if条件句讲解及练习

if条件句讲解及练习

撰稿：胡秋明审稿：赵克险责编：白雪雁

本单元语法讲解

一、 will 和be going to 表示推测、揣想

will 更强调依据直觉、知识和经验做出的推测。例如：

This will be the house you are looking for.

You will be in time if you hurry.

be going to 更强调依据当时可以观察到的证据、事实做出的推测。例如：

Look at those clouds. I think it is going to rain.

--- Watch out! He is going to hit that ball again.

---It's going to be a very interesting movie.

二、含if的真实条件句和虚拟条件句

（1）在英语中，语气是动词的一种形式，用来表示说话人的意图或态度。

英语的语气有三种：陈述语气（表示所说的话是事实），祈使语气（表示所说的话是请求或命令）和虚拟语气（表示所说的话只是一种主观的愿望或假设或建议等）。

如果所表示的条件是真实的，或者完全有可能实现的，叫真实条件句，主句和从句的谓语都用陈述语气。如：

If she doesn’t hurry up, she will miss the first bus.

如果所表示的条件不可能实现或者实现的可能性很小时，叫非真实条件句，主句和从句

If I were you, I would not let out the secret.

如果我是你的话，我不会泄露这个秘密的。

If I knew his new address, I would tell you.

如果我知道他的新地址，我会告诉你的。

If he studied harder, he would pass the exam.

如果他学习再努力点的话，他会通过考试的。

If we had made fuller preparation, we should have won the game.

如果我们做了更充分的准备的话，我们肯定就赢了这场比赛。

If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have been late for the meeting.

如果你听了我的建议，你开会就不会迟到了。

If she were to/should come, I would tell her the secret.

万一她来的话，我会告诉她这个秘密。

（2）省略if的虚拟条件句

在含有were, had, 或者should 等词的虚拟条件句中，可以省略if, 将were, had或者should这些助动词放在句首。如：

Were I you, I would not let out the secret.

Had we made fuller preparation, we should have won the game.

Had you taken my advice, you wouldn’t have been late for the meeting.

Should she come, I would tell her the secret.

高一语法练习（四）预测、if条件句及虚拟语气

一、单项选择

1. If I _____ where he lived, I _____ a note to him.

A. know, would have sent

B. had known, would have sent

C. know, would send

D. knew, would have sent

2. Mary is ill today. If she _____, she _____ absent from school.

A. were not ill; wouldn’t be

B. had been ill; wouldn’t have been

C. had been ill; should have been

D. hadn’t been ill; could be

3. He acted as if he _____ everything in the world.

A. knew

B. knows

C. has known

D. won't know

4. If you had enough money, what _____?

A. will you buy

B. would you buy

C. would you have bought

D. will you have bought

5. If Mr. Young _____ with justice, he _____ such a wrong thing.

A. were treated; wouldn’t do

B. had been treated; wouldn’t have done

C. were treated; wouldn’t have done

D. had been treated; wouldn’t do

6. What _____ if there _____ no light during the day?

A. will happen; was

B. would happen; is

C. happens; were

D. would happen; were

7. The spokesman acted that way as if he _____ anything about the accident but actually

he did.

A. doesn’t hear

B. didn’t hear

C. haven’t heard

D. hadn’t heard

8. If it _____ not for the fact that you _____ ill now, I would surely punish you.