文房四宝英文
房四宝的英语作文
房四宝的英语作文Title: The Four Treasures of the Study。
In traditional Chinese culture, the "Four Treasures of the Study" (文房四宝) are essential tools for scholars and calligraphers. These treasures include the brush, ink stick, paper, and inkstone, each playing a significant role in the creation of calligraphy and painting. Let's delve intothese treasures and explore their significance.1. The Brush (毛笔):The brush is the quintessential tool of calligraphy and painting. Crafted from various animal hair, such as rabbit, goat, or wolf, and bound with bamboo, the brush's flexibility and tip determine the stroke's thickness and precision. Chinese calligraphy emphasizes the balance between control and fluidity, making the brush a vital instrument for expressing one's emotions and personality through writing.2. The Ink Stick (墨):The ink stick, traditionally made from pine soot and animal glue, is essential for producing ink. To create ink, the ink stick is rubbed against an inkstone with wateruntil it forms a smooth, velvety texture. The quality of the ink depends on the skillful grinding technique and the ink stick's quality. In Chinese culture, the act of grinding ink is not merely a practical task but also a meditative practice, symbolizing the scholar's dedication to their craft.3. The Paper (纸):Chinese rice paper, known as "Xuan paper," is renowned for its absorbency and durability, making it the preferred choice for calligraphy and painting. Xuan paper comes in various thicknesses and textures, each suited for different artistic styles and techniques. Beyond its practical use, paper holds symbolic significance, representing the blank canvas upon which the artist'screativity flourishes.4. The Inkstone (砚):The inkstone serves as the vessel for grinding ink and is often carved with intricate designs or auspicious symbols. Made from stone, such as slate or Shoushan stone, the inkstone is prized for its smooth surface and abilityto preserve the ink's quality. Beyond its utilitarian function, the inkstone embodies the harmony between nature and art, as it is crafted from materials sourced from the earth.Together, these Four Treasures of the Study symbolizethe essence of Chinese culture and artistic expression.They embody the values of discipline, patience, and mastery, reflecting the scholar's journey towards enlightenment and self-expression. In a world dominated by digital technologies, the enduring significance of thesetraditional tools reminds us of the timeless beauty and richness of our cultural heritage. As we cherish and preserve these treasures, we honor the legacy ofgenerations past and inspire future generations to continue the tradition of artistic excellence.。
翻译(笔墨纸砚)英语
文房四宝品类繁多，制作工艺不断 趋于完善，历代都有名匠、名品产 生，形成了深厚的文化积淀。
There is a large variety of these four treasures. Their production processes have been gradually improved. Each dynasty in Chinese history saw famous craftsmen appear and fine works produced, which helped form a profound cultural accumulation.
文房四宝本身也是供人观赏的 艺术品，并逐渐成为收藏品。
They themselves have also become the works of art for appreciation and gradually for collection.
Hale Waihona Puke 的艺术品，并逐渐成为收藏品。文房四宝
品类繁多，制作工艺不断趋于完善，历代
都有名匠、名品产生，形成了深厚的文化 积淀。
笔、墨、纸、砚（inkstone），就是人 们所说的“文房四宝(four treasures of the study)”，为书写中华五千年文明史 做出了重要贡献。
“Four treasures of the study”, referring to “writing brushes”, “ink sticks”, “paper” and “inkstones”, play an important role in recording the five thousand years’ history of Chinese civilization.
大学英语四级 ”传统文化“ 常用词汇 四
大学英语四级”传统文化“常用词汇四Peking opera 京剧Qin opera 秦腔Kungfu 功夫Tai Chi 太极ventriloquism 口技puppet show 木偶戏shadow play 皮影戏poera highlights 折子戏acrobatics 杂技witty dialogue comedy 相声embroidery 刺绣Suzhou embroidery 苏绣clay figure 泥人caligraphy 书法traditional Chinese painting 中国画Chinese brush painting 水墨画Chinese knot 中国结the four great inventions of ancient China 中国古代四大发明gunpowder 火药printing 印刷术paper-making 造纸术the compass 指南针bronze ware 青铜器porcelain;china 陶瓷tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Danasty 唐三彩cloisonne 景泰蓝swing 秋千martial arts 武术Confucianism 儒家思想Confucian culture 儒家文化Taoism 道教Mohism 墨家Legalism 法家Buddhism 佛教Confucius 孔子Mencius 孟子Lao Tzu 老子Chuang Tzu 庄子Mo Tzu 墨子Sun Tzu 孙子pictographic characters 象形文字the Four Treasures of the Study(brush,ink stick,paper,and ink stone)文房四宝The Great Learning 《大学》The Doctrine of the Mean 《中庸》The Analects of Confucius 《论语》The Mencius 《孟子》The Art of War 《孙子兵法》Three Kingdoms 《三国演义》Journey to the West 《西游记》Dream fo the Red Mansions 《红楼梦》Heroes of the Marses 《水浒传》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers《山海经》History