专业英语1 - 副本
Car Body 车身
Chassis 底盘
Engine 发动机
Electronics system 汽车电器
internal combustion engin内燃/发动机
diesel engine 柴油发动机
four-stroke cycle四行程循环
power train 动力传动系
fuel economy 燃油经济性
intake Stroke
compression Stroke
power Stroke
exhaust Stroke
carburetor 化油器
potential 潜能
critical 严重的
pollution 污染
benefit 利益好处
energy density 能量密度
cruising speed 巡航速度
valve train 配气机构
rocker arm 摇臂
valve lifter 挺柱
valve face 气门锥面
timing belt 正时带
transmission 变速器
clutch 离合器
differential gear 差速器
final drive 主减速器
alignment 对准,校直,调整
tune up 调整(发)
suspension system 悬架系
coil spring 螺旋弹簧
leaf spring 钢板弹簧
torsion bar spring 扭杆弹簧
air spring 空气弹簧
axle housing alignment桥壳定位
rack-and-pinion steering齿轮齿条转向recirculating-ball steering 循环球转向coolant 冷却剂
radiator 散热器
thermostat 节温器
airbag 安全气囊
compressor 压缩机
condenser 冷凝器
evaporator 蒸发器
receiver-drier 液-干燥器
expansion valve 膨胀阀
Steering shaft 转向轴
Spark ignition engine火花点火发动机Compression ignition engine压燃点火发动机Drive train system 传动系
Valve spring 气门弹簧
Valve seat 气门座
Low-voltage current低压直流
Ignition system 点火系统
Ignition switch点火开关
Ignition coil 点火线圈
Distributor-type system无分电器点火系统Cranking speed启动转速
Gear reduction ratio 齿轮减速比
Automatic transmission
Manual transmission
Rear-wheel-drive后轮驱动
Suspension system悬架系统
Steering system 转向系
Steering wheel转向盘
Steering gear 转向机
Mechanical advantage机械效益
Drum break 鼓式
①Wheel cylinder 制动轮缸④Drum 鼓
②Shoes 制动蹄③Lining 摩擦衬片
Drum brakes consist of a backing plate,brake shoes,brake drum,wheel cylinder,return springs and an automatic or self-adjusting system.When you apply the brakes,brake fluid is
forced,under pressure,into the wheel cylinder which,in turn,pushes the brake shoes into contact with the machined surface on the inside of the drum.When the pressure is
released,retune springs pull the shoes back to their rest position.As the brake linings wear,the shoes must travel a greater distance to reach the drum.When the distance reaches a certain point,a self-adjusting mechanism automatically reacts by adjusting the rest position of the shoes so that they are closer to the drum.
鼓式制动器包括一个底板，刹车蹄，刹车鼓，制动轮缸，回位弹簧和自动或自动调节系统。当你申请刹车，刹车流体是被迫，压力下，进入轮缸，反过来，推动制动蹄接触的加工表面在里面的鼓。当压力被释放，重新调整弹簧拉鞋回到休息的位置。因为制动衬片的磨损，鞋必须传播更大的距离达到鼓。当距离达到一定点，自我调节的机制自动反应调整其余位置的鞋，使它们更接近鼓。
Disk break 盘式
Disc brake, as the name suggests is to take its shape. It is controlled by the hydraulic main parts, brake disc, brake pads, caliper, piston seal ,dust boot and so on. Brake disc with alloy steel and is fixed on a wheel, rotating with
wheels. Pump is fixed on the brake bottom plate
is fixed, brake caliper two brake pads are
respectively arranged on both sides of the brake
disk, divided by the piston pump tubing conveyed
to the hydraulic action, drive brake pads
pressure to the brake disc friction brake, act
like tongs clamped rotary in the plate, forcing
it to stop.
盘式制动器，顾名思义是取其形状。它是由液压主
要零件，刹车盘，刹车片，卡尺，活塞密封，防尘
套等。刹车盘用合金钢和固定在车轮上，随车轮转
动。泵固定在制动底板固定制动卡钳制动盘，分别
安装在制动盘的两侧，除以活塞泵油管输送到液压
动作，驱动制动片压到制动盘摩擦制动，像钳子夹
紧旋转的板，迫使它停止。
1.The power is then carried from the engine
through the power train to the car so that the
wheels turn and the car moves.通过传动系从发
动机传递到车轮
2.If your car transmission needs repairs or
replacement,you’ve come to the right place.
如果汽车变速器需要修理和更换
3.If you wanted a top speed of 80km/h,then the
gear ratio would be similar to third gear in most
manual thansmission cars.速比相近于3挡
4.The torque converter doesn't require any
regular maintained or adjustments,but it may be
possible to change the transmission fluid. 不
要求定期维护或调整
5.The drive shaft can be either open or
enclosed,Depending on the type of driveused 取
决于所使用的驱动类型
6.The location of the driving axle determines
whether the vehicle is classified as rear-wheel
drive,front-wheel drive,four-wheel drive or
all-wheel drive.
