英语中的否定

浅析英语中的否定

编讲：田老师在教学中不难看出，影响学生英语理解和阅读的除了有单词和主从句（长难句）外，还有一些否定句子困扰学生，严重影响了学习兴趣。现在就英语中的否定作统一的浅析以便教和学更轻松。

第一篇：否定转移和不转移问题

否定转移的主句动词在语义上可分：

A:表示看法的动词：

be supposed to, believe, expect, imagine, suppose, think，fancy，guess，should say 等表示主观意见和猜想的动词在句中作谓语时，按习惯其宾语从句的否定通常转移到主句。如：

1. I didn’t think I have seen you before.

2. She didn’t imagine that we woul

d say anything.

B:表示感觉的动词：

在seem，feel，taste，sound，appear，look like, feel as if, look as if, sound as if作联系动词的句子中，特别是seem，按习惯以它的否定来代替其他部分的否定。例如：1. The baby doesn’t appear to be awake. 2. It doesn’t look （看起来） like it’s （天不会）going to rain.

3．English doesn't seem easy to learn. 英语好像不容易学。

4．It didn't seem during those years that there could be anyone else who might s hare my own peculiar tastes. 在那些年月里，似乎没有人会有我这样的特殊情趣。

C类似的情况还有半助动词happen。

例如：He didn't happen to be at home. 他碰巧不在家。

D将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前

面。 It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。

It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。

E 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否

定。 I don't remember having ever seen such a man.

我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短

语 having…) It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.

在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。 (anyone 作主语时，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)

F 状语和状语从句的否定转移

The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。

He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何，就轻信此事。

She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定状语many weeks) 她结婚还不到几个月，这个人的弟弟就看见她了，并对她的美貌着迷。

G以because引导的从句或because of引导的介词短语在句中作原因状语时，其否定常常转移。例如：

1．I don't teach because teaching is easy for me., and nor do I teach because I thi nk I know answers, or I have knowledge I feel compelled to share with others. (＝ I teach not because… neither because…) 我当教师，并不是因为我觉得教书轻松……也不是因为我认为自己能够解答各种问题，或者因为我有满腹学问，觉得非与别人分享不可。

2.I didn't go there because of his request. (＝

I went there not because of his request.) 我不是因为他的要求而去的。

H 常见的句型

1.当think, believe, suppose, imagine这一类动词引导一个否定概念时，通常将引导动词think变为否定。

例如：I don’t think you’ve met my wife. 你大概没有见过我的妻子吧。

2.结构句型“not…because…”中的not常常是否定because所引导的状语从句，而不是否定主句的谓语动词。

例如：They did not come to the hospital because they wanted to see me.

他们来医院不是因为要看我。

再如：Tom was not unhappy because he was unable to go there.

汤姆并不是因为不能去那儿而感到不高兴。

比较：He did not go to the lecture this morning because he was sick.

今早他没来参加讲座，因为他病了。

I did not write that letter because of what you told me.

由于你给我说了，我才没有写那封信。

（或：并不是因为你跟我说了，我才写那封信。）

再如：You should not lookdown upon a man because he is poor.

误译:因为一个人穷,所以你不应该看不起他。