as a Mirror 《资治通鉴》The Spring and Autumn Annals 《春秋》Historical Records 《史记》The Book of Sons 《诗经》The 1 Ching;The Book of Changes 《易经》The Book of Rites 《礼记》Three-character Scriptures 《三字经》eight-part essay 八股文five character quatrain 五言绝句seven-character octave 七言律诗cheongsam 旗袍chinese tunic suit 中山装Tang suit 唐装Fengshui;geomantic omen 风水Solar calendar 阳历Lunar calendar 阴历leap year 闰年zodiac 十二生肖the Spring Festival 春节THe Lantern Festival 元宵节the Tomb-sweeping Day 清明节the Dragon-boat Festival 端午节the Mid-autumn Day 中秋节the Double-ninth Day 重阳节the Double-seventh Day 七夕spring couplets 春联temlple fair 庙会firecracker 爆竹(traditional)New Year pictures 年画New Year gift-money 压岁钱dragon dace 舞龙sweet sticky irce dumplings 元宵festival lantern 花灯lantern riddle 灯谜lion dance 舞狮stilt walking 踩高跷dragon boat race 赛龙舟hutong 胡同Shandong cuisine 山东菜Sichuan cuisine 四川菜Canton cuisine 粤菜Yangzhou cuisine 扬州菜moon cake 月饼rice cake 年糕deep-fried dough sticks 油条soybean milk 豆浆steamed buns 馒头steamed twisted rolls 花卷steamed stuffed buns 包子Beijing roast duck 北京烤鸭hand-strectched noodles 拉面wonton(dumplings in soup) 馄饨tofu;bean curd 豆腐fried dough twist 麻花clay oven rolls 烧饼100-year egg;century egg 皮蛋fried rice with egg 蛋炒饭tomatoes on sticks 糖葫芦hot pot 火锅the Great Wall of China长城beacon tower 烽火台the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang 秦始皇陵Terracotta Warriors and Horses 兵马俑Big Wild Goose Pagoda 大雁塔the silk road 丝绸之路Mogao Grottoes 莫高窟Huaqing Hot Springs 华清池Wutai Mountain 五台山Jiuhua Mountain 九华山Mount Emei 峨眉山Mount Tai 泰山Mount Huangshan;the Yellow Mountain 黄山the Imperial Palace 故宫the Temple of Heaven 天坛Meridaian Gate 午门Grand Canal 大运河the Moat 护城河Echo Wall 回音壁Juyongguan Pass 居庸关the Nine Dragon Wall 九龙壁teh Mausoleum of Emperor Huangdi 黄帝陵the Ming Tombs 十三陵Suzhou gardens 苏州园林West Lake 西湖Jiuzhaigou Valley 九寨沟Sun Monn Lake 日月潭Potala Palace 布达拉宫drum tower 鼓楼quadrangle;countyard complex 四合院Confucius Temple 孔庙Leshan Giant Buddha 乐山大佛the Eighteen Disciples of the Buddha 十八罗汉Lama 喇嘛reincarnated soul boy 转世灵童traditional Chinese medicine 中药Emperor Huangdi's Canon of traditional Chinese Medicine 黄帝内经Shennong's Herbal Classic 神农本草经Compendium of Materia Medica 本草纲目acupuncture 针灸medical massage 推拿feeling the pulse 切脉five-animal exercises 五禽戏the Paleolithic Age 旧石器时代the Neolithic Age;New stone Age 新石器时代matriarchal clan society 母系氏族社会feudal 封建dynasty 朝代Qin Dynasty 秦朝Han Dynasty 汉朝Tang Dynasty 唐朝Song Dynasty宋朝Yuan Dynasty 元朝Ming Dynasty 明朝Qing Dynasty 清朝Emperor Qinshihuang;the First Emperor of Qin 秦始皇帝Empress Dowager 皇太后Liu Bang,Emperor Hangaozu,founder of Han Dynasty 汉高祖刘邦Genghis Khan 成吉思汗the Spring and Autumn Period 春秋Tang Princess Wencheng文成公主Empress Dowager Ci Xi 慈禧太后emperor;manarch 皇帝，君主vassal 诸侯imperiall concubine 皇妃prime minister 宰相court eunuch 太监ethnic minority 少数民族offer sacrifices 祭祀the Western Regions 西域the Warring States 战国时期Chinese civilization中华文明cradle of civilization 文明的摇篮unification of the country by Emperor Qinshihuang 秦始皇统一中国the Opium War 鸦片战争the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom 太平天国the Reform Movement of 1898 戊戌变法the 1911 Revolution 辛亥革命New-democratic Revolution 新民主主义革命the May 4th Movement of 1919 五四运动Nanchang Uprising 南昌起义September 18th Invident 918事变the Long March 长征Xi'an Incident 西安事变Nanjing Massacre 南京大屠杀the War of Resistance Against Japan 抗日战争Mao Tse-tong 毛泽东Sun Yat-sen 孙中山Chiang Kai-shek 常凯申，蒋介石Kuomingtang 国民党the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国Manchu 满族Mongol 蒙古人Scholar-officials 士大夫scholar 学者poet 诗人statesman 政治家social status 社会地位。
英语文房四宝
The Chinese Ink Slab
• Last but not least , I’ll show you the Chinese ink Slab. The slab , which is regarded as the king of Four Treasures ,was always used for mulling the materials . • It became popular in Han Dynasty, while in Song Dynasty ,it was commonly used by ordinary people.
The Paper
• Yeah , I think that everybody here wouldn’t be strange with it . Paper is one of the most famous invention in ancient China , and it contributed to the cultural communication greatly , also , the development of history is closely connected with it. • It’s alleged that the time that paper was made was about 49BC ,by an eunuch named Cai Lun .
Four Treasures Of The Chinese Study
Four Treasures Of The Chinese Study
• Traditional Chinese writing tools include the brushes, the ink sticks, paper and the ink stones. It first appeared in people’ eyes at The Northern and Southern Dynasties . • Till now it famous for Lake brush Xuan paper, Huizhou ink , and the Duan ink stone . It represented what we said as “Four Treasures”.
