2019届江苏省南京市高三零模学情调研英语试卷(解析版)

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江苏省南京市2019届高三9月学情调研测试英语试题含答案

江苏省南京市2019届高三9月学情调研测试英语试题第I卷（选择题）一、单项选择1．_______a striking look with a sea of lavender flowers, Guli has become a famous attraction in Nanjing.A． Wearing B． To wearC． To be wearing D． Having won2．---What’s up, Kim? You look very excited!---Sorry, just a moment ago I ran into Tayor Swift so I was a bit .A． Given up B． have their hands upC． carried away D． driven away3．The Spanish National Football Team is such a superb one that they can .A． get their hands dirty B． have their hands full C． lay their hands on us D． beat us hands down 4．What a lucky dog! He’s just a starring role in Spielberg’s next movie.A． landed B． lostC． arranged D． accepted5．Some animal protectors are seen as being two-faced about animal welfare the way they treat domestic animals.A． in need of B． in view ofC． in search of D． in favour of6．The company needs to develop a culture people see that’s OKto take time off.A． that B． whenC． which D． where7．If we just focus on how we want the future to be, we may be to opportunities along the way.A． equal B． closeC． blind D． open8．You say you are innocent, but we have good reasons to think .A． twice B． overC． aloud D． otherwise9．The site in Beijing is an outstanding of the creative art of Chinese garden design.A． distinction B． expressionC． inspiration D． evaluation10．HMV’s rise started with the pop music revolution of the 1960s, when the company began its album sales in London.A． expanding B． exploringC． exporting D． expecting11．It is very encouraging to see Beijing 2022 is using its potential to maximize the use of existing stadiums.A． how B． whyC． when D． whether12．Mr. Wills, who was being helped up onto the platform to take the prize, looked as if he by lightning.A． was just struck B． were just struckC． would just be struck D． had just been struck13．After 40 years of reform and opening-up, China still has a long。

南京2019届第三次模拟考试英语答案

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南京市2019届高三年级第二次模拟考试英语参考答案

南京市、盐城市2019届高三年级第二次模拟考试英语参考答案2019.03第一部分听力理解（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）1-5 ACBCB 6-10 BCBBA 11-15 BCACB 16-20 CAAAC第二部分英语知识运用（共35小题；每小题1分，满分35分）21-25 BDACA 26-30 CCBDD 31-35 ABBCA36-40 ACDCD 41-45 CCAAA 46-50 BBDBC 51-55 DBBDA第三部分阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）56-57 AC 58-60 BAC 61-64 DDAC 65-70 BBDCBA第四部分任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）71. rids 72. loneliness 73. Withdrawing/Withdrawal 74. consistent 75. supporters/helpers 76. Reflect77. similar/common/shared 78. Trouble 79. refused/rejected80. devoted/committed/dedicated第五部分书面表达（满分25分）81. Two possible versions支持：Adaptations of films and TV series from literature classics have created a brilliant culture. The dream of the Red Mansion is a relatively successful example. However, still many are of poor quality.(32 words)I am in support of adapting literature classics into films or TV series. Firstly, art takes various forms, and so does the appreciation of classic literature. The digital and commercial age offers us different ways to admire the beauty of literature classics. Adapted versions, if true to the original works and well produced, are undoubtedly a cultural feast for either average viewers or faithful classic literature lovers. Additionally, sometimes when an adaptation turns into a hit, the audience may be driven to read the original work. Trapped in quick-paced life, we could barely spare time to sink into a sofa, reading peacefully. Film or TV adaptations, featuring vivid characters and an appealing plot, bring literature classics back to life.To conclude, literature classics are worth adaptation. (126 words)反对：Adaptations of films and TV series from literature classics have created a brilliant culture. The dream of the Red Mansion is a relatively successful example. However, still many are of poor quality.(32 words)Personally, literature classics should not be adapted into films or TV series. The value of classics lies in their very basic nature: the perfect employment of language and life philosophy between words. To cater to viewers’ taste and gain more profits, producers couldn’t avoid making changes to the original work. Thus, viewers might be misguided and get a wrong picture of the original story, let alone miss the opportunity to appreciate literature on their own. Moreover, with an increasing number of poorly-made adaptations, viewers, especially the young, tend to focus more on those good-looking performers, ignorant of the real culture hidden in the literature works.To conclude, literature classics are not supposed to be adapted into films or TV series. (120 words)书面表达评分建议一、评分原则1．本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。

2019届江苏省高考英语模拟试卷(4)(含答案)

2019届江苏省高考英语模拟试卷（4）英语试题(考试时间:120分钟,满分:120分)说明:请将第Ⅰ卷各题答案按要求填涂在答题卡上。

第I卷(三部分,共85分)第一部分:听力(共两节,满分20分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍1. What might the woman be good at?A. Looking after kidsB. Taking care of elderly peopleC. Helping people find jobs2. What's on the girl's notebook cover?A. FlowersB. A superstar.C. Cartoon animals.3. What is the man going to do first this afternoon?A. Finish his speech draft.B. Go to the woman’s clubC. Pick up his son from school.4. What are the speakers in a hurry to do?A. Buy a mapB. Attend a meetingC. Find Mr. Darwin5. Where will the speakers have a talk?A. In a park.B. In an officeC. In a cafe第二节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

江苏省南京市和盐城市2019届高三第一次模拟考试英语试卷(附解析)

南京市盐城市2019届高三年级第一次模拟考试英语试题本卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题），满分120分。