驱动桥的位置决定驱动方式的类型：后驱、前驱、
四轮驱动和全轮驱动
1. The lighting system changes electron flow
into light and the horn into sound(把电流变成
光，而喇叭将电流变成声音)
2.We know that every vehicle has its own
ignition system and is started by it(每辆汽车
都有自己的点火系，而点火系用以启动汽车)
3.The ignition system usually consists of these
parts like spark plugs, wiring, distributor,
ignition coil, and source of electrical
current(由火花塞、导线、分电器、点火线圈和电
源等部件组成)
4.If the battery were the only supply of
electrons necessary to operate all of the
automotive electrical equipment, it would soon
become discharged(那么蓄电池不久就会把电放完)
5.The mixture comes to exploding burning when
ignited.(混合气会产生爆燃)
发动机油
发动机机油有几个作用。第一，油液在发动机部
件之间循环防止金属与金属的接触。没有油液，金
属与金属接触产生磨损。移动部件之间的油液可使
其自由移动，且摩擦较小。发动机的摩擦越小，产
生的动力就越大。
循环的油液把发动机部件内的热量带走从而冷
却发动机，并清洁冲走沉淀脏物。最后，汽缸壁上
循环的油液密封活塞环，提高了发动机的压缩性。
Engine oil has a number of functions. First, the
oil in the engine components between
circulating prevent metal-to-metal contact. No
oil, metal to metal contact wear. Moving parts
between the oil liquid can make its move freely,
and smaller friction. Engine friction is small,
the power is bigger.Circulating oil to engine
components within the heat away from the engine
and cooling, and clean the dirt washed
precipitate. Finally, the walls of the cylinder
circulating oil seal piston ring, improves the
engine compression.
1.The power is then carried from the engine
through the power train to the car so that the
wheels turn and the car moves.通过传动系从发
动机传递到车轮
2.If your car transmission needs repairs or
replacement,you’ve come to the right place.
如果汽车变速器需要修理和更换
3.If you wanted a top speed of 80km/h,then the
gear ratio would be similar to third gear in most
manual thansmission cars.速比相近于3挡
4.The torque converter doesn't require any
regular maintained or adjustments,but it may be
possible to change the transmission fluid. 不
要求定期维护或调整
5.The drive shaft can be either open or
enclosed,Depending on the type of driveused 取
决于所使用的驱动类型
7. The lighting system changes electron flow
into light and the horn into sound(把电流变成
光，而喇叭将电流变成声音)
8.We know that every vehicle has its own
ignition system and is started by it(每辆汽车
都有自己的点火系，而点火系用以启动汽车)
9.The ignition system usually consists of these
parts like spark plugs, wiring, distributor,
ignition coil, and source of electrical
current(由火花塞、导线、分电器、点火线圈和电
源等部件组成)
10.If the battery were the only supply of
electrons necessary to operate all of the
automotive electrical equipment, it would soon
become discharged(那么蓄电池不久就会把电放完)
11.The mixture comes to exploding burning when
ignited.(混合气会产生爆燃)
12. Steering system mainly includes Steering
wheel，steering gears，linkages，and other
components(转向盘、转向机、杠杆机构和其他零部
件)
13.In the pitman arm system,the movement inside
the steering box Causes the pitman shaft and arm
to rotate(使转向摇臂轴及转向摇臂旋转)
14.The steering linkage is so designed as to
Prevent side-slip of all automobile wheels in
cornering(防止汽车转弯时车轮侧滑)
15.For the personal safety of the driver and
passengers of the car,Steering gear plays an
important role(转向机起着重要的作用)
16.Two types of steering system are usually used
on cars: Manual steering system and power
steering system(手动转向系统和动力转向系统)
The movement of the coolant and the removal
of heat from the coolant require a system called
the cooling system. The only purpose of the
engine’s cooling system is to remove excess
heat from the engine, to keep the engine
operating temperature at its most efficient
level, and to get the engine up to the correct
temperature as soon as possible after starting.
A cooling system is also required to prevent the
internal engine parts from melting from the heat
of the burning fuel.
该运动的冷却和散热的冷却系统冷却系统的要
求。目的只是发动机的冷却系统，以去除多余的热
量从发动机，使发动机工作温度在其最有效的水平，
并使发动机达到正确的温度后尽快开始。冷却系统
也必须防止发动机内部零件从熔化的热燃烧的燃
料。
There are two types of cooling systems found
on cars: liquid-cooled and air-cooled.
