石墨烯应用研究报告
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Charlier, J.-C., Blase, X., & Roche, S. Electronic and transport properties of nanotubes. Rev. Mod. Phys.
Carbon vs. Silicon
Figure (a) is Intel’s 45 nm silicon transistor which uses a Hafniun based dielectric.
Some approaches involve spin-based devices, while others
replace a key component of the device, the conducting
channel, with carbon nanomaterials, which have superior
Possible optical phonon scattering from attached substrate
Both P and N-type transistors have been created
Recent announcement by IBM that graphene transistor was operated at a terahertz frequency
Excellent conductor of heat Phonon dominated although
it can be shown that at certain conditions the electrical portion is significant
http://www.kinectrics.com/images/CableS pan.JPG
of the continuous miniaturization or ‘scaling’
of electronic devices, particularly of silicon-
based transistors, that has led to denser,
faster and more power-efficient circuitry.
Figure (b) is a wafer of the 45 nm transistors photographed with a dime. The processors incorporate 410 million transistors for each dual core chip, and 820 million for each quad core chip.
The Consortium of International Semiconductor Companies in its 2001 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors projected that transistors have to be smaller than 9 nanometers by 2016 in order to continue the performance trend.
http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/sabl/2007/Nov/assets/img/lrg/graphene_sheet.jpg
History of Graphene
Wallace in 1947 Created 2D structure to help in the understanding of 3D Graphite
Naturally occurring
Multilayer in graphite Nanospecs in soot from exhaust
Currently one of the most researched materials
Unique physical and electrical properties
Single layers of graphite grown epitaxially on metallic substrates in the 1970s Tightly bound to substrate, distorted properties
Term “graphene” coined in 1987 2004, Geim and Novoselov mechanically exfoliated sheets of
graphene oxide sheets Ultrafast graphene photodetector Electronics and Magnetism of Patterned Graphene
Nanoroads General Conclusions
Introduction
Advances in electronics have been the result
electrical properties.
Charlier, J.-C., Blase, X., & Roche, S. Electronic and transport properties of nanotubes. Rev. Mod. Phys.
Introduction
Among these carbon nanomaterials is graphene. Graphene is a two dimensional allotrope of carbon arranged like a honeycomb structure made out of hexagons and plays an important role since it is the basis for the understanding of the electronic properties in other allotropes.
Quantization of the Hall effect
Dirac fermions
Carriers have zero effective mass
Room temperature electron mobility of 15,000 cm2/V*s
Theoretically higher conductivity at room temp than silver, but unknown forces are limiting
http://www.scc.spokane.edu/_im ages/elect/circuit.gif
The realization of the approaching limits has inspired a
worldwide effort to develop alternative device technologies.
Nanoscopic graphene flakes bend with increasing pressure which alters their electrical conductivity which can be related to the pressure
Thermal properties exceed those of diamond
Electrical Component: Transistor
A transistor's operation speed depends on the size of the device — smaller devices can run faster — and the speed at which electrons travel in it. This size dependence has been one of the major driving forces for making ever smaller silicon transistors.
Overview
Introduction
Graphene’s mechanical properties Graphene’s electrical properties
Carbon Vs Silicon Supercapacitors and Graphene Gas Detection using low-temperature reduced
GRAPHENE
Team #3
Phillip Keller Krista Melish Micheal Jones James Kancewick
http://www.nanotech-now.com/images/Art_Gallery/ASgraphene.jpg
Further Applications and Research
Graphene Mechanical Properties
Breaking strength 200 times greater than steel
Youngs modulus of ~ 1 tPa
Incredible rigidity lends themselves to nanoscale pressure sensors
graphene from graphite Transferred to charge neutral silicon substrate First successful electrical properties measured
Geim, A. K. & MacDonald, A. H. (2007). "Graphene: Exploring carbon flatland". Physics Today.
A Closer Look at Graphene
2D hexagonal carbon crystal lattice
Infinite boundaries Actual 2D structure is debatable
Graphene sandwich Thermal effects
Wide array of potential uses
http://www.nanotechnow.com/images/Art_Gallery/ASgraphene.jpg
Zi百度文库gler, K., Robust transport properties in graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett.
Graphene ribbons have tunable electrical conductivity depending on the shape
http://www.atwillett.com/l ighting_pictures/lightningb olt_closeup.jpg
Charlier, J.-C., Blase, X., & Roche, S. Electronic and transport properties of nanotubes. Rev. Mod. Phys.
Tunable band gap from 0 to 0.25 eV
Excellent conductivity makes graphene ideal for electrical leads in sensors/capacitors or use in touch screens because of its mechanical strength
John Scott Bunch. Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Graphene. Cornell University 2008.
