it was a "large house", which was plain enough.(B)All plants need water to grow. Watering plants seems like a simple task but it actually requires many considerations. For example , plants growing in areas with low rainfall or areas ____33___(expose) to dry wind require more water. On the other hand, plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the ability to store water in their cells require ___34_____(frequent) watering . The watering of plants should not be viewed as a minor process in gardening ___35______ this task plays an extremely important role in ensuring healthy plant growth.Let's first take a closer look at plants growing in gardens. Since watering is a critical gardening task, ____36___ accessible water supply is vital. A garden tap with a hose of sufficient length to reach the furthest part of the garden ____37_____(prefer). This tends to make watering much easier and ensures adequate water is provided for the plants. Most inexperienced gardeners water little ____38____very frequently. This is undesirable as it encourages shallow root growth. In addition, watering in full sun causes leaves to lose water quickly from the surface of the soil. Therefore, some experts recommend ____39______(install) an automatic watering system.As for plants growing in pots or containers, they tend to lose water rapidly. One way to reduce such a risk is ____40_____(group) the plants close together to keep moisture. Try to move them to a shady place if you are away from home for a few days. Otherwise, you will return home to see your plants dead.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be usedIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War II, an American economic analyst declared, "Our enormously productive economy demands that we make consumption our way of life, that we convert the buying and use of goods into habits, that we seek our __51___ satisfaction, our self-satisfaction in consumption. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced at an ever ___52___ rate." Americans have __53____ to the call, and much of the world has followed.Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even deeply rooted in social ___54__. Opinion surveys in the world's two largest economies, Japan and the United States, show consumerist definitions of success becoming very popular.Over consumption by the fortunate in the world is an environmental problem ___55___ in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their increasing exploitation of resources __56___ to exhaust or unalterably spoils forests, soils, water, air and climate.Ironically (有讽刺意味的), high consumption may be a __57___ blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been ___58___ in the rush to riches.Thus, many people in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow. With the __59____ of a consumerist culture, they also think that they have been ___60__ attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.___61___, the opposite of overconsumption—poverty—is no ___62___ to either environmental or human problems. It is much worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Peasants who have nothing left cut-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民) turn their animals out onto African grassland, reducing it to ___63____.If environmental ___64___ results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does having more ___65___ to add noticeably to human satisfaction?51. A. natural B. spiritual C. cultural D. actual52. A. promising B. promoting C. falling D. increasing53. A. proved B. returned C. responded D. persevered54. A. values B. moralities C. identities D. problems55. A. qualified B. unmatched C. compared D. unprocessed56. A. happens B. manages C. starts D. threatens57. A. mixed B. detected C. counted D. terrified58. A. promoted B. sacrificed C. satisfied D. relieved59. A. improving B. neglecting C. sponsoring D. misleading60. A. fruitlessly B. successfully C. occasionally D. eagerly61. A. As a result B. For instance C. Of course D. From then on62. A. solution B. pollution C. consideration D. contribution63. A. attraction B. rubbish C. homeland D. desert64. A. construction B. destruction C. development D. improvement65. A. remain B. occur C. cease D. happenSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people’s natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to relatives and neighbors, and substituted in their place loosel relationships with passing acquaintances(相识之人). However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community’s population size and its social heterogeneity(多样性). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan(见多识广的) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.66. According to the paragraph 1, it was once a common belief that people in modern society __________ .A) tended to acqaint themselves with people passing byB) could not develop very close relationships wth othersC) bore great responsibilities to neighbors and relativesD) usually had more friends than small-town residents67. One of the consequences of urbanism is that the city residents __________ .A. suffer fron the lack of friendshipB. lower the quality of relationshipsC. show little concern for other peopleD. become suspicious of each other68.We can learn from the passage that the bigger a community is,__________A) the more open-minded people are B. the more similar its interests isC) the more likely it it to display stress D) the better its quality of life is69. What is the passage mainly about?A. Advantages and disadvantages of living in big cities or small townsB. Minor differences in the interpersonal relations between cities and townsC The positive role that urbanism has been playing in our modern society.D The strong feeling of alienation that city inhabitants are suffering.(B)TRAIN TRAVEL INFORMATIONWe offer several distinct options for you to choose the ticket that suits you best.CHANGES AND REFUNDSTickets may be refunded not later 5 minutes before the departure of the train for a charge of 15% of the ticket price, or the journey may be changed to another day for a charge of 10% of the ticket price. (Not applicable to same day returns.)CHANGES FOR SAME DAY TRAVELYou may change your ticket once without charge for a journey on the same day as the original ticket.INFORMATION OF INTEREST TO TRAVELLERSWhen you buy your ticket, it is up to you to check that the dates and time of the journey on it are exactly as you requested.Tickets control and access to each train platform will be open until 2 minutes before departure of the train.Each traveler may take one suitcase and one item of hand luggage. You may also check in 15kgs of luggage not later than 30 minutes before departure, at no extra charge.If you would like to charter a train, or make reservations for over 25 passengers traveling together, call the Sales Department.OUR TIMETABLE IS GUARANTEEDIf the arrival of your train at you destination is delayed by more than 5 minutes according to the timetable, we will refund the full price of your ticket if the delay is caused by our company.70.How much will a passenger pay if he wants to alter his ticket to three days later?A.25% of the original priceB.20% of the original priceC.15% of the original priceD.10% of the original price71.The limit of luggage for a single passenger is .A.One suitcase, one handbag and one 15kgs check-in luggageB.One handbag, two pieces of 15kgs check-in luggage.C.One handbag and two pieces of 15kgs check-in luggage.D.One suitcase, one handbag and one 30kgs check-in luggage.72.What does the Train Company guarantee?A.Students,children,senior citizens and groups can get 25% discount of the original price.B.Passengers get the full price of the tickets back if the train if delayed over five minutes.C.Same-day-returns can be fully refunded if they are canceled two minutes before departure.D.People with Globe-trotter tickets can take any kind of the discounts listed in the brochure.(C)How do predators (猎食动物) affect populations of the prey (猎物) animals? The answer is not as simple as might be thought. The Moose(麋鹿) reached Isle Royale in Lake Superior by crossing over winter ice and bred freely there in isolation without predators. When wolves later reached the island, naturalists widely assumed that the wolves would play a key role in controlling the moose population. Careful studies have demonstrated, however, that this is not the case. The wolves eat mostly old or diseased animals that would not survive long anyway. In general, the moose population is controlled by food availability, disease and other factors rather than by wolves.When experimental populations are set up under simple laboratory conditions, the predator often wipes out its prey and then becomes extinct itself. However, if safe areas like those prey animals have in the wild are provided, the prey population drops to low level but not extinction. Low prey population levels then provide inadequate food for the predators, causing the predator population to decrease. When this occurs, the prey population can rebound. In this situation the predator and prey population may continue in this cyclical pattern for some time.Population cycles are characteristic of small mammals, and they sometimes appear to be brought about by predators. Ecologists studying hare populations have found that the North American snowshoe hare follows a roughly ten-year cycle. Its numbers fall tenfold to thirty in a typical cycle, and a hundredfold change can occur. Two factors appear to be generating the cycle: food plants and predators.The preferred foods of snowshoe hares are tender willow branches. As the hare population increases, the quantity of these branches decreases, forcing the hares to feed on low-quality high-fiber food. Lower birth rates and low growth rates follow, so there is a corresponding decline in hare abundance. Once the hare population has declined, it takes two to three year for thequantity of branches to recover.A key predator of the snowshoe hare is the Canada lynx. The Canada lynx shows a ten-year cycle of abundance(大量) that parallels the abundance cycle of hares. As hare numbers fall, so do lynx numbers, as their food supply decreased.Predators are an essential factor in maintaining communities that are rich and diverse in species. Without predators, the species that is the best competitor for food, shelter, and other environmental resources tends to dominate and exclude the species with which it competes. This phenomenon is known as “competitor exclusion”. However, if the community contains a predator of the strongest competitor species, then the population of that competitor is controlled. Thus even the less competitive species are able to survive. From the stand point of diversity(多样性), it is usually a mistake to eliminate a major predator from a community.73.The author uses the example of the moose and wolves on Isle Royale to _________________.A. provide evidence that predators influence prey populationsB. question the belief in the effect of predators on prey populationsC. demonstrate predator population grows faster than that of the preyD. prove that studies of isolated populations tend to be useful74.The word “rebound” in the passage is closest in meaning to _____________.A. ReactB. ResistC. RemainD. Recover75.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Laboratory results can’t explain the changes in predator and prey populations of the wild.B. The growth of hare population may lead to a corresponding increase in its birth rates.C. The experimental environments can promote the growth of predator and prey populations.D. The existence of a major predator in a community is a threat to the diversity of species.76.What can we conclude from the passage about the cycle of the Canada lynx?A. When hare numbers decrease, lynx numbers increase.B. It has a great effect on the number of snowshoe hare.C. It closely follows the cycle of the snowshoe hare.D. It is not directly related to the availability of lynx food.77.What is the best title of this passage?A. What role predators play in keeping competitor species.B. Whether predators have an impact on prey populations.C. A study of the populations of the predator and prey animals.D. Contributing factors of the changes in animal populations.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The herds of bulls and horses depicted running along the walls of the Lascaux caves in France are among the most magnificent examples of prehistoric art ever discovered.Courage is a quality we cherish. Yet only lately has it been studied systematically to try to define what it is and is not, where it comes from and why we love it so much. "Courage helps to define the excellent person," write George Kateb, a political theorist at Princeton University. "One of the worst criticism in the world is to be called a coward, a quite timid person."For many people, courage is most readily displayed in battle; for example, the brave soldier running into the line of fire to rescue the injured.Yet George Kateb says that if courage finds its highest expression in war, then the trait (特性) becomes immoral, ennobling killing by insisting that only in battle can people discover the depths of their nobility. Thus, it makes killing a noble thing.Stanley J Rachman of the University of British Columbia studies paratroopers (伞兵) preparing for their first jump. The work revealed three different groups: the fearless who jumped without hesitation; the timid whose fear kept them from jumping; and finally, the ones who reacted physiologically like the timid but acted like the fearless leaper, and jumped.Rachman considered the final group courageous, defining courage as "a behavioral approach in spite of the experience of fear". Thus, courage becomes the property of anyone who does something that he or she fears.In interviewing 320 children aged from 8 to 13, Peter Muris of Erasmus University, Rotterdam, of the Netherlands and his colleagues found that children also consider courage as the conquering of one's fears; and more than 70% claimed they had performed brave acts, including stealing money from one's mother's purse.Joel Berger, a biologist with the Wildlife Conservation Society in Montana, US, also distinguishes between animals that behave bravely due to a lack of awareness and experience, and those that are aware of a danger but proceed anyway.He recalled the time he and his colleagues had cornered a young bison (野牛) to take blood samples. At that time, an adult male bison was standing guard, refusing to let the scientists approach. "He knew that he could be attacked by us," said Berger. "I'd call this a courageous, even heroic act."78.What does George Kateb think of courage?79.Why did Rachman think that the third group were courageous?80.Peter Muris found that most children demonstrated their courage _____________________ .81.The writer uses the example of an adult bison to ______________________ .(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS)II卷（共47分）I．Translation(22分)Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 人们越来越依赖互联网。
上海市各区2015届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：选词填空
2014-2015学年高三英语一模汇编---- 选词填空Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Officials at Boston College have made what may be a critical decision: they’ve stopped giving out new email accounts to incoming students. The officials realized that the students had already established digital__41_ _ by the time they entered college, so the new email address were just not being used, but, 42 , the college will offer forwarding(转发) services.Starting next year, freshman 43 at Boston College won’t be given an actual email account complete with login and inbox, just an email address. This address, in the format of johnsmith@ will simply forward mail to the students already_ 44 inbox, be it Gmail, Windows Live Mail, Yahoo Mail, AOL, or whatever else they may be using.The college reached a smart decision after first looking into outsourcing（外包）their email to the cloud. While the Boston College decision may have been made for 45 reasons more than anything, we can easily imagine this as being the start of a new trend.Can you even imagine a U.S. college students who didn’t have an email address of their own by the time they were a freshmen? It’s 46 unheard of Today’s students are digital 47 immersed(浸润) in technology form the day they were born. It simply doesn’t make sense to give them yet another account to manage when they enter college.By going this 48 , there are still some challenges to overcome, though. For example, a student who changes their email carrier will probably forget to 49 the institution to the change and could then miss out on 50 messages from the university with regard to their courses, scholarship, safety information, ect.In the end, we think the decision Boston College made could easily be the start of a new trend. We’re sure students like it, too.【答案】41. C 42. F 4 3.J 44.G 45. D 46. H 47.B 48.I 49. E 50. KSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Last week, Verizon and Google proposed a plan they say could keep the Internet open while supporting 41 in high-speed Internet service. V erizon has the nation's biggest wireless network while Google is the biggest Internet search engine. The proposal was a surprise because the two companies have been on opposite sides of thedebate over net neutrality. That is the idea that all content on the Web should be treated equally. Internet service providers want to be able to charge more for heavy Internet traffic or users who want 42 services. The Federal Communications Commission regulates telephone, cable and satellite communications. But its power to regulate Internet service has been questioned in the courts. The new proposal calls for rules barring service providers from preventing users from sending and receiving 43 information of any kind. Users also could not be prevented from 44 any application, service or device they choose to the Web. And broadband Internet providers would be 45 from discriminating against（歧视）content and would have to be open about their policies. Supporters of net neutrality criticized the proposal for not 46 wireless providers. Wireless broadband is among the fastest growing parts of the Internet. Others oppose the 47 of a "two-tiered"（两极分化的）system on the Internet in which some content gets a fast lane and other content goes slowly. But Daniel Brenner says such a system already exists. Daniel Brenner is a partner at the law firm Hogan Lovells in Washington. He says service providers want to be able to charge more because they build networks out to their customers across the country. Such companies are the so-called "last mile" providers. But, the Internet is really a network of networks which exchange traffic all the time and compete with each other. And not all networks reach the last mile to a customer's door. Paul Kouroupas of Global Crossing says his company wants to make sure 48 between service providers are honored on all networks. That way, a service promised by Global Crossing on its fiber optic network will be 49 all the way to a customer's door —even if another company carries the service that last mile. The Verizon-Google proposal offers 50 for a debate that is not likely to end soon. Daniel Brenner says the FCC needs clearer guidelines from Congress. And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter. I'm Steve Ember.【答案】41.H 42.F 43.K 44.G 45.D 46.A 47.B 48.I 49.C 50.ESection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Most individuals experience some form of test anxiety when they take an important examination. This anxiety can 41 itself in physical symptoms like nausea or sweaty palms, or in emotional symptoms like panic and irritability. Often, individuals will become nervous long before the exam date because they feel 42 by the amount of material they must master. The first step in 43 this anxiety is realizing that test anxiety is a natural reaction, and that it can be 44 . In order to regain control over anxiety, one should break the exam 45 into smaller sections. It will seem much easier to master a series of small subjects than to handle a huge subject all at once.Test-takers should make a study schedule weeks or months ahead of the exam, and give themselves a small amount to learn each period. When the exam day 46 arrives, anxiety will be reduced by the feeling of preparedness. Apart from that, anxiety can be lessened in a few easy ways. First, avoid having any excessively stimulating foods, such as those 47 caffeine or sugar, on the day of the exam. Getting a good night's sleep and a little bit of exercise will 48 one's brain and allow for easy 49 of the learned material. During theexam, breathe deeply and sit in a comfortable position. On exams where this is possible, many people find comfort in going through and answering all of the easy questions before 50 the more difficult ones.