考试时间120分钟。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What does the man ask the woman to do?A.Park the car elsewhere.B.Drive along a quiet street.C.Stop here for a short while.2.What will the weather be like this weekend?A. Sunny.B. Snowy.C. Rainy.3. Which course does the man suggest the woman take?A. Physics.B. Biology.C. Chemistry.4. What is the man doing?A. Eating dessert.B. Reading a book.C. Taking out the rubbish.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Colleagues.B. Brother and sister.C. Teacher and student.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

2019届江苏省南京市和盐城市高三第一次模拟考试英语试卷(解析版)

南京市盐城市2019届高三年级第一次模拟考试英语试题本卷分为第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题），满分120分。

考试时间120分钟。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

2019届江苏南京高三零模学情调研英语试卷(解析版)

南京市 2019 届高三年级学情调研考试第一节单项填空（共 15 小题，每题 1 分，满分 15 分）2019.09.06请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A, B, C, D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

1._______a striking look with a sea of lavender flowers, Guli has become a famous attraction in Nanjing.A. WearingB. To wearC. To be wearingD. Having won【答案】A【解析】【详解】考查非谓语动词。

由题干可知，改题只需判断动作与谓语的先后关系：有着薰衣草花海的迷人风貌，谷里变成了南京著名的旅游景点。

由此可知，表述一般的情况，BC表示将来，D表示已经，只有A表示一般情况，故选A。

2.---What’s up, Kim? You look very excited!---Sorry, just a moment ago I ran into Tayor Swift so I was a bit .A. Given upB. have their hands upC. carried awayD. driven away【答案】C【解析】【详解】考查动词短语的辨析。

根据句意：刚刚我撞见了Tayor Swift（著名歌手），我有点激动（失去控制力）。

A. Given up放弃；B. have their hands up举起手来； C. carried away拿走，失去自制力；D. driven away赶走，离开。

故选C。

3.The Spanish National Football Team is such a superb one that they can .A. get their hands dirtyB. have their hands fullC. lay their hands on usD. beat us hands down【答案】D【解析】【详解】考查谚语辨析。

南京市2019届高三年级第二次模拟考试参考答案

【南京2019三模】江苏省南京市、盐城市2019届高三第三次调研考试(5月)英语(含答案)

南京、盐城2019届高三第三次模拟考试试卷英语2019.5本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。

满分120分，考试时间120分钟。

第Ⅰ卷(选择题共85分)第一部分：听力(共两节，满分20分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

()1. Which optional subject will the two speakers share?A. AI.B. PE.C. French.()2. What does the man probably do?A. A doctor.B. A conductor.C. A policeman.()3. How many copies will the woman make?A. 12.B. 15.C. 27.()4. How does the woman feel after the yoga class?A. Tired.B. Nervous.C. Refreshed.()5. Where does this conversation probably take place?A. At a store.B. At a hotel.C. At a hospital.第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

()6. What's the weather probably like today?A. Windy.B. Rainy.C. Sunny.()7. Which city does Mary plan to visit next year?A. London.B. Boston.C. Beijing.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

2019届05月06日南京三模英语试卷与评分标准与分析

南京市2019届高三年级三模考试第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节单项填空（共15小题，每题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A, B, C, D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

21. We live in this society now ______ literally someone is always helping.A. whenB. whereC. thatD. what22. The maple trees turn a brilliant red in autumn, adding another ______ to the colors in the harvest season.A. themeB. versionC. categoryD. dimension23. Patrick waited ______ all the luggage was cleared, but his never appeared.A. untilB. beforeC. whenD. while24. --- Look! Mary is crazily looking for something again!--- ______, she can’t find her keys.A. TypicallyB. OccasionallyC. AccordinglyD. Particularly25. Cambridge gave a positive answer ______ inquiries on whether it recognizes gaokao scores.A. in favor ofB. in response toC. in salute toD. in consequence of26. Wild animals in nature reserves need to develop their survival skills and ______ their wild nature.A. displayB. possessC. maintainD. monitor27. I’d never wondered before whether or not he was kid-friendly. With one glance, I quickly ______ that he probably wasn’t.A. agreedB. reportedC. explainedD. decided28. The same boiling water softens the potato and hardens the egg. It’s about ______ you’re made of, not the circumstances.A. thatB. whatC. howD. who29. --- Excuse me, do you mind if I open the window?--- Well, if you ______. I can put on more clothes.A. canB. mayC. mustD. shall30. With the number of homecoming overseas students______ up in recent years, the attraction of foreign degree holders has gradually faded.A. shotB. being shotC. shootingD. to shoot31. --- Have you heard that they are working around the clock to compete for the prize?--- Don’t worry. We are ready to ______ the challenge.A. build upB. take upC. stick toD. lead to32. --- Is there any chance of my being promoted?--- If you want a promotion, you’d better ______ rather than get your way.A. play the gameB. cross your fingersC. raise the red flagD. kill the fatted calf33. --- How could they misunderstand me like that?--- Just keep silent! It’s the best way to let them know they ______ you wrong.A. doB. didC. are doingD. had done34. Our team is world-class and it was no surprise that we won by such a ______ margin.A. lowB. highC. wideD. narrow35. --- I’ll take the blue one. This is twenty dollars.--- Here’s the change. ______.A. Best wishesB. My pleasureC. Have a nice dayD. Let’s call it a day第二节完型填空（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上讲该题涂黑。

【高考模拟】2019届江苏省南京市高三第一次模拟考试(1月) 英语(word版有答案)

2019届南京市高三年级第一次模拟考试英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does the man ask the woman to do?A. Park the car elsewhere.B. Drive along a quiet street.C. Stop here for a short while.2. What will the weather be like this weekend?A. Sunny.B. Snowy.C. Rainy.3. Which course does the man suggest the woman take?A. Physics.B. Biology.C. Chemistry.4. What is the man doing?A. Eating dessert.B. Reading a book.C. Taking out the rubbish.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Colleagues.B. Brother and sister.C. Teacher and student.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