Graphene Electrical Properties
Anomalous Quantum Hall Effect
Carbon vs. Silicon
Figure (a) is Intel’s 45 nm silicon transistor which uses a Hafniun based dielectric.
Some approaches involve spin-based devices, while others
replace a key component of the device, the conducting
channel, with carbon nanomaterials, which have superior
Possible optical phonon scattering from attached substrate
Both P and N-type transistors have been created
Recent announcement by IBM that graphene transistor was operated at a terahertz frequency
Excellent conductor of heat Phonon dominated although
it can be shown that at certain conditions the electrical portion is significant
http://www.kinectrics.com/images/CableS pan.JPG
of the continuous miniaturization or ‘scaling’
of electronic devices, particularly of silicon-
based transistors, that has led to denser,
faster and more power-efficient circuitry.
Figure (b) is a wafer of the 45 nm transistors photographed with a dime. The processors incorporate 410 million transistors for each dual core chip, and 820 million for each quad core chip.
The Consortium of International Semiconductor Companies in its 2001 International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors projected that transistors have to be smaller than 9 nanometers by 2016 in order to continue the performance trend.
http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/sabl/2007/Nov/assets/img/lrg/graphene_sheet.jpg
History of Graphene
Wallace in 1947 Created 2D structure to help in the understanding of 3D Graphite
Naturally occurring
Multilayer in graphite Nanospecs in soot from exhaust
Currently one of the most researched materials
Unique physical and electrical properties
Single layers of graphite grown epitaxially on metallic substrates in the 1970s Tightly bound to substrate, distorted properties
Term “graphene” coined in 1987 2004, Geim and Novoselov mechanically exfoliated sheets of
graphene oxide sheets Ultrafast graphene photodetector Electronics and Magnetism of Patterned Graphene
Nanoroads General Conclusions
Introduction
Advances in electronics have been the result
electrical properties.
Charlier, J.-C., Blase, X., & Roche, S. Electronic and transport properties of nanotubes. Rev. Mod. Phys.
Introduction
Among these carbon nanomaterials is graphene. Graphene is a two dimensional allotrope of carbon arranged like a honeycomb structure made out of hexagons and plays an important role since it is the basis for the understanding of the electronic properties in other allotropes.
Quantization of the Hall effect
Dirac fermions
Carriers have zero effective mass
Room temperature electron mobility of 15,000 cm2/V*s
Theoretically higher conductivity at room temp than silver, but unknown forces are limiting
http://www.scc.spokane.edu/_im ages/elect/circuit.gif
The realization of the approaching limits has inspired a
worldwide effort to develop alternative device technologies.
Nanoscopic graphene flakes bend with increasing pressure which alters their electrical conductivity which can be related to the pressure
Thermal properties exceed those of diamond
Electrical Component: Transistor
A transistor's operation speed depends on the size of the device — smaller devices can run faster — and the speed at which electrons travel in it. This size dependence has been one of the major driving forces for making ever smaller silicon transistors.
Overview
Introduction
Graphene’s mechanical properties Graphene’s electrical properties
Carbon Vs Silicon Supercapacitors and Graphene Gas Detection using low-temperature reduced
GRAPHENE
Team #3
Phillip Keller Krista Melish Micheal Jones James Kancewick
http://www.nanotech-now.com/images/Art_Gallery/ASgraphene.jpg
Further Applications and Research
Graphene Mechanical Properties
Breaking strength 200 times greater than steel
Youngs modulus of ~ 1 tPa
Incredible rigidity lends themselves to nanoscale pressure sensors
graphene from graphite Transferred to charge neutral silicon substrate First successful electrical properties measured
Geim, A. K. & MacDonald, A. H. (2007). "Graphene: Exploring carbon flatland". Physics Today.
A Closer Look at Graphene
2D hexagonal carbon crystal lattice
Infinite boundaries Actual 2D structure is debatable
Graphene sandwich Thermal effects
Wide array of potential uses
http://www.nanotechnow.com/images/Art_Gallery/ASgraphene.jpg
Zi百度文库gler, K., Robust transport properties in graphene. Phys. Rev. Lett.
Graphene ribbons have tunable electrical conductivity depending on the shape
http://www.atwillett.com/l ighting_pictures/lightningb olt_closeup.jpg
Charlier, J.-C., Blase, X., & Roche, S. Electronic and transport properties of nanotubes. Rev. Mod. Phys.
Tunable band gap from 0 to 0.25 eV
Excellent conductivity makes graphene ideal for electrical leads in sensors/capacitors or use in touch screens because of its mechanical strength
John Scott Bunch. Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Graphene. Cornell University 2008.
Graphene Electrical Properties
Anomalous Quantum Hall Effect