汽车上常见的的两种冷却系统：液冷。空冷
Air cooling: some older cars, and very few
modern cars, are air-cooled. Instead of
circulating fluid through the engine, the
engine block is covered in aluminum fins that
conduct the heat away from the cylinder. A
powerful fan forces air over these fins, which
cools the engine by transferring the heat to the
air.
Liquid cooling
The cooling system on liquid-cooled cars
circulates a fluidsthrough pipes and
passageways in the engine. As this liquid passes
through the hot engine it absorbs heat, cooling
the engine . After the fluid leaves the engine,
it passes through a heat exchanger , or radiator,
which transfers the heat from the fluid to the
air blowing through the exchanger. most
automotive engines today are liquid cooled.
This system is made up of a number of parts:
the coolant pump, radiator, radiator hoses,
radiator pressure cap, coolant recovery system,
thermostat, fan, and drive belts.
1.内燃机the internal combustion engine
2.2. a reciprocating engine 往复式发动机
3.3. 废气排放exhaust emmissions
4.4. fuel consumption 燃料消耗
5.5. 燃油经济性 fuel economy
6. 6. combustion chamber燃烧室
7.7. 混合动力汽车hybrid-electric
vehicle
8.8. mass production 大规模生产
9.双燃料汽车 dual-fuei vehicle
10.10. air-cooled engine 风冷式发动机
1.汽油(发动)机 gasoline engine
2. in low-speed driving conditions在低速
行车条件下
3.3. 达到各种不同的目的achieve a variety
of different objectives
4.
higher energy density高能量密度
5.5. 电动机electric-motor
6.6. air conditioning 空调装置
7.7. 反馈制动regenerative braking
8.
power source 动力源
9.9.资源消耗 resource consumption
10.10. dashboard display汽车仪表板显示
1.气门机构 valve train
2.2. pushrod engine 推杆式发动机
3. 3. 气门弹簧 valve spring
4.4. timing chain正时链条
5.气门锥面 value face
6.6. steel alloy 合金钢
7.7. 气门座value seat
8.
timing belt 正时带
9.9. 挺柱 value lifter
10. 10. at high engine speed发动机高速运
转
1.一次电路 the primary circuit
2. 2. ignition system点火系统
3.3. 磁力场 magnetic force field
4. 4. spark plug wire 火花塞线
5.曲轴正时传感器crankshaft timing
sensor
6.6. distributor cap 分电器盖
7.7. 点火线圈一次绕组coil primary
winding
8.control module 控制模块
9.9. 分电器触点distributor contact
point
10.10. breaker point断电器触电
1.手动变速器 manual transmission
2. 2. automatic transmission自动变速器
3.3. 行星齿轮组 planetary gear set
4.
transaxle assembly 驱动桥总成
5.5. 差速器 differential gear
6.6. clutch pedal 离合器踏板
7.7. 变速杆 gearshift lever
8.release bearing分离轴承
9.9. 发动机制动 engine braking
10. 10. torque converter液力变矩器
1.制动系统 brake system
2. 2. the parking brake 驻车制动器
3.3.行车制动系统 the service brake system
4. the disk brake 盘式制动器
5.手制动 the hand brake
6. 6.the brake shoe 制动蹄片
7.7. 鼓式制动器 durm brake
8. 8. brake pads 制动块
9.制动性能 brake performance
10.10. brake fluid制动液
1.悬架系统 suspension system
2.2. front suspension system 前悬架系
3. 3. 空气压缩机 air compressor
4.4. torque tube 传递转矩管
5.桥壳定位 axle housing alignment
6.6. coil spring 螺旋弹簧
7. 7. 下控制臂lower control
8.