江苏省南京市、盐城市2019届高三第二次调研考试英语附答案

江苏省南京市、盐城市2019届高三模拟考试试卷英语2019.5本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。

满分120分，考试时间120分钟。

第Ⅰ卷(选择题共85分)第一部分：听力(共两节，满分20分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

()6. What's the weather probably like today?A. Windy.B. Rainy.C. Sunny.()7. Which city does Mary plan to visit next year?A. London.B. Boston.C. Beijing.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

江苏省南京市2019届高三9月学情调研测试英语试题 Word版含答案

2019届江苏南京高三零模学情调研英语第I卷（选择题）一、单项选择1．_______a striking look with a sea of lavender flowers, Guli has become a famous attraction in Nanjing.A．Wearing B．To wearC．To be wearing D．Having won2．---What’s up, Kim? You look very excited!---Sorry, just a moment ago I ran into Tayor Swift so I was a bit .A．Given up B．have their hands upC．carried away D．driven away3．The Spanish National Football Team is such a superb one that they can .A．get their hands dirty B．have their hands fullC．lay their hands on us D．beat us hands down4．What a lucky dog! He’s just a starring role in Spielberg’s next movie.A．landed B．lostC．arranged D．accepted5．Some animal protectors are seen as being two-faced about animal welfare the way they treat domestic animals.A．in need of B．in view ofC．in search of D．in favour of6．The company needs to develop a culture people see that’s OK to take time off.A．that B．whenC．which D．where7．If we just focus on how we want the future to be, we may be to opportunities alongthe way.A．equal B．closeC．blind D．open8．You say you are innocent, but we have good reasons to think .A．twice B．overC．aloud D．otherwise9．The site in Beijing is an outstanding of the creative art of Chinese garden design.A．distinction B．expressionC．inspiration D．evaluation10．HMV’s rise started with the pop music revolutio n of the 1960s, when the company began its album sales in London.A．expanding B．exploringC．exporting D．expecting11．It is very encouraging to see Beijing 2022 is using its potential to maximize the use of existing stadiums.A．how B．whyC．when D．whether12．Mr. Wills, who was being helped up onto the platform to take the prize, looked as if he by lightning.A．was just struck B．were just struckC．would just be struck D．had just been struck13．After 40 years of reform and opening-up, China still has a long way to go it becomes a ―developed economy‖.A．until B．beforeC．after D．unless14．The founding of Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which widely recognized and praised, aims to build friendly international relations.A．.was B．wereC．has been D．had been15．---What a waste of time to watch such a boring match！--- . Why not switch the channel?A．It’s no big deal B．With your permissionC．My feelings exactly D．You’ve got to be kidding二、完形填空Wildflowers in a mountain meadow are a gift of nature. But what about those wildflowers blooming along busy___16___? Well, nature had a____17___.Claudia Alta ―Lady Bird‖ Johnson, the wife of our thirty-sixth President, Lyndon B．Johnson wanted ___18___to be a national priority.As a little girl growing up in ―deep east Texas,‖ wildflowers helped her get through___19___times. Her mother had died when she was five, and her father___20_____most of his time at the general store he owned. Her older brothers were away at school, ___21___ Lady Bird turned to nature for ___22___. ―Nature was my friend and my teacher,‖ she says. ―It was a joy to me, and it’s never____23____ me.‖After high school, Lady Bird left home for the University of Texas in Austin. ____24___ she found joy in nature—in the vast quantities of Texas bluebonnets（德克萨斯州羽扇豆）. It was there that Lady Bird met and fell in love with Lyndon B．Johnson. He proposed to her on their first ____25____.―The whole country ___26___ the President,‖ Lady Bird said, ―but only one man selects the First Lady—and it is highly____27___ that he was thinking of her as First Lady when he proposed!‖When she got to know the ___28____ disappearance of ―America the Beautiful‖ due to land development and pollution, Lady Bird ____29____ the President to propose a Highway Beautification Act that allocated money to ____30___roadsides. The act was passed in 1965.Lady Bird ___31____ that many wildflowers, like people, were immigrants. ―They ____32____ the nation on the wheels of covered wagons, perhaps ___33___ in the pockets of children.‖Lady Bird is certainly our First Lady of___34___. She has made us see that highways can be beautiful.She is the reason why wildflowers now____35____our travels through almost every state.16．A．streets B．highways C．roads D．lanes17．A．helper B．discoverer C．creator D．protector18．A．liberty B．traffic C．justice D．beauty19．A．lonely B．exciting C．happy D．disappointed 20．A．wasted B．spent C．found D．killed21．A．so B．but C．or D．for22．A．aid B．company C．rescue D．happiness 23．A．ignored B．scared C．troubled D．failed24．A．Absolutely B．Naturally C．AgainD．Often25．A．date B．try C．voteD．appearance26．A．shapes B．serves C．selectsD．supports27．A．unlikely B．unnecessary C．unusualD．uncertain28．A．sudden B．complete C．gradual D．final 29．A．warned B．persuade C．forcedD．ordered30．A．lengthen B．widen C．monitorD．landscape31．A．let out B．found out C．pointed out D．figured out32．A．visited B．left C．passedD．crossed33．A．then B．even C．yet D．still 34．A．wildflowers B．wagons C．roadsidesD．travels35．A．decide B．guide C．brightenD．shorten三、阅读理解A36．According to the passage, which of the following is TERE?A．Those Americans who live above the poverty line won’t go hungry. B．13 million American children are food insecure for lack of transportation. C．Among all the states in the USA, food insecurity in Mississippi is severest. D．Neighborhood banks have no additional requirements for food packaging. 37．What is the author’s purpose in w riting the passage?A．To warn readers against dangers of insecure food.B．To urge readers to help the poor out of poverty.C．To inform readers of the severe food shortage in America.D．