2020一模考试卷子答案
2020年中考一模测试《英语试卷》含答案
英语中考模拟测试学校________ 班级________ 姓名________ 成绩________一、单项填空(10小题,每小题1分,共10分)(小题变为10小题,分值减少5分)从每小题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项.1. Everybody should make _____ effort to reduce pollution and create a clean environment.A.a B.an C.the D.不填2.—I remember ______ you about it once.—Yes, you told me that on my birthday.A.to tell B.tell C.told D.telling3. —It's ten years since we came here.—How time flies! We ____ in China for so long.A. workB. workedC. will workD. have worked4. —Oh, my god! I have ________ three pounds.—Don’t worry. It’s common for a growing teenager.A.put on B.put off C.put up D.put down5. Shanghai is a great place for those ______ want to go after their dreams.A.which B.whom C.who D.what6. The living room becomes ____________as the sunlight comes in through the windows.A.bigger B.cleaner C.quieter D.brighter7. —Have you got________ ready for the get-together. Dad?—Well,we still have to get another five chairs.A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing8. — What’s your present for our daughter’s birthday?— It’s a ________. I want to give her a surprise.A.plan B.dress C.card D.secret9. I am not allowed to ________the TV to watch my favourite programs before finishing my homework. A.turn on B.turn down C.turn off D.turn up10.— Have you got the time?—__________We must go now.A.Yes, I have.B.Yes, I do.C.It’s 9 o’ clock.D.Have a good time!二、完形填空(20小题,每小题1分,共20分)(分值由每小题1.5分调整为1分,减少10分)阅读下列短文, 从每小题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个最佳选项.AEveryone needs friends. We can share 11 with our friends and 12 them for help when we are in trouble. In a word, it is nice to have a friend to talk, laugh and do things with. Certainly, sometimes we need to be 13 so we don’t always want people around. But we would feel worse if we never had a friend.To make friends, you need to be a 14 person who often wears smiles. A smile always makes the others like you. Smile at someone and you are sure to get a smile back from him. Try to 15 names. It makes your new friends feel happy when you call them by their names, 16 you don’t forget them.No two people are just the same. If you don’t agree with other people, you should still be friendly. Do not argue, but discuss. You always 17 friends if you argue too much. And you should think more of others than of yourself. It’s good for 18 to have one or a group of good friends. This is very important in children’s growing up, because friends can discuss things which are too difficult to say to their family members.There’s more 19 news for people who have friends. They live longer than people who don’t have. Why? It could be that they are happier. Being happy helps you stay well and it could be good just knowing that someone 20 about you.11.A.risks B.secrets C.wealth D.skills12.A.turn down B.turn to C.call back D.call off13.A.afraid B.active C.angry D.alone14.A.cheerful B.careful C.powerful D.useful15.A.forget B.remember C.change D.use16.A.if B.so C.until D.because17.A.meet B.make C.lose D.help18.A.teenagers B.adults C.strangers D.visitors19.A.good B.awful C.hard D.easy20.A.talks B.thinks C.cares D.worriesBOnce upon a time, there was a king. He was famous for his kindness. His people 21 him and were proud of him. Once, the king decided to build a palace on the river bank. In a few days the palace was ready. And the minister( 大臣) decided to take a final look 22 he showed the king the palace.“Great!” the minister said, looking at the palace. Then 23 his eyes fell on a small old house near the palace gate. “What’s this house doing here?” shouted the minister. “Sir, it 24 to an old woman,” replied a soldier(士兵).The minister walked up to the 25 and spoke to the old lady.“ I want to buy your house,” he said. “I am sorry, sir. My house is more expensive to me than my life,” the old lady said.The minister tried to tell the old lady that her house would spoil(破坏) the 26 of the new palace. But the old lady 27 to sell her house to the king. The 28 was then taken to the king.The king thought 29 a while, and then said, “Let the old lady have her house. It will only add to the beauty of the new palace. Let us not forget something that seems ugly to us may be 30 to someone else.”21.A.visited B.left C.loved D.hated22.A.before B.after C.since D.until23.A.slowly B.suddenly C.early D.happily24.A.decides B.hopes C.wants D.belongs25.A.house B.river C.hill D.palace26.A.shape B.nature C.beauty D.direction27.A.kept B.refused C.suggested D.liked28.A.story B.matter C.idea D.job29.A.in B.on C.at D.for30.A.popular B.boring C.valuable D.terrible三、阅读理解(20小题,每小题2分,共40分)(由5篇文章调整为6篇文章,题型和分值都不变)阅读下列短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项.AWelcome to the Electronic Town to find new ways of English teaching and learning.9:00 am to 10:00 amTEO2:00 pm to 3:00 pmRoom 505Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same interest to learn on-line. The presenter will use examples from his first on-line class to explain how any teacher can begin teaching on-line with TEO.10:30 am to 11:30 amNearpod3:30 pm to 4:20 pmRoom 605Uses of Nearpod in listening and speaking courses draw students’ attention to speaking more fluently(流利地). The presenter will show how students can use Kahoot to confidently introduce their family, friends hobbies and etc.31.Kahoot can be used to _________.A.offer grammar tests B.teach listening on-lineC.help vocabulary learning D.gain fluency in speaking 32.Which of the following can help you improve your grammar?A.Prezi.B.TEO.C.Kahoot.D.Nearpod. 33.If you want to improve your speaking skills, you can go to __________. A.Room 503B.Room 505C.Room 603D.Room 605BA nose is a part of the face. Without the nose, we could not breathe or smell.Many people think a large nose shows a man is brave and wise. Man’s nose has an important role in his imagination. Man has mentioned the nose is many ways to express his feelings. Expressions concerning the nose describe the human weakness, anger, pride, jealousy and hate.In English there are a number of phrases about the nose. For example, to hold up one’s nose expresses a basic human feelings — pride. People can hold up their noses at people, things and places.The phrase, to be led around by the nose, shows a man’s weakness. A person who is led around by the nose lets other people control him. On the other hand, a person who follows his nose lets his instinct (本能) guide him.For the human feeling of anger, the phrase, to have one’s nose put out of joint, is very descriptive. The expression relates to persons who have been turned aside because of a