文房四宝英文介绍(原创)
文房四宝英文介绍(原创)－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－A Study of “Four Treasures of Chinese Study”1. IntroductionTraditional tools and materials of Chinese calligraphy are basically evolved from writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones, which are usually called as “Scholars’ Four Jewels”or the four treasures of Chinese study(See Pic.1). As most ancient Chinese scholars could write or draw, or manage both of the skills, they could not live without these four treasures. The name of “Chinese study” could be traced back to the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589) in Chinese history and especially means schola rs’ studies. (Zhang et al,2008) Writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones are used in study, therefore people praise the four objects as the four treasures of Chinese study. Except for the four treasures of Chinese study, study tools also include ink cartridges, ink and pen holders, pen rack beds, arm rests, writing brush washers, book towns, water scoops, inkstones, seal boxes, cutting knives, stamps,etc. (Zhang et al, 2008)Pic.1 Four treasures of Chinese study.Source:/doc/840aa0fd195f312b3169a547.html/show/4/141/3814957k671a5671. html）Till the Song Dynasty (960-1127), writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones have become the important writing and painting tools in the study, archaeology canalso prove it. For instance, in the tomb of Xu Jun of the Southern Song Dynasty in Fouzhou city, Fujian Province, researchers found the whole set of the four treasures of Chinese study as burial objects. (Zhang, 2004) Another example is that on the wall painting Zhang Wenzao’s family tomb in the Liao Dynasty in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, there are several images about the writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones. These facts present that the four treasures have gradually formed a broad social practical basis in such a long history and finally became a special word in the Song Dynasty. (Zhang et al, 2008)In order to know and resume the relations between ancient writing and painting tools with the study and the scholars’behavior, people should fully understand the main line of the development of calligraphy tools. This paper will make an in-depth historical research on the four treasures of Chinese study, analyze the historical development and characteristics of the fourtools, besides, the author will also conduct a series of case studies of the most famous representatives in China and their advantages.2.Writing brushPic.2 Writting BrushesSource:/doc/840aa0fd195f312b3169a547.html/2011/14/111419/images/bi3.jpgWriting brush ranks the first of the four treasures of the study. It is said that it was invested by famous general Meng Tian of Qin Dynasty. Traditional writing brushes are not only the necessary stationary of ancient Chinese people, but also have extraordinary charm in expressing Chinese calligraphy and painting. (Zhang, 2004)However, as writing brushes are easy to be damaged, there is few ancient writing brushes conserved till now.There are many kinds of writing brushes. In terms of the materials, many animals’hair are used such as rabbits, goats, deer, mice, tigers, gorillas, ducks, geese, chicken, pigs even humans.From the performance’s perspective, writing brushes can be classified into rigidity brush, flexible brush and doubled both brush. As for the material of barrel, different varieties of bamboos and wood, even crystal, horn, jade, gold, silver are used. (Zhang, 2004)The most famous writing brush producing area in China is Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province. Writing brushes made in Huzhou is called Hu writing brush. Hu writing brushes are made of high quality materials with exquisite techniques. (He, 2008) The four major characteristics are "pointed tip, uniform hair, perfect roundness and resilient to the touch. Hu writing brush has four types: goat hair, wolf hair, mixed hair and rabbit hair. According to the size, there are huge, big, middle and small. (Chen,2004)Shen Zhaomin is a contemporary calligrapher from Huzhou, he is well-known her using a huge Hu writing brush to write calligraphy.He has devoted numerous effort practicing calligraphy for decades and does excellent in all kinds of calligraphies. In 2001, he used a special Hu writhing brush which was as heavy as 81.5kg, to write down the word “Hu writing brush”which had an area of around 600㎡，and got the Guinness World RecordsCertificate of Calligraphy with Huge Brush. On the closing ceremony of Doha Asian Games, he used a 25kg Hu writing brush to write down “Harmonious Asia”on four big yellow satin cloths. (See Pic.3) Although the performance only lasted six minutes, every second was astonishing. Master Shen represented the magic Chinese calligraphy to the whole world, which was a never forgettable scene of all audience. (He,2008)Pic. 3 Shen Zhaomin is writing “harmonious Asian”in Chinese calligraphy using a 25kg Hu writing Brush, Doha Asian Olympic Games, 2005Source:/doc/840aa0fd195f312b3169a547.html/News_View.asp?NewsID=4953.Ink stickInk brings people a relatively monotonous impression, however without this kind of unique material, the fantastic artistic conception of traditional Chinese calligraphy cannot be realized. Actually the world of ink has quite abundant connotation. Before the invention of artificial ink, people generally used natural ink as writing material.(Zeng,1993) On some prehistoric pottery, bamboo and wooden slips, there are signs of primitive ink.Till the Han Dynasty, artificial ink appeared. The raw materials came from turpentine soot and squeezed by hands or molded. Till the Wei, Jin, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the quality of ink constantly improved. (Zhang, 2004)Ink is divided into two types: pine-soot ink and oil-soot ink. Pint-soot ink is made of pine wood’s ash. The characteristics of it are black, low glossiness, light colloid, so it感谢阅读，欢迎大家下载使用！。
文房四宝英文简介课件
Meaningamong ambient literati
The Four Treaties of the Study are deeply loved by any literacy These four elements have become an important part of Chinese culture and have been handed down from generation to generation They are not only a tool for writing poetry, but also a way of life for many urban literati
Patterned paper
commonly used for stationaries or gifts that require special visual effects
Inkstone
Round inkstone
a traditional Chinese stone tool used for grinding ink, commonly made of black stone or jade
High quality materials
English courseware typically used to ensure longevity and durability
Identification and Collection of English Curriculum
Identification methods
There are multiple ways to identify English courseware, including checking the quality of the recording, analyzing the content, and examining the production process
汉译英 文房四宝
•
“文房四宝Four Treasure of the Study”，即 笔、墨、纸、砚，是中国独有的文书工具。用笔 墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦时已用 不同硬度的毛和竹管制成笔；汉代以人工制墨替 代了天然墨；有了纸张后，简牍锦帛（bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk）逐渐失 去了作用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。 “文房 四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔（浙江省湖州市）、 徽墨（安徽省徽州）、宣纸（安徽省宣州）、端 砚（广东省肇庆，古称端州）。它们不仅具有实 用价值，也是融绘画、书法、雕刻、装饰等为一 体的艺术品。
• After paper was invented by the Chinese, bamboo slips, wooden tablets, brocade and silk, which originally functioned as writing materials, gradually faded out. The ink stone was first developed with the use of writing brushes and ink. After the Song Dynasty, the “Four Treasure of the Study” particularly referred to hubi, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province;
• huimo, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, Anhui Province; xuan paper, a kind of paper produced in Xuanzhou, Anhui Province; and duanyan, the ink stone made in Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province (Zhaoqing was earlier called Duanzhou). They are, more than of utility, artistic in that they integrate painting, calligraphy, carving and decorat brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone, referred to as the “Four Treasure of the Study”, are writing instruments peculiar to China. The writing brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago. In the Qin Dynasty, people already used feathers of different hardness and bamboo trunks to make brushes. During the Han Dynasty, manmade ink was used instead of natural ink.