rebound clip缓冲夹
9.9. 牵引杆 traction bar
10.10. control arm控制臂
1.齿轮齿条转向 rack-and-pinion steering
2. steering shaft 转向轴
2.3. 循环球转向recirculating-ball
steering 4. steering wheel 转向盘
5.横拉杆内接头inner tie rod end
6. 6. steering arm 转向臂
7.7. 横拉杆外接头 outer tie rod end
8. 8. steering gear 转向机
9.机械效益 mechanical advantage
10. 10. steering system转向系
1.润滑系统 lubrication system
2. 2. moving component 运动部件
3.3. 循环机油 circulating oil
4. 4. compression pressure压缩压力
5.集滤器 pick-up screen
6.6. pressure-regulator valve 压力调节阀
7. 旁通阀bypass value
8.oil filter机油滤清器
9.9. 循环流体 circulating
10. 10. operating temperature工作温度
1.安全气囊模块 airbag module
2.2. gas generator 气体发生器
3.3. 散热器支架radiator support
4. 4. peak load 最大负荷
5.固态化学气体solid chemical gas
6. 6. trim cover 装饰罩
7.7. 保护板fender apron
8.8. airbag sensor 气囊传感器
9.中央气囊传感器总成center airbag sensor
assembly
10.10. deployment of airbags 气囊展开
专业英语翻译1
当一个命题函数的所有变量都赋上了值，所得到的语句就有了真假值。然而,还有另一个重要的方法,称为量词化,为了从一个命题函数中生成一个命题，两种形式的量词化将在本节中被讨论，即全称量词和存在量词。 许多数学家陈述断言，对于所有在特定的定义域内的变量，它的取值是真的，其中特定的定义域称为论域，像这样的量词化例子我们通常用全称量词化。全称量词化是一个命题函数对于在论域内的所有x的取值，P(x)都是真的，论域指的是对于x可能取的值。 定义1：P(x)的全称量词化是这样一个命题：对论域中的所有x,P(x)都是真的。把P(x)的全称量词化记作?xP(x)。这里?是被叫做全称量词。 命题xP(X)也可以表达成“对于所有的xP(x)”或者对于“每一个 xP(x)” 注意：最好不用any这个词，因为它可能意指“每一个”或“某一个”，经常导致意义含糊不清。而在某些情况下，例如用于否定句中，如在句子“there is not any reason not to study hard.”（没有任何不努力学习的理由）中，any的含义却是清楚的。 例题5. 用全称量词化表达一个句子“对于班上的每一个学生都学习了微积分。” 方法：设P(x)为语句“x 学习了微积分。” 然后语句“对于班上每一个学生都学习了微积分”可以被写成?xP(x)的形式，然而学生都包含在班上这个论域里。
这个语句也能被表达成 ?x(s(x)→P(x)), 然而S(x)语句是“x在班上”。 P(x)同前者一样，论域是所有学生的集合。 例题5说明，对于一个定理，可采用不止一种的好办法来证明。 许多数学家陈述断言，对于一个有特定取值的元素，像这样的语句通常用存在量词化，对于存在量词化，我们形成一个命题是正确的，当且仅当P(x)是真的至少对于一个在论域内的x。 定义2.P(x)的存在量词化是这样一个命题：在论域中存在一个元素x 使得P(x)都是真的，把P(x)的存在量词化记作?xP(x)。这里?是存在量词。 存在量词化?xP(x)也可以表达为“对于P(x)存在一个x”,“对于P(x)至少有一个x”,或者对于一些xP(x)”。 例题6.设P(x)为语句“x>3”.对于存在量词化?xP(x)在那些情况下是真的，然而论域是真值的集合。 方法：因为“x>3”是真的，例如，当x=4则对于存在量词化P(x)，即?xP(x)是真的。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语第一章课文翻译
第一章第一篇sectiong Two variables u(t) and i(t) are the most basic concepts in an electric circuit, they characterize the various relationships in an electric circuitu(t)和i(t)这两个变量是电路中最基本的两个变量，它们刻划了电路的各种关系。 Charge and Current The concept of electric charge is the underlying principle for explaining all electrical phenomena. Also, the most basic quantity in an electric circuit is the electric charge. Charge is an electrical property of the atomic particles of which matter consists, measured in coulombs (C). 电荷和电流电荷的概念是用来解释所有电气现象的基本概念。也即，电路中最基本的量是电荷。电荷是构成物质的原子微粒的电气属性，它是以库仑为单位来度量的。 We know from elementary physics that all matter is made of fundamental building blocks known as atoms and that each atom consists of electrons, protons, and neutrons. We also know that the charge e on an electron is negative and equal in magnitude to 1.60210×10-19C, while a proton carries a positive charge of the same magnitude as the electron. The presence of equal numbers of protons and electrons leaves an atom neutrally charged. 我们从基础物理得知一切物质是由被称为原子的基本构造
专业英语综合(1+)
Lesson1 1、the branch of scientific analysis, which deals with motions, time, and forces, is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics. Statics deals with the analysis of stationary systems, i.e., those in which time is not a factor, and dynamics deals with systems, which change with time. 对运动时间和作用力作出科学分析的分支成为力学。他由静力学和动力学两部分组成。静力学对静止系统进行分析，即在其中不考虑时间这个引述，动力学对事件而变化的系统进行分析。 2、Any two such forces acting on a body constitute a couple. The arm of the couple is the perpendicular distance between their lines of action, and the plane of the couple is the plane containing the two lines of action. 作用在一个刚体上的两个这样的的里构成一个力偶。力偶臂是这两个条作用线之间的垂直距离，力偶面是包含着两条作用线的平面。 