剑桥少儿英语二级重点汇总
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七、天气
• What's the weather like today?
It's sunny / rainy / cloudy / windy / snowy. There is a rainbow.
八、疾病
• What's the matter with you?
• I've got a headache / toothache / stomachache / cold / cough. • I've got an earache. • I'm running a temperature.
二、名词
• 名词分可数名词和不可数名词2种。 • 1. 可数名词 是一个物体的名称。有单、复数的变化。 单数的名词前可用冠词:a\an. 复数的名词词尾要发生变化加 s 或 es.
名词变复数规则
• 1. 直接+s。 eg. apples, bananas, desks, trees • 2.以s,x,ch,sh和部分o结尾的,加es。 eg. buses, boxes, peaches, dishes • 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,把y变为i加es eg. baby---babies, party---parties • 4.以f或fe结尾的,把f或fe变为v加es eg. knife---knives, shelf---shelves 5. 不规则变化
• 2. 不可数名词 不可数名词则没有复数形式,但可用一 些容器表示不可数名词的量。 例:一杯茶 a cup of tea 一杯奶 a glass of milk 一瓶水/果汁 a bottle of water / juice 一碗汤 a bowl of soup
三、数词
基数词:表示数目 How many...?
动词的过去式和过去分词
• 就过去式和过去分词而言,动词分为规则动词和不规 则动词;不规则动词的变化无规律可循,规则动词有 以下变化规则: • 1. 直接加ed eg. looked, played, visited • 2.以e结尾的加d eg. tasted • 3.辅元辅,重读闭音节结构结尾的词,双写词尾加ed eg. hopped, stopped • 4.以辅音字母加y 结尾的,把y变为i加ed eg. study---studied
五、形容词
• 用来描述人或物
作定语:名词前
形容词
作表语:系动词后
例:It is a lovely cat. The cat is lovely.
还能记起以前学过的形容词吗?
形容词的比较级、最高级
• 两者比较用比较级(-er); • 三者或三者以上比较用最高级(-est),前面要加the • • • • • • 比较级/最高级的变化规则: 1. 直接+er/est; 2.以e结尾的,+r/st; 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,把y变i,+er/est; 4.辅元辅重读闭音节结构结尾的词,双写词尾+er/est 5.多音节词前加more/most
动词现在分词的变化规则
• 1.直接加ing eg. eating, playing, waching, doing • 2.以不发音的e结尾的,去e加ing eg. have---having, ride---riding, write---writing • 3.辅元辅重读闭音节结构结尾的,双写词尾加 ing eg. running, swimming, hopping • 4.以ie结尾的,把ie变为y加ing eg. lie---lying, die---dying
十二、时态
现在进行时态公式: 主语+be动词+动词+ing(现在分词)+其它 一般现在时态公式: 主语+动词原形\动词三单+其它 过去时态的公式: 主语+动词过去式+其它 现在完成时态的公式: 主语+have\has+过去分词+其它
一般过去时VS.现在完成时 现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别: 过去时态强调是时间的概念; 而现在完成时态则强调过去的与现在的联系。 eg. I cleaned my room yesterday. 我昨天打扫了房间。 eg. I have cleaned my room. 我刚刚打扫过房间。
九、动词词组
What can you do in the city? What can you do in the country? • visit a zoo • play sports games • go to the park • see the film • visit friends • meet lots of people • go to the market
十一、句型问答
1. What do you like to do ? What do you like doing ? What doe she like to do ? What does he like doing? 2. Who is she? Who is he? Who is the boy? Who is the girl? Who is the man? 3. Is your friend a boy or a girl? Is your friend tall or shot? Is your friend Chinese or English?