To advocate readers contributing to food relief in America.BSo ca lled ―sin taxes‖ on sugary drinks, alcohol and tobacco not only work, but will help rather than improperly punish the poor, according to a major new international analysis.Just a day before the UK brings in a levy on sugary drinks, experts are urging every country in the world to use taxes to keep people from the eating, drinking and smoking habits that will damage their health. The experts analyzed the effects of taxes on sugary drinks, tabacco and alcohol in countries that have introduced them and found that the criticism that they are punishing the poorest in unfounded.Experts did a survey. They looked at 13 countries: Chile, Guatemala, Panama, Nicaragua, Albania, Poland, Turkey, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Niger, Nigeria, India and Timor-Leste. They found that wealthier families generally spend more on alcohol, soft drinks and snacks. In India, for instance, wealthier households spent seven times more on alcohol and three times more on soft drinks and snacks compared to poorer households. So those households end up paying a larger proportion of any tax.On the other hand, taxes have a greater impact on the smaller household budgets of poorer families. They respond by buying less, with greater benefits for their health. In the UK, say the authors, the response to the possible introduction of a minimum price for alcohol was estimated to be 7.6 times larger in the poorest households, compared with the wealthiest.In Mexico, the introduction of a sugary drinks tax resulted in an average of 4.2 litres less of soft drinks purchased per person, with a 17% decrease in purchases among lower income groups and almost no change in higher income groups. In Lebanon, they say, a 50% increase in the price of cigarettes would lead to twice as many people quitting smoking in poorer households as wealthy families.―The evidence suggests that concerns about higher taxes on tobacco, alcohol, and soft drinks harming the poor are overstated,‖ said Dr. Rachel Nugent from RTI International in Seattle, USA, and chair of the Lancet Taskforce on NCDs and economics.―Some degree of taxation on tobacco is common in many countries, and while we are starting to see progress on alcohol taxes, there is much more governments should be doing – inboth high and low income countries –to consider the careful introduction of taxes on other unhealthy products like soft drinks and snacks. Price policies such as taxes will be a key part of the response to rising rates of non-communicablediseases(慢性非传染病).‖The UK sugar tax is a levy on the manufacturers of 18p per litre for drinks containing 5g of sugar per 100ml and 24p on those with 8g per 100ml.Many companies have reformulated their products, often swapping artificial sweeteners for sugar. Some –like Coca-Cola –have decided to stick to the original recipe and the price will rise, although the bottles and cans will shrink to reduce the impact.38．What do we know about the ―sin taxes‖?A．They receive warm welcome in developing countries.B．They help people get rid of unhealthy lifestyles.C．They have the same effects on the poor and rich.D．They have a deeper influence on groups with high income.39．Which of the following is TRUE about the responses to ―sin taxes‖?A．The public have turned a deaf ear to it.B．The government has introduced taxes on snacks.C．Many companies have raised the price of their products.D．Coca-Cola will use smaller packages to counter the impacts.40．The author support his ideas in the passage by .A．giving examplesB．telling storiesC．analyzing causes and effectsD．reasoning and concludingCI’d be lying if I said a dog-like robot opening a door for another dog-like robot doesn’t creep me out. A full discussion of robot dogs is for another day, but for now, researchersstudying the cognition（认知）and welfare of real dogs have a less threatening view of dogs and technology, particularly when touchscreens are involved.Like you, animals can learn to interact with the content displayed on touchscreens, and their touch reveals something about their choice, which in turn reveals something about their mind. Animals both on and off land can be trained to use touchscreens — from chimpanzees to dogs, cats, and even dolphins, among others. Touchscreen studies have explored how and what dogs categorize, their ability to learn byexclusion（排除）, and how they discriminate between different images. An added bonus is that, once a dog has mastered the touchscreen, humans can remove themselves from the study and can’t unconsciously give signals to the dog.Researchers are now posing a new set of questions: are touchscreens beneficial to the user? Can touchscreens exercise the dog’s mind, in addition to serving as a window into it?No better place to start than with older pet dogs, a group facing a unique set of challenges. Aging dogs can have reduced physical activity compared to their younger counterparts. Less attention is often given to their learning, training and other mental activities; after all, who hasn’t heard the wrong proverb, ―You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.‖ But dog minds are not meant to be inactive. Instead, ―studies point to the fact that aging seems to be slowed by mental and physical stimulation, and thus stopping these activities might actually lead to faster aging in dogs.‖Lisa Wallis and colleagues at the Senior Family Dog Project at ELTE University in Budapest are exploring the effects of touchscreens on dog physiological, behavioral, and cognitive well-being.Their recent conference paper gives us a look at how dogs learn to use the touchscreen and the direction of future research. Over the course of a number of sessions, dogs learned that when they nose-touch a particular image on the screen, a food treat pops out. At first, only a single image appears on the screen. Once the dogs reliably learn to nose-touch the image, they move on to discrimination training where two images appear together and only one image is―correct.‖ Only two out of one hundred thirty dogs were unable to grasp the task, and three displayed frustration suggesting touchscreens are within the capacity of the majority of senior dogs.Wallis and colleagues will continue investigating long-term effects of touchscreen use, but it seems promising. ―The positive association to the touchscreen is so strong that on several occasions when the dog was alone (the trainer had stepped out to answer the phone), and the feeder failed, dogs continued to work on the touchscreen with no reward until the end of the session.