文房四宝英文介绍(原创)
A Study of “Four Treasures of Chinese Study”1. IntroductionTraditional tools and materials of Chinese calligraphy are basically evolved from writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones, which are usually called as “Scholars’ Four Jewels”or the four treasures of Chinese study(See Pic.1). As most ancient Chinese scholars could write or draw, or manage both of the skills, they could not live without these four treasures. The name of “Chinese study” could be traced back to the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589) in Chinese history and especially means schola rs’ studies. (Zhang et al,2008) Writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones are used in study, therefore people praise the four objects as the four treasures of Chinese study. Except for the four treasures of Chinese study, study tools also include ink cartridges, ink and pen holders, pen rack beds, arm rests, writing brush washers, book towns, water scoops, inkstones, seal boxes, cutting knives, stamps,etc. (Zhang et al, 2008)Pic.1 Four treasures of Chinese study.Source: /show/4/141/3814957k671a5671.html）Till the Song Dynasty (960-1127), writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones have become the important writing and painting tools in the study, archaeology canalso prove it. For instance, in the tomb of Xu Jun of the Southern Song Dynasty in Fouzhou city, Fujian Province, researchers found the whole set of the four treasures of Chinese study as burial objects. (Zhang, 2004) Another example is that on the wall painting Zhang Wenzao’s family tomb in the Liao Dynasty in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, there are several images about the writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones. These facts present that the four treasures have gradually formed a broad social practical basis in such a long history and finally became a special word in the Song Dynasty. (Zhang et al, 2008)In order to know and resume the relations between ancient writing and painting tools with the study and the scholars’behavior, people should fully understand the main line of the development of calligraphy tools. This paper will make an in-depth historical research on the four treasures of Chinese study, analyze the historical development and characteristics of the four tools, besides, the author will also conduct a series of case studies of the most famous representatives in China and their advantages.2.Writing brushPic.2 Writting BrushesSource: /2011/14/111419/images/bi3.jpgWriting brush ranks the first of the four treasures of the study. It is said that it was invested by famous general Meng Tian of Qin Dynasty. Traditional writing brushes are not only the necessary stationary of ancient Chinese people, but also have extraordinary charm in expressing Chinese calligraphy and painting. (Zhang, 2004)However, as writing brushes are easy to be damaged, there is few ancient writing brushes conserved till now.There are many kinds of writing brushes. In terms of the materials, many animals’hair are used such as rabbits, goats, deer, mice, tigers, gorillas, ducks, geese, chicken, pigs even humans.From the performance’s perspective, writing brushes can be classified into rigidity brush, flexible brush and doubled both brush. As for the material of barrel, different varieties of bamboos and wood, even crystal, horn, jade, gold, silver are used. (Zhang, 2004)The most famous writing brush producing area in China is Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province. Writing brushes made in Huzhou is called Hu writing brush. Hu writing brushes are made of high quality materials with exquisite techniques. (He, 2008) The four major characteristics are "pointed tip, uniform hair, perfect roundness and resilient to the touch. Hu writing brush has four types: goat hair, wolf hair, mixed hair and rabbit hair. According to the size, there are huge, big, middle and small. (Chen,2004)Shen Zhaomin is a contemporary calligrapher from Huzhou, he is well-known her using a huge Hu writing brush to write calligraphy.He has devoted numerous effort practicing calligraphy for decades and does excellent in all kinds of calligraphies. In 2001, he used a special Hu writhing brush which was as heavy as 81.5kg, to write down the word “Hu writing brush”which had an area of around 600㎡，and got the Guinness World RecordsCertificate of Calligraphy with Huge Brush. On the closing ceremony of Doha Asian Games, he used a 25kg Hu writing brush to write down “Harmonious Asia”on four big yellow satin cloths. (See Pic.3) Although the performance only lasted six minutes, every second was astonishing. Master Shen represented the magic Chinese calligraphy to the whole world, which was a never forgettable scene of all audience. (He,2008)Pic. 3 Shen Zhaomin is writing “harmonious Asian”in Chinese calligraphy using a 25kg Hu writing Brush, Doha Asian Olympic Games, 2005Source: /News_View.asp?NewsID=4953.Ink stickInk brings people a relatively monotonous impression, however without this kind of unique material, the fantastic artistic conception of traditional Chinese calligraphy cannot be realized. Actually the world of ink has quite abundant connotation. Before the invention of artificial ink, people generally used natural ink as writing material.(Zeng,1993) On some prehistoric pottery, bamboo and wooden slips, there are signs of primitive ink.Till the Han Dynasty, artificial ink appeared. The raw materials came from turpentine soot and squeezed by hands or molded. Till the Wei, Jin, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the quality of ink constantly improved. (Zhang, 2004)Ink is divided into two types: pine-soot ink and oil-soot ink. Pint-soot ink is made of pine wood’s ash. The characteristics of it are black, low glossiness, light colloid, so itis only suitable for writing. While the oil-soot ink is made from animal or plant oil. It usually has bright color and is perfect for traditional Chinese painting. The ink of Chinese painting is generally in the form of ink sticks. According to the uses of ink sticks there are common ink, tribute ink, royal ink, home-made ink, gift ink etc. (Zeng,1993)Pic 4. The Hui Ink StickSource: /GB/8215/54394/54397/3796434.htmlThe Hui Ink Stick is the most famous ink stick product in China. Its was named after its production area ancient Huizhou. Today, Tunxi District and Xi County in Huangshan city, Anhui Province are the two manufacturing centers of Hui Ink Sticks.There are various types of Hui Ink Stick, such as paint-soot, oil-soot,net-soot, minus-glue, added-spice etc. The high class paint soot ink sticks are made from ten kinds of precious materials including Tung oil-soot, musk, borneol, gold foil and pearl powder. Hui Ink Sticks have the advantages of light weight, pleasant odor, hard quality, long-lasting effect etc, therefore, it has become calligraphers and painters’necessary goods for hundreds of years. (See Pic 4)Pic 5. Workers are making Hui Ink SticksSource: /wfsb/20080820-12530/The production of Hui Ink Stick has a history of one thousand years. The ink sticks are the combination of drawing, calligraphy, carving, shaping etc, thus become a kind of comprehensive artistic treasure. In