rival (对手). Their pride is hurt and they feel unaccepted.There are a number of others. The nose is more than an organ (器官) for breathing and smelling!34.The phrase “to hold up one’s nose” means that one feels_______.A.proud B.angry C.weak D.hateful35.Which kind of people follows his nose?A.The one who won’t take other people’s advice.B.The one who is easily controlled by others.C.The one who lets his instinct guide him.D.The one who is so angry.36.What does the nose express according to the passage?A.Fresh air.B.A pretty face.C.People’s hometown.D.People’s different feelings.CRecently, HUAWEI, one of China's best high-tech companies, has launched(发布) an app called StorySign, that will make it easier for deaf children to read stories.Some AI skills from HUAWEI are used in the app. They help deaf children read by turning written text into sign language. A character called Star in the app makes it easier to use the app.Users can also choose a book from the app's library that is then shown in sign language using cartoon characters. The first book on the StorySign platform(平台) is the popular children's book Spot the Dog.The developers tried to make the app's main character Star popular with both boys and girls. Star also wears ahearing aid(助听器).“We created StorySign to make it possible for families with deaf children to enjoy an exciting story time,” said Andrew Garrihy, Huawei's CMO for Western Europe. “We hope that by reminding people to understand deaf children better, they'll be encouraged to support one of the charity partners we are working with across Europe.”There are about 32 million deaf children around the world. Many of them have trouble learning to read, this might because of no good way to turn written text into sign language. Now the app gives deaf children a great tool. 37.Which of the following is TRUE about the app StorySign?A.It's created by a foreign company.B.It has lots of high technology in it.C.The sign language in the app is shown by real people.D.It can't be used without a hearing aid.38.What does Star mainly help to do in the app?A.Encourage deaf children to read stories.B.Choose stories for deaf children.C.Make friends with deaf children.D.Help deaf children use the app more easily.39.What's the best title for the passage?A.Deaf Children's Problem in ReadingB.Deaf Children Around the WorldC.A Special App for Deaf ChildrenD.The Importance of Helping Deaf ChildrenDAccording to a recent study by scientists in the US, people are best at doing different things at different ages. They studied many people aged 10 to 90 years old, who were asked to take part in different memory test. The following is what they have got from the tests.“Different from what most people have believed, it seems that some of our skills become stronger as we grow old,” Syrion Goodman, one of the scientists, said, “We also find an interesting fact. That is those who do sports regularly seem to do better in our test than those who don’t.”40.According to the study, at what age do people remember new faces easily?A.When they are 18 years old.B.When they are 22 years old.C.When they are 32 years old.D.When they are 43 years old.41.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A.You can pay full attention to one thing at the age of 34.B.Your vocabulary skills are at their highest when you are 22.C.It will be difficult for you to accept failure at the age of 43.D.It’s easy for you to understand others’ feelings at the age of 18.42.How many tests did the scientists do at least?A.Four.B.Five.C.Six.D.Seven.43.According to Syrion Goodman, we can infer(推断) that __________.A.our skills will always become stronger and stronger as we grow oldB.doing sports may probably help us improve some skills as we grow oldC.most people may believe our skills become weaker when we grow oldD.we can live a much better life if we can do sports regularly in our daily lifeEWhether you play e-sports(电子竞技)or not, you might have heard of iG (Invictus Gaming), a Chinesee-sports club. On the night of Nov 3, iG beat Europe’s Fnatic club and won the 2018 League of Legends (LoL) World Championship in South Korea. It was the first time in the event’s(赛事)eight-year history that a Chineseclub won.The long-awaited victory showed how e-sports has progressed in China in recent years. A growing number of e-sports clubs have been founded in China in the last 10 years, and more young gamers are working as e-sports players. However, becoming a skillful e-sports player is not all fun and games.An e-sports player must be quick in action and able to bear hardship.They must also have a high APM which means how many actions they can do in a game within one minute. Skilled players can have an APM as high as 400.There is a limit(限制)to how long they can play this well. Skillful players’ ages are mostly from 17 to 25. After a certain age, they become slower.E-sports players have to work hard every day. “We start to practice right after we get up in the morning and usually last until midnight,” said Huang Fuquan, a player from iG. “There is at least 12 hours of work every day.”Many players practice so much that they get pains and arthritis(关节炎). They also face lots of problems. Some e-sports clubs even invite doctors to help their players.So if you want to turn your love for gaming into a full-time job, ask yourself this first: Are you really prepared?44.How long have e-sports players waited for the victory?A.For 8 years.B.For 10 years.C.For 17 years.D.For 25 years.45.There were ______ in e-sports in the last 10 years.A.more skillful and old gamers B.fewer foreign gamersC.more clubs and young gamers D.fewer full-time gamers46.An e-sports player must ______.A.be very handsome B.have a low APM C.work hard every day D.be old enough47.The passage was written to _____.A.tell people how to do sports B.describe e-sports players’ lifeC.ask more people to play e-sports D.introduce foreign e-sports clubsFTo reach your full potential (潜力), you should live like a sportsperson. To live like a sportsperson, you need to have the following things.A goal. Sportspersons know exactly what they are trying to achieve. They have a goal and work towardsachieving it. Similarly, you need to have a goal. You need to have a purpose in your life. In fact, I believe that this is the starting point. It will drive the other parts of your life.Discipline (纪律). Sportspersons are disciplined in their training. They have to do certain things whether they feel like it or not. Similarly, you need discipline in completing your tasks. Discipline will make you do what you need to do.A coach. A sportsperson needs a coach to reach his potential. The coach will help him know what to do and get him back on track (重新步入正轨) if necessary. Also, if the situation changes, the coach will come up with a new plan for him. Similarly, having a mentor (导师) will help you reach your goals faster. It might not be easy to find a mentor in real life, but you can learn from virtual (虚拟的) mentors. By reading their books and watching their interviews, you’ll know what advice they would give to you.Supporters. Just like a sportsperson needs supporters, you also need supporters. These are people who encourage you to keep going in difficult times. These are people who believe in you no matter what happens. Having supporters can make a big difference.Live like a sportsperson, and you will be on your way to reaching your full potential.48.What should one live like to reach his or her full potential?