‖ Owners, even those initially skeptical, were impressed by the strategies their dogs used. They also observed that dogs slept soundly upon returning home from touchscreen sessions, highlighting that mental activity can have some of the same effects as physical exercise.Further studies will explore the effects of long-term touchscreen use on dog personality, activity levels, measures of well-being, and influence on the dog-human bond. Stay tuned.41．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A．Animals can decide the content shown on touchscreens.B．Animals naturally have the ability to use touchscreens.C．People can discriminate between dogs’ abilities by exclusion.D．People can tell dogs’ needs through their touch on the screen.42．By using the proverb in paragraph 4, the author intends to stress .A．aging dogs are too old to learn new skillB．aging dogs experience a decline in energyC．training younger dogs is more productiveD．training aging dogs is possible and beneficial43．What is revealed by the research conducted by Lisa Wallis?A．The dogs master the touchscreen use step by step.B．Rewards are a must for dogs to finish the sessionC．The dogs regard nose-touch as a form of physical exercise.D．It remains to be seen whether it has a positive effect on dogs.44．What does the passage mainly talk about?A．How robot dogs have threatened the world.B．How people establish better dog-human bonds.C．How touchscreens can be employed to train dogs.D．How long-held myths about dogs mislead people.D①One by one, prejudices are disappearing in the West. People may harbour private suspicions that other people’s race or sex makes them inferior—but to say so openly is totally taboo. One old prejudice remains respectable, though. Just ask a childless person.②They are not charged to special taxes, as they were in Soviet Russia; nor are they driven from their homes, as they still are in some poor countries. The childless nonetheless come in for a lot of criticism. Some point out that non-parents are failing to produce the future workers who will pay for their pensions. Childless politicians are charged with not having a proper stake（利害关系）in society. ―He talks to us about the future, but he doesn’t have children!‖ complained Jean-Marie Le Pen, co-founder of the National Front party, of Emmanuel Macron, who went on to win the French presidency. Similar attacks on Theresa May and Angela Merkel also failed—but researchers find that many voters quietly agree.③The charges against the childless should be thrown out, along with other social prejudice. In many rich countries, between 15% and 20% of women, and a slightly higher proportion of men, will not have children. The share is rising. Some have medical problems; others do not meet the right person in time; still others decide they do not want them. Whatever the cause, the attacks on the childless are baseless.④If non-breeders are selfish, they have a strange way of showing it. They are more likely to set up charitable foundations than people with children, and much more likely to donate money to good causes. According to one American estimate, the mere fact of not having children raises the amount a person leaves to charity by a little over $10,000. The childless arethus a small but useful counterweight to the world’s parents, who stop social immobility by passing on their social and economic advantages to their children.⑤The fact that so many senior politicians lack offspring（子孙）ought to put to rest the idea that they do not care for society. Five of the G7 countries are led by childless men and women. Mr. Macron, Mrs. May, Mrs. Merkel, Shinzo Abe and Paolo Gentiloni have their faults, but they are not notably less able than Justin Trudeau (who has three children) let alone Donald Trump (who has five). Their opportunities for nepotism（裙带关系）are limited. And they spare their countries dynastic politics.⑥The charge that childless people fail to pull their weight in population is correct, but is less serious than it appears. Those who do not have children do put pressure on public pension systems. Governments have to do unpopular things like making pensions less generous, as Japan has done, or accepting more immigrants, as some Western countries have done. But to sustain （维持）public pensions in the long term, countries do not actually need more parents. What they need instead is more babies. It is possible to combine a high rate of childlessness with a high birth rate, provided people who become parents have more than one or two children. That was the pattern in many Western countries a century ago. Ireland, yet another country with a childless leader, still manages it today.⑦The childless also do everyone else a favour by creating wonderful works of art. British novelists have been especially likely to have no offspring: think of Hilary Mantel, P.G. Wodehouse and the Brontësisters. In September last year Britain put Jane Austen on its ten-pound note. That decision has was controversial, though it was hard to see why. Few people have written as shrewdly（出神入化）about money or about families—even though Austen did not marry, and had no children.45．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?A．The childless often get punished in society.B．The childless often come under sharp criticism.C．Most successful politicians have no childrenD．Childlessness affects the result of an election.46．The childless are prejudiced because people think the childless .A．have a strange way to show selfishnessB．set a bad example for young peopleC．are not as able as those with childrenD．are the government’s financial burden47．What does the underlined word ―it‖ in Paragraph 6 refer to?A．Accepting more immigrants.B．Reducing the pensions for the aged.C．Encouraging parents to have more children.D．Supporting the political leaders with no children.48．What is the author’s attitude towards the childless?A．Understanding B．SkepticalC．Disappointed D．Reserved49．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (①to⑦represent Paragraphs 1 to 7)A．B．C．D．50．What is the best title for the passage?A．In defence of the childlessB．In hope of having a child or notC．Reasons for not having childrenD．Measures to address aging problems第II卷（非选择题）四、任务型阅读请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