contemporary times, Hui Ink Stick is developed and updated on the basis of traditional craftsmanship. (See Pic 5) However, due to the lack of raw materials and the inheritors, the future of Hui Ink Stick is worrying. (Chen,2004)4. PaperPaper is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. It is said that Cai Lun of the East Han Dynasty updated the technology of making paper, thus improved the quality of paper, made paper easier to write on. Till Wei and Jin Dynasties, paper fully replaced other materials and became the main writing material. Since then,the position of paper has never been threated. (Zhang, 2004) From this point, paper has the largest vitality among the four treasures of Chinese study. For ancient Chinese people, paper is a tool to be relaxed and pleased, a carrier to point out problems and the bailment of emotions. For most Chinese, paper is a concentration of Chinese culture and history.People believe that the Xuan Paper is the best paper to write and draw. Xuan Paper is produced in Jin County, Anhui Province, which is a kind of high class artistic paper used for traditional Chinese brush calligraphy, painting, mounting, rubbing, watermarking etc. Till now, Xuan Paper has a history of over one thousand years. (Zeng,1993) Xuan Paper has excellent ink embellishment, durability, non-deformation and insect resistance, thus it has become the paper which could best present the artistic style of traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy. (Chen, 2004) It is said that ink can be divided into five colors, which means one stroke contains deep and light colors, the layers and patterns are quite clear. This trick is created by artists using the ink embellishment feature of Xuan Paper to control the proportion of water and ink. A large amount of ancient artistic works and literature spread up to now arepreserved by Xuan Paper perfectly.Pic 6. Xuan Paper in manufacturing/wenzhang/11013/1101391747.html）In terms of the manufacturing methods, Xuan Paper is classified into untreated Xua n Paper, treated Xuan Paper and semi-treated Xuan Paper. (See Pic6) Untreated Xuan Paper includes Jiagong, Yuban, Jingpi, Danxuan, Mianlian etc. (Zhang, 2004) Untreated paper refers to the paper without manufacturing, it has strong water-absorbing quality and water permeability,so it is easy to produce abundant ink changes and achieve fantastic artistic effect. When people draw enjoyable scenery, they will use this kind of Xuan Paper. Treated Xuan Paper is the deep manufacturing product of untreated Xuan Paper. It is made of the combination of untreated paper and a special glue. The manufacturing process of treated Xuan Paper is easy and convenient o manage. However the proportion of glue and alum has no certain standard, it should be determined according to requirement of painting and calligraphy, and the quality of paper. Different proportion will directly influence the final effects of manufacturing. (Zhang, 2004)5. InkstoneInkstones are the containers of ink. Most of inkstones are made of stones, some of inkstones are made of earthenware clay. Inkstone have various shapes includingrectangular, square, circle, oval and bionic shapes such as animals and plants. Sometimes craftsmen carve all kinds of decorations on the bodies of inkstones. High class inkstones have the characteristics of exquisite smooth and quality, grinded ink is fine and well-distributed. Famous inkstones are divided into Duan and Xi. (Zhang,2004) Except for practical use, inkstones are also very valuable art crafts and valued by collectors and scholars.Overall, the development of inkstones is a process from pursuing the practical functions to pursuing aesthetic joy. Before the Tang Dynasty, people mainly developed the practical functions of inkstones, the shapes were mostly simple and rustic without any decorations. (Yen, 2013) At first, people could not be certain that which material is most suitable for inkstone making, so they tried all possible materials including stone, pot clay, paint, jade, china etc. Till the Tang Dynasty, people finally determined the main body position of stone inkstones, and gradually developed four important series of inkstone products which were Duan, Xi, Hongsi and Chengni, and basically perfected the practicability of inkstones. Since the Song Dynasty, the development of inkstones gradually became the pursuit of aesthetic joy. At that stage, many professional literature were released including the quality, style, carving technique of inkstones, such as the History of Inkstones written by Mi Fu, Record of Inkstones written by Su Yijian, thus have laid a foundation for the future development of inkstones. (Dong et al, 2008)Pic 7 Duan InkstoneSource: /tour/ShowArticle.aspx?ArticleID=537）The Duan Inkstone has the highest reputation among all kinds of inkstones. (See Pic 7) Duan Inkstone is produced in ancient Duanzhou in Guangdong Province. It became nationally renowned as early as the Tang Dynasty, The quality of Duan Inkstone is very lubricating and exquisite. (Xiang, 2008) Most of Duan Inkstones have the color of purple and some yellow, red or green circle patterns, which are called eyes. Duan Inkstone has been produced since the beginning of the Tang Dynasty. Since the middle of the Tang Dynasty, people began to pay attention to the pattern carving, thus Duan Inkstone has transformed form stationary into art craft. Till the Song Dynasty, the emperor listed Duan Inkstone as one of the tributes. (Xiang,2008) Nowadays, due to the lack of scientific management, the stone pits around Zhaoqing have been severely damaged, therefore Duan Inkstone has become more precious than ever.6.ConclusionAll in all, this paper has made an in-depth analysis of the four treasures of Chinese study respectively which are writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones. Not only has the author discussed the historical development and characteristics of the four tools, but also conducted a series of case studies of the most famous representatives in China and their advantages including Hu Writing Brush, Hu Ink Stick, Xuan Paper and Duan Inkstone. The four treasures of Chinese study have created numerous value for ancient Chinese culture including calligraphy, painting, sealing, and the preservation of historical literature and materials. They are of important practicability as well as aesthetical value. It is people’s responsibility to pass the four treasures generation after generation, maintain, update them and promote them to the whole world.References:Dong, J., Xu, M., Zhang, X. J., Gao, Y. Q., & Pan, Y. H. 2008. The creation process of Chinese calligraphy and emulation of imagery thinking. Intelligent Systems, IEEE, 23(6), pp. 56-62.Xiang, H. E. 2008. A Perspective of Inkstone Culture under Protection of Non-Material Cultural Heritage——Take Zhaoqing'S Duan Ink Slab as an Example. Journal of South-Central University for Nationalities (Humanities and Social Sciences), 3, pp.14-18.He, X. Q. 2008. Huzhou Writing Brush Culture and Its Tourism Development. Journal of Huzhou Teachers College, 1, 27.Yen, Y. 2013. Calligraphy and power in contemporary Chinese society. Routledge. pp. 10-37.Chen, Y.Q. 2004. Writing Brush, Ink Stick, Ink Slab and Paper" and the Chinese Traditional Culture. Journal of Huzhou Vocational and Technological College, 2, pp. 23-33.Zeng, Y. H. 1993. A history of Chinese calligraphy. Chinese University Press. pp. 4-45.Zhang, W. 2004. The four treasures: inside the scholar's studio. Long River Pr. pp. 15-109.Zhang, J., Tang, W., Shi, C., Liu, Z., & Wang, X. 2008. Chinese calligraphy and tourism: from cultural heritage to landscape symbol and media of the tourism industry.Current Issues in Tourism, 11(6), pp. 529-548.。