(不超过5个单词)__________________________________________49.What’s the starting point in the writer’s opinion?(不超过5个单词)__________________________________________50.Who is compared to a coach? (不超过5个单词)__________________________________________四、补全对话(5小题,每小题1分,共5分)根据对话内容,从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,其中有两个为多余选项. A: Hello, Mike! Are you free this evening?B: Yes. ______51______A: I hear Jay Chou’s concert is on at the Concert Hall this evening.B: Really? ______52______A: I’ve got two tickets for the concert. ______53______B: Certainly, I’d love to. Thanks for your invitation. ______54______A: At seven o’clock. Let’s go together.B: Great. ______55______A: At the gate of Binhu Concert Hall at 6:45.B: All right. See you then.A: See you.五、单词拼写(5小题,每小题1分,共5分)根据首字母及汉语提示,完成下列单词的拼写,使句意明确,语言通顺.56.He wants to join the English c________ (俱乐部) to improve his oral English.57.If you travel around our city, I can be a ________ (导游) for you.58.Don't close to the w________ (野生的)animals .It's dangerous.59.As the saying goes “Health is better than w________ (财富)”.60.Our teacher p________ (表扬) Yang Mei, because she did a good job.、书面表达(由25分调整为20分,共减少5分)春节,对很多同学来说,不仅意味着吃好吃的,穿新衣服以及走亲访友,更重要的是他们可以收到压岁钱.为此,班长Eric 准备了一个问卷调查,请结合他的问卷内容,写一篇短文,谈谈你对压岁钱的看法.要求:90 词左右.A survey______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________答案与解析一、单项填空(10小题,每小题1分,共10分)(小题变为10小题,分值减少5分)从每小题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个可以填入空白处的最佳选项.1. Everybody should make _____ effort to reduce pollution and create a clean environment.A.a B.an C.the D.不填【答案】B【解析】句意:每个人都应该努力减少污染,创造一个清洁的环境.考查冠词.a一个,不定冠词,用在辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,不定冠词,用在以元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表特指,根据固定搭配make an effort“作出努力”effort是以元音音素开头的单词,所以前面要用不定冠词an,故选B.2.—I remember ______ you about it once.—Yes, you told me that on my birthday.A.to tell B.tell C.told D.telling【答案】D【解析】句意:——关于它我记得我曾经告诉过你.——是的,你在我的生日告诉我的.考查非谓语动词.to tell 告诉,动词不定式;tell告诉,动词原形;told告诉,动词过去式;telling告诉,动名词,根据固定搭配remember doing sth记得做过某事(强调做过的事);remember to do sth记得去做某物(未做的事),根据所给空后面的you about it once可知,应该是曾经告诉过你,故选D.3. —It's ten years since we came here.—How time flies! We ____ in China for so long.A. workB. workedC. will workD. have worked【答案】D【解析】句意:-自从我们来到这里已经有10年了.-时间过得真快啊!我们在中国工作了这么长时间了.work 工作,动词原形;worked工作,一般过去时;will work一般将来时;have worked现在完成时.根据对话的情景以及句中的时间状语for so long可知,这里表示从过去一直持续到现在的一个动作,应用现在完成时,故选D.4. —Oh, my god! I have ________ three pounds.—Don’t worry. It’s common for a growing teenager.A.put on B.put off C.put up D.put down【答案】A【解析】句意:——哦,天哪!我增重了三磅.——别担心.这对一个成长中的青少年来说很常见.考查动词短语.put on增加(体重);put off推迟;put up张贴;put down放下.答句中讲“这对一个成长中的青少年来说很常见”,结合空后“three pounds”可知此处是说体重增加了三磅,用put on符合题意.5. Shanghai is a great place for those ______ want to go after their dreams.A.which B.whom C.who D.what【答案】C【解析】句意:上海对于那些想追逐梦想的人是个一个好地方.考查定语从句.which哪个,指物;whom谁,指人,宾格;who谁,指人,主格;what什么,不能引导定语从句.根据句子结构可知,此句是定语从句,代词those为先行词,指“追逐梦想的人”,因此此空指人,并且在从句中作主语.故选C.6. The living room becomes ____________as the sunlight comes in through the windows.A.bigger B.cleaner C.quieter D.brighter【答案】D【解析】句意:当阳光透过窗户照进来时,客厅变得更加明亮.考查形容词的比较级.A. bigger更大的;B. cleaner更干净的;C. quieter更安静的;D. brighter更明亮的.根据as the sunlight comes in through the windows.可知,当阳光透过窗户照进来的时候,客厅会变得更加明亮,故答案选D.7. —Have you got________ ready for the get-together. Dad?—Well,we still have to get another five chairs.A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing【答案】A【解析】句意:——你为联欢会做好准备了吗,爸爸?——嗯,我们还得再买五把椅子.考查不定代词.everything 所有的事,一切事;something某事,某物;anything任何事情;nothing没有事情,什么都没有.根据答语“我们还得再买五把椅子”,可以推断,上一句是在问联欢会每件事情都准备好了吗?故选A.8. — What’s your present for our daughter’s birthday?— It’s a ________. I want to give her a surprise.A.plan B.dress C.card D.secret【答案】D【解析】句意:——你给我们女儿买了什么生日礼物?——这是个秘密.我想给她一个惊喜.考查名词.plan计划;dress连衣裙;card卡;secret秘密;根据“I want to give her a surprise.”可知想给她一个惊喜,可推测出此处是“秘密”,故选D.9. I am not allowed to ________the TV to watch my favourite programs before finishing my homework.A.turn on B.turn down C.turn off D.turn up【答案】A【解析】句意:在完成作业之前,我不被允许打开电视看我最喜欢的节目.考查动词词组.turn on打开;turn down调低;turn off关掉;turn up调高;根据“ before finishing my homework.”可知在完成作业之前,可推测出“不被允许打开电视”,所以此处是“打开”,故选A.10.— Have you got the time?—__________We must go now.A.Yes, I have.B.Yes, I do.C.It’s 9 o’ clock.D.Have a good time!【答案】C【解析】句意:——你知道现在几点了吗?——9点了.我们现在必须走了.考查情景交际.Yes, I have情态动词为have的肯定回答;Yes,I do含有助动词的肯定回答;It's 9 o'clock9点;Have a good time玩得开心.根据问题问几点,可知应回答具体时间点.故选C.二、完形填空(20小题,每小题1分,共20分)(分值由每小题1.5分调整为1分,减少10分)阅读下列短文, 从每小题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个最佳选项.AEveryone needs friends. We can share 11 with our friends and 12 them for help when we are in trouble. In a word, it is nice to have a friend to talk, laugh and do things with. Certainly, sometimes we need to be 13 so we don’t always want people around. But we would feel worse if we never had a friend.To make friends, you need to be a 14 person who often wears smiles. A smile always makes the others like you. Smile at someone and you are sure to get a smile back from him. Try to 15 names. It makes your new friends feel happy when you call them by their names, 16 you don’t forget them.No two people are just the same. If you don’t agree with other people, you should still be friendly. Do not argue, but discuss. You always 17 friends if you argue too much. And you should think more of others than of yourself. It’s good for 18 to have one or a group of good friends. This is very important in children’s growing up, because friends can discuss things which are too difficult to say to their family members.There’s more 19 news for people who have friends. They live longer than people who don’t have. Why? It could be that they are happier. Being happy helps you stay well and it could be good just knowing thatsomeone 20 about you.11.A.risks B.secrets C.wealth D.skills12.A.turn down B.turn to C.call back D.call off13.A.afraid B.active C.angry D.alone14.A.cheerful B.careful C.powerful D.useful15.A.forget B.remember C.change D.use16.A.if B.so C.until D.because17.A.meet B.make C.lose D.help18.A.teenagers B.adults C.strangers D.visitors19.A.good B.awful C.hard D.easy20.A.talks B.thinks C.cares D.worries【解析】文章大意:这篇短文主要论述了朋友在我们生活中的重要性以及如何交朋友的问题.11.