江苏省南京市2019届高三英语9月学情调研测试试题

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第I卷（选择题）一、单项选择1．_______a striking look with a sea of lavender flowers, Guli has becomea famous attraction in Nanjing.A． Wearing B． To wearC． To be wearing D． Having won2．---What’s up, Kim? You look very excited!---Sorry, just a moment ago I ran into Tayor Swift so I was a bit .A． Given up B． have their hands upC． carried away D． driven away3．The Spanish National Football Team is such a superb one that they can .A． get their hands dirty B． have their hands fullC． lay their hands on us D． beat us hands down4．What a lucky dog! He’s just a starring role in Spielberg’s next movie.A． landed B． lostC． arranged D． accepted5．Some animal protectors are seen as being two-faced about animal welfare the way they treat domestic animals.A． in need of B． in view ofC． in search of D． in favour of6．The company needs to develop a culture people see that’s OK to taketime off.A． that B． whenC． which D． where7．If we just focus on how we want the future to be, we may be to opportunities along the way.A． equal B． closeC． blind D． open8．You say you are innocent, but we have good reasons to think .A． twice B． overC． aloud D． otherwise9．The site in Beijing is an outstanding of the creative art of Chinese garden design.A． distinction B． expressionC． inspiration D． evaluation10．HMV’s rise started with the pop music revolution of the 1960s, when the company began its album sales in London.A． expanding B． exploringC． exporting D． expecting11．It is very encouraging to see Beijing 2022 is using its potential to maximize the use of existing stadiums.A． how B． whyC． when D． whether12．Mr. Wills, who was being helped up onto the platform to take the prize, looked as if he by lightning.A． was just struck B． were just struckC． would just be struck D． had just been struck13．After 40 years of reform and opening-up, China still has a long way to go it becomes a “developed economy”.A． until B． beforeC． after D． unless14．The founding of Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which widely recognized and praised, aims to build friendly international relations.A． .was B． wereC． has been D． had been15．---What a waste of time to watch such a boring match！--- . Why not switch the channel?A． It’s no big deal B． With your permissionC． My feelings exactly D． You’ve got to be kidding二、完形填空Wildflowers in a mountain meadow are a gift of nature. But what about those wildflowers blooming along busy___16___? Well, nature had a____17___.Claudia Alta “Lady Bird” Johnson, the wife of our thirty-sixth President, Lyndon B． Johnson wanted ___18___to be a national priority.As a little girl growing up in “deep east Texas,” wildflowers helped her get through___19___times. Her mother had died when she was five, and her father___20_____most of his time at the general store he owned. Her older brothers were away at school, ___21___ Lady Bird turned to nature for ___22___. “Nature was my friend and my teacher,” she says. “It was a joy to me, and it’s never____23____ me.”After high school, Lady Bird left home for the University of Texas in Austin. ____24___ she found joy in nature—in the vast quantities of Texas bluebonnets （德克萨斯州羽扇豆）. It was there that Lady Bird met and fell in love with Lyndon B． Johnson. He proposed to her on their first ____25____.“The whole country ___26___ the President,” Lady Bird said, “but only one man selects the First Lady—and it is highly____27___ that he was thinking of her as First Lady when he proposed!”When she got to know the ___28____ disappearance of “America the Beautiful” due to land development and pollution, Lady Bird ____29____ the President to propose a Highway Beautification Act that allocated money to ____30___roadsides. The act was passed in 1965.Lady Bird ___31____ that many wildflowers, like people, were immigrants. “They ____32____ the nation on the wheels of covered wagons, perhaps ___33___in the pockets of children.”Lady Bird is certainly our First Lady of___34___. She has made us see that highways can be beautiful.She is the reason why wildflowers now____35____our travels through almost every state.16．A． streets B． highways C． roads D． lanes17．A． helper B． discoverer C． creator D． protector18．A． liberty B． traffic C． justice D． beauty19．A．lonely B．exciting C．happy D． disappointed20．A． wasted B． spent C． found D． killed21．A． so B． but C． or D． for22．A． aid B． company C． rescue D． happiness23．A． ignored B． scared C． troubled D． failed24．A．Absolutely B．Naturally C．AgainD． Often25．A．date B．try C．voteD． appearance26．A．shapes B．serves C．selectsD． supports27．A．unlikely B．unnecessary C．unusualD． uncertain28．A．sudden B．complete C．gradualD． final29．A．warned B．persuade C．forcedD． ordered30．A．lengthen B．widen C．monitorD． landscape31．A．let out B．found out C．pointed out D． figured out32．A．visited B．left C．passedD． crossed33．A．then B．even C．yetD． still34．A．wildflowers B．wagons C．roadsidesD． travels35．A．decide B．guide C．brightenD． shorten三、阅读理解A36．According to the passage, which of the following is TERE?A． Those Americans who live above the poverty line won’t go hungry.B．13 million American children are food insecure for lack of transportation.C． Among all the states in the USA, food insecurity in Mississippi is severest.D． Neighborhood banks have no additional requirements for food packaging.37．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A． To warn readers against dangers of insecure food.B． To urge readers to help the poor out of poverty.C． To inform readers of the severe food shortage in America.D． To advocate readers contributing to food relief in America.BSo called “sin taxes” on sugary drinks, alcohol and tobacco not only work,but will help rather than improperly punish the poor, according to a major new international analysis.Just a day before the UK brings in a levy on sugary drinks, experts are urging every country in the world to use taxes to keep people from the eating, drinking and smoking habits that will damage their health. The experts analyzed the effects of taxes on sugary drinks, tabacco and alcohol in countries that have introduced them and found that the criticism that they are punishing the poorest in unfounded.Experts did a survey. They looked at 13 countries: Chile, Guatemala, Panama, Nicaragua, Albania, Poland, Turkey, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Niger, Nigeria, India and Timor-Leste. They found that wealthier families generally spend more on alcohol, soft drinks and snacks. In India, for instance, wealthier households spent seven times more on alcohol and three times more on soft drinks and snacks compared to poorer households. So those households end up paying a larger proportion of any tax.On the other hand, taxes have a greater impact on the smaller household budgets of poorer families. They respond by buying less, with greater benefits for their health. In the UK, say the authors, the response to the possible introduction of a minimum price for alcohol was estimated to be 7.6 times larger in the poorest households, compared with the wealthiest.In Mexico, the introduction of a sugary drinks tax resulted in an average of 4.2 litres less of soft drinks purchased per person, with a 17% decrease in purchases among lower income groups and almost no change in higher income groups. In Lebanon, they say, a 50% increase in the price of cigarettes would lead to twice as many people quitting smoking in poorer households as wealthy families.“The evidence suggests that concerns about higher taxes on tobacco, alcohol, and soft drinks harming the poor are overstated,” said Dr. Rachel Nugent from RTI International in Seattle, USA, and chair of the Lancet Taskforce on NCDs and economics.“Some degree of taxation on tobacco is common in many countries, and whilewe are starting to see progress on alcohol taxes, there is much more governments should be doing – in both high and low income countries – to consider the careful introduction of taxes on other unhealthy products like soft drinks and snacks. Price policies such as taxes will be a key part of the response to rising rates of non-communicablediseases(慢性非传染病).”The UK sugar tax is a levy on the manufacturers of 18p per litre for drinks containing 5g of sugar per 100ml and 24p on those with 8g per 100ml.Many companies have reformulated their products, often swapping artificial sweeteners for sugar. Some – like Coca-Cola – have decided to stick to the original recipe and the price will rise, although the bottles and cans will shrink to reduce the impact.38．What do we know about the “sin taxes”?A． They receive warm welcome in developing countries.B． They help people get rid of unhealthy lifestyles.C． They have the same effects on the poor and rich.D． They have a deeper influence on groups with high income.39．Which of the following is TRUE about the responses to “sin taxes”?A． The public have turned a deaf ear to it.B． The government has introduced taxes on snacks.C． Many companies have raised the price of their products.D． Coca-Cola will use smaller packages to counter the impacts.40．