【答案】41.B 42.K 43.D 44.G 45.F 46.J 47.E 48.I 49.A 50.C【答案】41.D 42.F 43.C 44.E 45.I 46.H 47.K 48.A 49.B 50.JSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be only be used once.Primarily a farming community, the Amish was attracted to the fertile farmlands in the eastern United States. The largest concentration of Amish today is in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and 41 important groups are in Ohio, Indiana, and Ontario, Canada.The Amish are best known for their simple way of life. They are easily recognized by their 42 Clothing. The men wear wide-brimmed black hats, collarless black coats, and black trousers. These homemade clothes are fastened with 44 and eyes instead of with buttons or zippers. Those who are strict 44 of Amish customs do not wear neckties or belts. In fact, anything which is considered to be a part of modern, worldly life is 45 .the men have beards but ni mustaches. Their long hair is parted in the middle and drawn back over their ears.The women’s clothing is black, 46 they wear white prayer caps. They wear hats and long, high-necked dresses, long black coats, and black shoes and stockings. They wear their hair parted in the middle and tied behind in a bun. An Amish woman wears no jewelry of any kind.The Amish have 47 separated themselves from the modern technological world. They prefer to live according to the 48 of their 17th century European ancestors. Often called the Plain People, the Amish live in simple homes without mirrors, pictures, curtains and carpets. Somehow they manage to get along without radios, telephones, and electric lights. They do not own cars, 49 to travel by horse. The Amish are excellent farmers, yet they refused to buy tractors or other modern farm machinery. They work the land with horse-drawn plows.Because the Amish are largely self-sufficient and fairly 50 from other communities, they have resisted social change.【答案】41.K 42.I 43.J 44.B 45.E 46.D 47.F 48.A 49.G 40.CSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box．Each word can only beWith its wonderful Georgian and Victorian architecture, and winding medieval str eets, it’s easy to see why Edinburgh has been listed as a World Heritage Site.The 41 of Edinburgh is fascinating. Edinburgh Castle dominates the urban skyline, lying on the cliff of an ancient volcano right in the center of the city. Yet Edinburgh is no 42 in the past. And neither is it all about bagpipes, shortbread, whisky and tartan.In fact, the city is one of the most vibrant, international cities in Europe and is 43 voted as one of the most desirable places to live in the world. The capital is 44 with arts, culture, sports and attractions and is famous for playing host to the world’s largest arts festival. After dark Edinburgh has a lively nightlife with 45 bars and pubs, restaurants, clubs and live entertainment to rival any European city.In Edinburgh, there’s plenty of open space too, with a large number of public parks and greenspaces 46 in the busy city center. For active types, there’s a(n)47 and varied choice of activities and sports in Edinburgh and the surrounding area. Or if you just want to 48 your wallet, the capital is a great place to shop. This is a city that knows how to be both 49 and modern.The capital of Scotland is a great place to live and study in, with a wide range of theatres, galleries, clubs and shops to 50 , not to mention the plenty of arty bars and cafes.【答案】41.G 42.H 43.C 44.D 45.J 46. I 47.B 48.E 49.F 50.ADirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beA long red bridge stretches out across water. It runs across the Golden Gate. This is not the _ 41__to some sacred land, but it is just as _42__. The Golden Gate is where San Francisco Bay _43 __the Pacific Ocean, and at night the scene of the bridge _ 44__up over the water takes your breath away.Welcome to San Francisco, a place famous for its beautiful parks, hilly streets and lovely beaches. But the bridge is undoubtedly the most well-known symbol of the city. Before the foggy weather, powerful winds, and _45_ _ocean currents in the city. However, despite the difficult conditions, the bridge was built in no more than four years. Its total length is nearly 2 kilometers.San Francisco 46___first on Lonely Planet’s list of the best cities to visit in 2013. According to the world’s largest travel publisher, it came top as a result of its_47__mix.According to the US 2010 census（人口普查），21 percent of the city's population was made up of Chinese people. San Fran cisco’s Chinatown is the largest outside of Asia and the oldest in North America. Two traditional festivals, the Spring Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival, are the biggest events of the year on the city’s _ 48__.If yellow cabs are a key part of New York c ity life, then the cable car is San Francisco’s equivalent. The first cable car came into public service in 1873, and the slow and noisy vehicle has been a symbol of the city ever since. The cable car network was once_ 49__by a serious earthquake but, luckily, it has now recovered and provides better _50_ _than the subway.【答案】41.G 42.A 43.C 44.K 45.E 46.J 47.B 48.I 49.F 50.HSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.A row of cars appears to be stranded on a remote road, while a confused man on the left of the photo looks to be checking a roadside map while he calls for help.The street view cars, each 41 with nine 2.5 meter-highmulti-directional cameras, silently travel around the streets, taking picturesof city centers, side streets and even residential areas.They have 42 captured sunbathing girls, children fighting andeven a man dressed as Paddington Bear waving at the camera, raising43 about invasion of privacy.But these potentially 44 shots, taken near Amsterdam, are thefirst time that the lens(镜头) has been turned on the Google company and its black cars.Google street View, 45 in 2007, allows “armchair explorers” to travel the world with a click of a mouse button. It 46 locations on all seven continents, and its makers claim that 95 percent of the UK has been mapped out on the company’s servers.Some users of the service, who 47 the company’s Google Maps of being 48 , said that the picture showed that you couldn’t always rely on technology. One said: “This is why I still have a map in my car. I often use Google Streetview, but I never rely on it 49 or use it to plan routes.” Another added: “It told me to drive straight through a petrol station on one occasion.”A Google spokesperson denied the 50 . She said: “It doesn’t look to me like they’re lost. The drivers undergo training so they know how to use the equipment and it looks like this might more likely be what they’re doing.”【答案】41. C 42. F 43. K 44. A 45. D 46. H 47. E 48. J 49. I 50.BTen【普陀区】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.A. adequatelyB. advancesC. neighbourD. colonizeE. concernF. createG. intensivelyH. settlersI. smartJ. journeyK. survive“O nce we spread out into space and establish independent colonies, our future should be safe,”Stephen Hawking says. Stephen Hawking, one of the world’s most important scientists, believes that to ___41__ humans must move into space.Today, the United State s, India, China, and Japan are all planning to send astronauts back to Earth’s closest __42__: the moon. Each country wants to create space stations there between 2020 and 2030. These stations will __43__ prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other Earth-like planets.Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, thinks humans should __44__space. He wants to start with Mars. Why? There are several advantages: for one, sending people to the moon and Mars will allow us to learn a lot—for example, whether living on other planets is possible. Then, we can eventually __45__ new human societies on other planets. In addition, the __46__ we make for space travel in the fields of science, technology, medicine, andhealth can also benefit us here on Earth.But not everyone thinks sending humans into space is a(n) __47__idea. Many say it’s too expensive to send people, even on a short__48__. And most space trips are not short. A one-way trip to Mars, for example, would take about six months. People travelling this kind of distance face a number of health problems. Also, for many early space __49__, life would be extremely difficult. On the moon’s surface, for example, the air and the sun’s rays are very dangerous. People would have to stay indoors most of the time.Despite these __50__ sending people into space seems certain. In the future, we might see lunar(月球上的) cities and maybe even new human cultures on other planets.【答案】41.K 42.C 43.A 44.D 45.F 46.B 47.I 48.J 49.H 50.EDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once.Music has been playing a major role in the lives of teenagers for decades and today’s teens are no ____41_____. Teens listen to over 2.5 hours of music per day. Earbuds, Mp3players, and smartphones make it easy for teens to listen to music while they go about much of their daily lives.The digital world also means that parents must face new challenges when it comes to a teen’s music. In the past---when music was ___42_____ through audio tape or CD, it was much easier for parents to be aware of a teen’s musical ___43_____. But mow that teens have free access to millions of songs and music videos through the internet, parents are less likely to be ____44____ of what their teens are listening to.Today, it’s hard to believe that today’s over-50-years people used to be ___45_____ against Elvis Presley’s dance moves. Fast-forward to the present day and the society has certainly become more ____46____ of many strange forms of art.As for parents, music is a powerful tool and certainly music with pro-social or warm lyrics(歌词) can be a(n)___47_____ influence in teens. It’s important to take an active approach when ____48_____ your teen’s musical interests. Get your teen to talk to you. Ask questions without passing ___49_____. Always be curious and inquire about what your teen looks for in music and talk about what ____50____ can be found in certain songs.【答案】41.J 42. A 43.E 44.G 45.F 46.K 47.B 48.D 49.C 50.HSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box．Each word can only be usedThis past National Day holiday saw upwards of half a billion Chinese citizens travelling. While some flew off to international destinations, the ___41___ majority enjoyed the many tourist sites that China has to offer. Ifyou were one of those people who decided to explore China’s scenic spots, you probably realized that it isn’t just the mountain steps that are steep-the entrance fees are, too!The average cost of the highest ___42___ 5A attractions is 109 yuan. This could prove to be a little too steep for some families, who find themselves spending too large a portion of their holiday budget on admission tickets. The 32 5A locations that upped their prices in the past five years experienced an average ___43___ of over 40 percent. The bad news is that these prices are expected to continue to rise. So how does China’s situation compare to other parts of the world? The average fees for cultural and historical sites seem to be on par with(与…同价) international ____44__ It’s quite another story, however, when you compare natural wonders. For example, the cost of a ticket to Zhangjiajie National Forest Park(张家界国家森林公园) hovers around 245 yuan for a three-day tour. This seems ___45 _ high when you consider that a week long pass to America’s Yellowstone National Park (黄石国家公园)is a mere 74 yuan. here are ___46__ benefits to increased revenue(收益) from ticket sales, which support necessary ___47 _ , maintenance and operation costs. This is especially important for sites that must keep visitor numbers down in order to protect the natural environment. However, it must also be ___48 _ that many of China’s tourist attractions are operated by private companies who are ultimately protecting their bottomline(盈亏底线).While the government has put some ___49___ in place, such as only allowing entrance fees to be raised once every three years, they have not ___50___ the upper limit of ticket prices and increases. Further measures to settle the dispute are being considered. In the meantime, some families are forced to re-think if some attractions are really worth the costs.【答案】41.H 42.J 43.B 44.A 45.F 46.G 47.I 48.D 49.E 50.CSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box．Each word can only be used once．Note that there is one word more than you need．and writing—cramming(填鸭式) to complete assignments before 41 back to school. Summer homework has 42 become a popular tool used by teachers to bridge the 43 between the end of one school year and the start of another. But some parents worry that the 44 is making summer fun slip away. “I don’t know what good this really does,” said Sheryl, a parent of twin 13-year old girls. “Life isn’t always about a test. I think it’s important for children to be children, to be 45 .” Sheryl said her daughters spent weeks in summer camps and away on vacation before they had a chance to start their summer assignments. “Basically I have the summer reading hanging over my head when I’d to do other 46 ,” said her daughter. She said she enjoyed reading “The Color of Water” by James McBride, but the assignments that go with it—choosing five passages to 47 and analyze—seem redundant（多余的）. Some education experts 48 the “lazy, hazy, crazy” days of summer are over as schools feel increased 49 on accountability for student achievement under the federal No Child Left Behind Act. “It’s really going to focus attention on this period of time when kids aren’t 50 .”said Ron Fairchild,executive director of the Center for Summer Learning at Johns Hopkins University. But parents from Prince George’s County to Salt Lake City are lately fighting back, questioning the usefulness and of teachers on summer reading and math problems.【答案】41.K 42.I 43.E 44.A 45.G 46.J 47.D 48.C 49.H 50.FSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.How can English teachers accelerate the language learning of their students? One way is to teach students how to learn more effectively an d efficiently. Learning strategies are “Procedures or 41 that learners can use to facilitate a learning task.” And 42 students of English in learning strategies can help them become better learners. In addition, skill in using learning strategies assists students in becoming 43 , confident learners. Finally, students become more 44 as they begin to understand the relationship between their use of strategies and success in learning English.Students need to develop an awareness of the learning process and strategies that lead to success. Students who 45 on their own thinking are more likely to engage in planning how to proceed with a learning task, monitoring their own performance on an ongoing basis, finding solutions to problems 46 , and evaluating themselves upon task completion. These activities may be difficult for students 47 to having a teacher who solves all their learning problems and is the 48 judge of their progress.Teachers need to encourage students to rely more on themselves. Because learning strategies are mental 49 with few observable manifestations, teachers need to find ways to make the strategies as concrete as possible. When students are able to use the strategies their teachers have taught them, and to do so without prompting, then they need to 50 new strategies, new applications, and new opportunities for self-regulated learning.【答案】41. I 42.B 43.E 44.F 45.C 46.D 47.G 48.K 49.J 50.ASection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Friendly doctors are“bad for their patients’health”，researchers have warned as a new study revealed two thirds of young doctors struggle to be truthful with patients they like．Blurring(使…模糊)the lines between social and professional relationships can 41 the level of care offered and prevent patients from being honest about important side effects．“Doctors should avoid 42 patients as friends on Facebook，they should not hug or allow patients to call them by their first names”．regulators have warned．“Those who break the boundaries will face some punishment．”It comes as a survey of 338 oncologists(肿瘤科医生)under the age of 40，43 in the Lancet Oncology, found 59 per cent said they found it difficult to tell the truth to those patients they liked．Sixty per cent of respondents said if doctors felt too close to their patients，it could prevent them from making 44 decisions about a person’s care．Lesley Fallowfield, of Brighton and Sussex Medical Schoo1．said：“Oncology is a profession that can be enormously 45 but is filled with many challenges．Young oncologists have to master dealing with anxious patients who are facing a life-threatening disease；46 the true prognosis(预后)；discussing the 47 of modern treatments；and explaining the 48 of some drugs，the side-effects of treatment，and likely treatment aims．”But she said，“Those doctors who have entered the profession in the age of the ‘Internet world’ are more likely to fall 49 to blurring the professional boundaries with patients．She said：“The difficulty，if you hug and kiss patients，if you allow them to call you by your first name，is that quickly the relationship can become 50 as a social one rather than a professional one．”【答案】41.F 42.K 43.I 44.B 45.D 46.A 47.C 48.J 49.E 50.GSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.It's the customary bedtime practice every parent would feel fearful----being asked to read the same book for many times. But while the 41 repetition might be boring for mum or dad, it is the best way for toddlers to learn new words, according to research.The findings suggest parents are wasting money by spending a fortune on huge book collections in the hope they will inspire their little ones. Instead, a small selection of favourites such as The Very Hungry Caterpillar or The Gruffalo will 42 far more.Dr Jessica Horst, of the University of Sussex’s WORD Lab devised an experiment to check how quickly three-year-olds could recognize and 43 six new words. The children were visited three times in a week. One group heard the same story three times back-to-back each time and another was read three 44 stories. All had the same amount of new words which appeared the same 45 of times.When researchers returned a week later, they found the children who heard the same story over and over had 46 learned 3.6 of the new words. While those 47 to a variety of stories remembered only 2.6.They also noted the ‘repetition’ group learned at a faster rate than those in the‘48 ’ group.微信公众号：上海试卷Dr Horst said: ‘We are showing that less is more, to a point. And,49 , the more times you read to a child and the more books you have will help them. But you don’t need to go crazy and buy every single Thomas the Tank Engine boo k. Reading the same books over and over again helps.’Speaking of the 50 studies, we have found one in three don’t read to their children before putting them to bed. Yet 30 minutes of one-on-one literacy sessions can improve reading age by nearly two years in less than five months.【答案】41.C 42.E 43.B 44.F 45.A 46.K 47.G 48.J 49.H 50.ISection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Google Inc. is searching for a better way for millions of diabetics (糖尿病患者) to manage their disease by developing a contact lens that 41 glucose (葡萄糖) levels in tears.The “smart” contact lens uses a tiny wireless chip and small glucose sensor that is42 into two layers of soft contact lens material.Google is in 43 with the Food and Drug Administration, the company said. But the contact lenses could be years from 44 the public. The prototype (原型) can bring about a reading once per second, which could be very 45 for diabetics who must pay close attention to their blood sugar and adjust their dose of insulin (胰岛素). Google is also 46 whether the lenses could be an “early warning” for diabetics by equipping them with tiny LED lights that light up when insulin levels get too high or low.“You’ve47 heard that diabetes is a huge and growing problem — affecting one out of every nineteen people on the planet. But you may not be 48 with the daily struggle that many people with diabetes face as they try to keep their blood sugar levels under control. Uncontrolled blood sugar puts people at risk for a range of dangerous, 49 some short-term and others longer-term, including damage to the eyes, kidneys and heart,” Google said in a blog post. “It’s still early days for this technology, but we’ve completed multiple clinical research 50 , which are helping to improve our prototype. We hope this could someday lead to a new way for people with diabetes to manage their disease.”【答案】41.F 42.D 43.J 44.B 45.H 46.I 47.G 48.C 49.E 50.A第11 页/ 共11 页。
上海市度嘉定区2024学年高三下学期一诊模拟考试英语试题含解析
