土壤与环境研究
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Zonal soils: soil varied with latitude according to climatic and vegetation conditions. Intrazonal soils: soils were more closely associated with parent material or drainage conditions. Azonal soils: soils were poorly developed, duo mainly to lack of time.
10
Definition of parent material 母质是风化壳(weathering crust)的表层，是指原生基 岩(original bedrock)经过风化、搬运、堆积等过程于地表 形成的一层疏松、最年轻的地质矿物质层，它是形成土 壤的物质基础，是土壤的前身。 风化壳是地壳表层的岩石经过风化后形成的疏松堆积物。 母质既不同于岩石：有初步肥力，颗粒分散，疏松多孔，有
成土因素的时空分异导致土壤演化持续进行
5
地带性土壤（Zonalsoils）
At the regional and global scale, climate and biota will have a dominant influence on soil formation, and soil types can be related in general terms to bioclimatic zones. The remaining factors will then account for variations in soil formation within a particular bioclimatic zone.
成土因素学说 In later nineteenth -century Russia, V.V. Dokuchaev originally identified the principal soilforming factors as climate, biota, parent material, relief and landscape age.
1Baidu Nhomakorabea
7.Soil Formation and Development
土壤形成和发育
7.1 Soil-forming factors and its functions
土壤形成因素及其在土壤发生中的作用
7.2 Pedogenic processes
土壤形成过程
7.3 Soil development
土壤发育
成土因素具有同等重要性和不可替代性
The soil-forming factors operate in combination. It is no tpossible to rank them in order of importance – they are all equally important, although within any one environment certain factors may have a more dominant influence on soil formation than others.
climate 气候 organisms 生物 relief 地形 parent material 母质 time 时间 human active 人为活动
4
Clorpt 函数 式
成土因素学说的基本原理
土壤是成土因素综合作用的结果
The operation of pedogenic processesis controlled by a number of environmental factors operating through the medium of time and that these determine the type of soil produced in any particular location.
accumulation
Parentmaterial（母质）
（pedogenic processes） Parent material is main mineral sources of soil formation, and its nature is fundamental to many soil characteristics.
6
全球土壤-植被景观图
7
全球气温时空变化对土壤形成的影响
8
全球降水量时空变化对土壤形成的影响
9
7.1.2 母质(Parent material)对土壤发生的作用
Surfacerock
weathering
Weatheringcrust（风化壳）
Soil
Organisms active and
organic matter
3
The influence of environment factors on soil formation was considered in a more systematic manner following the work of Jenny(1941).
Soil =f (cl, o, r, p, t, (h)······)
红壤
2
7.1 Soil-forming factors and its functions
土壤形成因素及其在土壤发生中的作用 7.1.1 Soil-forming factors土壤形成因素 又称成土因素，是影响土壤形成和发育的基本 因素，它是一种物质、力、条件或关系或它们的组 合，其已经对土壤形成发生影响或将影响土壤的形 成。
SOIL ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES 土壤环境过程
7.SoilFormation and Development 土壤形成和发育 8.Soil Colloidal Chemistry and Surface Reaction 土壤胶体化学和表面反应 9.Soil Acidity/Alkalinity and Re-dox Reaction 土壤酸碱性和氧化还原反应 10.Soil Nutrient Cycling 土壤养分元素循环
10
Definition of parent material 母质是风化壳(weathering crust)的表层，是指原生基 岩(original bedrock)经过风化、搬运、堆积等过程于地表 形成的一层疏松、最年轻的地质矿物质层，它是形成土 壤的物质基础，是土壤的前身。 风化壳是地壳表层的岩石经过风化后形成的疏松堆积物。 母质既不同于岩石：有初步肥力，颗粒分散，疏松多孔，有
成土因素的时空分异导致土壤演化持续进行
5
地带性土壤（Zonalsoils）
At the regional and global scale, climate and biota will have a dominant influence on soil formation, and soil types can be related in general terms to bioclimatic zones. The remaining factors will then account for variations in soil formation within a particular bioclimatic zone.
成土因素学说 In later nineteenth -century Russia, V.V. Dokuchaev originally identified the principal soilforming factors as climate, biota, parent material, relief and landscape age.
1Baidu Nhomakorabea
7.Soil Formation and Development
土壤形成和发育
7.1 Soil-forming factors and its functions
土壤形成因素及其在土壤发生中的作用
7.2 Pedogenic processes
土壤形成过程
7.3 Soil development
土壤发育
成土因素具有同等重要性和不可替代性
The soil-forming factors operate in combination. It is no tpossible to rank them in order of importance – they are all equally important, although within any one environment certain factors may have a more dominant influence on soil formation than others.
climate 气候 organisms 生物 relief 地形 parent material 母质 time 时间 human active 人为活动
4
Clorpt 函数 式
成土因素学说的基本原理
土壤是成土因素综合作用的结果
The operation of pedogenic processesis controlled by a number of environmental factors operating through the medium of time and that these determine the type of soil produced in any particular location.
accumulation
Parentmaterial（母质）
（pedogenic processes） Parent material is main mineral sources of soil formation, and its nature is fundamental to many soil characteristics.
6
全球土壤-植被景观图
7
全球气温时空变化对土壤形成的影响
8
全球降水量时空变化对土壤形成的影响
9
7.1.2 母质(Parent material)对土壤发生的作用
Surfacerock
weathering
Weatheringcrust（风化壳）
Soil
Organisms active and
organic matter
3
The influence of environment factors on soil formation was considered in a more systematic manner following the work of Jenny(1941).
Soil =f (cl, o, r, p, t, (h)······)
红壤
2
7.1 Soil-forming factors and its functions
土壤形成因素及其在土壤发生中的作用 7.1.1 Soil-forming factors土壤形成因素 又称成土因素，是影响土壤形成和发育的基本 因素，它是一种物质、力、条件或关系或它们的组 合，其已经对土壤形成发生影响或将影响土壤的形 成。
SOIL ENVIRONMENTAL PROCESSES 土壤环境过程
7.SoilFormation and Development 土壤形成和发育 8.Soil Colloidal Chemistry and Surface Reaction 土壤胶体化学和表面反应 9.Soil Acidity/Alkalinity and Re-dox Reaction 土壤酸碱性和氧化还原反应 10.Soil Nutrient Cycling 土壤养分元素循环