文房四宝英文介绍(原创)
A Study of “Four Treasures of ChineseStudy”1. IntroductionTraditional tools and materials of Chinese calligraphy arebasically evolved from writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones, which are usually called as “Scholars’ Four Jewels”or the fou r treasures of Chinese study (See Pic.1). As most ancient Chinese scholars could write or draw, or manage both of the skills, they could not live without these four treasures. The name of “Chinese study” could be traced back to the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420-589) in Chinese history and especially means scholars’ studies. (Zhang et al, 2008) Writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones are used in study, therefore people praise the four objects as the four treasures of Chinese study. Except for the four treasures of Chinese study, study tools also include ink cartridges, ink and pen holders, pen rack beds, arm rests, writing brush washers, book towns, water scoops, inkstones, seal boxes, cutting knives, stamps,etc. (Zhang et al, 2008)Pic.1 Four treasures of Chinese study.Source: ）Till the Song Dynasty (960-1127), writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones have become the important writing and painting tools in the study, archaeology can also prove it. For instance, in the tomb of Xu Jun of the Southern Song Dynasty in Fouzhou city, Fujian Province, researchers found the whole set of the four treasures of Chinese study as burial objects. (Zhang, 2004) Another example is that on the wall painting Zhang Wenzao’s family tomb in the Liao Dynasty in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, there are several images about the writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones. These facts present that the four treasures have gradually formed a broad social practical basis in such a long history and finally became a special word in the Song Dynasty. (Zhang et al, 2008)In order to know and resume the relations between ancient writing and painting tools with the study and the scholars’ behavior, people should fully understand the main line of the development of calligraphy tools. This paper will make an in-depth historical research on the four treasures of Chinese study, analyze the historical development and characteristics of the four tools, besides, the author will also conduct a series of case studies of the most famous representatives in China and their advantages.2.Writing brushPic.2 Writting BrushesSource:Writing brush ranks the first of the four treasures of the study.It is said that it was invested by famous general Meng Tian of Qin Dynasty. Traditional writing brushes are not only the necessary stationary of ancient Chinese people, but also have extraordinary charm in expressing Chinese calligraphy and painting. (Zhang, 2004)However, as writing brushes are easy to be damaged, there is few ancient writing brushes conserved till now.There are many kinds of writing brushes. In terms of the materials, many animals’hair are used such as rabbits, goats, deer, mice, tigers, gorillas, ducks, geese, chicken, pigs even humans.From theperforma nce’s perspective, writing brushes can be classified into rigidity brush, flexible brush and doubled both brush. As for thematerial of barrel, different varieties of bamboos and wood, even crystal, horn, jade, gold, silver are used. (Zhang, 2004)The most famous writing brush producing area in China is Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province. Writing brushes made in Huzhou is called Hu writing brush. Hu writing brushes are made of high quality materialswith exquisite techniques. (He, 2008) The four major characteristics are "pointed tip, uniform hair, perfect roundness and resilient to the touch. Hu writing brush has four types: goat hair, wolf hair, mixed hair and rabbit hair. According to the size, there are huge, big, middle and small. (Chen,2004)Shen Zhaomin is a contemporary calligrapher from Huzhou, he iswell-known her using a huge Hu writing brush to write calligraphy.He has devoted numerous effort practicing calligraphy for decades and does excellent in all kinds of calligraphies. In 2001, he used a special Hu writhing brush which was as heavy as 81.5kg, to write down the word “Hu writing brush”which had an area of around 600㎡，and got the Guinness World RecordsCertificate of Calligraphy with Huge Brush. On the closing ceremony of Doha Asian Games, he used a 25kg Hu writing brush to write down “Harmonious Asia”on four big yellow satin cloths. (See Pic.3) Although the performance only lasted six minutes, every second was astonishing. Master Shen represented the magic Chinese calligraphy tothe whole world, which was a never forgettable scene of all audience. (He,2008)Pic. 3 Shen Zhaomin is writing “harmonious Asian”in Chinese calligraphy using a 25kg Hu writing Brush, Doha Asian Olympic Games, 2005Source:3. Ink stickInk brings people a relatively monotonous impression, however without this kind of unique material, the fantastic artistic conception of traditional Chinese calligraphy cannot be realized. Actually the world of ink has quite abundant connotation. Before the invention of artificial ink, people generally used natural ink as writingmaterial.(Zeng,1993) On some prehistoric pottery, bamboo and wooden slips, there are signs of primitive ink.Till the Han Dynasty, artificialink appeared. The raw materials came from turpentine soot and squeezedby hands or molded. Till the Wei, Jin, the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the quality of ink constantly improved. (Zhang, 2004)Ink is divided into two types: pine-soot ink and oil-soot ink.Pint-soot ink is made of pine wood’s ash. The characteristics of it are black, low glossiness, light colloid, so it is only suitable for writing. While the oil-soot ink is made from animal or plant oil. It usually has bright color and is perfect for traditional Chinese painting. The ink of Chinese painting is generally in the form of ink sticks. According tothe uses of ink sticks there are common ink, tribute ink, royal ink, home-made ink, gift ink etc. (Zeng,1993)Pic 4. The Hui Ink StickSource:The Hui Ink Stick is the most famous ink stick product in China.Its was named after its production area ancient Huizhou. Today, Tunxi District and Xi County in Huangshan city, Anhui Province are the two manufacturing centers of Hui Ink Sticks.There are various types of Hui Ink Stick, such as paint-soot, oil-soot,net-soot, minus-glue, added-spice etc. The high class paint soot ink sticks are made from ten kinds of precious materials including Tung oil-soot, musk, borneol, gold foil and pearl powder. Hui Ink Sticks have the advantages of light weight, pleasant odor, hard quality, long-lasting effect etc, therefore, it