上海市度嘉定区2024学年高三下学期一诊模拟考试英语试题注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．He would be in better health now _______ with too much work when young.A．had he not burdened himself B．if he was not burdenedC．were he not burdened D．had he not been burdened himself2．—What did you say you were reluctant to risk just now?—_________ to high levels of radiation.A．Being exposed B．Having been exposedC．To be exposed D．Exposed3．The teacher’s voice still remained calm ______ she was getting annoyed.A．as long as B．even ifC．as if D．now that4．Sarah ______ change her mind, even though she knew the plan was hard to carry out.A．mustn’t B．wouldn’tC．shouldn’t D．needn’t5．She was such a proud person that she would die she would admit she was wrong.A．since B．whenC．unless D．before6．Yumin, the late famous physicist, often encouraged his students to _____ what they believed in, even when facing strong opposition.A．come up with B．take charge ofC．put up with D．stand up for7．Every man has his faults. We should, therefore, lean to be ________ of others.A．ignorant B．responsibleC．reliable D．tolerant8．I' ve heard that preparations______for the coming festival. Let's give them a hand.A．are being made B．have been madeC．are making D．have made9．—Look! Mary is crazily looking for something again!—_____ , she can’t find her keys.A．Typically B．Occasionally C．Accordingly D．Particularly10．Although everything seems to have been taken into consideration, ________ accident can happen when the astronauts walk in ________ space.A．/; the B．an; the C．the; the D．an; /11．—How long do you think it will be________the Stock Market returns to normal?—At least one year, I guess.A．when B．before C．until D．that12．People from all walks of life are eager for success, _______ lack of confidence, however, is a great barrier. A．where B．whichC．to which D．beyond which13．Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to ______ a good researcher.A．make B．turnC．get D．grow14．--- Do you know what Tom does all day ?---- I know he spends at least as much time watching TV as he ____________his lessons.A．is doing B．does C．spends to do D．does doing15．_______ the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.A．In reply to B．In addition toC．In charge of D．In place of16．________ the danger of drunk driving, many drivers promised never to drive after drinking. A．Realizing B．To have realizedC．Realized D．Having realized17．Everybody was touched ______ words after they heard her moving story.A．without B．beyondC．against D．despite18．—What about your self-drive trip yesterday?—Tiring! The road was being widened, and we ________ a rough ride.A．had B．haveC．would have D．have had19．—______ you sing and dance at this late hour of the night?—Sorry, I will stop right now.A．May B．ShallC．Will D．Must20．At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he the first black president of the United States of America. A．was to become B．becomesC．is to become D．became第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
上海市2015嘉定区中学考试英语一模试卷(含问题详解)
嘉定区2015年初三英语一模练习（九）（满分150分，完卷时间100分钟）2015.1考生注意：本卷有7大题，共94小题。
试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题卡上完成，做在试卷上不给分。
Part 1 Listening （第一部分听力）I. Listening comprehension (听力理解) (共30 分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片) (6 分)B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案)：(8分)7. A) 2. B) 3. C) 4. D) 5.8. A) Basketball. B) Table tennis. C) Football. D) Tennis.9. A) In Room 607. B) In Room 617. C) In Room 706. D) In Room 716.10. A) The man's cousin. B) The man's brother.C) The man's friend. D) The man's neighbour.11. A) A waiter and a customer. B) A doctor and a patient.C) A husband and a wife. D) A shop assistant and a customer.12. A) A teacher. B) A dancer. C) A doctor. D) A singer.13. A) Once a week. B) Every month. C) Every day. D) Twice a month.14. A) Because she wasn't feeling well.B) Because her son wasn't feeling well.C) Because she has made quite a few typing mistakes.D) Because her son doesn't do well in school.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容, 符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示) (7分)15. Franco took a trip to San Francisco last winter.16. He took the train there because he really wanted to see the United States.17. The train left for San Francisco at 10:30 a.m. on Monday.18. It took him three days to get to San Francisco by train.19. On Saturday he paid a visit to a museum and enjoyed himself.20. He flew back to New York and saw the desert, mountains, farms, and cities below him.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容。
上海市各区2015届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：写作专题
上海市各区2015届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：写作专题Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.目前，在网上购物的人越来越多，有人说在网上购物比在实体店购物优势多，有人说还是在实体店购物好。
请写一篇文章阐明你的观点。
你的文章必须包括：●简要介绍两种购物方式的不同之处●你喜欢那种购物方式？为什么？参考：Shopping online vs. shopping in physical storesAs scientific technologies developed faster and faster, our common lives have changed more and more, one of which is our shopping way.We have been shopping in physical stores, where a salesman may introduce many products to you and give you some advice about which one is the best choice, and you can try those clothes or shoes in person, even change another one if you find it not suitable to yourself.However, a new shopping method sprang up --- shopping online. There appear quantities of various stores on the Internet. You just need to click your mouse, and then you can see different kinds of commodities in them, with colorful pictures and detailed descriptions. If you are not clear about something, you can ask the customer service staff for help, who usually very kind and glad to answer your any question. Moreover, you can compare the same kind of products in different stores at the same time, which is able to save your time and avoid embarrassment.But every coin has two sides. Shopping online is not exceptional, so there are some disadvantages. First, you can never be sure whether the product is exactly what you see in the picture or read in the descriptions. What you receive may be much different from what is in your mind, for instance, strange color, wrong size or bad quality. Secondly, the products may be lost in the express delivery.From my perspective, I prefer shopping online, because I am too busy to have time go shopping in physical stores and goods online are usually cheaper. But I always choose the shops which have good reputation.【答案解析】文中包含题干的两个问题即可。
上海市长宁区嘉定区2015届高三(二模)英语试卷及答案
长宁区2015年高三英语教学质量抽测试卷第I卷（103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At the bus station. B. At the airport.C. At the post office.D. At the bank.2. A. Librarian and reader. B. Teacher and student.C. Boss and secretary.D. Shop-assistant and customer.3. A. It is quite interesting. B. It's time-consuming.C. It isn't worth seeing.D. It is very expensive.4. A. To complain about her heater. B. To go over for the heater.C. To get some electric power.D. To have her heater repaired.5. A. To postpone his schedule. B. To book in another hotel.C. To stay in the spare room.D. To reserve a room in advance.6. A. Accident victims. B. Rescue work.C. Plane crashes.D. Crash survivors.7. A. He has some trouble with his computer. B. He isn't getting along well with the staff.C. He hasn't registered for a proper course.D. He can't apply the theory to his program.8. A. She went out of the way to meet the man. B. She was pleased to talk with the man.C. She took the man where he wanted to go.D. She missed the chance to help the man.9. A. Smith will keep the surprise party a secret. B. Lucy hasn't got any promise from Smith.C. They shouldn't have told Lucy about the party.D. There's no secret between Smith and Lucy.10. A. Volunteers have to connect the community.B. The man has no time to do voluntary work.C. Voluntary work requires devotion of time.D. Many people have signed up for voluntary work.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three question on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer tothe question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Nick lost the book Ivan borrowed from the library.B. The book Ivan borrowed from Nick was missing.C. Nick and Ivan had conflicts in Ms. Salmon's class.D. Ivan was asked to return the book before finishing it.12. A. She asked Nick and Ivan to solve the problem by themselves.B. She gave Nick and Ivan the solution to their problem immediately.C. She asked students in social studies class to help solve the problem.D. She persuaded Ivan to pay for the book that Nick lent to him.13. A. A good way to resolve conflicts is to turn to your best friends.B. Nick and Ivan were unsatisfied with the solution to their problem.C. Signing an agreement helped to solve Nick and Ivan's problem.D. Social studies class can equip students with skills to resolve conflicts.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. She wanted to have a garden similar to their neighbor's.B. Her husband would like to have a beautiful backyard.C. She was going to make the rented house her own home.D. The community required them to keep the backyard lovely.15. A. By getting involved in doing voluntary work.B. By picking up mails for their neighbors.C. By keeping an eye on their neighbors' children.D. By planting trees along the street with others.16. A. Her husband volunteered to work in the neighborhood.B. They took on new responsibilities for their neighbors.C. She was planning to plant a new garden in the backyard.D. She enjoyed the relationship they built with the community.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Memo about Students' Essay WritingName: MaryEssay topic: the ____17 industryStrengths: ____18 well with statistics;interested in computer modelingProblems: lack of ____19 information;poor at ____20 .Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Why couldn't the tourists go out into theocean as planned?Because of ____2l in the area.What are the tourists likely to find in thewater near the mouth of the bay?____22When can the tourists take a comfortablebath in the bubbling hot water?Before ____23_____How long will the trip last?____24____Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Read the following two passages. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fillin each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)We had to climb right up the hill , which is very steep, and ,when close under it , it seemed to be high,but we soon reached the top . When we were there, we had lost sight of the lake; and now our road was over a wild land.____25_____(go) a little way, we saw before us , at the distance of about half a mile, a verylarge stone building, with a high wall round it , neither field nor tree near.The wild land was overgrown with grey grass that cattle might feed upon. We could not tell ___26_____ this building was. It appeared ___27____ _______ it had been built strong to defend from storms; but for what purpose? William called out to us that we should observe that place well, for it was exactly like one of the shelters of the Alps(阿尔卑斯山), ___28____(build) for the reception of travelers, and indeed I had thought it ____29_____ be so. This building, from its singular structure and appearance, made the place , which is itself in a country ____30_____ Scotland, remarkable.When we ___31____(pass) it and looked back, three pyramidal mountains on the opposite side of Lock Lomond ended the view, ____32_____ in certain kind of weather might be very grand. Our highland companion had not got enough English to give us any information concerning this srange building . Whatwe could only get from her was that it was a "large house", which was plain enough.(B)All plants need water to grow. Watering plants seems like a simple task but it actually requires many considerations. For example , plants growing in areas with low rainfall or areas ____33___(expose) to dry wind require more water. On the other hand, plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the ability to store water in their cells require ___34_____(frequent) watering . The watering of plants should not be viewed as a minor process in gardening ___35______ this task plays an extremely important role in ensuring healthy plant growth.Let's first take a closer look at plants growing in gardens. Since watering is a critical gardening task,____36___ accessible water supply is vital. A garden tap with a hose of sufficient length to reach the furthest part of the garden ____37_____(prefer). This tends to make watering much easier and ensures adequate water is provided for the plants. Most inexperienced gardeners water little ____38____very frequently. This is undesirable as it encourages shallow root growth. In addition, watering in full sun causes leaves to lose water quickly from the surface of the soil. Therefore, some experts recommend ____39______(install) an automatic watering system.As for plants growing in pots or containers, they tend to lose water rapidly. One way to reduce such arisk is ____40_____(group) the plants close together to keep moisture. Try to move them to a shady place if you are away from home for a few days. Otherwise, you will return home to see your plants dead.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. securityB. representedC. deleteD. respectE. violentF. disorderlyG. wonder H. withdraw I. agreeable J. knocked K. enjoymentThe fortunate people in the world, the only really fortunate people in the world in my mind, are those whose work is also their pleasure. The class is not a large one, not nearly so large as it is often ____41____to be, and authors are perhaps one of the most important elements in its composition. They enjoy in this____42 at least a real harmony of life. To my mind, to be able to make your work your pleasure is the one class distinction in the world worth striving for; and I do not ____43____ that others tend to envy those happy human beings who find their livelihood in the gay effusions (流露) of their fancy, to whom every hour of labor is an hour of ____44____ and even a holiday is almost deprivation (丧失). Whether a man writes well or ill, has much to say or little, if he cares about writing at all, he will appreciate the pleasures of composition.To sit at the table on a sunny morning, with four clear hours of uninterruptible ____45 plenty of nice white paper and a pen is true happiness. With the complete absorption of the mind upon a(n) ____46 occupation, what more is there than that to desire? What does it matter what happens outside? The House of Commons may do what it likes, and so may the House of Lords. The bottom may be____47 clean out of the American market. The heathen (异教徒) may show ___48 anger in every part of the globe. Never mind, for four hours, at any rate, we will ____49 ourselves from a common, ill-governed, and ____50____ world.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Early in the age of affluence (富裕) that followed World War II, an American economic analyst declared, "Our enormously productive economy demands that we make consumption our way of life, thatwe convert the buying and use of goods into habits, that we seek our __51___ satisfaction, our self-satisfaction in consumption. We need things consumed, burned up, worn out, replaced at an ever ___52___ rate." Americans have __53____ to the call, and much of the world has followed.Consumption has become a central pillar of life in industrial lands and is even deeply rooted in social___54__. Opinion surveys in the world's two largest economies, Japan and the United States, show consumerist definitions of success becoming very popular.Over consumption by the fortunate in the world is an environmental problem ___55___ in severity by anything but perhaps population growth. Their increasing exploitation of resources __56___ to exhaust or unalterably spoils forests, soils, water, air and climate.Ironically (有讽刺意味的), high consumption may be a __57___ blessing in human terms, too. The time-honored values of integrity of character, good work, friendship, family and community have often been___58___ in the rush to riches.Thus, many people in the industrial lands have a sense that their world of plenty is somehow hollow.With the __59____ of a consumerist culture, they also think that they have been ___60__ attempting to satisfy what are essentially social, psychological and spiritual needs with material things.___61___, the opposite of overconsumption—poverty—is no ___62___ to either environmental or human problems. It is much worse for people and bad for the natural world too. Peasants who have nothing left cut-and-burn their way into the rain forests of Latin America, and hungry nomads (游牧民) turn their animals out onto African grassland, reducing it to ___63____.If environmental ___64___ results when people have either too little or too much, we are left to wonder how much is enough. What level of consumption can the earth support? When does having more___65___ to add noticeably to human satisfaction?51. A. natural B. spiritual C. cultural D. actual52. A. promising B. promoting C. falling D. increasing53. A. proved B. returned C. responded D. persevered54. A. values B. moralities C. identities D. problems55. A. qualified B. unmatched C. compared D. unprocessed56. A. happens B. manages C. starts D. threatens57. A. mixed B. detected C. counted D. terrified58. A. promoted B. sacrificed C. satisfied D. relieved59. A. improving B. neglecting C. sponsoring D. misleading60. A. fruitlessly B. successfully C. occasionally D. eagerly。
(完整word版)2015年高考上海英语试卷含答案,推荐文档
2015年高考上海英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
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试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
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第Ⅰ卷（共103分）Ⅰ.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between tow speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it,read the four possible answers on you paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.Impatient B.Confused C.Pleased D.Regretful2.At a bus stop B.At a laundry C.At the dentist’s D.At the chemist’s3.An actor B.A salesman C.A translator D.A writer4.A .He lost his classmate’s homework. B.He can’t help the woman with her math.C.He broke the woman’s calculator.D.He doesn’t know where the “on” button is.5.A.The woman should go to another couner.B.The woman gives the man so many choices.C.The man dislike the sandwiches offered there.D.The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.6.A.She has no idea where to find the man’s exam result.B.She isn’t allowed to tell students their grades.C.Dr.White hasn’t finished grading the papers.D.Dr.White doesn’t want to be contacted while he’s away.7.A .Move to a next dormitory B.Find a person to share their apartment.C.Clean the room with roommateD.Write an article about their roommate.8.A.Bob won’t take her advice.B.Bob doesn’t want to go abroad.C.She doesn’t think Bob should study overseas.D.She hasn’t talked to Bob since he went abroad.9.A.The snack bar isn’t usually so empty.B.Dessert is served in the snack bar.C.The snack bar is near the library.D.Snacks aren’t sllowed in th library.10.A.Take her bicycle to the repair shop.B.Leave her bicycle outside.C.Clean the garage after the rain stops.D.Check if the garage is dry.Section BDirections: In Section B,you will hear two short passages,and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Question 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A.It helps care for custermer’s dogs. B.You have to buy food for dogs.C.None of the dogs are cagedD.There is a dog named Princess12.A.She likes the food there. B.She enjoys the fun with a pet.C.She can have free coffee.D.She doesn’t like to be alone.13.A.A new kind of care. B.A new brand of coffee.C.A new home for pets.D.A new way to raise pets.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14.A.A trend that high achiever are given a lower salary.B.A view that life quallity is more important than pay.C.A dream of the young for fast-paced jobsD. A new term created by high achivers15.A.10% B.12% C.6% D.7%16.A.People are less satisfied with their lives. B.The financial investment may increase.C.Well-paid jobs are not easy to find.D.Unexpected problem may arise.Section CDirections: In Section C,you will hear tow longer conversations.The conversations will be read twice.After you hear each conversation,you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answersBlanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form.Write ONE WORD for each answer.SRTService NotesAccount NO.: 17Service Requests Check the 18Solution: send another 19 2pm. on 20Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.In what way are these climbers special? They are all 21Why did they choose to conquer Mount Kilimanjaro? To prove 22What did they do in time of difficulty? They persevered, 23each other.How did the record their adventure? By keeping 24Ⅱ.Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: Af ter reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Gift from a strangerMy local supermarket is aways busy. The first parking space I found was convenient,but I’d noticed awoman in a blue car cireling for a white (25) I was in a good mood, I left her have it .On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot-it was a tight fit.Pretty soon I’d made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26) (empty) my purse change into the heads of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park.Just as I approached my car, I saw the woman I’d let have my car spot carlier.She was fiving me(27) .odd-look half puzzled,half intent(热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I back into my car, I saw the same lady(28) (look) in at me. “Hello,” she said ,hesitantly “This (29) sould crazy, but I was on my way to drop some of my mother’s thing off at the charity bins. You are just so much (30) her. You helped those people , I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and paused a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.”(31) (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause. I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was (32) （nice）gift I’d ever receibed, and I was from a complete stanger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.