句意:我们可以和朋友们分享秘密,并在我们有麻烦的时候向他们寻求帮助.risks风险;secrets秘密;wealth财富;skills技术.share sth. with sb.与某人分享某事,结合选项可知应是和朋友分享秘密.故选B.12.句意:我们可以和朋友们分享秘密,并在我们有麻烦的时候向他们寻求帮助.turn down拒绝;turn to求助于;call back回电;call off取消.根据题干中“for help when we are in trouble”可推出此处说可以求助于朋友们,用turn to符合题意.故选B.13.句意:当然,有时候我们需要独处,所以我们不希望总是有人在身边.afraid害怕的;active活跃的;angry生气的;alone单独的.根据题干中“so we don’t always want people around”可知我们不希望总有人在身边,由此可知是偶尔需要独自一个人,用alone符合题意.故选D.14.句意:要交朋友,你需要成为一个经常面带微笑的快乐的人.cheerful快乐的;careful仔细的;powerful强有力的;useful有用的.根据题干中“who often wears smiles”表示经常带着微笑的人,由此可知是要成为一个快乐的人.故选A.15.句意:尽力记住名字.forget忘记;remember记住;change改变;use使用.根据下文“It makes your new friends feel happy when you call them by their names....you don’t forget them.”叫新朋友的名字能使他们高兴,你没有忘记他们的名字.由此可知是要记住名字,用remember.故选B.16.句意:当你叫他们的名字时,你的新朋友会感到高兴,因为你没有忘记他们.if如果;so因此;until直到……为止;because因为.高兴是因为没有被忘记,前后是因果关系,用because 引导原因状语从句.故选D.17.句意:如果你争论得太多,你总是会失去朋友.meet遇见;make friends交朋友;lose失去;help帮助.根据上文“Do not argue, but discuss.”劝告人们不要争吵,结合常识可知争论太多会失去朋友,用lose符合题意.故选C.18.句意:青少年有一个或一群好朋友是很好的.teenagers青少年;adults成年人;strangers陌生人;visitors游客.根据下文“This is very important in children’s growing up”讲这对孩子们的成长很重要,可推出此处是说青少年.故选A.19.句意:对于那些有朋友的人来说,还有更多的好消息.good好的;awful可怕的;hard困难的;easy容易的.根据下文“They live longer than people who don’t have.”提到有朋友的人更长寿,可知此处是说好消息,用good符合题意.故选A.20.句意:快乐能帮你保持健康,知道有人关心你是件好事.talks about谈论;thinks about考虑;cares about关心;worries about担心.结合常识可知朋友会关心你,用cares符合题意.故选C.BOnce upon a time, there was a king. He was famous for his kindness. His people 21 him and were proud of him. Once, the king decided to build a palace on the river bank. In a few days the palace was ready. And the minister( 大臣) decided to take a final look 22 he showed the king the palace.“Great!” the minister said, looking at the palace. Then 23 his eyes fell on a small old house near the palace gate. “What’s this house doing here?” shouted the minister. “Sir, it 24 to an old woman,” replied a soldier(士兵).The minister walked up to the 25 and spoke to the old lady.“ I want to buy your house,” he said. “I am sorry, sir. My house is more expensive to me than my life,” the old lady said.The minister tried to tell the old lady that her house would spoil(破坏) the 26 of the new palace. But the old lady 27 to sell her house to the king. The 28 was then taken to the king.The king thought 29 a while, and then said, “Let the old lady have her house. It will only add to the beauty of the new palace. Let us not forget something that seems ugly to us may be 30 to someone else.”21.A.visited B.left C.loved D.hated22.A.before B.after C.since D.until23.A.slowly B.suddenly C.early D.happily24.A.decides B.hopes C.wants D.belongs25.A.house B.river C.hill D.palace26.A.shape B.nature C.beauty D.direction27.A.kept B.refused C.suggested D.liked28.A.story B.matter C.idea D.job29.A.in B.on C.at D.for30.A.popular B.boring C.valuable D.terrible【解析】这篇短文主要讲述了一个善良的国王在河边建造了一个宫殿,大臣们觉得宫殿旁边的小屋与宫殿极不协调,于是试图说服老妇人把小屋卖给国王,但善良的国王却允许老妇人留下这个小屋.21.句意:他的臣民非常的爱他和以他为骄傲.visited参观;left离开;loved爱;hated讨厌.根据上文“Once upon a time, there was a king. He was famous for his kindness.”可知此处是“他的臣民们很爱他”.根据语境,故选C.22.句意:在那位大臣出示给国王那个宫殿之前,他决定在最后看一看.before在……之前;after在……之后;since自从;until直到.根据“And the minister( 大臣) decided to take a final look”可知此处是“在出示给国王那个宫殿之前”,根据题意,故选A.23.句意:那时突然他的目光落在了宫殿大门附近的一个小旧房子上.slowly慢地;suddenly突然;early早地;happily高兴地.根据“his eyes fell on a small old house near the palace gate.”可知,此处是“突然目光落到一个小旧房子上”.根据题意语境.故选B.24.句意:一个士兵回答:“它属于一位老妇人的”.decides决定;hopes希望;wants想;belongs属于.根据上文““What’s this house doing here?” shouted the minister.”可知此处是“它属于一位老妇人的”,短语belong to sb.属于某人.根据语境,故选D.25.句意:那位大臣走向那个房子,对那位老人说:“我想买你的房子”.house房子;river河;hill山;palace 宫殿.根据“and spoke to the old lady.“ I want to buy your house,””可知上文是“走向那个房子”,根据语境,故选A.26.句意:国王设法告诉老人她的房子会破坏新宫殿的美.shape形状;nature自然;beauty漂亮;direction方向.根据“the old lady that her house would spoil(破坏)”可知,此处是“她的房子会破坏新宫殿的美”.根据题意,故选C.27.句意:但是那位老人拒绝把她的房子卖给国王.kept保持;refused拒绝;suggested建议;liked喜欢.根据下文“The___8___was then taken to the king.”可知此处是“那位老人拒绝把她的房子卖给国王”.根据题意,故选B.28.句意:这件事情后来传到了国王那里.story对不起;matter事情;idea主意;.job工作.根据上文“The minister tried to tell the old lady that her house would spoil(破坏) the ___6___of the new palace. But the old lady___7___to sell her house to the king.”可知,此处是“这件事情”.根据语境,故选B.29.句意:那个国王想了一会儿.in在……里面;on在……上;at在……;for为了.根据下文“and then said, “Let the old lady have her house.”可知,上文是“那个国王想了一会儿”.for+一段时间;for a while一会儿.很据语境,故选D.30.句意:让我们不要忘记那些对于我们来说丑陋的东西对于别人来说可能是有价值的东西.popular受欢迎的;boring无聊的;valuable有价值的;terrible糟糕的.根据“something that seems ugly to us”可知此处是“对于我们来说丑陋的东西对于别人来说可能是有价值的东西”,根据语境,故选C.三、阅读理解(20小题,每小题2分,共40分)(由5篇文章调整为6篇文章,题型和分值都不变)阅读下列短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项.AWelcome to the Electronic Town to find new ways of English teaching and learning.9:00 am to 10:00 amTEO2:00 pm to 3:00 pmRoom 505Our students come from different backgrounds but have the same interest to learn on-line. The presenter will use examples from his first on-line class to explain how any teacher can begin teaching on-line with TEO.10:30 am to 11:30 am3:30 pm to 4:20 pmRoom 605Uses of Nearpod in listening and speakingcourses draw students’ attention to speaking morefluently(流利地). The presenter will show howstudents can use Kahoot to confidently introduce theirfamily, friends hobbies and etc.31.Kahoot can be used to _________.A.offer grammar tests B.teach listening on-lineC.help vocabulary learning D.gain fluency in speaking32.Which of the following can help you improve your grammar?A.Prezi.B.TEO.C.Kahoot.D.Nearpod.33.If you want to improve your speaking skills, you can go to __________.A.Room 503B.Room 505C.Room 603D.Room 605【解析】文章大意:本文主要介绍了电子城镇项目里为人们介绍的四种学习或教授英语的方法:Nearpod,TEO,Kahoot,Prezi.主要介绍了介绍每种方法的时间、地点及大概内容几方面.31.细节理解题.根据“Kahoot is a software program that creates a rich context for students to learn vocabulary.”可知Kahoot可被用来为学生创造丰富的学习词汇的语境,能帮助学生们学习词汇.故选C.32.细节理解题.根据“Prezi software can be used to create grammar tests which can be graded on a network.”可知Prezi软件被用来创建语法测试,能帮助人学习语法.故选A.33.细节理解题.根据“Uses of Nearpod in listening and speaking courses draw students’ attention to speaking more fluently.”可知使用Nearpod能帮助学生们说流利的英语,即能提高学生的英语口语技巧,结合地点信息“Room 605”可知可以去605房间.故选D.BA nose is a part of the face. Without the nose, we could not breathe or smell.Many people think a large nose shows a man is brave and wise. Man’s nose has an important role in his imagination. Man has mentioned the nose is many ways to express his feelings. Expressions concerning the nose describe the human weakness, anger, pride, jealousy and hate.。