3、Mechanics deal with two kinds of quantities: scalars and vectors. Scalar quantities are those with which a magnitude alone is associated. Examples of scalar quantities in mechanics are time, volume, density, speed, energy, and mass. Vector quantities, on the other hand, possess direction as well as magnitude. Examples of vectors are displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, moment, and momentum. 力学涉及两种类型的量，标量和矢量。标量是那些只有大小的量。在力学中标量的例子有时间、体积、密度、速率、、能量和质量。另一方面，矢量既有大小又有大小又有方向。矢量的例子有位移、速度、加速度、力、力矩、动量。 Lesson2（此课后面没翻译，翻译的不太准确谅解）1 、The turning of a part in a lathe is another example of several forces in action.（as shown in figure1） 车床车削是一些力在起作用的另一个例子。figure1(如图)。 2 、If this workpiece is held between the centers of the lathe, the centers exert a compressive force against the work. 如果这个工件在放在车床中心之间,中心车床对工作产生压力。 3、Rotary motion is required to drill holes, turn parts in a lathe, mill surfaces, or drive a generator or fan belt. 扶轮运动需要去钻孔，在车床上转换两件,表面, 或驱动发电机或风扇皮带 4 、Harmonic and Intermittent Motion（谐和运动和 间歇运动）: Any simple vibration, such as the regular back, and forth movement of the end of a pendulum, is simple harmonic motion. Lesson4 1 、Virtually all machines contain shafts. The most common shape for shafts is circular and the cross section can be either solid or hollow. 实际上，几乎所有的机器中都装有轴。轴的最 常见的形状是圆形，其截面可以是实心的，也可以 是空心的（空心轴可以减轻重量）。有时也采用矩 形轴，例如，螺丝起子的头部.套筒扳手和控制旋 钮的杆。 2、A shaft must have adequate torisonal strength to transmit torque and not be over stressed it must also be torsional stiff enough so that one mounted component does not deviate excessively from its original angular position relative to a second component mounted on the same shaft. 为了在传递扭矩时不发生过载，轴应该有适当 的抗扭强度。轴还应该具有足够的抗扭强度，以使 在同一轴上的两个传动零件之间的相对转角不会 过大。 3 、Components such as gears and pulleys are mounted on shafts by means of key. The design of the key and the corresponding keyway in the shaft must be properly evaluated. For example, stress concentrations occur in shafts due to keyways, and the material removed to from the keyway further weakens the shaft. 齿轮和皮带轮等零件通过键连接在轴上。在键 及轴上与之相对应的键槽的设计中，必须进行认真 的计算。例如，轴上的键槽会引起应力集中，由于 键槽的存在会使轴的横截面积减小，会进一步减弱 轴的强度。 4、Another important aspect of shaft design is the method of directly connecting one shaft to another. Devices such as rigid and flexible couplings accomplish this. 轴的设计工作中的另一个重要方面是一根轴与另 一根轴之间的直接连接方法。这是由刚性或者弹性 联轴器来实现的。 Lesson5 1、The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and transmits power. One or more members such as gears ,sprockers,pullys,and cams are usually attached to the shaft by means of pins, keys,splines,snap rings,and other devices . These latter members are among the "associated parts" consedered in this text,as ate couplings and universal joints , which serve to connect the shaft to the source of power or load. 2、It is apparent that shafts can be subjected to various combinations of axial,bending,and torsional loads,and that these loads may be static or fluctuating. 3、Torsional defection can affect the accuracy of a cam or gear driven mechanism .Furthermore,the greater the flexibility -either lateral or torsional-the lower the corresponding critical speed. 4、A gear can be gripped axially between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer ,with torque being transmitted through a keyways. Lesson7 1、Fasteners are devices which permit one part to be joined to a second part and ,hence,they are involved in almost all designs . The acceptability of any product depends not only on the selected components , but also on the means by which they are fastened together. The principal purposes of fasteners are to provide the following design features; 紧固件是将一个零件与另一个零件进行连接的 零件。因此，几乎在所有的设计中都要用到紧固件。 人们对于任何产品的满意程度不仅取决于其组成 部件，还取决于其连接方式。 