(B)Ask Helpful HannahDear Helpfu hannah,I’d got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smartphone a couple of months ago, and be took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado. It was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant arge (33) (check) for text messages, he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he just can’t stand the idea(34) there may be an important text . He can’t help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him ! He behaves (35) any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn’t. The temptation to see（36）is connecting him is just too great.When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop (37) (igoore) me, he says, “ In a minute,” but still checks to see if (38) has posted something new on the internet. Our life (39) (interrupt). If we go somewhere and I ask him to leave the phone at home ,he suffers from withdrawal symptoms. Mybe this dependency on his smartphone has become more than an everyday problem.I recently read an article about “nomophobia” (40) is real illness people can suffer from the feat of being without your phone! I am worried that Sam may be suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn’t have his phone with him, even for a short time.Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!Sick and Tired SadieSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Considering how much time people spend in offices,it is important that work spaces be welll designed.Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation’s image. They motivate workers, and they make an impression on people who visit and might be potential, or 41 ,customers,They make businesseswork better, and they are a part of the corporate culture we live in.As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one,office designers have come up with 42 to the traditional work envionments of the past, The design industry has moved away from a fixed offices setup and created more flexible “strategic management environments”. These 43 solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.As employee hierachies（等级制度）have flattened,or decreased,office designers’ response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and crate fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been 44 by changes in workstation design. Offices and work spaces often are not 45 to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new designs allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage,and equipment within the workstation.Another important design goal is communication,which designers have improved by lowering the walls that 46 workstations.Designers have also created informal gathering places,and upgraded employees' 47 to heavily traficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often 48 demands,including budgetary limits, employee hierarchies,and techological innovation（especially in relation to computerization）.These demands must also be balanced with the need to careate interiors（内饰）that in some way enchance,establish,or promote a company's inmage and will enable employees to 49 at their best. All these 50 of office design are related.The most successful office designs are like a goodmarriage-thewell-designed office and the employess that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to cente r on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 to people’s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First ImpressionTo help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their 58 judgements often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 60 KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicalslike pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. artificial53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle54. A. seated B. impressed C. changed D. erased55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D.positon56. A. illustrations B. imaginations C. ingredients D. instructors57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall58. A. critical B. initial C. random D.mature59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question60. A. Nose B . Eye C. Heart D. Hand61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted63. A. emotion B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. asses65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. IrritatingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of life art during several years of research around the world.For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard.The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland,celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.67. “The heyday of the snowman” (paragraph 4) means the time when___________.A. snowmen were made mainly by artistsB. snowmen enjoyed great popularityC. snowmen were politically criticizedD. snowmen caused damaging floods68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.A. the start of the paradeB. the coming of a longer summerC. the passing of the winterD. the success of tradesmen69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?A. They were appreciated in historyB. They have lost their valueC. They were related to moviesD. They vary in shape and size(B)Scary BunnyThe Curse of the Were-Rabbit(2005) is the first full-length featurefilm made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazingplasticine(粘土) characters Wallace and Gromit. It won an Oscar in2006, and if you watch it, you’ll understand why. It’s an absolutelybrilliant cartoon comedy.Cheese-loving inventor Wallace and his brainy dog Gromit havestarted a company to protect the town’s vegetables from hungryrabbits. However, just before the annual Giant Vegetable70. In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly about?A. The introduction to the leading rolesB. The writer’s opinion of actingC. The writer’s comments on the storyD. The background information71. According to the film review, “monster” (paragraph B) refers to ______.A. a gun-crazy hunterB. a brainy dogC. a scary rabbitD. a giant vegetable72. Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?A. It’s full of wit and humour.B. Its characters show feelings without words.C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.D. It is about the harmony between man and animals.(C)One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorableman,” he said. “He was a traitor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was thatBrutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to endeavor,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar , sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆）of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism.Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes, contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the t ext with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say abo ut Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt related Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in le ading the after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss?73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?A. Cruel.B. Superior.C. Honorable.D. Bade74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to ________.A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays betterB. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s pl aysC. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshopsD. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.D. To warn executives against power misuse.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.A. the A delmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.77. The best title for the passage is _____.A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate cultureB. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business successC. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for business motivationD. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic resultsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children’s development. First, sport programs can provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth sport programs have long been consi dered important to youth’s psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they mustconsider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.Research from Telama (2006) states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté (2002) defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g. in the street. on a playing field or in someone’s backyard). When involved in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their outcome of their behavior. (whether they win or lose) than with the behavior. (having fun).On the other hand, Ericsson (1993) suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior. focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although drills are used in most effective means available practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?79. If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likelyto________________.80. In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?81. In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at____________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。
2015上海市嘉定区高三一模英语试题及答案
2015上海市嘉定区高三一模英语试题及答案高考频道为您提供最及时的资讯，下面的2015上海市嘉定区高三一模英语试题及答案希望对您有所帮助2014学年度嘉定区高三年级第一次质量调研英语试卷（考试时间120分钟，满分150分。
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）第I卷（共 103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 3:40. B. 4:00. C. 4:20. D. 3:20.2. A. He wants to get a new position. B. He is asking the woman for help.C. He has left the woman a good impression.D. He enjoys letter writing.3. A. At a newsstand. B. At a car dealer’s.C. At a newspaper office.D. At a publishing house.4. A. The weather forecast says it will be fine.B. The weather doesn’t count in their plan.C. They will not do as planned in case of rain.D. They will postpone their programme if it rains.5. A. He is not used to city life. B. He is very tall and thin.C. It’s hard to find him there.D. He is alwaysholding a needle.6. A. His computer doesn’t work well.B. He isn’t getting along with his stuff.C. He didn’t register for a proper course.D. He can’t apply the theory to his program..7. A. He lent her his extra pen. B. He was afraid of losing his pen.C. He offered her a pencil.D. He said he didn’t have any extra ink.8. A. Neither of the watches keeps good time.B. The woman’s watch stopped three hour s ago.C. The man’s watch goes too fast.D. It’s too dark for the woman to read her watch.9. A. By going on a diet. B. By having fewer meals.C. By doing physical exercise.D. By eating fruits and vegetables.10. A. The plane’s departure time remains unknown.B. The man went to a wrong check-in counter.C. The man has just missed the flight.D. The plane will leave at 9:14.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 100 million. B. 50 to 100 million.C. 15 million.D. 500 million.12. A. Aristotle. B. A Russian.C. Nobel.D. Dolly.13. A. Animal testing is unnecessary and a poor scientific practice.B. Animals have played an important part in many scientific research.C. Many Nobel Prize winners are interested in animal testing.D. Animal research was carried out in every medical advance of the last century.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To encourage people to participate in a club activity.B. To introduce a new kind of bicycle.C. To inform beginning cyclists about New Jersey’s traffic laws.D. To warn tourists about bicycling on the roadways.15. A. Some of them are inaccessible to beginning cyclists.B. Some of them record the development of the bicycle.C. They are nice places to visit on bicycle tours.D. They help to make New Jersey a wealthy state.16. A. Repair their bicycles. B. Go on a bicycle tour.C. Take a test about road safety.D. Participate in a bicycle race.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the followingconversation.Hospital RegistrationNAME: Michelle RobertsHOME ADDRESS: 81 South 17 DrivePOSTCODE: 18NATIONALITY: 19ARRIVAL DATE: May 12thDEPARTURE DATE: May 20Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Why does the woman want to see the manager? Because she wants to 21 .Why is the woman so angry? Because it seems that the hotel didn’t have 22 before she moved in.What will the manager send someone to do there? He will send someone to examine the 23 .What is the possible reason for the hotel’s carelessness? They have been extremely busy with 24 .Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II．Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.ARunning is becoming increasingly popular in cities because it is a good way of keeping fit. More importantly, it (25)________ (signal) a society's awakening against the slavery imposed by the modern way of life, complete with the Internet, mobile phones, iPads and apps which make people lazy, says Liao Baoping in (26)________ article in Xinhua News Telegraph.Not only are more people taking to running, they are (27)________ using wearable devices and using software on their cellphones to record the distance they cover and the amount of calories they burn. Besides, charting out ideal running routes in cities has become a popular topic of discussion among runners.But apart from physical fitness and stress-relief, there are other reasons why running has become so popular in China.(28)________ hen an activity becomes fashion, says Liao, it has to satisfy people’s psychological needs .The commute from home to office and back, or a drive to a shopping mall, has become routine in today's "concrete jungles". Living in rooms (29)________ with air conditioners, many people don't even feel the changes in the season. We are moving farther away from nature thanks to the knowledge and technologies (30)________ have been acquired and mastered so far,says Liao.According to Liao, to some extent, running is an escape from the risks and boredom of modern life. It (31)________ be seen as people's longing for a return to nature.People desperately want to get rid of the restrictions of modern life. And a pair of running shoes and perseverance are (32)________ one needs to become a runner and embrace nature.BAmericans are living longer, with our average life expectancy now surpassing 78 years, up from less than 74 years in 1980.Butwe are not necessarily living (33) ________(healthy). The incidence of a variety of chronic diseases,(34) ________diabetes and heart disease, has also been growing dramatically, especially among people who are not yet elderly.The mix of those two developments (35) ________(lead) to what some researchers have identified as a “lengthening of morbidity(病态)”. (36) ________means we are spending more years living with chronic disease and ill health-not the outcome that most of us would hope for from a prolonged life span.But a notable new study published in Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that a little advance planning could change that prospect. Being or becoming fit in middle age, the study found, (37) ________ ________ you haven’t previously bothered with exercise, appears to reshape the landscape in aging.For the study, researchers gathered medical records for 18,670 middle-aged men and women who’d visited the Cooper Clinic for a checkup (38) ________ (begin) in 1970.(39) ________ they found was that those adults who had been the least fit at the time of their middle-age checkup also were the most likely (40) ________ (develop) any of eight serious or chronic conditions early in the ageing process. These include heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer’s, and colon or lung cancer.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box．Each word can only be used once．Note that there is one word more than you need．A. equivalentsB. increaseC. cappedD. acknowledgedE. regulationsF. comparativelyG. undeniableH. vastI. restorationJ. rankedK. moderatelyThis past National Day holiday saw upwards of half a billion Chinese citizens travelling. While some flew off to international destinations, the ___41___ majority enjoyed the many tourist sites that China has to offer. If you were one of those people who decided to explore China’s scenic spots, you probably realized that it isn’t just the mountain steps that are steep-the entrance fees are, too!The average cost of the highest ___42___ 5A attractions is 109 yuan. This could prove to be a little too steep for some families, who find themselves spending too large a portion of their holiday budget on admission tickets. The 32 5A locations that upped their prices in the past five years experienced an average ___43___ of over 40 percent. The bad news is that these prices are expected to continue to rise. So how does China’s situation compare to other parts of the world? The average fees for cultural and historical sites seem to be on par with(与…同价) international ____44__ It’s quite another story, however, when you compare natural wonders. For example, the cost of a ticket to Zhangjiajie National Forest Park(张家界国家森林公园) hovers around 245 yuan for a three-day tour. This seems ___45_ high when you consider that a week long pass to America’s Yellowstone National Park (黄石国家公园)is a mere 74 yuan. here are ___46__ benefits to increased revenue(收益) from ticket sales, which support necessary ___47_ , maintenance and operation costs. This is especially important for sites that must keep visitor numbers down in order to protect the natural environment. However, it must also be ___48_ that many of China’s tourist att ractions are operated by private companies who are ultimately protecting their bottomline(盈亏底线).While the government has put some ___49___ in place, such as only allowing entrance fees to be raised once every three years, they have not ___50___ the upper limit of ticket prices and increases. Further measures to settle the dispute are being considered. In the meantime, some families are forced to re-think if some attractions are really worth the costs.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The continuous presentation of frightening stories about global warming in the popular media makes us unnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it __51__ our kids.Al Gore famously __52__ how a sea-level rise of 20 feet would almost completely flood Florida, New York, Holland, and Shanghai, even though the United Nations says that such a thing will not even happen, __53__ that sea levels will rise 20 times less than that. When __54_ with these exaggerations（夸大）, some of us say that they are for a good cause, and surely there is no harm done if the result is that we focus even more on tackling climate change.This __55__ is astonishingly wrong. Such exaggerations do plenty of harm. Worrying excessively about global warming means that we worry less about other things, where we could do so much more good. We focus, __56 __, on global warming's impact on malaria (疟疾)-which will put slightly more people at __57__ in 100 years - instead of tackling the half a billion people __58__from malaria today with prevention and treatment policies that are much cheaper and dramatically more effective thancarbon reduction would be. Exaggeration also wears out the public's __59__to cope with global warming. If the planet is certain to be destroyed owing to global warming, people wonder, why do anything? A record 54% of American voters now believe the news media make global warming appear worse than it really is. A __60__ of people now believe –incorrectly –that global warming is not even caused by humans.But the __61__ cost of exaggeration, I believe, is the unnecessary alarm that it causes – particularly among children. An article in The Washington Post cited nine-year-old Alyssa, who cries about the possibility of mass animal __62__ from global warming.The newspaper also reported that parents are __63__effective outlets for their eight-year-olds' concern with dying polar bears. They might be better off educating them and letting them know that, __64__ to common belief, the global polar bear population has doubled over the past half- century, to about 22,000. __65__ the possible disappearing of summer Arctic ice, polar bears will not become extinct.51. A. exhausts B. depresses C. terrifies D. exploits52. A. dismissed B. demonstrated C. deposited D. described53. A. measuring B. justifying C. estimating D. advocating54. A. faced B. identified C. equipped D. entitled55. A. announcement B. argument C. interaction D. dialogue56. A. for example B. in addition C. by contrast D. in short57. A. peace B. leisure C. ease D. risk58. A. suffering B. evolving C. developing D. prohibiting59. A. ability B. endurance C. willingness D. preference60. A. mixture B. majority C. quantity D. crowd61. A. smallest B. worst C. fewest D. least62. A. separation B. reservation C. isolation D. extinction63. A. turning out B. taking over C. searching for D. pulling through64. A. sensitive B. contrary C. related D. accustomed65. A. Despite B. Besides C. Without D. ExceptSection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read．AAre some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by ourenvironment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. Tosome extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a geniusout of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of person's intelligence are fixed atbirth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.66. Which of these sentences best describes the writer’s point in Paragraph 1?A. To some extent, intelligence is given at birth.B. Intelligence is developed by the environment.C. Some people are born clever and others born stupid.D. Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.67. It is suggested in this passage that_______.A. close relation usually have similar intelligenceB. unrelated people are not likely to have different intelligenceC. the closer the blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be in intelligenceD. people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees of intelligence68. The phrase “at random”(Line3, para.2) means _______ .A. purposelyB. intendedly C .aimlessly D. independently69. The best title for this article would be_______.A. What Dose Intelligence Means ?B. On IntelligenceC. We Are Born with IntelligenceD. Environment Plays a Part in Developing IntelligenceBWhich tablet computer should YOU be buying: They are this year's must have... andthere's a style to suit everyone?Best for young childrenLeapPad Explorer 2, £68Aimed at children between three and nine (though a nine-year-old might find it a little simple), it comes in pink or blue and with five built-in education games (you can buy more). Besides, the LeapPad does not allow access to the internet —so it is impossible for your child to stumble across anything inappropriate.Pros: The education games are well-designed, the built-in video camera is a fun way to play at being a film director.Cons: Some of the games are shockingly expensive. And the power adaptor is not included.Best for teenagersiPad 4th generation, £399-£659The iPad is still the market leader, and for good reason. If the teenager in your house enjoys playing computer games, the latest offering from Apple is the one to choose.Pros: No other tablet can compete with the near one million ‘apps’ (the name Apple created for specially-designed downloadable programs) available for the iPad. Simple to use, even for those who usually struggle with technology.Cons: Considerably more expensive than most competitors.Best for working parentsMicrosoft Surface, £399-£559Tablets are brilliant for leisure — but what if you want to do a bit of work? No tablet can yet compete with a full-size laptop computer, but this is the only tablet that allows you to use Microsoft Word, Excel and Powerpoint (they are all pre-installed and included in the price) and you can buy a pretty lovely mini- keyboard for typing letters and emails, which also doubles up as the cover.Pros: The Surface is good for watching movies — a bonus when stuck in the airport on a business trip — and surfing the internet.Con: The keyboard is an expensive add-on — costing up to £109. It might be cheaper to buy a laptop (though a tablet is much smaller and lighter).Best for bookwormsAmazon Kindle Paperwhite, £109Nearly all tablets let you download books. It's a great way to take a mountainous pile of hardbacks on holiday without stuffing your suitcase.But most tablets have a shiny screen —which can be very distracting when you're trying to read. The Paperwhite is different: its matt screen and crisp black lettering imitate the look of words on paper brilliantly. And yet you can still read the words in the dark.Pros: Easy on the eye, excellent battery life, 180,000 free books (if you subscribe to the Amazon Prime customer loyalty service) plus hundreds of thousands more to buy.Cons: No TV, films, games, internet or camera.70. The underlined phrase ‘stumble across’ most pro bably means ‘___________’.A. quarrel withB. meet withC. compare withD. compete with71. Which of the following about Surface is TRUE?A. You have to pay extra to install Microsoft Word.B. The keyboard can serve as a cover.C. The keyboard will not add to the cost of the tablet computer.D. You cannot watch movies or surf the internet with it.72. If you are a game lover, which tablet is least likely to be your choice?A. Amazon Kindle Paperwhite. 2.B. iPad 4th generationC. Microsoft Surface.D. LeapPad Explorer73.If you want to add something to your prepared PPT for a presentation at a meeting, which tablet is most helpful?A. LeapPad Explorer 2.B. ipad 4th generationC. Microsoft SurfaceD. Amazon Kindle Paperwhite.CConventional wisdom says that hardship can make us old before our time. In fact, a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long¬-term sca rs on children’s bodies, but also changes their DNA, causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging.Scientists measured this by studying the ends of children’s chromosomes(染色体), called telomeres, says Idan Shalev, lead author of a study published in Molecular Psychiatry.Telomeres are special DNA sequences which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating. They get shorter each time a cell divides, until a cell cannot divide any more and dies.Several factors have been found to shorten telomeres, including smoking, radiation and psychological stresses such as being treated badly when young and taking care of a chronically ill person.In this study, researchers examined whether exposure to violence could make childre’s telomeres shorten faster than normal. They interviewed the mothers of 236 children at ages 5, 7 and 10, asking whether the youngsters had been exposed to domestic violence between the mother and her partner; physical maltreatment by an adult; or bullying. Researchers measured the children’s telomeres—in cells obtained by swabbing the insides of their cheeks—at ages 5 and 10.Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence, says Shalev. Unless that pattern changes, the study suggests, these kids could be expected to develop diseases of aging, such as heart attacks or memory loss, seven to 10 years earlier than their peers.Shalev says there is hope for these kids. His study found that,in rare cases, telomeres can lengthen. Better nutrition, exercise and stress reduction are three things that may be able to lengthen telomeres, he says.He study confirms a small ¬but¬ growing number of studies suggesting that early childhood adversity imprints itself in our chromosomes, says Charles Nelson, a professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at Harvard Medical School.74. The new study found that ________.A. violence leaves scars on a child’s mindB. hardship can change a child’s agingC. violence can speed up a child’s agingD. hardship has a long¬-te rm effect on a child’s mind75. According to the text, telomeres ________.A. can make a cell die quicklyB. can help prevent DNA from separatingC. become shorter before they dieD. are at the ends of people’s chromosomes76. All of the following things can shorten telomeres EXCEPT ________.A. smokingB. cell divisionC. maltreatmentD. doing exercise77. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the text?A. Violence can cause quick cell division in children’s body.B. Being treated badly will make a child’s telomeres shorten faster.C. Researchers measured the children’s telomeres from their legs in the study.D. Children who have shorter telomeres may have a heart attack earlier.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.When Danny Bowman was at school, he was so desperate to attract girls, he spent 10 hours a day taking more than 200 selfies （自拍）trying to find the perfect image.But his addiction, which began at the age of 15, caused him to drop out of school and lose almost 7 kilogrames in weight. He would take 10 photos of himself before he washed and would sneak out of class three times every hour. At 16, he dropped out of school so he could focus on his addiction, and his appetite became worse.He did not leave his house in Newcastle upon Tyne for six months, and when he failed to take the flawless shot, he tried to kill himself by taking an overdose.The 19-year-old believed to be Britains first selfie addict, has now had therapy to treat his technology addiction, OCD（强迫性神经官症)and Body dimorphic disorder —an excessive anxiety about personal appearance.He has not taken a picture of himself in seven months, and has realized that achieving perfection is impossible. He told the Sunday Mirror: “I was constantly in search of taking the perfect selfie and when I realized I couldn’t, I wanted to die. I lost my friends, my education, my health and almost my life. The only thing I cared about was having my phone with me so I could satisfy the urge to capture a picture of myself at any time of the day.” He would look at photos of his “idol” Leonardo Di Caprio and would then copy his poses. Danny’s dream was to become a male model.The selfie craze has grown in past five years, with stars,politicians and even Pope Francis posting getting involved in the sensation. But one psychologist at a clinic where Danny was treated said the addiction with taking selfies has now become a mental illness. Now determined to raise awareness of the anxiety disorder, Danny is working with Fixers---a national charity helping young people to ”fix”the issues that bother them. He said their help has kept him alive and called on others to seek help before they end up in hospital(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 10 WORDS. )78. Danny spent 10 hours a day taking more than 200 selfies at schoolBecause ______________________________________________.79. What is the most serious symptom about Danny?______________________________________.80. What can be inferred from the treatment about the addiction of Danny’s selfie?_____________________________________________.81. ____________________________ made Danny change for the better both physically and mentally?第II卷 (共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word or phrase given in the brackets.82、学生们轮流到附近的火车站做志愿者。
最新上海市11校联考2015学年第一学期高三英语试卷参考答案
2015学年度第一学期11校联考高三英语试卷参考答案1-10: 10分(每题1分)1. C2. B3. D4. A5. B6. D7. D8. C9.C 10. A11-16:12分(每题2分)11. A 12. B 13. C 14. B 15. D 16. B17-24: 8分(每题1分)17. Electricity 18. singles 19. October 20. transfer21. Education 22. most successful creature23. (incredibly) adaptable 24. their body chemistry25-40: 16分(每题1分)25. the 26. was saved 27. being driven 28. to find 29. Even if 30. that31. both 32. was 33. in 34. carrying 35. Made 36. cost 37. could 38. later39. as if 40. which41-50: 10分(每题1分)41~45 KHIJG 46~50 CADBE51-65: 15分(每题1分)51~55 DDCBA 56~60 BACAD 61~65 BACBD66-77: 24分(每题2分)66~69 CBAA 70~72 DBC 73~77 ABDCA回答问题:8分(每题2分)78. avatar / virtual figure / virtual psychologist / virtual human79. people are more open and honest with an AIVH80. find out what was wrong with them81. Soldiers avoid seeing psychologists.翻译: 22分(4*4*4*5*5)1. The Summer Palace is recognized as one of the most beautiful parks in Beijing.1 1 1 12. The first week of the semester is meant to get students familiar with their school life.1 1 1 13. The person who Tom saw in the living room yesterday morning proved to be his aunt.1 1 1 14. The group members need to complete different tasks, and the three of them are devoted to collecting1 1 1 1 1materials.5. The doctor suggests that I not take any pain-killer, even if it may ease me from the pain.1 1.5 1 1.5写作:25分。
上海市嘉定区中考英语一模试卷(含答案)
嘉定区2015年初三英语一模练习（九）（满分150分，完卷时间100分钟）2015.1考生注意：本卷有7大题，共94小题。
试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题卡上完成，做在试卷上不给分。
Part 1 Listening （第一部分听力）I. Listening comprehension (听力理解) (共30 分)A. Listen and choose the right picture (根据你听到的内容，选出相应的图片) (6 分)B. Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案)：(8分)7. A) 2. B) 3. C) 4. D) 5.8. A) Basketball. B) Table tennis. C) Football. D) Tennis.9. A) In Room 607. B) In Room 617. C) In Room 706. D) In Room 716.10. A) The man's cousin. B) The man's brother.C) The man's friend. D) The man's neighbour.11. A) A waiter and a customer. B) A doctor and a patient.C) A husband and a wife. D) A shop assistant and a customer.12. A) A teacher. B) A dancer. C) A doctor. D) A singer.13. A) Once a week. B) Every month. C) Every day. D) Twice a month.14. A) Because she wasn't feeling well.B) Because her son wasn't feeling well.C) Because she has made quite a few typing mistakes.D) Because her son doesn't do well in school.C. Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false (判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容, 符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示) (7分)15. Franco took a trip to San Francisco last winter.16. He took the train there because he really wanted to see the United States.17. The train left for San Francisco at 10:30 a.m. on Monday.18. It took him three days to get to San Francisco by train.19. On Saturday he paid a visit to a museum and enjoyed himself.20. He flew back to New York and saw the desert, mountains, farms, and cities below him.D. Listen to the passage and complete the following sentences（听短文，完成下列内容。
2015年上海各区高三英语一模分类汇编：翻译及答案
(point)
5. 进入丛林不远，只见一条清澈的小溪映入了我们的眼帘。 长宁区
(before)
1. 均衡的膳食是保持健康的关键 .(key)
2. 没有什么风景比我现在看到的更好。 (than) 3. 每个人都要为自己的人生负责，因为人生就是一系列的选择。
(responsible)
4. 学生应该学会如何保护自己以防止意外伤害的建议是. 任何人仅凭背单词是不可能考出好成绩的， 更不用说具有和老外交流的能力。 (Only)
静安区 1. 你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会吗？
(possible)
2. 桌上有本最新版的英语字典。 (On) 3. 意识到健康重要性的人们正在越来越关注他们的饮食。
(aware)
4. 正式我国宇航员的精神才使我们克服了所有的艰难险阻。
(phenomenon)
5. 商家制造的一年一度的消费节为老百姓提供了花小钱买高品质商品的机会。
嘉定区
1. 学生们轮流到附近的火车站做志愿者。 (turn)
2. 他肯定早就意识到了英语的重要性，所以英语那么好。
(aware)
3. 不管多忙，我们每天都应给家人腾出些时间来。
(spare)
4. 我认为就此问题与那些固执己见的人争论下去没有意义了。
mention the ability to communicate with foreigners.
静安区
1. Is it possible for you to attend/come to my birthday party this evening?
2. On the table lies an English dictionary of the latest issue.
上海市各区高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：回答问题专题
上海市各区2015届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：回答问题专题Section CDirections: Read the following passage and then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.All of us rely on what we see. We say to ourselves, "I know I was there; I saw it happen" and that seems to settle the matter. Or does it? Can we really trust the evidence of our eyes?Take competitive sports for example. Most fans at sports events are always controlled by emotion, which leads to the fact that they will not agree with each other and even disagree with the referee although they watch the same game. "He was out of bounds when he caught the pass," says one fan. Another says, "You're crazy. I saw it with my own eyes. He was five feet in bounds. You must be blind." The referee rules that the receiver did step out of bounds. But thousands of fans are still not convinced—because they were there!It's the same story in the courtroom. Trial (审判) procedure depends on witnesses giving sworn testimony （证词）. But just how reliable is the testimony of a person who reports what he has seen? In a recent study, ten thousand witnesses were asked to describe the man they saw commit a crime. The study reveals that, on the average, the witnesses overestimated the man's height by five inches, his age by eight years, and gave the wrong hair colour in 83 percent of the cases. These witnesses didn't play tricks on them!What can we do to keep error to minimum? Above all, don't let your emotions interfere with your vision. Don't see something because you want to see it. Another solution to the problem would, of course, be to note down what you see. Don't rely on your memory alone. Take pictures, make recordings, and use any other aid, which will help a lot to reduce distortion. One more solution is also needed: The error is not likely to be minimized until the people involved stay relaxed. If you are tense, you are very likely to see red when the colour is blue.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78. The reason why fans disagree with each other at sports events is that few of them_____.79. The word "them" in Para.3 refers to________.80. What are the other two solutions to keeping visual error to minimum besides not letting your emotions interfere with your vision?81. It can be inferred from the passage that the author takes sports events and courtroom as examples in order to illustrate ______.78. are not controlled by emotion79. the man's height, age and hair colour80. Nothing down what you see and staying relaxed.81. We can't completely trust the evidence of eyesSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.On October 29, 1929, the United States stock market crashed. In the days that followed, banks and businesses closed, the number of the unemployed workers rose to 15million, and many people lost their savings. As the economic crisis wore on, it became known as the Great Depression. It left many people feeling anxious and uncertain about the future.Within days of his inauguration(就职典礼) in 1933, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt(FDR) began taking steps to stabilize the banking system, support the economy, and provide jobs for unemployed workers. To keep the American public informed about the changes that were underway, he gave a series of radio addresses called fireside chats. FDR used these broadcasts to speak about a number of issues. Thefirst of Roosevelt’s fireside chats was delivered on Sunday, March 12,1933. His goal in this message was to explain the bank crisis in the United States.He explained to American why banks had run out of money. Roosevelt assured people that their money was safe and that they could get their money when they really needed it. He said that most of the banks would be open the next day and that others would be open again very soon. His message’s purpose was to restore American’s confidence in their banking system.Roosevelt’s chats to America were popular with the people. Many looked forward to hearing what FDR had to say. The White House did not always tell the public whether a particular radio address was to be regarded as a fireside chat. As a result, there is some question about the exact number of these speeches. Twenty-eight such addresses were definitely identified, and two other radio addresses could have also been chats.Roosevelt delivered his final fireside chat on June 12,1944. The focus was opening a fifth war-loan drive. He complimented the American people for supporting the war effort with the purchase of more than $32 billion of war bonds. He encouraged them to buy more as the war effort continued to cost money every day, money that he confidently predicted would lead to final victory.(Notes:Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78.______________ led to the Great Depression according to the passage.79. What’s the purpose of Roosevelt’s fireside chats?80. Roosevelt delivered his first fireside chat to assure people of _____________________.81. Why did Roosevelt praise the American people in his final fireside chat?Keys:78. The crash of the United States stock market79. To keep the American public informed about importance issues/messages/the changes80. The safety of their money81. Because they supported the war effort by buying war bondsSunshine might be healthier than most people think, outweighing the risk of skin cancer. British doctors suggested last week and ran straight into a storm. The four researchers at Bristol University in western England were accused of weakening years of campaigning to warn people of the dangers of too much sun. Experts agree exposure to the sun’s ultraviolet rays (紫外线) increases the risk of skin cancer and accelerates the signs of aging. But in the British Medical Journal, the Bristol team led by Andr ew Ness wrote, “There is evidence that the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight may outweigh the widely publicized negative effects on the incidence of skin cancer.”Vitamin D, made in the body in reaction to sunlight, prevented rickets (软骨病) in children and was associated with a protective effect against heart disease.Sunshine was also useful for treating certain skin conditions and there was evidence that it reduced the incidence of multiple sclerosis (硬化症). There was also the “feel good effect o f lying or sitting in the sun.” The researchers said it was too early to advise people to spend more time in the sun, but suggested the basis of the current advice to cover up should be reviewed.“Perhaps, while we await the conclusions of such formal ana lyses, those of us who enjoy spending time in the sun can rest assured that the chance that we will be one of the people dying from the sun is small.” they added.Their article was strongly criticized by health campaigners who claimed it was unbalanced an d not backed by scientific evidence. Britain’s Health Education Authority said skin cancer was the most common form of cancer in the country, with more than 50,000 new cases diagnosed each year and more than 2,000 people dying from the disease. It said treatment almost always required surgery and almost 50 per cent of cases were fatal. The authority’s skin cancer campaign manager Christopher New said, “We are very disappointed with this controversial article. It doesn’t have enough supporting evidence and runs the risk of undoing many years of good health education.”(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. According to the four researchers at Bristol University,______________________________ does more good than harm.79. What does the author mean by saying “the British doctors ran straight into a storm”?80. The “good health education” reminds people ______________________________.81. People have not yet been able to reach an agreement on______________________________.Keys:78. exposure in sunshine.79. their article aroused a heated debate.80. that sunshine may cause skin cancer.81. whether sunshine is good for people or not.