(审核版)山东省潍坊市2020届高三一模(潍坊一模)试题及答案(含答案解析).doc
保密★启用前试卷类型:A2020年高考模拟考试高三语文2020.3 注意事项:1.本试题分为选择题和非选择题两部分,共9页。
时间150分钟,满分150分。
2.务必将自己的班级、姓名、座号、考号填涂在答题卡的相应位置。
第Ⅰ卷(共36分)一、(15分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
晚风徐来,轻轻地滑过树稍、草尖,树们、草们就腰脊.闪晃,摇曳..着缥缈的梦。
河水迤逦着金色的光,浪花拍击着堤岸的碎石,弹奏着(清纯/清醇)的音符,唱着欢快的歌谣;还有鸟儿的鸣啾.与狗吠、牛哞、羊唤一起喧响,构成了草原的绝唱。
薄薄的雾气氤氲.,轻拂着盘树的虬枝,清丽的河水充盈着①。
两岸茂密绵延的红柳,烂漫成了火焰,尽情燃放,(显示/昭示)着生命的倔强与执着。
星星点点,灯火亮起。
归牧的牛羊走在回家的路上,②。
劳做..的乡民们陆陆续续地收了工,一天的忙碌与疲惫..画上了句号。
人们荷.锄背草,扛袋提筐,脸上挂着串串晶莹的汗珠,洋溢..着对美好生活的(憧憬/希望)。
1.文中加点字的注音和加点词语的字形,都正确的一项是A.脊(jǐ)摇曳B.啾(jiū)劳做C.氲(wēn)疲惫D.荷(hé)洋溢2.依次选用文中括号里的词语,最恰当的一项是A.清纯昭示憧憬B.清醇显示憧憬C.清醇昭示希望D.清纯显示希望3.在文中两处横线上依次填入语句,最恰当的一项是A.①泥土的味道、花草的味道、岁月沉淀的味道②动听的诗行在阵阵蹄声中奏出B.①岁月沉淀的味道、泥土的味道、花草的味道②阵阵蹄声奏出动听的诗行C.①泥土的味道、花草的味道、岁月沉淀的味道②阵阵蹄声奏出动听的诗行D.①岁月沉淀的味道、泥土的味道、花草的味道②动听的诗行在阵阵蹄声中奏出4.下列各句中,加点的成语使用正确的一项是A.一些农村地区的精神文化生活单调,聚众赌博已经蔚然成风....,这无疑会给新农村建设带来巨大的阻碍和危害。
B.目前在通讯行业只有中国移动、中国联通和中国电信三家分庭抗礼....,形成了三足鼎立的市场竞争格局。
2020年中考语文一模试卷含解析
江苏省无锡市滨湖区2020年中考语文一模试卷一、积累与运用(共26分)1.根据课文默写。
(8分)①_______________________,思而不学则殆。
(《论语》十二章)②_______________________,志在干里。
(曹操《龟虽寿》)③几处早莺争暖树,_______________________。
(白居易《钱塘湖春行》)④野芳发而幽香,_______________________(欧阳修《醉翁亭记》⑤_______________________,只有香如故。
(陆游《算子·咏梅》)⑥不畏浮云遮望眼,_______________________。
(王安石《登飞来峰》)⑦全民阅读工程在我市全面启动之后,许多企事业单位建设千家阅读窗口,那景象真可谓“_______________________,_______________________”。
(用《白雪歌送武判官归京的两句诗填空。
)2.根据拼音写汉字。
(3分)chi()热 jian()默不屑置bian()3.下列句中加点词语使用不正确的一项是()(2分)A.前往俄罗斯、蒙古、朝鲜的旅游线路是驴们梦寐以求....的体验路线。
B.陈明在学校辩论会上引经据典、断章取义....,赢得了听众们的阵阵掌声。
C.明明不懂美术,他却把许多名大字画挂在了办公室里,被人们讥笑为附庸风雅....。
D.敬业乐群....,是这支教师团队不断取得新成绩的主要原因。
4.下列句子顺序排恰当的一项是()(2分)①人们已认识到,家风是一辈又一辈先人生活的结晶,所以要向后代传递出正能量。
②古人撰写在门框上的“忠厚传家久”“持家尊古训就是种传统的家风③俗话说:“龙生龙;凤生,老鼠的儿子会打洞。
”是对古今家风的一种诠释。
④家风就是家庭的风气,它是一个家庭的传统和文化⑤而今父母懂规矩,知书达理,有这样良好的文化氛围,唇自会获得很好的熏陶。
A.④①③②⑤B.④③①②⑤C.④①②⑤③D.④②⑤③①5.下列文学文化常识表述有错误的一项是()(3分)A.“迁”是表示中国古代官吏调动、升贬的常用词语。
2020年高考理科综合一模试卷(附答案)
2020年高考理科综合一模试卷(附答案)本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分。
38小题。
考试时间150分钟,满分300分。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共126分)注意事项:1.答题前,考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、考号、座位号填写清楚。
请认真核准姓名、考号、座位号和科目。
2.每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑,如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号,在试题卷上作答无效.........。
3.第Ⅰ卷共21题,每小题6分,共126分。
以下数据可供解题时参考:可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16 Na-23 Cl-35.5 S-32 Fe-56一、选择题(本题共13小题,每小题6分,在每小题的四个选项中只有一项是符合要求,)1.蛋白质是生命活动的主要承担者,构成蛋白质的多肽链有链状和环状之分,则下列叙述正确的是A.人镰刀型细胞贫血症是通过蛋白质间接表现,苯丙酮尿症是通过蛋白质直接表现B.蛋白质合成只需要作为模板的mRNA和作为氨基酸运载工具的tRNAC.病毒自身蛋白质合成需在活细胞中进行,病毒自身提供原料,宿主提供能量D.某蛋白质由M个氨基酸组成,含有N条多肽链,但不能确定该蛋白质内的肽键数2.下列关于叶绿体和线粒体比较的叙述,正确的是A.二者都与细胞的能量代谢有关,都含有少量染色体B.[H]在叶绿体中随水的分解而产生,在线粒体中随水的生成而产生C.线粒体内产生的CO2到达相邻细胞的叶绿体用于光合作用至少需要通过6层生物膜D.叶绿体中发生CO2→C3→C6H12O6的变化,线粒体中发生C6H12O6→C3→CO2的变化,两过程中的C3为同一种物质3.如图甲为渗透作用装置吸水示意图,图乙表示图甲中液面上升的高度与时间的关系,图丙表示成熟植物细胞在某外界溶液中的一种状态(此时细胞有活性)。
下列相关叙述中,错误的是( )A. 图甲中渗透作用的发生需要两个条件:有半透膜c及a与b之间具有浓度差B. 图乙中液面不能一直上升的原因是半透膜两侧的溶液浓度相等C.图丙中③④⑤组成原生质层D.如果丙细胞没有细胞壁支持,置于清水中也会发生吸水涨破的现象4.下列关于生物实验操作、实验结果、实验现象及原理的描述中,正确的是( )A.探究胚芽鞘的感光部位,可将胚芽鞘分别置于单侧光下和无光环境中进行实验B.检测生物组织中的还原糖、蛋白质和鉴定DNA都需要进行水浴加热C.用纸层析法分离绿叶中的色素时,橙黄色的色素带距离所画滤液细线最远D.秋水仙素能诱导染色体数目加倍的原理在于抑制染色体着丝点分裂5.某小岛上生活着两种棕榈科植物。
2020年中考数学一模试卷【答案+解析】
2020年中考数学一模试卷一、选择题(本大题共10个小题,每小题3分,共30分,每小题均有四个选项,其中只有一项符合题目要求)1.(3分)4的算术平方根是()A.4B.2C.±2D.±42.(3分)下列图形中,既是轴对称图形又是中心对称图形的是()A.B.C.D.3.(3分)PM2.5是指大气中直径不大于0.0000025米的颗粒物,将0.0000025用科学记数法表示为()A.2.5×105B.2.5×106C.2.5×10﹣5D.2.5×10﹣64.(3分)方程x2﹣3x+2=0的解是()A.x1=1,x2=2B.x1=﹣1,x2=﹣2C.x1=1,x2=﹣2D.x1=﹣1,x2=25.(3分)下列计算正确的是()A.x3+x2=x5B.x3•x2=x5C.x6÷x2=x3D.(x3)2=x5 6.(3分)如图是由几个相同的小正方体组成的一个几何体,若该几何体的俯视图的面积为5,则这个几何体的主视图的面积为()A.3B.4C.5D.67.(3分)已知点A(2,m),B(﹣1,6)在反比例函数y=的图象上,则m的值为()A.﹣3B.﹣6C.3D.68.(3分)将二次函数y=x2的图象先向左平移2个单位,再向上平移3个单位,得到的二次函数的表达式为()A.y=2x2+3B.y=﹣2x2﹣3C.y=(x﹣2)2﹣3D.y=(x+2)2+3 9.(3分)如图,在周长为12cm的▱ABCD中,AB<AD,AC、BD相交于点O,OE⊥BD交AD于E,则△ABE的周长为()A.4cm B.5cm C.6cm D.7cm10.(3分)如图,⊙O的半径为5,OC垂直弦AB于点C,OC=3,则弦AB的长为()A.4B.5C.6D.8二、填空题(本大题共4个小题,每小题4分,共16分)11.(4分)分式方程=的解为.12.(4分)已知点P1(﹣2,y1),P2(2,y2)在二次函数y=(x+1)2﹣2的图象上,则y1y2.(填“>”,“<”或“=”)13.(4分)如图,正方形ABCD的边长为2,BE平分∠DBC交CD于点E,将△BCE绕点C顺时针旋转90°得到△DCF,延长BE交DF于G,则BF的长为.14.(4分)如图,BC是⊙O的直径,AB、AD是⊙O的切线,若∠C=40°,则∠A的度数为.三、解答题(本大题共6个小题,共54分)15.(12分)(1)计算:2cos45°﹣|﹣|+()0﹣(﹣2)2;(2)解不等式组:.16.(6分)计算:(+)÷.17.(8分)数学活动课上,老师和学生一起去测量学校升旗台上旗杆AB的高度.如图,老师测得升旗台前斜坡AC的坡度为1:10(即AE:CE=1:10),学生小明站在离升旗台水平距离为35m(即CE=35m)处的C点,测得旗杆顶端B的仰角α=30°,已知小明身高CD=1.6m,求旗杆AB的高度.(参考数据:tan30°≈0.58,结果保留整数)18.(8分)为了解今年初四学生的数学学习情况,某校在第一轮模拟测试后,对初四全体同学的数学成绩作了统计分析,绘制如下图表:请结合图表所给出的信息解答系列问题:成绩频数频率优秀45b良好a0.3合格1050.35不合格60c (1)该校初四学生共有多少人?(2)求表中a,b,c的值,并补全条形统计图.(3)初四(一)班数学老师准备从成绩优秀的甲、乙、丙、丁四名同学中任意抽取两名同学做学习经验介绍,求恰好选中甲、乙两位同学的概率.19.(10分)如图,一次函数y=kx+b(k<0)的图象与反比例函数y=的图象都经过点A (a,4),一次函数y=kx+b(k<0)的图象经过点C(3,0),且与两坐标轴围成的三角形的面积为3.(1)求这两个函数的表达式;(2)将直线AB向下平移5个单位长度后与第四象限内的反比例函数图象交于点D,连接AD、BD,求△ADB的面积.20.(10分)如图,AB为⊙O的直径,P为BA延长线上一点,点C在⊙O上,连接PC,D为半径OA上一点,PD=PC,连接CD并延长交⊙O于点E,且E是的中点.(1)求证:PC是⊙O的切线;(2)求证:CD•DE=2OD•PD;(3)若AB=8,CD•DE=15,求P A的长.一、填空题(本大题共5个小题,每小题4分,共20分)21.(4分)已知直线y=ax+b经过点(﹣1,2),则a﹣b的值为.22.(4分)有四张正面分别标有数字﹣2,﹣6,2,6的不透明卡片,它们除数字不同外其余全部相同.现将它们背面朝上,洗匀后从中抽取一张,将该卡片上的数字记为a;不放回,再从中抽取一张,将该卡片上的数字记为b,则使关于x的不等式组的解集中有且只有3个非负整数解的概率为.23.(4分)在平面直角坐标系中,若点P(a,b)的坐标满足a=b≠0,则称点P为“对等点”.已知二次函数y=x2+mx﹣m的图象上存在两个不同的“对等点”,且这两个“对等点”关于原点对称,则m的值为.24.(4分)如图,矩形ABCD中,AB=6,AD=2,E是边CD上一点,将△ADE沿直线AE折叠得到△AFE,BF的延长线交边CD于点G,则DG的最大值为.25.(4分)如图,直线y=﹣x+b与x、y轴的正半轴交于点A,B,与双曲线y=﹣交于点C(点C在第二象限内),点D,过点C作CE⊥x轴于点E,记四边形OBCE的面积为S1,△OBD的面积为S2,若=,则b的值为.二、解答题(本大题共3个小题,共30分)26.(8分)某商场打算在年前用30000元购进一批彩灯进行销售,由于进货厂家促销,实际可以以8折的价格购进这批彩灯,结果可以比计划多购进了100盏彩灯.(1)该商场购进这种彩灯的实际进价为多少元?(2)该商场打算在实际进价的基础上,每盏灯加价50%的销售,但可能会面临滞销,因此将有20%的彩灯需要降价,以5折出售,该商场要想获利不低于15000元,应至少在购进这种彩灯多少盏?27.(10分)如图,在正方形ABCD中,点E是BC边上一点,连接AE,将△ABE绕点E 顺时针旋转得到△A1B1E,点B1在正方形ABCD内,连接AA1、BB1;(1)求证:△AA1E∽△BB1E;(2)延长BB1分别交线段AA1,DC于点F、G,求证:AF=A1F;(3)在(2)的条件下,若AB=4,BE=1,G是DC的中点,求AF的长.28.(12分)如图,已知二次函数y=ax2﹣8ax+6(a>0)的图象与x轴分别交于A、B两点,与y轴交于点C,点D在抛物线的对称轴上,且四边形ABDC为平行四边形.(1)求此抛物线的对称轴,并确定此二次函数的表达式;(2)点E为x轴下方抛物线上一点,若△ODE的面积为12,求点E的坐标;(3)在(2)的条件下,设抛物线的顶点为M,点P是抛物线的对称轴上一动点,连接PE、EM,过点P作PE的垂线交抛物线于点Q,当∠PQE=∠EMP时,求点Q到抛物线的对称轴的距离.参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(本大题共10个小题,每小题3分,共30分,每小题均有四个选项,其中只有一项符合题目要求)1.(3分)4的算术平方根是()A.4B.2C.±2D.±4【分析】如果一个非负数x的平方等于a,那么x是a的算术平方根,由此即可求出结果.【解答】解:∵22=4,∴4算术平方根为2.故选:B.2.