has become calligraphers and painters’ necessary goods for hundreds of years. (See Pic 4)Pic 5. Workers are making Hui Ink SticksSource:The production of Hui Ink Stick has a history of one thousand years. The ink sticks are the combination of drawing, calligraphy, carving, shaping etc, thus become a kind of comprehensive artistic treasure. In contemporary times, Hui Ink Stick is developed and updated on the basis of traditional craftsmanship. (See Pic 5) However, due to the lack ofraw materials and the inheritors, the future of Hui Ink Stick is worrying. (Chen,2004)4. PaperPaper is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. It is said that Cai Lun of the East Han Dynasty updated the technology of making paper, thus improved the quality of paper, made paper easier to write on. Till Wei and Jin Dynasties, paper fully replaced other materials and became the main writing material. Since then,the position of paper has never been threated. (Zhang, 2004) From this point, paper has the largest vitality among the four treasures of Chinese study. For ancient Chinese people, paper is a tool to be relaxed and pleased, a carrier to point out problems and the bailment of emotions. For most Chinese, paper is a concentration of Chinese culture and history.People believe that the Xuan Paper is the best paper to write and draw. Xuan Paper is produced in Jin County, Anhui Province, which is a kind of high class artistic paper used for traditional Chinese brush calligraphy, painting, mounting, rubbing, watermarking etc. Till now, Xuan Paper has a history of over one thousand years. (Zeng,1993) Xuan Paper has excellent ink embellishment, durability, non-deformation and insect resistance, thus it has become the paper which could best present the artistic style of traditional Chinese painting and calligraphy. (Chen, 2004) It is said that ink can be divided into five colors, which means one stroke contains deep and light colors, the layers and patterns are quite clear. This trick is created by artists using the ink embellishment feature of Xuan Paper to control the proportion of water and ink. A large amount of ancient artistic works and literature spread up to now are preserved by Xuan Paper perfectly.Pic 6. Xuan Paper in manufacturing）In terms of the manufacturing methods, Xuan Paper is classifiedinto untreated Xuan Paper, treated Xuan Paper and semi-treated Xuan Paper. (See Pic6) Untreated Xuan Paper includes Jiagong, Yuban, Jingpi, Danxuan, Mianlian etc. (Zhang, 2004) Untreated paper refers to the paper without manufacturing, it has strong water-absorbing quality and water permeability,so it is easy to produce abundant ink changes and achieve fantastic artistic effect. When people draw enjoyable scenery, they will use this kind of Xuan Paper. Treated Xuan Paper is the deep manufacturing product of untreated Xuan Paper. It is made of the combination of untreated paper and a special glue. The manufacturing process of treated Xuan Paper is easy and convenient o manage. However the proportion of glue and alum has no certain standard, it should be determined according to requirement of painting and calligraphy, and the quality of paper. Different proportion will directly influence the final effects of manufacturing. (Zhang, 2004)5. InkstoneInkstones are the containers of ink. Most of inkstones are made of stones, some of inkstones are made of earthenware clay. Inkstone have various shapes including rectangular, square, circle, oval and bionic shapes such as animals and plants. Sometimes craftsmen carve all kindsof decorations on the bodies of inkstones. High class inkstones have the characteristics of exquisite smooth and quality, grinded ink is fine and well-distributed. Famous inkstones are divided into Duan and Xi. (Zhang,2004) Except for practical use, inkstones are also very valuable art crafts and valued by collectors and scholars.Overall, the development of inkstones is a process from pursuingthe practical functions to pursuing aesthetic joy. Before the Tang Dynasty, people mainly developed the practical functions of inkstones, the shapes were mostly simple and rustic without any decorations. (Yen, 2013) At first, people could not be certain that which material is most suitable for inkstone making, so they tried all possible materials including stone, pot clay, paint, jade, china etc. Till the Tang Dynasty, people finally determined the main body position of stone inkstones, and gradually developed four important series of inkstone products which were Duan, Xi, Hongsi and Chengni, and basically perfected the practicability of inkstones. Since the Song Dynasty, the development of inkstones gradually became the pursuit of aesthetic joy. At that stage, many professional literature were released including the quality, style, carving technique of inkstones, such as the History of Inkstones written by Mi Fu, Record of Inkstones written by Su Yijian, thus have laid a foundation for the future development of inkstones. (Dong et al, 2008)Pic 7 Duan InkstoneSource: ）The Duan Inkstone has the highest reputation among all kinds of inkstones. (See Pic 7) Duan Inkstone is produced in ancient Duanzhou in Guangdong Province. It became nationally renowned as early as the Tang Dynasty, The quality of Duan Inkstone is very lubricating and exquisite. (Xiang, 2008) Most of Duan Inkstones have the color of purple and some yellow, red or green circle patterns, which are called eyes. Duan Inkstone has been produced since the beginning of the Tang Dynasty. Since the middle of the Tang Dynasty, people began to pay attention to the pattern carving, thus Duan Inkstone has transformed form stationary into art craft. Till the Song Dynasty, the emperor listed Duan Inkstone as one of the tributes. (Xiang,2008) Nowadays, due to the lack of scientific management, the stone pits around Zhaoqing have been severely damaged, therefore Duan Inkstone has become more precious than ever.6. ConclusionAll in all, this paper has made an in-depth analysis of the four treasures of Chinese study respectively which are writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and inkstones. Not only has the author discussed the historical development and characteristics of the four tools, but also conducted a series of case studies of the most famous representatives in China and their advantages including Hu Writing Brush, Hu Ink Stick, Xuan Paper and Duan Inkstone. The four treasures of Chinese study have created numerous value for ancient Chinese culture including calligraphy, painting, sealing, and the preservation of historical literature and materials. They are of important practicability as well as aesthetical value. It is people’s responsibility to pass the four treasures generation after generation, maintain, update them and promote them to the whole world.References:Dong, J., Xu, M., Zhang, X. J., Gao, Y. Q., & Pan, Y. H. 2008. The creation process of Chinese calligraphy and emulation of imagery thinking. Intelligent Systems, IEEE, 23(6), pp. 56-62.Xiang, H. E. 2008. A Perspective of Inkstone Culture underProtection of Non-Material Cultural Heritage——Take Zhaoqing'S Duan Ink Slab as an Example. Journal of South-Central University forNationalities (Humanities and Social Sciences), 3, pp.14-18.He, X. Q. 2008. Huzhou Writing Brush Culture and Its Tourism Development. Journal of Huzhou Teachers College, 1, 27.Yen, Y. 2013. Calligraphy and power in contemporary Chinese society. Routledge. pp. 10-37.Chen, Y.Q. 2004. Writing Brush, Ink Stick, Ink Slab and Paper" and the Chinese Traditional Culture. Journal of Huzhou Vocational and Technological College, 2, pp. 23-33.Zeng, Y. H. 1993. A history of Chinese calligraphy. Chinese University Press. pp. 4-45.Zhang, W. 2004. The four treasures: inside the scholar's studio. Long River Pr. pp. 15-109.Zhang, J., Tang, W., Shi, C., Liu, Z., & Wang, X. 2008. Chinese calligraphy and tourism: from cultural heritage to landscape symbol and media of the tourism industry. Current Issues in Tourism, 11(6), pp. 529-548.。