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The paper is written in an attempt to discuss what the creative process is .Though much theory has accumulated ,little is really known about the power that lies at the bottom of poetic creation. It is true that great poets and artists produce beauty by employing all the powers of personality and by combing emotions, reason, and intuitions(直觉). But what is the magical synthesis(合成) that joins and arranges these complex parts into poetic unity?John L.Lowes, in his justly famous” The Road to Xanadu,” developed one of the earliest and still generally acceptable answers to this interesting question. Imaginative creation. He concludes, is a complex process in which the conscious and unconscious minds jointly operate. “there is ….the deep well with its chaos(杂乱) of accidently mixingimages ,but there is likewise the vision which sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of form , and with the vision, the controlling will ,which gives to that potential beauty actuality.”The deep well is the unconscious mind that is peopled with the facts, ideas , feelings of the conscious activity. The imaginative vision, an unconscious activity, shines through the land of chaos, of lights and shadows , silently seeking pattern and form. Finally, the conscious mind again, through will , captures and embodies the idea in the final work of art. In this way is unity born out of chaos.Though there can be no absolute certainty, there is general agreement that the periods in the development of a creative work parallel(与….相似)，to someextent ,Lowes’s theory of well , vision , form and will. There are at least three stages in the creative process: preparation, inspiration, work.In a sen se, the period of preparation is all of the writer’s life. It is the deep well. It is especially a period of concentration which gives the unconscious mind an opportunity to communicate with the conscious mind. When remembrance of things past reaches thec onscious level of the writer’s mind, he is ready to go on with the process. Part of this preparation involves learning a medium---learning a language, learning how to write, learning literary forms. It is important to note here that form cannot be imposed upon the idea. Evidence, though not enough, shows that the idea gives birth to the form that can best convey it. It is the vision, according to Lowes, that sees shining in and through the chaos of the potential lines of form.(Answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than TEN words)78.John L. Lowes has provided an acceptable answer to the question of______________________.79._________________________are the four elements of John L. Lowes’ theory.80. How does the preparation stage contribute to the development of a creative work?81.According to the passage, what is the relationship between the idea and form.Keys:78.what the creative process is.79.Well, vision, form and will.80.By giving the unconscious mind an opportunity to communicate with the conscious mind.81.form cannot be imposed upon the idea but the idea gives birth to the form that can best convey it.Section CDirection：Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external (外在的) result or a product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a rise, the student whose grades improve, and the foreigner who learns a new language--all these examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts．By contrast, the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself, but rather the attitudes and feelings people have , their caution or courage, as they meet with new experiences and unexpected difficulties. In this process, the journey never really ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept．In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may "fail" at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential for our ability to grow．Do we see ourselves as quick and curious? If so, we tend to take more changes and be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we're shy and indecisive? Then our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and not to take a step until we know the ground issafe. Do we think we are slow to adapt to change or that we're not smart enough to deal with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not face or overcome these internal fears and doubt, if we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making．78.Based on the two basic ways to view growth mentioned in the passage, “Jane won the first prize in the speech competition.”can be regarded as______________________________.79.The process of growth refers to ___________________________________,when people come across new experiences and obstacles.80.If someone is keen on learning anything new, he is likely to____________________________.81.________________________________________or too much self-protection may prevent us growing.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Ten Words.)Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like "I never do anything right" into positive ones like "I can succeed." But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale right? Is there power in positive thinking?Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are. The study’s authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positive, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you’re just underlining his faul ts. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled. When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students’ self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, "I am lovable."Those with low self-esteem didn’t feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who weren’t urged to think positive t houghts.The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.(Note: Answer the question or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 12 WORDS)78.T he self- help industry is based on _________________________________________.79.The finding of the Canadian researchers is that______________________________.80.From the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic, we knowthat__________________.81.From the last paragraph, we know that ___________________ may prove to be agood form of psychotherapy.Keys:78.the idea that you should turn negative thoughts into positive ones.79.Thinking more positively have a opposite effect.80.overly positive thinking doesn’t make people feel better.81.Meditation techniquesSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.From boy to manGROWING up on-screen for a decade as Harry Potter, 22-year-old Daniel Radcliffe has had to deal with typecasting (同类角色出演) his whole career. However, in a new release called The Woman in Black, the successful child actor finally escapes J.K. Rowling’s hero by taking on the lead role in a classic ghost story.The movie, which hit Chinese cinemas on Sept 20, 2012, tells the tale of a widowed(丧妻的)lawyer named Arthur Kipps (Radcliffe)who is sent to a remote village in the north of England for a late client’saffairs. There, he discovers the town’s tragic past—children die after they see a mysterious woman dressed in black. To clear things up, he decided to stay alone in an old house, which is completely cut off from the mainland at high tide.His fears grow when he sees a woman in black looking at him from the window and hears the sound of a pony and trap in difficulty, followed by the screams of a young child. Kipps decides he must find a way to break the cycle of horror after his son is threatened by the mysterious woman.The story pulls out every old, dark house cliché(老套路)going: demonic(恶魔的)dolls, rocking chairs, and the ghostly black-cloaked(穿黑披风的)woman herself. However, it has become one of that year’s biggest box office winners in the UK when it was released there.British movie critic Jamie Russell thinks what makes it so different is howcharacter-driven it is and how Radcliffe makes it count.“The Woman in Black works because of Radcliffe, not in spite of him,”he said. “Radcliffe’s face convinces you that Kipps knows what it is to have loved and lost forever.”There is not much conversation. Director James Watkins’s gambledon Radcliffe’s acting. He was not disappointed. “It’s an absolute joy doing the slow push in on Dan, reading his thoughts and letting the camera drift closer and closer into his eyes, ”he t old British magazine Total Film.For the former Potter star who has longed for a career away from Hogwarts, this ghost movie is a step in the right direction.“It’s mainly about working hard and proving to people you’re serious about it, and stretching(倾注全力)yourself and learning. ”Radcliffe told British online newspaper The Huffington Post.And he understands fame is fleeting. “The line that has made the most lasting impression on me was by [US writer] William Goldman. He said something like,' Stars come and go, only actors last’. ”he told the news website.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. The movie The woman in Black is about ____________.79. Why does Kipps have to find a way to break the cycle of horror?80. How The woman in Black is successful is that it has been____________________.81. What does The woman in Black mean for Radcliffe, the former Harry Potter star? Keys:78. how Arthur Kipps deals with a mysterious woman in black79. Because his son is threatened by the woman in black.80. one of this year’s biggest box office winner in Britain.81. It is a step on his way to make a breakthrough.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Defenders of the French language are angered by plans to introduce courses taught in English at public universities, arguing that France must protect itself against the risk of losing its cultural identity.The French Parliament recently started to debate the issue as part of a bill on a broader reform of higher education, but all attention has focused on an article that would lift a 19-year ban on English as a teaching language at public universities.The French government backs the change, which it says would help to attract foreign students and help French graduates compete in a global economy as the country struggles to regain competitiveness. More French students fearing poor job prospects at home, where youth unemployment is nearly 25 percent, are studying and working abroad. One of their destinations is London, which now has become the sixth largest French population in the world.However, opponents of the law, including professors, lawmakers and the French language supervision body Academic France, say the community of other French-speaking peoples must be defended and that the change would be a betrayal of other French-speaking nations."If France gives other French-speaking countries the wrong signal by leading an assault against the language, that would be a very, very regrettable thing indeed," said Claude Hagege, a language scientist.France has long defended its culture at home and abroad. In 1994, the so-called " Toubon Law" made the use of French mandatory in all TV broadcasts, meaning all foreign-language programs are dubbed, while radio stations must play at least 40 percent of French music for most of the day.Business leaders criticize France's low ranking for English proficiency(熟练度）- it placed 23rd in a 2012 global ranking published by education company Education First - even though the use of English has grown, notably in academic circles.Higher Education Minister Genevieve Fioraso said offering English would increase the appeal of French universities at a time when they are falling further behind in international rankings. In a 2011-2012survey by Britain's Times newspaper, the highest-ranked French university is in 59th position. Private business schools where English is taught rank higher.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What does “the change” in Paragraph 3 refer to ?79. Some people are against the change because they think itwould_____________________.80. According to “Toubon Law” , what is a must for TV stations in France?81. Genevieve Fioraso thinks the release of the bill may help French universities__________.Keys:78. Allowing using English as a teaching language at public universities.79. be a betrayal of other French-speaking nations/make France lose its cultural identity80. Using French in all TV broadcasts / The use of French in all TV broadcasts.81. attract more students/be more appealing/rank higher in international rankingsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Different people may find that different learning methods work best for them. While some would turn to tutoring in order to get better grades, others choose to join study groups. In fact, many universities encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them.“Two heads are better than one.”That’s the simple idea behind study groups. By participating in a study group, students can benefit from some of their best academicresources: other students. They get to pick each other’s brains and improve their own understanding of different problems. Moreover, study groups can create the slightly tense atmosphere in which it’s good to st udy. For example, some students tend to procrastinate(拖延) when they are studying by themselves; however, by joining a study group, they get to observe their peers who are working diligently and are likely to thus have motivation for working harder.Study groups work best when they are small , but not too small -four to five participants is about right. And it’s necessary to make sure everyone has the same goal, to prepare for a particular test, to discuss class readings or to review the week’s lecture no tes. Besides, socializing in the group would make studying more fun as long as it took up only a small portion of group study time.In addition, to maximize the efficiency, some study groups like to assign members certain roles, and thus efficiency will be promoted. Besides an organizer, who gets group members to agree to a common purpose and a convenient time and place, there often is a group member playing the role of a source-seeker, whose duty is to remind group members to identify their sources. For instance, when a group member says “I read somewhere that...”, the source-seekers should ask for specifics. This person reminds the group that it’s important to know who said what and where it was said. And a gatekeeper, who tries to make sure that all group members are participating, may ask a direct question to help a shy person participate, or find a way to get a dominating member to listen.(Note: Answer the question or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)78.Many universities encourage students to take advantage of _________for better grades rather than learning alone.79.Peers are not only the best academic resources but also motivate each other to __________when learning in groups.80.According to paragraph 3, besides the small size, what are the other two factors that could help a study group work best?81.All the members in the study group will be assigned different roles because people believe that it will result in________.Keys:78.study groups79.work harder80.The same goal and specializing in the group81.maximizing the efficiencySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.The herds of bulls and horses depicted running along the walls of the Lascaux caves in France are among the most magnificent examples of prehistoric art ever discovered.But rather than displaying hunting scenes, new evidence suggests that the images actually represent the frightening sounds which came from the mouths of the caves.US researcher Steven Waller believes that the echoes(回声) of clapping outside the cave would have sounded like hundreds of animal feet drumming on the ground. He proposes that the caves were preserved for their sound properties, which prehistoric peoples mistook for supernatural noises.Ancient stories explained echoes from the mouths of certain giant caves as replies from spirits, so our ancestors chose to decorate these caves with paintings believing that they were inhabited by spirits and gods.Beside animal sounds, many anci ent cultures attributed thunder in the sky to ‘thunder gods,’ so it makes sense that some lasting echoes within the caves were interpreted as thunder and inspired paintings of those thunder gods on cave walls.The idea is also supported by audio theory, which shows statistically significant similarities between the rock are sites and modern sound reflection equipment.。
上海市各区2015届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：写作专题
上海市各区2015届高三英语一模试卷分类汇编：写作专题Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.目前，在网上购物的人越来越多，有人说在网上购物比在实体店购物优势多，有人说还是在实体店购物好。
请写一篇文章阐明你的观点。
你的文章必须包括：●简要介绍两种购物方式的不同之处●你喜欢那种购物方式？为什么？参考：Shopping online vs. shopping in physical storesAs scientific technologies developed faster and faster, our common lives have changed more and more, one of which is our shopping way.We have been shopping in physical stores, where a salesman may introduce many products to you and give you some advice about which one is the best choice, and you can try those clothes or shoes in person, even change another one if you find it not suitable to yourself.However, a new shopping method sprang up --- shopping online. There appear quantities of various stores on the Internet. You just need to click your mouse, and then you can see different kinds of commodities in them, with colorful pictures and detailed descriptions. If you are not clear about something, you can ask the customer service staff for help, who usually very kind and glad to answer your any question. Moreover, you can compare the same kind of products in different stores at the same time, which is able to save your time and avoid embarrassment.But every coin has two sides. Shopping online is not exceptional, so there are some disadvantages. First, you can never be sure whether the product is exactly what you see in the picture or read in the descriptions. What you receive may be much different from what is in your mind, for instance, strange color, wrong size or bad quality. Secondly, the products may be lost in the express delivery.From my perspective, I prefer shopping online, because I am too busy to have time go shopping in physical stores and goods online are usually cheaper. But I always choose the shops which have good reputation.【答案解析】文中包含题干的两个问题即可。
2015届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解A篇--老师版(带答案已校对)
Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)PEOPLE—________This Thursday, Irena Sendler will be honored for her work as a smuggler (偷运者). During World War II, the Polish social worker smuggled nearly 2,500 Jewish children out of the Warsaw ghetto (聚居区). She gave them new identities, found them safe places with good-hearted Christians, and kept the children's real names buried in jars in her neighbours' gardens. (The play, Life in a Jar, based on her story, is being performed.) At 93, Sendler lives in a Warsaw nursing home and is too weak to travel to Washington D.C., to receive the 2003 Jan Karski Award for Valor and Compassion from the American Center of Polish Culture. One of the children she saved will accept the award for her.You risked your life to save the children.I was taught by my father that when someone is drowning, you don't ask if they can swim, you just jump in and help. During the war, everyone was drowning, but mostly the Jewish children.How did you persuade parents to give up their children?I had to answer honestly that I didn't even know if we would get past the guards.What was the most frightening moment?When I saw a priest (牧师) in charge of an orphanage for Jewish children in the ghetto walk with them out to be killed. The children were in their best Sunday suits. The priest was killed with them.How did you get the children to behave as you smuggled them out?I told the older children to act as if they were sick and sometimes gave the younger ones a sleeping pill. They were told to remember their new names. I also told the children to tell guards they had only been visiting a servant in the ghetto and were going back to their real homes outside.Did you tell your own two children what you did?I never told them. Only when my daughter went to Israel did she learn all about me. I thought it was only normal to do so. And it was a very painful subject. It was always on my mind that I couldn't do more.66. We can learn from the passage that Irena Sendler________.A. will go to Washington to accept the award with her daughterB. was caught a few times while she was rescuing the Jewish childrenC. told those parents that their children's lives would be guaranteedD. saved thousands of Jewish children at the risk of her own life67. The expression "everyone was drowning" can best be replaced by "________".A. everyone was involved in the warB. all the people were drownedC. all the people were facing danger and deathD. Jewish children were being killed68. Which one could NOT be expected when Sendler was smuggling the Jewish children?A. The children pretended to be brothers and sisters from one big family.B. Some children pretended to be returning home after visiting servants in the ghetto.C. The children were asked to remember and use new names instead of real ones.D. Some children were told to pretend to be sick in front of the guards.69.Which of the following is best for the blank in the title?A. DISASTER SURVIVORB. NOBLE SMUGGLERC. AWARD RECEIVERD. SECRET DEFENDERKeys: 66-69 DCABSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In 1801, Giuseppe Piazzi discovered a new object in the sky. He thought it was an undiscovered comet. After further observation, he realized that it behaved more like a small planet than a comet. Piazzi named it Ceres after the Sicillian goddess of grain. Ceres remains the largest known asteroids（小行星）in the sky. It means almost 600 miles（1,000 km) in diameter. By the end of the nineteenth century, severalhundred other asteroids had been identified.Tens of thousands of asteroids have since been discovered, with thousands more found each year. Asteroids are masses of rock and metal that orbit（绕轨道而行）the sun between Mars and Jupiter. They did not form into planets because the perturbations of Jupiter kept them moving too fast to join together. The total mass of all of the asteroids is less than the size of Earth’s moon.Some of the asteroids move in orbits outside the zone between Mars and Jupiter. Asteroids that come relatively close to Earth are known as near-Earth asteroids(NEAs). Scientists estimate that about 1,000 of these asteroids are 0.6 miles(1km) in diameter. An asteroid of this colliding（碰撞）with Earth would be disastrous.Scientists have found two sites where giant asteroids struck Earth millions of years ago. One asteroid hit Antarctica about 250 million years ago. Another asteroid struck Mexico’s Yucantan Peninsula around 65 million years ago, leaving a hole 112 miles(180km) wide and 1,000 yards (915m) deep. One theory blames the extinction of the dinosaurs on this asteroids’s collision with Earth and the climate change that resulted from its impact.Occasionally, small asteroids strike Earth. These cause little damage. Major collision, such as the one that may have killed the dinosaurs, occur rarely--perhaps only once every 100 million years.Although the chance of an asteroid striking the planet anytime soon is small, scientists continue to study the orbits of asteroids in the sky. They pay particularly close attention to the asteroids whose paths are close to Earth, and have even landed a spacecraft on an NEA named Eros. Their work helps them learn about the formation of the solar system. It may even help them discover ways to avoid an asteroid disaster in the future.66. Which of the following statement is NOT true about asteroids?A. Asteroids are composed of rock and metal.B. Asteroids orbit the sun between Mars and Jupiter.C. Large near-Earth asteroids are sure to strike Earth.D. A large asteroid colliding with Earth would cause a disaster.67. The word “perturbations”(paragraph 2) is closest in meaning to “ ”.A. Formation of rocksB. Disturbance of motionC. Estimation of scientistsD. Influences of size68. What scientists have found implies thatA. two sites of Earth hit giant asteroids millions of years agoB. Antarctica was once struck by an asteroid millions of years agoC. one asteroid left a huge hole in Mexico 250 million years agoD. the extinction of dinosaurs resulted in asteroid’s collision with Earth69. Which of the following events happened third according to the passage?A. Giuseppe Piazzi discovered a new object and name it Ceres.B. Scientists had a spacecraft land on Eros to learn more about the solar system.C. Asteroids orbiting the sun failed to form into planets.D. Several hundred asteroids had been identified by the end of the nineteenth century.Keys: 66-69 CBBDSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Being a normal, healthy nineteen-year-old, Rhona was in the habit of falling asleep the moment her head touched her pillow and not wakening up again until her mother called her at seven-thirty.When she awoke that morning in the grey light of early dawn, she had no idea what had disturbed her. Then she imagined, or thought she imagined, a faint smell of smoke around her nostrils (鼻孔). What was strange, though, was the very fact that she was wide awake and, according to her bedside clock, it was only a quarter to four.She sat up, listening, alert. There was definitely a smell of burning. Rising quickly, she crossed to the window and opened it quietly, thinking it would be the remains of some garden bonfire. But it wasn’t. She saw smoke and flames billowing out of a downstairs window next door.Barefoot and in pyjamas, she ran first to her parents’ room, opening their door to call, “Mum! Dad! There’s a fire next door!”Downstairs in a flash, she hurriedly dialed 999 and gave her name and address in clear, brief tones. By the time she had finished, Graeme, her elder brother, was coming running downstairs.“You go to their front door—I’ll go to the back,” she said to him.As she banged on their neighbors’ back door, she could hear a child crying in fear. Without stopping to think, Rhona lifted the large doorstop and smashed it through a glass panel, put her hand in and turned the key which opened the door.Through the smoke she saw a drying screen hung with white washing and she grabbed at as many of the damp clothes as she could on her way past towards the stairs. Halfway up she met Mr Parker carrying the baby and she hurriedly gave him some wet towels before doing the same for Mrs Parker who was behind him leading two-year-old Clare by the hand.“Crouch down as low as you can,” Rhona directed them as she took the child’s other hand. Within a matter of seconds the family was safely outside.66. Rhona woke up early in the morning because_________.A. her mother called her for an emergencyB. she heard a baby crying in fear downstairsC. she smelt something burning in the airD. the alarm clock rang as she set it67. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Rhona, together with her brother, Graeme, went to the Parkers’ rescue.B. The Parkers escaped from the burning house together.C. Rhona broke into the house by back door after smashing the glass panel.D. Rhona covered her mouth with the damp clothes before entering the Parkers’.68. According to the article, Rhona can be best described as _________.A. alert and timidB. courageous and stressedC. panic and sympatheticD. decisive and responsive69. It can be inferred that when the fire broke out, _________.A. The Parkers were at a loss what to doB. Rhona had a good knowledge of survival skillsC. Rhona showed the Parkers a safe fire escapeD. Rhona’s parents helped to save the scared childrenKeys: 66-69 CDDBSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The day began early.An agreement had been made with the little boys the evening before. They were to be allowed to celebrate the Fourth of July, the glorious day, by the blowing of horns exactly at sunrise. But they were to blow them for precisely five minutes only, and no sound of the horns should be heard afterward till the family were downstairs. It was thought that a peace might thus be brought by a short, though crowded, period of noise.The morning came. Even before the morning, at half-past three o’clock, a terrible blast of the horns aroused the whole family.The number of the horns was most remarkable! It was as though every cow in the place had arisen and was blowing through both her own horns! “How many little boys are there? How many have we?” exclaimed Mr. Peterkin, going over their names one by one mechanically thinking he would do it, as he might count imaginary sheep jumping over a fence, to put himself to sleep. The counting could not put him to sleep now, in such a loud noise.And how unexpectedly long the five minutes seemed! Elizabeth Eliza was to take out her watch and give the signal for the end of the five minutes, and the ceasing of the horns. Why did not the signal come? Why did not Elizabeth Eliza stop them?And certainly it was long before sunrise; there was no dawn to be seen! “ We’ll not try this plan again,” said Mrs. Peterkin. “If we live to another Fourth,” added Mr. Peterkin, hurrying to the door to inquire into the state of affairs.Alas! Amanda, by mistake, had waked up the little boys an hour too early. And by another mistake the little boys had invited three or four of their friends to spend the night with them. Mrs. Peterkin had given them permission to have the boys for the whole day, and they understood the day as beginning when they went to bed the night before. This accounted for the number of horns.It would have been impossible to hear any explanation; but the five minutes were over, and the horns had ceased, and there remained only the noise of a singular leaping of feet, explained perhaps by a possible pillow-fight, that kept the family below partially awake until the bells and cannon made known the drowning of the glorious day, the sunrise, or “the rising of the sons,” as Mr. Peterkin jokingly called it when they heard the little boys and their friends clattering down the stairs to begin the outside festivities.66. According to the passage, which event happened first?A. Mr. Peterkin noted how many boys there were.B. The Peterkins were awakened by the boys.C. Elizabeth gave the signal to stop the horns.D. Mr. Peterkin exclaimed how many boys they had.67. What did the 7th paragraph talk about?A. The place where the boys blew their horns.B. The time when Elizabeth Eliza stopped them.C. The way how the boys blew their horns.D. The reason why more horns were over there.68. The probable main idea of this passage is that _______________.A. the little boys didn’t carry out the agreement thoroughlyB. the little boys didn’t see the signal to stop blowing their horns.C. the little boys blew horns to greet the dawn of July 4th so early.D. the Peterkins enjoyed children’s blowing of the horns on July 4th.69. Which question is not answered in the story?A. When did the horn blowing begin?B. How long ago did the custom start?C. Why did the boys blow the horns in the morning?D. How did the Peterkins feel about the horn blowing?Keys: 66-69 BDCBSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Culturally speaking, America might be called a European colony. No other country whose origins lie in Europe has had so sharp an awareness of its distinction and superiority to the parent cultures. Running through American history, and therefore through American literature, is a double consciousness of Old World modes and New World possibilities. As American, the writer has distributed Europe; as writer, he has envied the riches available to his European Counterpart.In the nineteenth century some immigrants came in order to avoid military service in their homeland. But even so, the snowballing process had for most Americans a deep, almost legendary significance.In the legends, Europe was associated with the Past, with British red-coats at Concord, absentee landlords(不在的地主)，dynastic pride, hunger, poverty, oppression. America, by contrast, was the future: plenty, prosperity, freedom. For much of its history America has been a busy, restless land, more interested in innovation than in conservation(保守). Its people have been highly optimistic, setting great store by the ability of the individual to overcome obstacles. The individual has had a right to expect success. Optimism and pessimism mix unusually in American writing; Mark Twain is an obvious example. Or, the individual tends to set himself up in a dramatic relationship to society.Yet although American literature has revealed certain fairly permanent trends, it has not been a still affair. Its tone has changed from decade to decade.66. What does the underlined p hrase “the parent cultures” refer to?A. Culture of parentsB. Culture of EuropeC. Culture of BritainD. Culture of America67. What is the American writer’s attitude towards Europe?A. He hates Europe for its conversation, poverty and permission.B. He has no trust in Europe and is also jealous of its riches.C. He envies that all the Europeans are much richer.D. He believes that America is looked down upon.68. What is the main characteristic of the American writing?A. The description of a dramatic relation between the individual and society.B. The optimistic description of the Americans overcoming obstacles.C. The strange combination of optimism and pessimism.D. The ever changing of its characteristic from decade to decade.69. The main idea of this passage is about _____.A. a double consciousness in American literature.B. the European culture’s contribution to America literature.C. optimism and pessimism in America writingD. Americans can always overcome obstacles.Keys: 66-69 BBCASection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Dennis Sinar, 51, a doctor from New York, is quick to explain why he took a year-long break from his job. “I was pretty burned out after practicing medicine for 26 years. I needed a recharge.” So he took a“gap year”, from July 2011 to June 2012, to explore things like ancient buildings, antique restoration, archaeology and traditional Eastern medicine, in locations including Alaska, Nepal and Romania.“Taking a break from work is an excelle nt way for adults to go into a new career or refresh an old one,” said Holly Bull, president of Princeton, N, J. “In recent years, mid-career breaks have been gaining more interest,” she said. A report on adult gap years published this year by a market res earch company also described the potential American market for gap years as a “sleeping giant.”“A gap year is a challenge for the older individual to step out of a comfort zone and take a risk. I enjoyed that side most.” said Dr. Sinar, who kept a daily b log about his experience. His time studying Eastern medicine “assured the reasons I went into health care,” said Dr. Sinar, who returned to practice medicine at his old job, although he works fewer days. “I use those experiences to provide my patients with more care,” he added. “And I listen better than I did before.”George Garritan, chairman of the Department of Leadership and Human Capital Management at New York University, certainly agrees with Dr. Sinar. He said a gap-year experience could be worthwhile for employees and companies. For employees, investing in themselves and improving skill sets is a move that will benefit throughout their career. He added that returning employees feel refreshed and have given more thought to their career. For companies, offering unpaid leaves makes good sense for attracting and keeping talented employees.66. Dr. Sinar took a gap year because he ________.A. had lost his old jobB. wanted to refresh after 26 years’ workC. had a desire for travellingD. became interested in historical research67. The phrase “sleeping giant” (in 2nd paragraph) indicates that ________.A. it’s too early for people to accept the conception of gap yearB. the effect of gap year policy remains to be seenC. it’s difficult to fores ee the gap year marketD. more American people will accept the gap year policy68. What’s George Garritan’s attitude toward the “gap year”?A. Positive.B. DoubtfulC. Uninterested.D. Uncertain.69. What’s the passage mainly about?A. How an adult plans a mid-career gap year.B. Why a gap year is worthwhile for adults.C. Whether a gap year is popular with adults.D. Why a gap year is challenging for individuals.Keys: 66-69 BDABSection BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read．(A)It’s a typically Snoopy card: cheerful message, bright colors, though a little yellow and faded now. Though I’ve received fancier, more expensive card over the years, this is the only one I’ve saved. One summer, it spoke volumes to me.I received it during the first June I faced as a widow to raise two teen age daughters alone. In all the emotional confusion of this sudden single parenthood, I was overwhelmed with, of all things, the simplest housework: leaky taps, oil changes, even barbecues. Those had always been my husband’s jobs. I was embarrassed every time I hit my thumb with a hammer or couldn’t get the lawnmower started. My uncertain attempts only fueled the fear inside me: How could I be both a father and mother to my girls? Clearly, I lacked the tools and skills.On this particular morning, my girls pushed me into the living room to see something.(I prayed it wasn’t another repair job.)The “something “turned out to be an envelope and several wrapped bundles on the carpet. My puzzlem ent must have been plain as I gazed from the colorful packages to my daughter’s bright faces.“Go ahead! Open them! “They urged. As I unwrapped the packages, I discovered a small barbecue grill and all the necessary objects including a green kitchen glove with a frog pattern on it."But why?" I asked."Happy Father's Day!" they shouted together."Moms don't get presents on Father's Day". I protested."You forgot to open the card". Jane reminded. I pulled it from the envelope. There sat Snoopy, on top of his dog house, merrily wishing me a Happy Father's Day. "Because", the girls said, "you've been a father and mother to us. Why shouldn't you be remembered on Father's Day?"As I fought back tears, I realized they were right, I wanted to be a "professional" dad, who had the latest tools and knew all the tricks of the trade. The girls only wanted a parent they could count on to be there, day after day, performing repeatedly the maintenance tasks of basic care and love.The girls are grown now, and they still send me Father's Day cards, but none of those cards means as much to me as that first one. Its simple message told me being a great parent didn't require any special tools at all—just a willing worker.66. By "it spoke volumes to me", (Para. 1) the mother in the story means the card______. A．conveyed significant meanings to her B．aroused great sorrow in herC．brought her pleasant feelings D．made her feel important67. After her husband’s death, the mother found it was the hardest to______.A. handle the emotional shockB. face the terrible lonelinessC. Keep harmony of the familyD. Fulfill a male role in the house68. The girls gave their mother a barbecue set probably because ______.A. It was what their mother wantedB.it was a pro per Father’s Day giftC. barbecue was their favorite foodD. they wanted their mother to barbecue69. Which of the following statements is true about the first Father’s Day card?A. It made the mother eager to get the latest toolsB. It praised the mother as a professional dadC. Its fancy design impressed the mother mostD. It showed the girl’s appreciation for their mother’s loveKeys：66-69 A D D DSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)On October 24, 1929—”Black Thursday”—a wave of panic selling of stocks swept the New York Stock Exchange. The Great Depression began. By 1932, thousands of banks and businesses had failed. Industrial production was cut in half, farm income had fallen by more than half, wages had decreased 60 percent, new investment was down 90 percent and one out of every four workers was unemployed.The Republican president, Herbert Hoover was unable to take measures to deal with the economic collapse. So in the 1932 election, he was defeated by Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt, who promised “a New Deal for the American people”.Within the “Hundred Days”, Roosevelt rushed through Congress a number of laws to aid the recovery of the economy. The Civilian Conservation Corps put young men to work in reforestation and flood.The Federal Emergency Relief Administration aided state and local relief funds. The Agricultural Adjustment Administration paid farmers to reduce production, thus raising crop prices. The Tennessee Valley Authority built a network of dams in the Tennessee River area to generate electricity, control floods and manufacture fertilizer. The National Recovery Administration regulated fair competition among businesses and ensured bargaining rights and minimum wages for workers.The Social Security Act of 1935 established contributory old age and survivors’ pensions, as well as a joint federal state program of unemployment insurance.The Work Progress Administration was one of the most effective of the New Deal measures. Financed by taxes collected by the federal government, the WPA created millions of jobs by undertaking the construction of roads, bridges, airports and other public buildings. It kept workers in the job, thus preserving their skills and their self-respect.The New Deal programs did not end the Depression. But the economy improved as a result of this program of government intervention.66. According to the passage, “Black Thursday” is the day ________ .A. of selling stocksB. of reducing industrial productionC. the Great Depression beganD. the New Deal was implemented67. The New Deal is a number of laws ________ .A.to make young people plant trees and build damsB.to aid state and local relief fundsC.to deal with workersD.to deal with economic problems68. The WPA was an effective measure because ________ .A.it provided workers jobs of building roads and airportsB.it preserved workers’ skill and self-respectC.it provided financial aids to workersD.it ensured workers’ minimum wages69. Roosevelt made his New Deal programs effective through ________ .A. his presidential powerB. government taxationC. congress reputationD. government interventionKeys：66-69 CDADSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The term “resume” means a document describing one’s educational qualifications and professional experience. However guidelines for preparing a global resume are constantly changing. The best advice is to find out what is appropriate regarding the company culture, the country culture, and the culture of the person making the hiring decision. The following list is a good place to start.* In many countries, it is standard procedure to attach a photo or have your photo printed on your resume. Do not attach a photograph to your resume if you are sending it to the United States, though.* Educational requirements differ from country to country. In most case of “cross-border” job hunting, just stating the title of your degree will not be enough. Provide the reader with details about your studies。