2、The importance of fasteners can be realized when referring ro any complex product,In the case of the automobile,there are literally thousands of parts which are fastened together to produce the total product.The failure or loosening of a single fastener could result in a simple nuisance such as a door rattle or in a serious situation such as a wheel coming off. Such possibilities must be taken into account in the selection of the type of fatener for the specific application. 通过任何一个复杂的产品，都可以认识到紧固件 在其中的重要性。以汽车为例，它是由数千个零件 连接在一起而成为一辆车。一个紧固件的失效或松 脱可能会带来像车门嘎嘎响这类小麻烦，也可能造
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专业英语翻译1
专业英语翻译1
Basic Chemistry 1. Atomic Structure Matter has mass and takes up space. Atoms are basic building blocks of matter, and cannot be chemically subdivided by ordinary means. Both the protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus. Protons have a positive (+) charge, neutrons have no charge --they are neutral. Electrons reside in orbitals around the nucleus. They have a negative charge (-). It is the number of protons that determines the atomic number. The number of protons in an element is constant but neutron number may vary, so mass number (protons + neutrons) may vary. 1。原子结构 物质有质量，占空间。原子是物质的基本组成物，不能用普通的方法进行化学细分。 质子和中子都驻留在原子核中。质子有一个正电荷，中子是不带电的，它们是中性的。电子在原子核周围的轨道上。他们有一个负电荷（-）。 它是确定原子序数的质子数。在一个元素中的质子的数量是恒定的，但中子数可能会有所不同，所以质量数（质子+中子）可能会有所不同。 The same element may contain varying numbers of neutrons; these forms of an element are called isotopes. The chemical properties of isotopes are the same, although the physical properties of some isotopes may be different. Some isotopes are radioactive-meaning they "radiate" energy as they decay to a more stable form, perhaps another element half-life: time required for half of the atoms of an element to decay into stable form. Another example is oxygen, with atomic number of 8 can have 8, 9, or 10 neutrons. 相同的元素可能含有不同数量的中子，这些元素
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abrasiveness 研磨；腐蚀absolute 绝对的accumulate 堆积；积累 acid 酸；酸性的，酸味的actuator 执行机构 adjust 调整；调节agitation 搅拌 air preheater 空气预热器 air register 空气调节器airflow 气流 alkali 碱 allowance 公差，容差，容许量alloy 合金 alternating current 交流电 angle 角度，角 apparatus 装置，仪器，仪表application 应用 artificial 人造的；仿造的assembly 装配 atmospheric 大气的，大气层的austenite 奥氏体 automation 自动化，自动操作auxiliary 辅助设备，附属机构backflow 回流 baffle 挡板；折流板；隔板batch 一批，批量 bearing 轴承 bellow 波纹管 belt 带；腰带；地带blade 叶片 blower 鼓风机 boiler 锅炉
bolt 螺栓 bonnet 阀盖，阀帽，机罩box furnace 箱式炉 brittle 易碎的，脆弱的burner 燃烧器 bushing 轴衬；套管butterfly valve 蝶阀capacity 容积 carbon steel 碳钢，碳素钢casing 机壳 cast 浇铸 catalyst 催化剂category 分类，种类cavity 腔；洞，凹处centrifugal force 离心力chamber 腔，室，船舱check valve 止回阀checklist 检查表，清单classify 分类；分等clockwise 顺时针方向的coating 涂层，覆盖层coefficient 系数 coil 盘管，线圈 coking 结焦，焦化 column 圆柱，柱形物combination 结合 combustion 燃烧，氧化 component 成分；组件；零件composition 组成，成分 compressor 压缩机 concentration 浓度 concentric 同轴的，同心的
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英语专业实习报告 ????实习学校.市二中学,上海市第二中学,自己初中,高中7年的母校,可以说是再熟悉不过,看到大学里对口的学校里有这所的时候,没有丝毫犹豫地就填进了志愿里,也如愿的在母校开始了大学必经的实习阶段,也是别有一番意义的.回学校实习,亲切万分,亲爱的老师们还在,接受教育的学生们却是一张张全新的面孔,想想自己离开学校3年来的进进出出,目前的3个年级都是我毕业后考进市二的学生.学校的操场,小花园,甚至是几间教室,都是充满回忆的地方,接下来实习的日子,走过这些地方的时候,过去的记忆就不断在脑海里回旋. ????初日.我们一行8位同学到达市二后,接待我们的是现任教导主任高萍老师,她向我们简单介绍了下学校目前的状况,以及实习期间需要注意的一些事项.接下来是认识带教老师,我与其他2位同学分到高一,其余5位同学到高二.英语学科的带教老师是王雅芬老师,教学经验丰富,还担任高一的年级组长;班主任唐虹老师,自己高三时,她教过我政治,算是相当熟悉,呵呵.带教老师和班主任都向我们简单介绍了一下所带班级的基本情况.第一天只是熟悉下校园,第二天正式到班级,当时想到就要面对40多个学生,不免还是有点担心和紧张. ????身份.实习老师,是个很特别的存在.还记得第一次被班级里学生叫老师好的时候的那种错愕,渐渐适应,然后自如反应,点头示意.开始的一个礼拜,日渐习惯起学校的生活,仿佛重回高中时代一般,只是是以一种全新的角度来看待学生,以老师的身份来要求自己了,这种感觉挺奇妙的,以往觉得“高高在上”的老师,突然间成了身边的“同事”,作为实习老师,又该以怎样的态度去面对高中的学生?身份的转变,是实习阶段第一个要跨越的坎吧,正确认识自己的身份:带教老师的学生,高中学生的老师. ????