四级英汉互译·英语作文120词·中华文化之文房四宝
文房四宝中文：文房四宝（Four Treasures of the Study）也就是笔、墨（ink-stick）、纸、砚（ink-slab）是中国独具特色的文书工具。
“文房”之名，始于南北朝时期（the Northern and Southern Dynasties），专指文人（literati）书房而言。
四宝品类繁多，丰富多彩，以湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚著称，享负盛名。
故宫博物院（the Palace Museum）收藏的文房四宝多为清代（the Qing Dynasty）名师所作，皇家御用，用料考究、工艺精美，代表了我国数千年来文房用具的发展水平。
语言要点：characteristics; refer to; be famous for; collect; exceptionally; exclusively译文：The Four Treasures of the Study, namely the writing brush, ink-stick, paper and ink-slab, are the writing tools with Chinese characteristics. They got their names in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, referring only to the study of the literati. The Four Treasures, varied and colorful, are famous for theirhubi, huimo, xuanzhi, and duanyan. Those collected in the Palace Museum are famous products of masters of the Qing Dynasty, which, boasting exceptionally fine materials and superb craftsmanship, were used exclusively in the Royal Palace, representing the level of development of Chinese writing tools over several thousand years.。
文房四宝英文
书法器具 The Tools of Calligraphy文房四宝——The Four Treasures of Study笔 brushIn numerous pen products, the Chinese brush can be regarded as the most special one. Traditional Chinese brush not only is the ancients’ essential tools, but also have different fascin ation in expressing the special charm of Chinese calligraphy and painting.We often use the rabbit hair, sheep hair and combination hair, which are the most important ones.The rabbit hair is tough, resilient and short, it can be used to write small words. The sheep hair is soft, weak and long, it can be used to write big words.The combination hair is made of hard hair and soft hair.墨 inkstickThe inkstick is the necessary in ancient writing. Chinese calligraphy and painting’s wonderful artistic conception can be carried out by this unique material.Before the artificial inkstick was invented, people used the natural inkstick as the writing material. The artificial inkstick appeared in Han Dynasty and was made of pine wood.The good inkstick is strong and tough, has black bright color and light fragrant flavor.When we use the inkstick, we should add in clear water gradually, mill slowly and keep in the box after use.纸 paperThe paper was one of the four great inventions of ancient China, and it contributed to the cultural transmission a lot.Before the paper was invented, people used turtle shells and animal bones, bronze, bamboo, silk and stone as the materials to write.Paper was invented by Cai Lun in the dynasty of Han.The rice paper has become the most valuable writing paper.The good paper should have compact quality, pure white color and is not too rough or smooth.When we use the paper, we should make it flat, clean and fixed.砚 inkstoneThe inkstone originated in Shang dynasty. There are pottery inkstone, brick inkstone and jade inkstone. The most famous inkstones are the Duan inkstone and the She inkstone.The Duan inkstone is produced in Duan state Guangdong province.The white is best, the purple is worst. The Duan inkstone is best used to write big words.The She inkstone is as famous as the Duan inkstone, which is produced in She state Anhui province. And the She inkstone is best used to write small words.When we use the inkstone, we should keep water, scrub after using and mill lightly.。
文房四宝英语介绍
In terms of the materials ,we can divide it into several kinds , such as rabbit hair ones ,horsehair ones or suchlike . While in terms of the quality ,we can conclude it into golden, silver, ivory, or bamboo.
With these unique writing material ancient people created many masterpieces ,suchlike Xu Mo’s ink painting , Huai Su’s cursive script and Yan Zhenqing’s simple cursive.
Four Treasures Of The Chinese
Study
班级：B15材料成型与控制工程班 小组人员：***，***
Traditional Chinese writing tools include the writing brushes, the ink sticks, paper and the ink stones. It first appeared in people’ eyes at The Northern and Southern Dynasties .
Till now it famous for Lake brush Xuan paper, Huizhou ink , and the Duan ink e said as “Four Treasures”.
Four Treasures of Study(原文)
中英对照原文文房四宝Four Treasures of Study现在我们来谈谈中国画作画时常用的工具。
Now let’s talk about the things, or the tools we are gonna use to paint Chinese painting.我们把这些工具称作“文房四宝”，意思就是书房里的四件宝物。
In Chinese we called those tools as “Wen Fang Si Bao”, literally means the four treasures in your study.这些是毛笔，我们叫做“笔”。
These are the brushes; we call it “Bi”.这是“墨”。
And this is ink.这是“纸”。
And this is of course paper, you can see that.这块石头是“砚”，叫做砚石或砚台。
And this piece of stone we call it ink stone or ink slab.这件我们叫做“笔”的东西，在英语中叫做“刷子”。
The thing is that, this is called “Bi” in Chinese. But of course I see that in English it’s called brush.在西方绘画中，你们用扁平的刷子，但在中国绘画和书法中，我们用圆形的刷子。
In western painting, you use a kind of a flat brush, but in Chinese painting or Chinese calligraphy, we use a round one. 在中文中我们说的笔，听起来与英文中的，“钢笔”是一样的。
And in Chinese we call it “Bi”, which sounds very much like or exactly the same as we would call it pen in English.所以这是很传统的“中国笔”。
完整版文房四宝英文介绍
In terms of the materials ,we can divide it into several kinds , such as rabbit hair ones ,horsehair ones or suchlike . While in terms of the quality ,we can conclude it into golden, silver, ivory, or bamboo.
笔 墨 纸 砚
Introduction
The Brush
s
The Chinese Ink
content
The Paper
The Chinese Ink Slab
Introduction
Traditional Chinese writing tools include the brushes, the ink sticks, paper and the ink stones. It first appeared in people' eyes at The Northern and Southern Dynasties .
It became popular in Han Dynasty, while in Song Dynasty ,it was commonly used by ordinary people.
Conclusion
Of course, apart from these tools , there are still many other study tools in Chinese study . Such as pen holders, brush holders, trays or seals.
文房四宝英文简介
"Ma-quan-wan" paper, Dynasties, the paper
and "Han-tan-po" paper. producing industry was
very thriving
➢ In the Qing “Xuan-zhi”
produced in Xuanzhou,
was regarded as "the king
Paper
History ﹠Categries
➢ invented by Cai Lun ➢ After the Eastern Jin
➢ In Western Han , "Fang-ma-tan" paper,
Dynasty, paper was extensively used
"Xuan-quan" paper, ➢ In the Tang and Song
Xi inkslab
Tao inkslab
Chengni inkslab
Duan inkslab
Usefull expressions
石墨铅笔 Black pencil 炭笔 Charcoal pencil 猪鬃笔 Hog-hair brush 牛毛油画笔 Ox-hair brush 狼毫 Weasel’s hair brush 兔毫 Rabbit-hair brush 鹿毫 Deer-hair brush
The shaft（笔杆） ：made of bamboo,wood,lacquer and porcelain,as well as mother-of-pearl inlays (镶嵌)，ivory and jade.