(3分)下列图形中,既是轴对称图形又是中心对称图形的是()A.B.C.D.【分析】根据轴对称图形与中心对称图形的概念求解.【解答】解:A、不是轴对称图形,是中心对称图形,故此选项不合题意;B、是轴对称图形,不是中心对称图形,故此选项不合题意;C、是轴对称图形,是中心对称图形,故此选项符合题意;D、是轴对称图形,不是中心对称图形,故此选项不合题意;故选:C.3.(3分)PM2.5是指大气中直径不大于0.0000025米的颗粒物,将0.0000025用科学记数法表示为()A.2.5×105B.2.5×106C.2.5×10﹣5D.2.5×10﹣6【分析】绝对值小于1的正数也可以利用科学记数法表示,一般形式为a×10﹣n,与较大数的科学记数法不同的是其所使用的是负指数幂,指数由原数左边起第一个不为零的数字前面的0的个数所决定.【解答】解:0.0000025=2.5×10﹣6,故选:D.4.(3分)方程x2﹣3x+2=0的解是()A.x1=1,x2=2B.x1=﹣1,x2=﹣2C.x1=1,x2=﹣2D.x1=﹣1,x2=2【分析】把方程的左边的式子进行分解,得出两式相乘的形式,再根据“两式相乘值为0,这两式中至少有一式值为0”来解题.【解答】解:原方程可化为:(x﹣1)(x﹣2)=0∴x1=1,x2=2.故选:A.5.(3分)下列计算正确的是()A.x3+x2=x5B.x3•x2=x5C.x6÷x2=x3D.(x3)2=x5【分析】根据合并同类项,同底数幂的乘除法,幂的乘方,对各选项分析判断后利用排除法求解.【解答】解:A、x3与x2不是同类项,不能合并,原计算错误,故此选项不符合题意;B、x3•x2=x5,原计算正确,故此选项符合题意;C、x6÷x2=x4,原计算错误,故此选项不符合题意;D、(x3)2=x6,原计算错误,故此选项不符合题意.故选:B.6.(3分)如图是由几个相同的小正方体组成的一个几何体,若该几何体的俯视图的面积为5,则这个几何体的主视图的面积为()A.3B.4C.5D.6【分析】根据从正面看所得到的图形,即可得出这个几何体的主视图的面积.【解答】解:根据该几何体的俯视图的面积为5,可知每个小正方体的棱长为1,从正面看有两层,底层是三个正方形,上层是一个正方形,所以这个几何体的主视图的面积为4.故选:B.7.(3分)已知点A(2,m),B(﹣1,6)在反比例函数y=的图象上,则m的值为()A.﹣3B.﹣6C.3D.6【分析】将点A、B的坐标分别代入函数解析式,列出方程组,通过解方程组求得k、m 的值即可.【解答】解:把点A(2,m),B(﹣1,6)分别代入,得.解得k=﹣6,m=﹣3.故选:A.8.(3分)将二次函数y=x2的图象先向左平移2个单位,再向上平移3个单位,得到的二次函数的表达式为()A.y=2x2+3B.y=﹣2x2﹣3C.y=(x﹣2)2﹣3D.y=(x+2)2+3【分析】抛物线y=x2的顶点坐标为(0,0),向左平移2个单位,再向上平移3个单位,所得的抛物线的顶点坐标为(﹣2,3),根据顶点式可确定所得抛物线解析式.【解答】解:依题意可知,原抛物线顶点坐标为(0,0),平移后抛物线顶点坐标为(﹣2,3),又因为平移不改变二次项系数,所以所得抛物线解析式为:y=(x+2)2+3.故选:D.9.(3分)如图,在周长为12cm的▱ABCD中,AB<AD,AC、BD相交于点O,OE⊥BD 交AD于E,则△ABE的周长为()A.4cm B.5cm C.6cm D.7cm【分析】根据平行四边形的性质得出OB=OD,进而利用线段垂直平分线得出BE=ED,进而解答即可.【解答】解:∵四边形ABCD是平行四边形,∴OB=OD,∵OE⊥BD,∴OE是BD的线段垂直平分线,∴BE=ED,∵△ABE的周长=AB+AE+BE=AB+AE+ED=AB+AD=6cm.故选:C.10.(3分)如图,⊙O的半径为5,OC垂直弦AB于点C,OC=3,则弦AB的长为()A.4B.5C.6D.8【分析】连接OA,由垂径定理得:AC=BC,根据勾股定理,可以求出AC的长,从而得AB的长.【解答】解:如图,连接OA,∵OC⊥AB于点C,∴AC=BC,∵⊙O的半径是5,∴OA=5,又OC=3,所以在Rt△AOC中,AC===4,所以AB=2AC=8.故选:D.二、填空题(本大题共4个小题,每小题4分,共16分)11.(4分)分式方程=的解为x=2.【分析】分式方程去分母转化为整式方程,求出整式方程的解得到x的值,经检验即可得到分式方程的解.【解答】解:去分母得:5x=6x﹣2,解得:x=2,经检验x=2是分式方程的解.故答案为:x=2.12.(4分)已知点P1(﹣2,y1),P2(2,y2)在二次函数y=(x+1)2﹣2的图象上,则y1<y2.(填“>”,“<”或“=”)【分析】根据点P1、P2的横坐标结合二次函数图象上点的坐标特征,即可得出y1、y2的值,比较后即可得出结论.【解答】解:当x=﹣2时,y1=(﹣2+1)2﹣2=﹣1;当x=2时,y2=(2+1)2﹣2=7.∵﹣1<7,∴y1<y2.故答案为<.13.(4分)如图,正方形ABCD的边长为2,BE平分∠DBC交CD于点E,将△BCE绕点C顺时针旋转90°得到△DCF,延长BE交DF于G,则BF的长为6﹣2.【分析】过点E作EM⊥BD于点M,则△DEM为等腰直角三角形,根据角平分线以及等腰直角三角形的性质即可得出ME的长度,再根据正方形以及旋转的性质即可得出线段BF的长.【解答】解:过点E作EM⊥BD于点M,如图所示.∵四边形ABCD为正方形,∴∠BDC=45°,∠BCD=90°,∴△DEM为等腰直角三角形.∴EM=DE,∵BE平分∠DBC,EM⊥BD,∴EM=EC,设EM=EC=x,∵CD=2,∴DE=2﹣x,∴x=(2﹣x),解得x=4﹣2,∴CM=4﹣2,由旋转的性质可知:CF=CE=4﹣2,∴BF=BC+CF=2+4﹣2=6﹣2.故答案为:6﹣2.14.(4分)如图,BC是⊙O的直径,AB、AD是⊙O的切线,若∠C=40°,则∠A的度数为100°.【分析】连接OD,根据圆周角定理求出∠BOD,根据切线的性质得到∠ABO=90°,∠ADO=90°,根据四边形内角和等于360°计算即可.【解答】解:连接OD,由圆周角定理得,∠BOD=2∠C=80°,∵BC是⊙O的直径,AB、AD是⊙O的切线,∴OB⊥AB,OD⊥AD,∴∠ABO=90°,∠ADO=90°,∴∠A=180°﹣∠BOD=100°,故答案为:100°.三、解答题(本大题共6个小题,共54分)15.(12分)(1)计算:2cos45°﹣|﹣|+()0﹣(﹣2)2;(2)解不等式组:.【分析】(1)本题涉及零指数幂、平方、特殊角的三角函数值、绝对值、二次根式化简5个知识点.在计算时,需要针对每个知识点分别进行计算,然后根据实数的运算法则求得计算结果.(2)先求出不等式组中每一个不等式的解集,再求出它们的公共部分即可得解.【解答】解:(1)2cos45°﹣|﹣|+()0﹣(﹣2)2=2×﹣+1﹣4=﹣+1﹣4=﹣3;(2),解不等式①得x>1.5;解不等式②得x≤3.故不等式组的解集为1.5<x≤3.16.(6分)计算:(+)÷.【分析】原式括号中两项通分并利用同分母分式的加法法则计算,同时利用除法法则变形,约分即可得到结果.【解答】解:原式=•=•=.17.(8分)数学活动课上,老师和学生一起去测量学校升旗台上旗杆AB的高度.如图,老师测得升旗台前斜坡AC的坡度为1:10(即AE:CE=1:10),学生小明站在离升旗台水平距离为35m(即CE=35m)处的C点,测得旗杆顶端B的仰角α=30°,已知小明身高CD=1.6m,求旗杆AB的高度.(参考数据:tan30°≈0.58,结果保留整数)【分析】首先根据题意分析图形,本题涉及到两个直角三角形,进而求得BE、AE的大小,再利用AB=BE﹣AE可求出答案.【解答】解:作DG⊥AE于G,则∠BDG=α,则四边形DCEG为矩形.∴DG=CE=35m,EG=DC=1.6m在直角三角形BDG中,BG=DG•×tanα=35×0.58=20.3m,∴BE=20.3+1.6=21.9m.∵斜坡AC的坡比为i AC=1:10,CE=35m,∴EA=35×=3.5,∴AB=BE﹣AE=21.9﹣3.5≈18m.答:旗杆AB的高度为18m.18.(8分)为了解今年初四学生的数学学习情况,某校在第一轮模拟测试后,对初四全体同学的数学成绩作了统计分析,绘制如下图表:请结合图表所给出的信息解答系列问题:成绩频数频率优秀45b良好a0.3合格1050.35不合格60c(1)该校初四学生共有多少人?(2)求表中a,b,c的值,并补全条形统计图.(3)初四(一)班数学老师准备从成绩优秀的甲、乙、丙、丁四名同学中任意抽取两名同学做学习经验介绍,求恰好选中甲、乙两位同学的概率.【分析】(1)利用合格的人数除以该组频率进而得出该校初四学生总数;(2)利用(1)中所求,结合频数÷总数=频率,进而求出答案;(3)根据题意画出树状图,然后求得全部情况的总数与符合条件的情况数目;二者的比值就是其发生的概率.【解答】解:(1)由题意可得:该校初四学生共有:105÷0.35=300(人),答:该校初四学生共有300人;(2)由(1)得:a=300×0.3=90(人),b==0.15,c==0.2;如图所示;(3)画树形图得:∴一共有12种情况,抽取到甲和乙的有2种,∴P(抽到甲和乙)==.19.(10分)如图,一次函数y=kx+b(k<0)的图象与反比例函数y=的图象都经过点A (a,4),一次函数y=kx+b(k<0)的图象经过点C(3,0),且与两坐标轴围成的三角形的面积为3.(1)求这两个函数的表达式;(2)将直线AB向下平移5个单位长度后与第四象限内的反比例函数图象交于点D,连接AD、BD,求△ADB的面积.【分析】(1)先由一次函数y=kx+b(k<0)的图象经过点C(3,0),得出3k+b=0①,由于一次函数y=kx+b的图象与y轴的交点是(0,b),根据三角形的面积公式可求得b 的值,然后利用待定系数法即可求得函数解析式;(2)将直线AB向下平移5个单位后得到直线ED的解析式为y=﹣x﹣3,得到E(﹣,0),解方程组得到B(6,﹣2),连接AE,BE,根据三角形的面积公式即可得到结论.【解答】解:(1)∵一次函数y=kx+b(k<0)的图象经过点C(3,0),∴3k+b=0①,点C到y轴的距离是3,∵k<0,∴b>0,∵一次函数y=kx+b的图象与y轴的交点是(0,b),∴×3×b=3,解得:b=2.把b=2代入①,解得:k=﹣,则函数的解析式是y=﹣x+2.故这个函数的解析式为y=﹣x+2;把点A(a,4)代入y=﹣x+2得,4=﹣a+2,解得:a=﹣3,∴A(﹣3,4),∴m=﹣12,∴反比例函数的解析式为y=﹣;(2)∵将直线AB向下平移5个单位后得到直线ED的解析式为y=﹣x﹣3,当y=0时,即0=﹣x﹣3,解得:x=﹣,∴E(﹣,0),解得,,,∴B(6,﹣2),连接AE,BE,∵AB∥DE,∴S△ADB=S△AEB=(3+)×4+(3+)×2=.20.(10分)如图,AB为⊙O的直径,P为BA延长线上一点,点C在⊙O上,连接PC,D为半径OA上一点,PD=PC,连接CD并延长交⊙O于点E,且E是的中点.(1)求证:PC是⊙O的切线;(2)求证:CD•DE=2OD•PD;(3)若AB=8,CD•DE=15,求P A的长.【分析】(1)连接OC,OE,根据等腰三角形的性质得到∠E=∠OCE,求得∠E+∠ODE =90°,得到∠PCD=∠ODE,得到OC⊥PC,于是得到结论;(2)连接AC,BE,BC,根据相似三角形的性质得到=,推出CD•DE=AO2﹣OD2;由△ACP∽△CBP,得到,得到PD2=PD2+2PD•OD+OD2﹣OA2,于是得到结论;(3)由(2)知,CD•DE=AO2﹣OD2;把已知条件代入得到OD=1(负值舍去),求得AD=3,由(2)知,CD•DE=2OD•PD,于是得到结论.【解答】(1)证明:连接OC,OE,∵OC=OE,∴∠E=∠OCE,∵E是的中点,∴=,∴∠AOE=∠BOE=90°,∴∠E+∠ODE=90°,∵PC=PD,∴∠PCD=∠PDC,∵∠PDC=∠ODE,∴∠PCD=∠ODE,∴∠PCD+∠OCD=∠ODE+∠E=90°,∴PC是⊙O的切线;(2)证明:连接AC,BE,BC,∵∠ACD=∠DBE,∠CAD=∠DEB,∴△ACD∽△EBD,∴=,∴CD•DE=AD•BD=(AO﹣OD)(AO+OD)=AO2﹣OD2;∵AB为⊙O的直径,∴∠ACB=90°,∵∠PCO=90°,∴∠ACP+∠ACO=∠ACO+∠BCO=90°,∴∠ACP=∠BCO,∵∠BCO=∠CBO,∴∠ACP=∠PBC,∵∠P=∠P,∴△ACP∽△CBP,∴,∴PC2=PB•P A=(PD+DB)(PD﹣AD)=(PD+OD+OA)(PD+OD﹣OA)=(PD+OD)2﹣OA2=PD2+2PD•OD+OD2﹣OA2,∵PC=PD,∴PD2=PD2+2PD•OD+OD2﹣OA2,∴OA2﹣OD2=2OD•PD,∴CD•DE=2OD•PD;(3)解:∵AB=8,∴OA=4,由(2)知,CD•DE=AO2﹣OD2;∵CD•DE=15,∴15=42﹣OD2,∴OD=1(负值舍去),由(2)知,CD•DE=2OD•PD,∴PD==,∴P A=PD﹣AD=.一、填空题(本大题共5个小题,每小题4分,共20分)21.(4分)已知直线y=ax+b经过点(﹣1,2),则a﹣b的值为﹣2.【分析】由点的坐标,利用一次函数图象上点的坐标特征可求出a﹣b的值,此题得解.【解答】解:∵直线y=ax+b经过点(﹣1,2),∴2=﹣a+b,∴a﹣b=﹣2.故答案为:﹣2.22.(4分)有四张正面分别标有数字﹣2,﹣6,2,6的不透明卡片,它们除数字不同外其余全部相同.现将它们背面朝上,洗匀后从中抽取一张,将该卡片上的数字记为a;不放回,再从中抽取一张,将该卡片上的数字记为b,则使关于x的不等式组的解集中有且只有3个非负整数解的概率为.【分析】首先根据题意可求得,所有可能结果,然后解不等式组求得不等式组的解集得出符合要求的点的坐标,再利用概率公式即可求得答案.【解答】解:根据题意列出树状图得:则(a,b)的等可能结果有:(﹣2,﹣6),(﹣2,2),(﹣2,6),(﹣6,﹣2),(﹣6,2),(﹣6,6),(2,﹣2),(2,6),(2,﹣6),(6,﹣2),(6,2),(6,﹣6)共12种;,解①得:x<7,当a>0,解②得:x>,根据不等式组的解集中有且只有3个非负整数解,则3<x<7时符合要求,故=3,即b=6,a=2符合要求,当a<0,解②得:x<,根据不等式组的解集中有且只有3个非负整数解,则x<3时符合要求,故=3,即b=﹣6,a=﹣2符合要求,故所有组合中只有2种情况符合要求,故使关于x的不等式组的解集中有且只有3个非负整数解的概率为:=.故答案为:.23.(4分)在平面直角坐标系中,若点P(a,b)的坐标满足a=b≠0,则称点P为“对等点”.已知二次函数y=x2+mx﹣m的图象上存在两个不同的“对等点”,且这两个“对等点”关于原点对称,则m的值为1.【分析】设这两个“对等点”的坐标为(a.a)和(﹣a,﹣a),代入抛物线的解析式,两式相减,计算即可求得.【解答】解:设这两个“对等点”的坐标为(a.a)和(﹣a,﹣a),代入y=x2+mx﹣m得,①﹣②得2a=2am,解得m=1,故答案为1.24.(4分)如图,矩形ABCD中,AB=6,AD=2,E是边CD上一点,将△ADE沿直线AE折叠得到△AFE,BF的延长线交边CD于点G,则DG的最大值为2.