高一(X)班.担任实习班主任工作的班级是高一(7)班,高一年级两个理科班之一,与我那时的理科班大为不同,现在理科班的学生不像我们那时那么沉闷,就像班主任唐老师所说,对于老师来说是喜忧参半吧,毕竟调皮的学生太多,比较不容易控制.一进教室就看到教室后的墙壁上贴满了奖状,看的出来这个班级在学校里也是相当活跃的,学校里评选的各个之星,几乎7班也每个都有份.班上同学的性格很活泼,几天相处下来,就建立起了不错的关系,谈谈班级同学,日常琐事,甚至也有同学会来找我解答问题,谈谈理想,也让自己渐渐有了的确是个老师了的觉悟. ????听课.实习的必经阶段,听课不仅能够学习带教老师的教学方法,也能熟悉自己将要教学的班级.高中阶段的英语课程与大学里大不相同,尽管自己以前高中时也上过牛津的教材,现在的教学要求又有新的变化,也因老师的不同,教学方法上有很大的差异.带教的王老师教态相当严谨,备课很充分,听第一节课的时候就觉得整节课规划的很好,让学生知道这节课要完成的内容,就算有突发状况的发生,也能自行控制好时间等等.学校规定的听课是10节左右,自己基本上能去听的课都去了,为的是想了解整个章节上课的完整过程,每个部分都有不同的上课手段和形式,都是值得学习的地方.大学里所学的英语教学法课程,提及不少教学
专业英语翻译第一章
注：电气工程及其自动化专业英语翻译 1~7面 班级：1002班 学号：20 姓名：王定瑞 PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRIC ENGINEERING Chapter 1 Circuit Fundamentals 第1部分的电气工程基础 第1章电路原理 Electrostatic Charges 静电荷 Protons and electrons are parts of atoms that make up all things in our world. The positive charge of a proton is similar to the negative charge of an electron. However, a positive charge is the opposite of a negative charge. These charges are called electrostatic charges. Each charged particle is surrounded by an electrostatic field. 质子和电子部件的原子构成一切事物在我们的世界。正电荷的质子是类似于负电荷的电子。然而,一个正电荷的反面是一个负电荷。这些指控被称为静电荷。每个带电粒子周围是一个静电场。 The effect that electrostatic charges have on each other is very important. They either repel (move away) or attract (come together) each other. It is said that like charges repel and unlike charges attract. 这个效应,静电指控对方是非常重要的。他们要么排斥(离开)或吸引(一起)每个其他。据说,同种电荷排斥和异种电荷吸引。 The atoms of some materials can be made to gain or lose electrons. The material then becomes charged. One way to do this is to rub a glass rod with a piece of silk cloth. The glass rod loses electrons ( - ) , so it now has a positive ( + ) charge. The silk cloth pulls electrons ( - ) away from the glass. Since the silk cloth gains new electrons, it now has a negative ( - ) charge. Another way to charge a material is to rub a rubber rod with fur. 原子的一些材料可以获得或失去电子。材料然后变成带电。一个办法是摩擦玻璃棒用一块丝绸。玻璃棒失去电子(-),所以它现在有了一个积极的(+)费用。丝绸布拉电子(-)远离玻璃。因为丝绸布获得新电子, 现在有一个负(-)费用。另一种方式收取材料是磨橡胶棒带毛皮。 It is also possible to charge other materials because some materials are charged when they are brought close to another charged object. If a charged rubber rod is touched against another material, the second material may become charged. 2 Remember that materials are charged due to the movement of electrons and protons. Also, remember that when an atom loses electrons ( - ), it becomes positive ( + ). These facts are very important in the study of electronics. 也有可能收取其他材料,因为一些材料费用当他们带来了接近另一个带电物体。如果一个带电橡胶棒是感动与另一个材料,第二材料可能成为带电。2记住材料被指控由于电子和质子的运动。同时,也要记住,当一个原子失去电子(-),它成为积极的(+)。这些事实是非常重要的在学习电子产品。 Charged materials affect each other due to lines of force. These imaginary lines cannot be seen. However, they exert a force in all directions around a charged material. Their force is similar to the force of gravity around the earth. This force is called a gravitational field. 带电材料互相影响由于力线。这些假想的线不能被看到。然而,他们施加一个力向四面八方围绕一个带电材料。他们的力量是类似于重力围绕地球。这个力称为引力场。 Most people have observed the effect of static electricity. Whenever objects become charged, it is due to static electricity. A common example of static electricity is lightning. Lightning is caused by a difference in charge ( + and - ) between the earth's surface and the clouds during a storm. The arc produced by lightning is the movement of charges between the earth and the clouds. Another common
过程装备与控制工程专业英语翻译6