The author support his ideas in the passage by .A． giving examplesB． telling storiesC． analyzing causes and effectsD． reasoning and concludingCI’d be lying if I said a dog-like robot opening a door for another dog-like robot doesn’t creep me out. A full discussion of robot dogs is for another day, but for now, researchers studying the cognition（认知）and welfare of real dogshave a less threatening view of dogs and technology, particularly when touchscreens are involved.Like you, animals can learn to interact with the content displayed on touchscreens, and their touch reveals something about their choice, which in turn reveals something about their mind. Animals both on and off land can be trained to use touchscreens — from chimpanzees to dogs, cats, and even dolphins, among others. Touchscreen studies have explored how and what dogs categorize, their ability to learn byexclusion（排除）, and how they discriminate between different images. An added bonus is that, once a dog has mastered the touchscreen, humans can remove themselves from the study and can’t unconsciously give signals to the dog.Researchers are now posing a new set of questions: are touchscreens beneficial to the user? Can touchscreens exercise the dog’s mind, in addition to serving as a window into it?No better place to start than with older pet dogs, a group facing a unique set of challenges. Aging dogs can have reduced physical activity compared to their younger counterparts. Less attention is often given to their learning, training and other mental activities; after all, who hasn’t heard the wrong proverb, “You can’t teach an old dog new tricks.” But dog minds are not meant to be inactive. Instead, “studies point to the fact that aging seems to be slowed by mental and physical stimulation, and thus stopping these activities might actually lead to faster aging in dogs.”Lisa Wallis and colleagues at the Senior Family Dog Project at ELTE University in Budapest are exploring the effects of touchscreens on dog physiological, behavioral, and cognitive well-being.Their recent conference paper gives us a look at how dogs learn to use the touchscreen and the direction of future research. Over the course of a number of sessions, dogs learned that when they nose-touch a particular image on the screen, a food treat pops out. At first, only a single image appears on the screen. Once the dogs reliably learn to nose-touch the image, they move on todiscrimination training where two images appear together and only one image is “correct.” Only two out of one hundred thirty dogs were unable to grasp the task, and three displayed frustration suggesting touchscreens are within the capacity of the majority of senior dogs.Wallis and colleagues will continue investigating long-term effects of touchscreen use, but it seems promising. “The positive association to the touchscreen is so strong that on several occasions when the dog was alone (the trainer had stepped out to answer the phone), and the feeder failed, dogs continued to work on the touchscreen with no reward until the end of the session.” Owners, even those initially skeptical, were impressed by the strategies their dogs used. They also observed that dogs slept soundly upon returning home from touchscreen sessions, highlighting that mental activity can have some of the same effects as physical exercise.Further studies will explore the effects of long-term touchscreen use on dog personality, activity levels, measures of well-being, and influence on the dog-human bond. Stay tuned.41．What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?A． Animals can decide the content shown on touchscreens.B． Animals naturally have the ability to use touchscreens.C． People can discriminate between dogs’ abilities by exclusion.D． People can tell dogs’ needs through their touch on the screen.42．By using the proverb in paragraph 4, the author intends to stress .A． aging dogs are too old to learn new skillB． aging dogs experience a decline in energyC． training younger dogs is more productiveD． training aging dogs is possible and beneficial43．What is revealed by the research conducted by Lisa Wallis?A． The dogs master the touchscreen use step by step.B． Rewards are a must for dogs to finish the sessionC． The dogs regard nose-touch as a form of physical exercise.D． It remains to be seen whether it has a positive effect on dogs.44．What does the passage mainly talk about?A． How robot dogs have threatened the world.B． How people establish better dog-human bonds.C． How touchscreens can be employed to train dogs.D． How long-held myths about dogs mislead people.D①One by one, prejudices are disappearing in the West. People may harbour private suspicions that other people’s race or sex makes them inferior—but to say so openly is totally taboo. One old prejudice remains respectable, though. Just ask a childless person.②They are not charged to special taxes, as they were in Soviet Russia; nor are they driven from their homes, as they still are in some poor countries. The childless nonetheless come in for a lot of criticism. Some point out that non-parents are failing to produce the future workers who will pay for their pensions. Childless politicians are charged with not having a proper stake（利害关系）in society. “He talks to us about the future, but he doesn’t have children!” complained Jean-Marie Le Pen, co-founder of the National Front party, of Emmanuel Macron, who went on to win the French presidency. Similar attacks on Theresa May and Angela Merkel also failed—but researchers find that many voters quietly agree.③The charges against the childless should be thrown out, along with other social prejudice. In many rich countries, between 15% and 20% of women, and a slightly higher proportion of men, will not have children. The share is rising. Some have medical problems; others do not meet the right person in time; still others decide they do not want them. Whatever the cause, the attacks on the childless are baseless.④If non-breeders are selfish, they have a strange way of showing it. They are more likely to set up charitable foundations than people with children, and much more likely to donate money to good causes. According to one Americanestimate, the mere fact of not having children raises the amount a person leaves to charity by a little over $10,000. The childless are thus a small but useful counterweight to the world’s parents, who stop social immobility by passing on their social and economic advantages to their children.⑤The fact that so many senior politicians lack offspring（子孙）ought to put to rest the idea that they do not care for society. Five of the G7 countries are led by childless men and women. Mr. Macron, Mrs. May, Mrs. Merkel, Shinzo Abe and Paolo Gentiloni have their faults, but they are not notably less able than Justin Trudeau (who has three children) let alone Donald Trump (who has five). Their opportunities for nepotism（裙带关系）are limited. And they spare their countries dynastic politics.⑥The charge that childless people fail to pull their weight in population is correct, but is less serious than it appears. Those who do not have children do put pressure on public pension systems. Governments have to do unpopular things like making pensions less generous, as Japan has done, or accepting more immigrants, as some Western countries have done. But to sustain （维持）public pensions in the long term, countries do not actually need more parents. What they need instead is more babies. It is possible to combine a high rate of childlessness with a high birth rate, provided people who become parents have more than one or two children. That was the pattern in many Western countries a century ago. Ireland, yet another country with a childless leader, still manages it today.⑦The childless also do everyone else a favour by creating wonderful works of art. British novelists have been especially likely to have no offspring: think of Hilary Mantel, P.G. Wodehouse and the Brontë sisters. In September last year Britain put Jane Austen on its ten-pound note. That decision has was controversial, though it was hard to see why. Few people have written as shrewdly（出神入化）about money or about families—even though Austen did not marry, and had no children.45．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2?A． The childless often get punished in society.B． The childless often come under sharp criticism.C． Most successful politicians have no childrenD． Childlessness affects the result of an election.46．The childless are prejudiced because people think the childless .A． have a strange way to show selfishnessB． set a bad example for young peopleC． are not as able as those with childrenD． are the government’s financial burden47．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to?A． Accepting more immigrants.B． Reducing the pensions for the aged.C． Encouraging parents to have more children.D． Supporting the political leaders with no children.48．What is the author’s attitude towards the childless?A． Understanding B． SkepticalC． Disappointed D． Reserved49．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? (①to⑦represent Paragraphs 1 to 7)A．B．C．D．50．What is the best title for the passage?A． In defence of the childlessB． In hope of having a child or notC． Reasons for not having childrenD． Measures to address aging problems第II卷（非选择题）四、任务型阅读请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