【分析】如图,以点A为圆心,AD长为半径画弧,过点B作弧的切线交CD于点G,切点为F,此时点E和点G重合,DG的最大值即为DE的长.再根据矩形性质和勾股定理即可求出DG的长.【解答】解:如图,以点A为圆心,AD长为半径画弧,过点B作弧的切线交CD于点G,切点为F,此时点E和点G重合,DG的最大值即为DE的长.∵BC=AD=2,AB=CD=6,根据翻折可知:DE=EF=x,AF=AD=2,则CE=CD﹣DE=6﹣x,在Rt△ABF中,根据勾股定理,得BF==4,则BE=BF+EF=4+x,在Rt△BEC中,根据勾股定理,得(4+x)2=(6﹣x)2+(2)2,解得x=2.则DG的最大值为2.故答案为:2.25.(4分)如图,直线y=﹣x+b与x、y轴的正半轴交于点A,B,与双曲线y=﹣交于点C(点C在第二象限内),点D,过点C作CE⊥x轴于点E,记四边形OBCE的面积为S1,△OBD的面积为S2,若=,则b的值为3.【分析】根据双曲线的对称性得到BC=AD,设BC=AD=a,用a表示出点C和得D的坐标,根据梯形面积公式、三角形面积公式求出a、b的关系,根据反比例函数图象上点的坐标特征列出方程,解方程求出b.【解答】解:由题意点B的坐标为(0,b),点A的坐标为(b,0),∴OA=OB=b,∵直线y=﹣x+b关于直线y=x对称,反比例函数y=﹣关于y=x对称,∴BC=AD,设BC=AD=a,则C(﹣a,b+a),D(b+a,﹣a),∵=,∴=,整理得,12a2+17ab﹣14b2=0,解得,a1=b,a2=﹣b(舍去),则D(b,﹣b),∴b×(﹣b)=﹣4,解得,b1=3,b2=﹣3(舍去),∴b=3,故答案为:3.二、解答题(本大题共3个小题,共30分)26.(8分)某商场打算在年前用30000元购进一批彩灯进行销售,由于进货厂家促销,实际可以以8折的价格购进这批彩灯,结果可以比计划多购进了100盏彩灯.(1)该商场购进这种彩灯的实际进价为多少元?(2)该商场打算在实际进价的基础上,每盏灯加价50%的销售,但可能会面临滞销,因此将有20%的彩灯需要降价,以5折出售,该商场要想获利不低于15000元,应至少在购进这种彩灯多少盏?【分析】(1)设该商场实际购进每盏彩灯为x元,则实际进价为0.8x元,根据实际比计划多购进100盏彩灯,列方程求解;(2)设再购进彩灯a盏,根据利润=售价﹣进价和货栈要想获得利润不低于15000元列出不等式并解答.【解答】解:(1)设该商场实际购进每盏彩灯为x元,则实际进价为0.8x元,依题意得:=+100,解得x=75,经检验x=75是所列方程的根,则0.8x=0.8×75=60(元).答:该货栈实际购进每盏彩灯为60元;(2)设再购进彩灯a盏,由(1)知,实际购进30000÷60=500(盏),依题意得:(500+a)(1﹣20%)×60×50%+(500+a)×20%×[60×(1+50%)×0.5﹣60]≥15000,解得a≥.因为a取正整数,所以a=215.答:至少再购进彩灯215盏.27.(10分)如图,在正方形ABCD中,点E是BC边上一点,连接AE,将△ABE绕点E 顺时针旋转得到△A1B1E,点B1在正方形ABCD内,连接AA1、BB1;(1)求证:△AA1E∽△BB1E;(2)延长BB1分别交线段AA1,DC于点F、G,求证:AF=A1F;(3)在(2)的条件下,若AB=4,BE=1,G是DC的中点,求AF的长.【分析】(1)由EB=EB1,EA=EA1,可得∠EBB1=∠EB1B,∠EAA1=∠EA1A,由∠BEB1=∠AEA1,可得∠EBB1=∠EB1B=∠EAA1=∠EA1A,由此即可证明;(2)连接BF,延长EB1交AA1于M.由△MFB1∽△MEA1,推出△MEF∽△MA1B1,推出∠MFE=∠MB1A1=90°,即EF⊥AA1,由EA=EA1,可得AF=F A1;(3)首先求出AE,由cos∠GBC=cos∠EAF===,在Rt△AEF中,根据AF=AE•cos∠EAF,计算即可;【解答】(1)证明:如图∵EB=EB1,EA=EA1,∴∠EBB1=∠EB1B,∠EAA1=∠EA1A,∵∠BEB1=∠AEA1,∴∠EBB1=∠EB1B=∠EAA1=∠EA1A,∴△AA1E∽△BB1E.(2)证明:连接BF,延长EB1交AA1于M.∵∠BB1B=∠FB1M=∠MA1E,∠FMB1=∠EMA1,∴△MFB1∽△MEA1,∴=,∴=,∵∠EMF=∠A1MB1,∴△MEF∽△MA1B1,∴∠MFE=∠MB1A1=90°,∴EF⊥AA1,∵EA=EA1,∴AF=F A1.(3)解:在Rt△ABE中,∵AB=4,BE=1,∴AE==,∵DG=GC,∴cos∠GBC=cos∠EAF===,在Rt△AEF中,AF=AE•cos∠EAF=•=.28.(12分)如图,已知二次函数y=ax2﹣8ax+6(a>0)的图象与x轴分别交于A、B两点,与y轴交于点C,点D在抛物线的对称轴上,且四边形ABDC为平行四边形.(1)求此抛物线的对称轴,并确定此二次函数的表达式;(2)点E为x轴下方抛物线上一点,若△ODE的面积为12,求点E的坐标;(3)在(2)的条件下,设抛物线的顶点为M,点P是抛物线的对称轴上一动点,连接PE、EM,过点P作PE的垂线交抛物线于点Q,当∠PQE=∠EMP时,求点Q到抛物线的对称轴的距离.【分析】(1)先求出对称轴为x=4,进而求出AB=4,进而求出点A,B坐标,即可得出结论;(2)利用面积的和差建立方程求解,即可得出结论;(3)Ⅰ、当点Q在对称轴右侧时,先判断出点E,M,Q,P四点共圆,得出∠EMQ=90°,利用同角的余角相等判断出∠EMF=∠HGM,得出tan∠EMF==2,得出HG =HM=1,进而求出Q(8,6),得出结论;Ⅱ、当点Q在对称轴左侧时,先判断出△PDQ∽△EFP,得出,进而判断出DP=,PF=2QD,即可得出结论.【解答】解:(1)对称轴为直线x=﹣=4,则CD=4,∵四边形ABDC为平行四边形,∴DC∥AB,DC=AB,∴DC=AB=4,∴A(2,0),B(6,0),把点A(2,0)代入得y=ax2﹣8ax+12得4a﹣16a+6=0,解得a=,∴二次函数解析式为y=x2﹣4x+6;(2)如图1,设E(m,m2﹣4m+6),其中2<m<6,作EN⊥y轴于N,如图2,∵S梯形CDEN﹣S△OCD﹣S△OEN=S△ODE,∴(4+m)(6﹣m2+4m﹣6)﹣×4×6﹣m(﹣m2+4m﹣6)=12,化简得:m2﹣11m+24=0,解得m1=3,m2=8(舍),∴点E的坐标为(3,﹣);(3)Ⅰ、当点Q在对称轴右侧时,如图2,过点E作EF⊥PM于F,MQ交x轴于G,∵∠PQE=∠PME,∴点E,M,Q,P四点共圆,∵PE⊥PQ,∴∠EPQ=90°,∴∠EMQ=90°,∴∠EMF+∠HMG=90°,∵∠HMG+∠HGM=90°,∴∠EMF=∠HGM,在Rt△EFM中,EF=1,FM=,tan∠EMF==2,∴tan∠HGM=2,∴,∴HG=HM=1,∴点G(5,0),∵M(4,﹣2),∴直线MG的解析式为y=2x﹣10①,∵二次函数解析式为y=x2﹣4x+6②,联立①②解得,(舍)或,∴Q(8,6),∴点Q到对称轴的距离为8﹣4=4;Ⅱ、当点Q在对称轴左侧时,如图3,过点E作EF⊥PM于F,过点Q作QD⊥PM于D,∴∠DQP+∠QPD=90°,∵∠EPQ=90°,∴∠DPQ+∠FPE=90°,∴∠DQP=∠FPE,∵∠PDQ=∠EFP,∴△PDQ∽△EFP,∴,由Ⅰ知,tan∠PQE==2,∵EF=1,∴=,∴DP=,PF=2QD,设Q(n,n2﹣4n+6),∴DQ=4﹣n,DH=n2﹣4n+6,∴PF=DH+FH﹣DP=n2﹣4n+6+﹣=n2﹣4n+7,∴n2﹣4n+7=2(4﹣n),∴n=2+(舍)或n=2﹣,∴DQ=4﹣n=2+,即点Q到对称轴的距离为4或2+.。
2020年中考语文一模试卷含解析
2020年江苏省泰州市兴化市中考语文一模试卷一、积累与运用(30分)1.(4分)根据拼音在田字格内依次写出相应的汉字。
大自然的真实面貌,比起诗人所能描mó的境界,更要美上千百倍。
大自然怀抱中的乡野风情、芸芸众生,构成了一幅xuàn 烂的的画卷。
尽情地享受大自然的恩cì,赞sòng 生命的奇迹吧!2.(2分)下面句子中的标点符号使用不正确的一项是()A.“大桥就要通车了,”他环视了一下会场说,“请大家咬紧牙关,作最后的冲刺。
”B.泰州市推进“祥泰码”的规范使用,为所有入泰返泰和在泰生活、工作、学习人员提供通行便利。
C.基辛格在论中国中讲:“中国人总是被他们之中最勇敢的人保护得很好。
”D.不要走在我后面,因为我可能不会引路;不要走在我前面,因为我可能不会跟随。
3.(2分)下列句子没有病句的一项是()A.经过李师傅再三解释,才使他怒气逐渐平息,勉强露出一丝笑容。
B.为避免中小学校园不再发生踩踏事故,教育局要求学校经常性地开展安全教育。
C.去冬以来,各校开展学习抗疫医生的新高潮,广大学生的精神面貌焕然一新。
D.空气质量的好坏,对我们的生活有着很大的影响。
4.(8分)根据提示补写名句或填写课文原句。
(1)阡陌交通,。
(2)山重水复疑无路,。
(3)花下成千成百的蜜蜂嗡嗡地闹着,。
(4),切问而近思。
(5)文天祥《过零丁洋》中“,”用比喻的修辞手法,表达了对国势危亡的担忧和对自己坎坷命运的悲叹;岑参《白雪歌送武判官归京》中用新奇的比喻描写北方雪景,堪称千古名句的诗句是“,”。
5.(4分)名著阅读。
阅读下面的文字,回答问题。
“A看着号板,又是一头撞将去。
这回不死了,放声大哭起来,众人劝着不住。
金有余道:“你看,这不是疯了吗?好好到贡院来耍,你家又不是死了人,为甚么这号啕痛哭是的?”A也听不见,只管扶着号板哭个不住……直哭到口里吐出鲜血来。
”这段文字选自《》,它是(朝代)(作者)创作的一部长篇小说。
2020届普通高等学校招生统一模拟考试(全国I卷) 英语试题(解析版)
2020届普通高等学校招生统一模拟考试(全国I卷)英语试题第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1. 5分,满分7. 5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.When will the man arrive?A. At 6:20.B.At 7:20.C. At 6:40.2.What does the woman usually do on the weekend?A. She goes out with friends.B. She sees a film.C. She reads books at home.3.What did the woman think of living in the countryside?A. Enjoyable but inconvenient.B. Happy but tiring.C. Fun but busy4.How many people will come to dinner tonight?A. Two.B. Three.C. Four.5.What are the speakers talking about?A. A new haircut. B A strange person. C. A fashion barber.第二节(共15小题;每小题1. 5分,满分22. 5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What is the man looking for?A. A famous book.B. A popular magazine.C. A history textbook.7.Who is the man probably speaking to?A. A classmate. B A librarian. C. A friend听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
2020年江苏省南京市建邺区中考数学一模试卷含答案解析
2020年江苏省南京市建邺区中考数学一模试卷一、选择题(本大题共6小题,每小题2分,共12分.在每小题所给出的四个选项中,恰有一项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项前的字母代号填涂在答题卡相应位置上)1.下列计算结果为负数的是()A.﹣1+2B.|﹣1|C.D.﹣2﹣12.计算a5•(﹣)2的结果是()A.﹣a3B.a3C.a7D.a103.若a<2<b,其中a、b为两个连续的整数,则ab的值为()A.2B.5C.6D.124.如图是一几何体的三视图,这个几何体可能是()A.三棱柱B.三棱锥C.圆柱D.圆锥5.如图,已知a∥b,∠1=115°,则∠2的度数是()A.45°B.55°C.65°D.85°6.在学习“一次函数与二元一次方程”时,我们知道了两个一次函数图象的交点坐标与其相应的二元一次方程组的解之间的关系,请通过此经验推断:在同一平面直角坐标系中,函数y=5x2﹣3x+4与y=4x2﹣x+3的图象交点个数有()A.0个B.1个C.2个D.无数个二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共计20分.不需写出解答过程,请把答案直接填写在答题卡相应位置上)7.若式子在实数范围内有意义,则x的取值范围是.8.若a﹣b=3,a+b=﹣2,则a2﹣b2=.9.据统计,2020年春节“黄金周”(2月7日至13日)期间,南京共接待游客4 880000人.将4880000用科学记数法表示为.10.若△ABC∽△A′B′C′,相似比为1:3,则△ABC与△A′B′C′的面积之比为.11.已知圆锥的底面半径是1cm,母线长为3cm,则该圆锥的侧面积为cm2.12.已知方程x2+mx﹣3=0的一个根是1,则它的另一个根是.13.某校射击队从甲、乙、丙、丁四人中选拔一人参加市运会射击比赛.在选拔赛中,每人射击10次,他们10次成绩的平均数及方差如下表所示.甲乙丙丁平均数/环9.7 9.5 9.5 9.7方差/环2 5.1 4.7 4.5 4.5请你根据表中数据选一人参加比赛,最合适的人选是.14.在同一平面直角坐标系中,正比例函数y=k1x的图象与反比例函数y=的图象一个交点的坐标是(﹣2,3),则它们另一个交点的坐标是.15.如图,在正十边形A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A9A10中,连接A1A4、A1A7,则∠A4A1A7=°.16.如图①,在等边△ABC中,CD⊥AB,垂足为D,⊙O的圆心与点D重合,⊙O与线段CD交于点E,且CE=4cm.将⊙O沿DC方向向上平移1cm后,如图②,⊙O恰与△ABC 的边AC、BC相切,则等边△ABC的边长为cm.三、解答题(本大题共有11小题,共计88分.请在答题卡指定区域内作答,解答时应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)17.先化简,再求值:(﹣)÷,其中a=+1,b=﹣1.18.解不等式组并写出不等式组的整数解.19.如图,在四边形ABCD中,AB∥CD,点E、F在对角线AC上,且∠ABF=∠CDE,AE=CF.(1)求证:△ABF≌△CDE;(2)当四边形ABCD满足什么条件时,四边形BFDE是菱形?为什么?20.“低碳环保,你我同行”.