Reading Material 6 Stainless Steel Stainless steels do not rust in the atmosphere as most other steels do. The term "stainless" implies a resistance to staining, rusting, and pitting in the air, moist and polluted as it is, and generally defines a chromium content in excess of 11 % but less than 30%. And the fact that the stuff is "steel" means that the base is iron. Stainless steels have room-temperature yield strengths that range from 205 MPa (30 ksi) to more than 1725 MPa (250 ksi). Operating temperatures around 750 C (1400 F) are reached. At the other extreme of temperature some stainless steels maintain their toughness down to temperatures approaching absolute zero. With specific restrictions in certain types, the stainless steels can be shaped and fabricated in conventional ways. They can be produced and used in the as-cast condition; shapes can be produced by powder-metallurgy techniques; cast ingots can be rolled or forged (and this accounts for the greatest tonnage by far). The rolled product can be drawn, bent, extruded, or spun. Stainless steel can be further shaped by machining, and it can be joined by soldering, brazing, and welding. It can be used as an integral cladding on plain carbon or low-alloy steels. The generic term "stainless steel" covers scores of standard compositions as well as variations bearing company trade names and special alloys made for particular applications. Stainless steels vary in their composition from a fairly simple alloy of, essentially, iron with 11% chromium, to complex alloys that include 30% chromium, substantial quantities of nickel, and half a dozen other effective elements. At the high-chromium, high-nickel end of the range they merge into other groups of heat-resisting alloys, and one has to be arbitrary about a cutoff point. If the alloy content is so high that the iron content is about half, however, the alloy falls outside the stainless family. Even with these imposed restrictions on composition, the range is great, and naturally, the properties that affect fabrication and use vary enormously. It is obviously not enough to specify simply a "stainless steel.” Classification the various specifying bodies categorize stainless steels according to chemical composition and other properties. However, all the stainless steels, whatever specifications they conform to, can be conveniently classified into six major classes that represent three distinct types of alloy constitution, or structure. These classes are ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, manganese-substituted austenitic, duplex austenitic ferritic, and precipitation-hardening. Each class is briefly described below. (1) Ferrous stainless steels: This class is so named because the crystal structure of the steel is the same as that of iron at room temperature. The alloys in the class are magnetic at room temperature and up to their Curie temperature (about 750 C; 1400 F). Common alloys in the ferrous class contain between 11% and 29% chromium, no nickel, and very little carbon in the wrought condition. (2)Martensitic stainless steels: Stainless steels of this class, which
专业英语结课报告
专业英语结课报告翻译：基于AT89S51单片机的电子万年历的设计 班级：10级电子信息统本01班 姓名：席宇康 学号：101102010128
摘要 本文借助电路仿真软件Protues对基于AT89S51单片机的电子万年历的设计方法及仿真进行了全面的阐述。该电子万年历在硬件方面主要采用AT89C51单片机作为主控核心，由DS1302时钟芯片提供时钟、1602LCM点阵液晶显示屏显示。AT89C51单片机是由Atmel公司推出的，功耗小，电压可选用4～6V电压供电；DS1302时钟芯片是美国DALLAS公司推出的具有涓细电流充电功能的低功耗实时时钟芯片，它可以对年、月、日、星期、时、分、秒进行计时，还具有闰年补偿等多种功能，而且DS1302的使用寿命长，误差小；数字显示是采用的LED液晶显示屏来显示，可以同时显示年、月、日、星期、时、分、秒等信息。此外，该电子万年历还具有时间校准等功能。在软件方面，主要包括日历程序、时间调整程序，显示程序等。所有程序编写完成后，在Keil软件中进行调试，确定没有问题后，在Proteus软件中嵌入单片机内进行仿真。 论文主要研究了液晶显示器LED及时钟芯片DS1302，温度传感器DS18B20与单片机之间的硬件互联及通信，对数种硬件连接方案进行了详尽的比较，在软件方面对日历算法也进行了论述。 研究结果表明，由于万年历的应用相当普遍，所以其设计的核心在于硬件成本的节约软件算法的优化，力求做到物美价廉，才能拥有更广阔的市场前景。 关键词：单片机；DS1302；LED 绪论 随着社会、科技的发展，人类得知时间，从观太阳、摆钟到现在电子钟，不断研究、创新。为了在观测时间的同时，能够了解其它与人类密切相关的信息，比如温度、星期、日期等，电子万年历诞生了，它集时间、日期、星期和温度功能于一身，具有读取方便、显示直观、功能多样、电路简洁等诸多优点，符合电子仪器仪表的发展趋势。伴随着电子技术的迅速发展，特别是随大规模集