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2014学年度嘉定区高三年级第一次质量调研英语试卷（考试时间120分钟，满分150分。
请将答案填写在答题纸上。
）第I卷（共 103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 3:40. B. 4:00. C. 4:20. D. 3:20.2. A. He wants to get a new position. B. He is asking the woman for help.C. He has left the woman a good impression.D. He enjoys letter writing.3. A. At a newsstand. B. At a car dealer‘s.C. At a newspaper office.D. At a publishing house.4. A. The weather forecast says it will be fine.B. The weather doesn‘t count in their plan.C. They will not do as planned in case of rain.D. They will postpone their programme if it rains.5. A. He is not used to city life. B. He is very tall and thin.C. It‘s hard to find him there.D. He is always holding a needle.6. A. His computer doesn‘t work well.B. He isn‘t getting along with his stuff.C. He didn‘t register for a proper course.D. He can‘t apply the theory to his program..7. A. He lent her his extra pen. B. He was afraid of losing his pen.C. He offered her a pencil.D. He said he didn‘t have any extra ink.8. A. Neither of the watches keeps good time.B. The woman‘s watch stopped three hours ago.C. The man‘s watch goes too fast.D. It‘s too dark for the woman to read her watch.9. A. By going on a diet. B. By having fewer meals.C. By doing physical exercise.D. By eating fruits and vegetables.10. A. The plane‘s departure time remains unknown.B. The man went to a wrong check-in counter.C. The man has just missed the flight.D. The plane will leave at 9:14.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer tothe question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 100 million. B. 50 to 100 million.C. 15 million.D. 500 million.12. A. Aristotle. B. A Russian.C. Nobel.D. Dolly.13. A. Animal testing is unnecessary and a poor scientific practice.B. Animals have played an important part in many scientific research.C. Many Nobel Prize winners are interested in animal testing.D. Animal research was carried out in every medical advance of the last century.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To encourage people to participate in a club activity.B. To introduce a new kind of bicycle.C. To inform beginning cyclists about New Jersey‘s traffic laws.D. To warn tourists about bicycling on the roadways.15. A. Some of them are inaccessible to beginning cyclists.B. Some of them record the development of the bicycle.C. They are nice places to visit on bicycle tours.D. They help to make New Jersey a wealthy state.16. A. Repair their bicycles. B. Go on a bicycle tour.C. Take a test about road safety.D. Participate in a bicycle race.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II．Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.ARunning is becoming increasingly popular in cities because it is a good way of keeping fit. More importantly, it (25)________ (signal) a society's awakening against the slavery imposed by the modern way of life, complete with the Internet, mobile phones, iPads and apps which make people lazy, says Liao Baoping in (26)________ article in Xinhua News Telegraph.Not only are more people taking to running, they are (27)________ using wearable devices and using software on their cellphones to record the distance they cover and the amount of calories they burn. Besides, charting out ideal running routes in cities has become a popular topic of discussion among runners.But apart from physical fitness and stress-relief, there are other reasons why running has become so popular in China. (28)________ hen an activity becomes fashion, says Liao, it has to satisfy people‘s psychological needs .The commute from home to office and back, or a drive to a shopping mall, has become routine in today's "concrete jungles". Living in rooms (29)________ with air conditioners, many people don't even feel the changes in the season. We are moving farther away from nature thanks to the knowledge and technologies (30)________ have been acquired and mastered so far,says Liao.According to Liao, to some extent, running is an escape from the risks and boredom of modern life. It (31)________ be seen as people's longing for a return to nature.People desperately want to get rid of the restrictions of modern life. And a pair of running shoes and perseverance are (32)________ one needs to become a runner and embrace nature.BAmericans are living longer, with our average life expectancy now surpassing 78 years, up from less than 74 years in 1980.But we are not necessarily living (33) ________(healthy). The incidence of a variety of chronic diseases,(34) ________diabetes and heart disease, has also been growing dramatically, especially among people who are not yet elderly.The mix of those two developments (35) ________(lead) to what some researchers have identified as a ―lengthening of morbidity(病态)‖. (36) ________means we are spending more years living with chronic disease and ill health-not the outcome that most of us would hope for from a prolonged life span.But a notable new study published in Archives of Internal Medicine suggests that a little advance planning could change that prospect. Being or becoming fit in middle age, the study found, (37) ________ ________ you haven‘t previously bothered with exercise, appears to reshape the landscape in aging.For the study, researchers gathered medical records for 18,670 middle-aged men and women who‘d visited the Cooper Clinic for a checkup (38) ________ (begin) in 1970.(39)________ they found was that those adults who had been the least fit at the time of their middle-age checkup also were the most likely (40) ________ (develop) any of eight serious or chronic conditions early in the ageing process. These include heart disease, diabetes, Alzheimer‘s, and colon or lung cancer.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box．Each word can only be usedflew off to international destinations, the ___41___ majority enjoyed the many tourist sites that China has to offer. If you were one of those people who decided to explore China‘s scenic spots, you probably realized that it isn‘t just the mountain steps that are steep-the entrance fees are, too!The average cost of the highest ___42___ 5A attractions is 109 yuan. This could prove to be a little too steep for some families, who find themselves spending too large a portion of their holiday budget on admission tickets. The 32 5A locations that upped their prices in the past five years experienced an average ___43___ of over 40 percent. The bad news is that these prices are expected to continue to rise. So how does China‘s situation compare to other parts of the world? The average fees for cultural and historical sites seem to be on par with(与…同价) international ____44__ It‘s quite another story, however, when you compare natural wonders. For example, the cost of a ticket to Zhangjiajie National Forest Park(张家界国家森林公园) hovers around 245 yuan for a three-day tour. This seems ___45_ high when you consider that a week long pass to America‘s Yellowstone National Park (黄石国家公园)is a mere 74 yuan. here are ___46__ benefits to increased revenue(收益) from ticket sales, which support necessary ___47_ , maintenance and operation costs. This is especially important for sites that must keep visitor numbers down in order to protect the natural environment. However, it must also be ___48_ that many of China‘s tourist attractions are operated by private companies who are ultimately protecting their bottomline(盈亏底线).While the government has put some ___49___ in place, such as only allowing entrance fees to be raised once every three years, they have not ___50___ the upper limit of ticket prices and increases. Further measures to settle the dispute are being considered. In the meantime, some families are forced to re-think if some attractions are really worth the costs.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The continuous presentation of frightening stories about global warming in the popular media makes us unnecessarily frightened. Even worse, it __51__ our kids.Al Gore famously __52__ how a sea-level rise of 20 feet would almost completely flood Florida, New York, Holland, and Shanghai, even though the United Nations says that such a thing will not even happen, __53__ that sea levels will rise 20 times less than that.When __54_ with these exaggerations（夸大）, some of us say that they are for a good cause, and surely there is no harm done if the result is that we focus even more on tackling climate change.This __55__ is astonishingly wrong. Such exaggerations do plenty of harm. Worrying excessively about global warming means that we worry less about other things, where we could do so much more good. We focus, __56 __, on global warming's impact on malaria (疟疾)-which will put slightly more people at __57__ in 100 years - instead of tackling the half a billion people __58__from malaria today with prevention and treatment policies that are much cheaper and dramatically more effective than carbon reduction would be.Exaggeration also wears out the public's __59__to cope with global warming. If the planet is certain to be destroyed owing to global warming, people wonder, why do anything? A record 54% of American voters now believe the news media make global warming appear worse than it really is. A __60__ of people now believe – incorrectly – that global warming is not even caused by humans.But the __61__ cost of exaggeration, I believe, is the unnecessary alarm that it causes – particularly among children. An article in The Washington Post cited nine-year-old Alyssa, who cries about the possibility of mass animal __62__ from global warming.The newspaper also reported that parents are __63__effective outlets for their eight-year-olds' concern with dying polar bears. They might be better off educating them and letting them know that, __64__ to common belief, the global polar bear population has doubled over the past half- century, to about 22,000. __65__ the possible disappearing of summer Arctic ice, polar bears will not become extinct.51. A. exhausts B. depresses C. terrifies D. exploits52. A. dismissed B. demonstrated C. deposited D. described53. A. measuring B. justifying C. estimating D. advocating54. A. faced B. identified C. equipped D. entitled55. A. announcement B. argument C. interaction D. dialogue56. A. for example B. in addition C. by contrast D. in short57. A. peace B. leisure C. ease D. risk58. A. suffering B. evolving C. developing D. prohibiting59. A. ability B. endurance C. willingness D. preference60. A. mixture B. majority C. quantity D. crowd61. A. smallest B. worst C. fewest D. least62. A. separation B. reservation C. isolation D. extinction63. A. turning out B. taking over C. searching for D. pulling through64. A. sensitive B. contrary C. related D. accustomed65. A. Despite B. Besides C. Without D. ExceptSection BDirections:Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read．AAre some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. Tosome extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a geniusout of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of person's intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.66. Which of these sentences best describes the writer‘s point in Paragraph 1?A. To some extent, intelligence is given at birth.B. Intelligence is developed by the environment.C. Some people are born clever and others born stupid.D. Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.67. It is suggested in this passage that_______.A. close relation usually have similar intelligenceB. unrelated people are not likely to have different intelligenceC. the closer the blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be in intelligenceD. people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees of intelligence68. The phrase ―at random‖(Line3, para.2) means _______ .A. purposelyB. intendedly C .aimlessly D. independently69. The best title for this article would be_______.A. What Dose Intelligence Means ?B. On IntelligenceC. We Are Born with IntelligenceD. Environment Plays a Part in Developing IntelligenceBWhich tablet computer should YOU be buying: They are this year's must have... and there's a style to suit everyone?Best for young childrenLeapPad Explorer 2, £68Aimed at children between three and nine (though a nine-year-old might find it a little simple), it comes in pink or blue and with five built-in education games (you can buy more). Besides, the LeapPad does not allow access to the internet — so it is impossible for your child to stumble across anything inappropriate.Pros: The education games are well-designed, the built-in video camera is a fun way to play at being a film director.Cons: Some of the games are shockingly expensive. And the power adaptor is not included. Best for teenagersiPad 4th generation, £399-£659The iPad is still the market leader, and for good reason. If the teenager in your house enjoys playing computer games, the latest offering from Apple is the one to choose.Pros: No other tablet can compete with the near one million ‗apps‘ (the name Apple created for specially-designed downloadable programs) available for the iPad. Simple to use, even for those who usually struggle with technology.Cons: Considerably more expensive than most competitors.Best for working parentsMicrosoft Surface, £399-£559Tablets are brilliant for leisure — but what if you want to do a bit of work? No tablet can yet compete with a full-size laptop computer, but this is the only tablet that allows you to use Microsoft Word, Excel and Powerpoint (they are all pre-installed and included in the price) and you can buy a pretty lovely mini- keyboard for typing letters and emails, which also doubles up as the cover.Pros: The Surface is good for watching movies — a bonus when stuck in the airport on a business trip — and surfing the internet.Con: The keyboard is an expensiveadd-on — costing up to £109. It might be cheaper to buy a laptop (though a tablet is much smaller and lighter). Best for bookwormsAmazon Kindle Paperwhite, £109Nearly all tablets let you download books. It's a great way to take a mountainous pile of hardbacks on holiday without stuffing your suitcase.But most tablets have a shinyscreen —which can be very distracting whenyou're trying to read. The Paperwhite is different: its matt screen and crisp black lettering imitate the look of words on paper brilliantly. And yet you can still read the words in the dark.Pros: Easy on the eye, excellent battery life, 180,000 free books (if you subscribe to the Amazon Prime customer loyalty service) plus hundreds of thousands more to buy.Cons:No TV, films, games, internet or camera.70. The underlined phrase ‗stumble across‘ most probably means ‗___________‘.A. quarrel withB. meet withC. compare withD. compete with71. Which of the following about Surface is TRUE?A. You have to pay extra to install Microsoft Word.B. The keyboard can serve as a cover.C. The keyboard will not add to the cost of the tablet computer.D. You cannot watch movies or surf the internet with it.72. If you are a game lover, which tablet is least likely to be your choice?A. Amazon Kindle Paperwhite. 2.B. iPad 4th generationC. Microsoft Surface.D. LeapPad Explorer73.If you want to add something to your prepared PPT for a presentation at a meeting, which tablet is mosthelpful?A. LeapPad Explorer 2.B. ipad 4th generationC. Microsoft SurfaceD. Amazon Kindle Paperwhite.CConventional wisdom says that hardship can make us old before our time. In fact, a new study suggests that violence not only leaves long-term scars on children‘s bodies, but also changes their DNA, causing changes that are equal to seven to ten years of premature aging.Scientists measured this by studying the ends of children‘s chromosomes(染色体), called telomeres, says Idan Shalev, lead author of a study published in Molecular Psychiatry.Telomeres are special DNA sequences which prevent the DNA in chromosomes from separating. They get shorter each time a cell divides, until a cell cannot divide any more and dies.Several factors have been found to shorten telomeres, including smoking, radiation and psychological stresses such as being treated badly when young and taking care of a chronically ill person.In this study, researchers examined whether exposure to violence could make childre‘s telomeres shorten faster than normal. They interviewed the mothers of 236 children at ages 5, 7 and 10, asking whether the youngsters had been exposed to domestic violence between the mother and her partner; physical maltreatment by an adult; or bullying. Researchers measured the children‘s telomeres—in cells obtained by swabbing the insides of their cheeks—at ages 5 and 10.Telomeres shortened faster in kids exposed to two or more types of violence, says Shalev. Unless that pattern changes, the study suggests, these kids could be expected to develop diseases of aging, such as heart attacks or memory loss, seven to 10 years earlier than their peers.Shalev says there is hope for these kids. His study found that, in rare cases, telomeres can lengthen. Better nutrition, exercise and stress reduction are three things that may be able to lengthen telomeres, he says.He study confirms a small but growing number of studies suggesting that early childhood adversity imprints itself in our chromosomes, says Charles Nelson, a professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at Harvard Medical School.74. The new study found that ________.A. violence leaves scars on a child‘s mindB. hardship can change a child‘s agingC. violence can speed up a child‘s agingD. hardship has a long-term effect on a child‘s mind75. According to the text, telomeres ________.A. can make a cell die quicklyB. can help prevent DNA from separatingC. become shorter before they dieD. are at the ends of people‘s chromosomes76. All of the following things can shorten telomeres EXCEPT ________.A. smokingB. cell divisionC. maltreatmentD. doing exercise77. Which of the following is TRUE, according to the text?A. Violence can cause quick cell division in children‘s body.B. Being treated badly will make a child‘s telomeres shorten faster.C. Researchers measured the children‘s telomeres from their legs in the study.D. Children who have shorter telomeres may have a heart attack earlier.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.When Danny Bowman was at school, he was so desperate to attract girls, he spent 10 hours a day takin g more than 200 selfies（自拍）trying to find the perfect image.But his addiction, which began at the age of 15, caused him to drop out of school and lose almost 7 kilo grames in weight. He would take 10 photos of himself before he washed and would sneak out of class three times every hour. At 16, he dropped out of school so he could focus on his addiction, and his appetite becam e worse.He did not leave his house in Newcastle upon Tyne for six months, and when he failed to take the flawl ess shot, he tried to kill himself by taking an overdose.The 19-year-old believed to be Britains first selfie addict, has now had therapy to treat his technology a ddiction, OCD（强迫性神经官症)and Body dimorphic disorder — an excessive anxiety about personal appearance.He has not taken a picture of himself in seven months, and has realized that achieving perfection is impo ssible. He told the Sunday Mirror: ―Iwas constantly in search of taking the perfect selfie and when I realized I couldn‘t, I wanted to die. I lost my friends, my education, my health and almost my life. The only thing I cared about was having my phone wi th me so I could satisfy the urge to capture a picture of myself at any time of the day.‖He would look at photos of his ―idol‖Leonardo Di Caprio and would then copy his poses. Danny‘s dream was to become a male model.The selfie craze has grown in past five years, with stars, politicians and even Pope Francis posting getting involved in the sensation. But one psychologist at a clinic where Danny was treated said the addiction with taking selfies has now become a mental illness. Now determined to raise awareness of the anxiety disorder , Danny is working with Fixers---a national charity helping young people to ‖fix‖the issues that bother them . He said their help has kept him alive and called on others to seek help before they end up in hospital (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN 10 WORDS. )78. Danny spent 10 hours a day taking more than 200 selfies at schoolBecause ______________________________________________.79. What is the most serious symptom about Danny?______________________________________.80. What can be inferred from the treatment about the addiction of Danny‘s selfie?_____________________________________________.81. ____________________________ made Danny change for the better both physically and mentally?第II卷(共47分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word or phrase given in the brackets.82、学生们轮流到附近的火车站做志愿者。