2019届江苏南京高三零模学情调研英语试卷

2019届江苏南京高三零模学情调研英语试卷南京市2019 届高三年级学情调研考试2018.09.06第一节单项填空（共15 小题，每题1分，满分15 分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A, B, C, D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。

21. a striking look with a sea of lavender flowers, Guli has become a famous attraction in Nanjing.A.WearingB. To wearC. To be wearingD. Having won22.---What’s up, Kim? You look very excited!---Sorry, just a moment ago I ran into Tayor Swift so I was a bit .A.Given upB. have their hands upC. carried awayD. driven away23.The Spanish National Football Team is such a superbone that they can .A.get their hands dirtyB. have their hands fullC. lay their hands on usD. beat us hands down24.What a lucky dog! He’s just a starring role inSpielberg’s next movie.ndedB. lostC. arrangedD. accepted25.Some animal protectors are seen as beingtwo-faced about animal welfare the way they treat domestic animals.A.i n need ofB. in view ofC. in search ofD. in favour of26.The company needs to develop a culture people seethat’s OK to take time off.A.thatB. whenC. whichD. where27.If we just focus on how we want the future to be, wemay be to opportunitiesalong the way.A.equalB. closeC. blindD. open28.You say you are innocent, but we have good reasonsto think .A.twiceB. overC. aloudD.otherwise29.The site in Beijing is anoutstanding of the creative art of Chinesegarden design.A. distinctionB. expressionC. inspirationD.evaluation30.HMV’s rise started with the pop music revolutionof the 1960s, when the company beganits album sales in London.A.expandingB. exploringC. exportingD. expecting31.It is very encouraging to see Beijing 2022 is usingits potential to maximize the use of existing stadiums.A.howB. whyC. whenD. whether32.Mr. Wills, who was being helped up onto the platform to take the prize, looked as if heby lightning.A.was just struckB. were just struckC. would just be struckD. had just been struck33.After 40 years of reform and opening-up, China still has a long way to go itbecomes a“developed economy”.A.untilB. beforeC. afterD. unless34.The founding of Shanghai Cooperation Organization, which widelyrecognized and praised,aims to build friendlyinternational relations.A.wasB. wereC. has beenD. had been35.---What a waste of time to watch such a boringmatch！--- . Why not switch the channel?A.It’s no big dealB. With your permissionC. My feelings exactlyD. You’ve got to be kidding第二节完型填空（共20 小题，每小题1分，满分20 分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上讲该题涂黑。