a [æ ]
e[e]
i[ɪ] o[ɒ] u[ʌ]
开音节
• 开音节,指元音字母不会被辅音字母截住能够自由发音。 开音节的结构: 绝对开音节 单个元音字母 辅 元 辅组 元
相对开音节
元 辅 e 辅 元 辅 e 辅组 元 辅 e
• 闭音节中,元音字母的发音:
a [eɪ]
e[i:]
i[aɪ] o[əu] u[ju:]
浊辅音:[ð] [b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [ʒ] [dʒ] [dr]
[dz] [r] [w] [ j ] [ l ] [m] [n] [ɳ]
半元音 [ju:]
闭音节
• 闭音节,指元音字母被辅音字母或辅音字母组合截住(关闭起 来)而不能自由发音。 闭音节的结构: 元 辅 元 辅组 辅 元 辅 辅 元 辅组 辅组 元 辅 辅组 元 辅组 • 闭音节中,元音字母的发音:
剑桥二级重点汇总
一、音标
单元音:[i:] [a:] [ɔ:] [u:] [ɜ:] [e]
元音
[ɪ] [ʌ] [ɒ] [ʊ] [ə] [æ]
双元音:[eɪ] [aɪ] [əu] [ɔɪ] [au] [ɪə] [ʊə] [e
音标
清辅音:[θ] [p] [t] [k] [f] [s]
辅音
[dz]
[ʃ] [tʃ] [tr] [ts] [h]
数词
序数词:表示顺序,词前一定要加the
序数词怎样得来? 与基数词有怎样的关系? 特有的字母符号是什么?-th[θ]
基数词变序数词规则的Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu口诀
• • • • •
基变序有规律,结尾要加th。 一二三特殊记,结尾字母t,d,d。 8去t,9去e,ve要用f替。 整十若是变序数,ty变成tie。 若是遇到几十几,只变个位就可以。
•
• • • • • • • •
played in the park climbed the Great wall went to the zoo rode a horse shopped in the park saw a film bought some toys swam in the lake visited Tian’ anmen
它
我们 你们 他们
it
we you they
it
us you them
its
our your their
its
ours yours theirs
exercises
1. ______can play football. (I / me) 2.He often helps ________ . (I / me) 3.This is ________ book. (my / mine) 4.This book is _______. (your / yours) 5.My dress is red, ______ is blue. (her / hers) • 6. ______ is my best friend. (She / Hers) • • • • •
9. Which place would you like to go ? I’d like to go to Kangaroo Island. 10. How about going to Taishan? How about having a cup of tea? How about going swiming? 11. Where 's the book ? Where are the books ? 12. What are doing ? What is he doing? What are they doing?
4. Are you Bob \ Tom...? Is he Bob \ Tom...? 5. Is this book yours ? \ Is this your book? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t mine. 6. Where do you often draw picture\swim\watch TV\learn English? 7. Can I ask you a question? May I come in ? 8. When do you come to school ? When do you gome home?
.
• • • • •
go to the library have a picnic smell the flowers see farm animals go fishing breathe clean air
十、动词过去式词组
Where did you go on the holiday\yesterday\last year\this morning…….?
四、动词
• • • • • • 在不同的时态下,动词有5种形式: 原形 第三人称单数 过去式 过去分词 现在分词
变化后的发音如何?
动词第三人称单数的变化规则
• 1. 直接+s。 eg. takes, looks, plays • 2.以s,x,ch,sh和o结尾的,加es。 eg. goes, fixes, watches, washes • 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,把y变为i加es eg. carry---carries, hurry---hurries
现在完成时的标志词有:already,ever,just ,yet
十三、不规则动词的分类
A--------B------B have----had----had sleep----slept----slept spell----spelt----spelt think---thought---thought stand-- -stood----stood buy---bought---bought catch---caught---caught find---found---found learn---learnt---learnt mean---meant---meant say---said---aid sit----sat----sat A-----A----A hit---hit---hit run---ran---run put---put---put
动词发生语法变化后的发音
三单变化时根据规 则所加的 s / es(及 其他) 在以清辅音发音结 尾的词后 在以浊辅音或元音 发音结尾的词后 [s] 过去式、过去分词 变化时所加的 ed (及其他) [t]
[z]
[d]
特例
在[s]、[z]、[tʃ]、 [dʒ]后,读[ɪz]
在[t]、[d]后,读[ɪd]
• 起指代作用的词 主格放在动词前,宾格放在动词后; 形物放在名词前,名物后不加名词 人称代词 物主代词
主格 我 你 他 她 I you he she 宾格 me you him her 形容词性物主代词 my your his her 名词性物主代词 mine yours his hers
六、代词