近两年,南京市区的公共自行车给市民出行带来了极大的方便.图①是公共自行车的实物图,图②是公共自行车的车架示意图,点A、D、C、E在同一条直线上,CD=30cm,DF=20cm,AF=25cm,FD⊥AE于点D,座杆CE=15cm,且∠EAB=75°.(1)求AD的长;(2)求点E到AB的距离.(参考数据:sin75°≈0.97,cos75°≈0.26,tan75°≈3.73)21.甲、乙两名同学从《奔跑吧兄弟》、《极限挑战》、《最强大脑》三个综艺节目中随机选择一个观看.(1)甲同学观看《最强大脑》的概率是;(2)求甲、乙两名同学观看同一节目的概率.22.“世界那么大,我想去看看”一句话红遍网络,随着国际货币基金组织正式宣布人民币2020年10月1日加入SDR(特别提款权),以后出国看世界更加方便.为了解某区6000名初中生对“人民币加入SDR”知晓的情况,某校数学兴趣小组随机抽取区内部分初中生进行问卷调查,将问卷调查的结果划分为“非常了解”、“比较了解”、“基本了解”、“不了解”四个等级,并将调查结果整理分析,得到下列图表:某区抽取学生对“人民币加入SDR”知晓情况频数分布表(1)本次问卷调查抽取的学生共有人,其中“不了解”的学生有人;(2)在扇形统计图中,学生对“人民币加入SDR”基本了解的区域的圆心角为°;(3)根据抽样的结果,估计该区6000名初中生对“人民币加入SDR”了解的有多少人(了解是指“非常了解”、“比较了解”和“基本了解”)?23.某商场将进货价为每只30元的台灯以每只40元售出,平均每月能售出600只.调查表明,这种台灯的售价每上涨1元,其销售量将减少10只.当这种台灯的售价定为多少元时,每个月的利润恰为10 000元?24.货车和轿车分别从甲、乙两地同时出发,沿同一公路相向而行.轿车出发2.4h后休息,直至与货车相遇后,以原速度继续行驶.设货车出发xh后,货车、轿车分别到达离甲地y1km 和y2km的地方,图中的线段OA、折线BCDE分别表示y1、y2与x之间的函数关系.(1)求点D的坐标,并解释点D的实际意义;(2)求线段DE所在直线的函数表达式;(3)当货车出发h时,两车相距200km.25.数学活动课上,小君在平面直角坐标系中对二次函数图象的平移进行了研究.图①是二次函数y=(x﹣a)2+(a为常数)当a=﹣1、0、1、2时的图象.当a取不同值时,其图象构成一个“抛物线簇”.小君发现这些二次函数图象的顶点竟然在同一条直线上!(1)小君在图①中发现的“抛物线簇”的顶点所在直线的函数表达式为;(2)如图②,当a=0时,二次函数图象上有一点P(2,4).将此二次函数图象沿着(1)中发现的直线平移,记二次函数图象的顶点O与点P的对应点分别为O1、P1.若点P1到x 轴的距离为5,求平移后二次函数图象所对应的函数表达式.26.如图,直线AB交⊙O于C、D两点,CE是⊙O的直径,CF平分∠ACE交⊙O于点F,连接EF,过点F作FG∥ED交AB于点G.(1)求证:直线FG是⊙O的切线;(2)若FG=4,⊙O的半径为5,求四边形FGDE的面积.27.问题提出平面上,若点P与A、B、C三点中的任意两点均构成等腰三角形,则称点P是A、B、C 三点的巧妙点.若A、B、C三点构成三角形,也称点P是△ABC的巧妙点.初步思考(1)如图①,在等边△ABC的内部和外部各作一个△ABC的巧妙点.(尺规作图,不写作法,保留作图痕迹)(2)如图②,在△ABC中,AB=AC,∠BAC=36°,点D、E是△ABC的两个巧妙点,其中AD=AB,AE=AC,BD=BC=CE,连接DE,分别交AB、AC于点M、N.求证:DA2=DB•DE.深入研究(3)在△ABC中,AB=AC,若存在一点P,使PB=BA,PA=PC.点P可能为△ABC的巧妙点吗?若可能,请画出示意图,并直接写出∠BAC的度数;若不可能,请说明理由.2020年江苏省南京市建邺区中考数学一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题(本大题共6小题,每小题2分,共12分.在每小题所给出的四个选项中,恰有一项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项前的字母代号填涂在答题卡相应位置上)1.下列计算结果为负数的是()A.﹣1+2B.|﹣1|C.D.﹣2﹣1【考点】算术平方根;绝对值;有理数的加法;负整数指数幂.【分析】先化简各项,再根据负数的定义,即可解答.【解答】解:A、﹣1+2=1,故错误;B、|﹣1|=1,故错误;C、=2,故错误;D、﹣2﹣1=﹣,正确;故选:D.2.计算a5•(﹣)2的结果是()A.﹣a3B.a3C.a7D.a10【考点】分式的乘除法.【分析】首先计算分式的乘方,然后再相乘即可.【解答】解:原式=a5•=a3,故选:B.3.若a<2<b,其中a、b为两个连续的整数,则ab的值为()A.2B.5C.6D.12【考点】估算无理数的大小.【分析】依据平方数越大对应的算术平方根越大可求得a、b的值,最后依据有理数的乘法法则求解即可.【解答】解:∵4<8<9,∴2<<3,即2<2<3.∴a=2,b=3.∴ab=6.故选:C.4.如图是一几何体的三视图,这个几何体可能是()A.三棱柱B.三棱锥C.圆柱D.圆锥【考点】由三视图判断几何体.【分析】由主视图和左视图确定是柱体,锥体还是球体,再由俯视图确定具体形状.【解答】解:根据主视图和左视图为矩形判断出是柱体,根据俯视图是三角形可判断出这个几何体应该是三棱柱.故选A.5.如图,已知a∥b,∠1=115°,则∠2的度数是()A.45°B.55°C.65°D.85°【考点】平行线的性质.【分析】根据两直线平行,同旁内角互补求出∠3,再根据对顶角相等解答.【解答】解:如图,∵a∥b,∠1=115°,∴∠3=180°﹣∠1=180°﹣115°=65°,∴∠3=∠2=65°.故选C.6.在学习“一次函数与二元一次方程”时,我们知道了两个一次函数图象的交点坐标与其相应的二元一次方程组的解之间的关系,请通过此经验推断:在同一平面直角坐标系中,函数y=5x2﹣3x+4与y=4x2﹣x+3的图象交点个数有()A.0个B.1个C.2个D.无数个【考点】二次函数的性质;一次函数与二元一次方程(组).【分析】由题意知函数y=5x2﹣3x+4与y=4x2﹣x+3的图象交点个数即方程组的解的个数,即可判断.【解答】解:根据题意,函数y=5x2﹣3x+4与y=4x2﹣x+3的图象交点个数即方程组的解的个数,解方程组得:,所以函数y=5x2﹣3x+4与y=4x2﹣x+3的图象交点只有一个交点(1,6),故选:B.二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共计20分.不需写出解答过程,请把答案直接填写在答题卡相应位置上)7.若式子在实数范围内有意义,则x的取值范围是x≥2.【考点】二次根式有意义的条件.【分析】根据被开方数大于等于0列式进行计算即可得解.【解答】解:根据题意得,x﹣2≥0,解得x≥2.故答案为:x≥2.8.若a﹣b=3,a+b=﹣2,则a2﹣b2=﹣6.【考点】因式分解-运用公式法.【分析】直接利用平方差公式分解因式,进而将已知代入求出答案.【解答】解:∵a2﹣b2=(a+b)(a﹣b),∴把a﹣b=3,a+b=﹣2代入得:原式=3×(﹣2)=﹣6.故答案为:﹣6.9.据统计,2020年春节“黄金周”(2月7日至13日)期间,南京共接待游客4 880000人.将4880000用科学记数法表示为 4.88×106.【考点】科学记数法—表示较大的数.【分析】科学记数法的表示形式为a×10n的形式,其中1≤|a|<10,n为整数.确定n的值时,要看把原数变成a时,小数点移动了多少位,n的绝对值与小数点移动的位数相同.当原数绝对值大于10时,n是正数;当原数的绝对值小于1时,n是负数.【解答】解:4880000=4.88×106,故答案为:4.88×10610.若△ABC∽△A′B′C′,相似比为1:3,则△ABC与△A′B′C′的面积之比为1:9.【考点】相似三角形的性质.【分析】根据相似三角形面积的比等于相似比的平方解答.【解答】解:∵△ABC∽△A′B′C′,相似比为1:3,∴△ABC与△A′B′C′的面积之比为1:9.故答案为:1:9.11.已知圆锥的底面半径是1cm,母线长为3cm,则该圆锥的侧面积为3πcm2.【考点】圆锥的计算.【分析】圆锥的侧面积=底面周长×母线长÷2,把相应数值代入即可求解.【解答】解:圆锥的侧面积=2π×3×1÷2=3π.故答案为:3π.12.已知方程x2+mx﹣3=0的一个根是1,则它的另一个根是﹣3.【考点】根与系数的关系.【分析】由于该方程的一次项系数是未知数,所以求方程的另一解可以根据根与系数的关系进行计算.【解答】解:设方程的另一根为x1,根据根与系数的关系可得:x1•1=﹣3,解得x1=﹣3.故答案为:﹣3.13.某校射击队从甲、乙、丙、丁四人中选拔一人参加市运会射击比赛.在选拔赛中,每人射击10次,他们10次成绩的平均数及方差如下表所示.甲乙丙丁平均数/环9.7 9.5 9.5 9.7方差/环2 5.1 4.7 4.5 4.5请你根据表中数据选一人参加比赛,最合适的人选是丁.【考点】方差.【分析】根据方差的意义可作出判断.方差是用来衡量一组数据波动大小的量,方差越小,表明这组数据分布比较集中,各数据偏离平均数越小,即波动越小,数据越稳定.【解答】解:∵S甲2=5.1,S乙2=4.7,S丙2=4.5,S丁2=4.5,∴S甲2>S乙2>S2丁=S2丙,∵丁的平均数大,∴最合适的人选是丁.故答案为:丁14.在同一平面直角坐标系中,正比例函数y=k1x的图象与反比例函数y=的图象一个交点的坐标是(﹣2,3),则它们另一个交点的坐标是(2,﹣3).【考点】反比例函数与一次函数的交点问题.【分析】反比例函数的图象是中心对称图形,则与经过原点的直线的两个交点一定关于原点对称.【解答】解:根据题意,直线y=k1x经过原点与双曲线y=相交于两点,又由于双曲线y=与直线y=k1x均关于原点对称.则两点关于原点对称,一个交点的坐标为(﹣2,3),则另一个交点的坐标为(2,﹣3).故答案为:(2,﹣3).15.如图,在正十边形A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A9A10中,连接A1A4、A1A7,则∠A4A1A7=54°.【考点】正多边形和圆.【分析】找出正十边形的圆心O,连接A7O,A4O,再由圆周角定理即可得出结论.【解答】解:如图,连接A7O,A4O,∵正十边形的各边都相等,∴∠A7OA4=×360°=108°,∴∠A4A1A7=×108°=54°.故答案为:54.16.如图①,在等边△ABC中,CD⊥AB,垂足为D,⊙O的圆心与点D重合,⊙O与线段CD交于点E,且CE=4cm.将⊙O沿DC方向向上平移1cm后,如图②,⊙O恰与△ABC的边AC、BC相切,则等边△ABC的边长为cm.【考点】切线的性质;等边三角形的性质;平移的性质.【分析】如图,设圆O与BC的切点为M,连接OM,根据切线的性质可以得到∠OMC=90°,而根据已知条件可以得到∠DCB=30°,设AB为2xcm,根据等边三角形得到CD=xcm,而CE=2cm,又将量角器沿DC方向平移1cm,由此得到半圆的半径为(x﹣4)cm,OC=(x﹣1)cm,然后在Rt△OCM中利用三角函数可以列出关于x的方程,解方程即可求解.【解答】解:如图,设图②中圆O与BC的切点为M,连接OM,则OM⊥MC,∴∠OMC=90°,依题意知道∠DCB=30°,设AB为2xcm,∵△ABC是等边三角形,∴CD=xcm,而CE=4cm,又将量角器沿DC方向平移1cm,∴半圆的半径为(x﹣4)cm,OC=(x﹣1)cm,∴sin∠DCB==,∴=,∴x=,∴等边△ABC的边长为=2x=2(cm),故答案为:.三、解答题(本大题共有11小题,共计88分.请在答题卡指定区域内作答,解答时应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)17.先化简,再求值:(﹣)÷,其中a=+1,b=﹣1.【考点】分式的化简求值.【分析】先算括号里面的,再算除法,分式化为最简后把a、b的值代入进行计算即可.【解答】解:原式=()•=﹣.当a=+1,b=﹣1时,原式=﹣=﹣=﹣.18.解不等式组并写出不等式组的整数解.【考点】一元一次不等式组的整数解;解一元一次不等式组.【分析】分别求出每一个不等式的解集,根据口诀:同大取大、同小取小、大小小大中间找、大大小小无解了确定不等式组的解集.【解答】解:解不等式,得x≥﹣1.解不等式2x﹣3<0,得x<.所以不等式组的解集是﹣1≤x<.故不等式组的整数解为﹣1、0、1.19.如图,在四边形ABCD中,AB∥CD,点E、F在对角线AC上,且∠ABF=∠CDE,AE=CF.(1)求证:△ABF≌△CDE;(2)当四边形ABCD满足什么条件时,四边形BFDE是菱形?为什么?【考点】菱形的判定;全等三角形的判定与性质.(1)由平行线的性质得出∠BAC=∠DCA.证出AF=CE.由AAS证明△ABF≌△CDE 【分析】即可;(2)先证明四边形ABCD是菱形,得出BD⊥AC,再证明四边形BFDE是平行四边形,即可得出结论.【解答】(1)证明:∵AB∥CD,∴∠BAC=∠DCA.∵AE=CF,∴AE+EF=CF+EF,即AF=CE.在△ABF和△CDE中,,又∵∠ABF=∠CDE,∴△ABF≌△CDE(AAS);(2)解:当四边形ABCD满足AB=AD时,四边形BEDF是菱形.理由如下:连接BD交AC于点O,如图所示:由(1)得:△ABF≌△CDE,∴AB=CD,BF=DE,∠AFB=∠CED,∴BF∥DE.∵AB∥CD,AB=CD,∴四边形ABCD是平行四边形.又∵AB=AD,∴平行四边形ABCD是菱形.∴BD⊥AC.∵BF=DE,BF∥DE,∴四边形BEDF是平行四边形,∴四边形BEDF是菱形.20.“低碳环保,你我同行”.近两年,南京市区的公共自行车给市民出行带来了极大的方便.图①是公共自行车的实物图,图②是公共自行车的车架示意图,点A、D、C、E在同一条直线上,CD=30cm,DF=20cm,AF=25cm,FD⊥AE于点D,座杆CE=15cm,且∠EAB=75°.(1)求AD的长;(2)求点E到AB的距离.(参考数据:sin75°≈0.97,cos75°≈0.26,tan75°≈3.73)【考点】解直角三角形的应用.【分析】(1)根据勾股定理求出AD的长;(2)作EH⊥AB于H,求出AE的长,根据正弦的概念求出点E到车架AB的距离.【解答】解:(1)在Rt△ADF中,由勾股定理得,AD===15(cm;(2)AE=AD+CD+EC=15+30+15=60(cm),如图②,过点E作EH⊥AB于H,在Rt△AEH中,sin∠EAH=,则EH=AE•sin∠EAH=AB•sin75°≈60×0.97=58.2(cm).答:点E到AB的距离为58.2 cm.21.甲、乙两名同学从《奔跑吧兄弟》、《极限挑战》、《最强大脑》三个综艺节目中随机选择一个观看.(1)甲同学观看《最强大脑》的概率是;(2)求甲、乙两名同学观看同一节目的概率.【考点】列表法与树状图法.【分析】(1)由甲、乙两名同学从《奔跑吧兄弟》、《极限挑战》、《最强大脑》三个综艺节目中随机选择一个观看,直接利用概率公式求解即可求得答案;(2)首先根据题意列出表格,然后由表格即可求得所有等可能的结果与甲、乙两名同学观看同一节目的情况,再利用概率公式即可求得答案.【解答】解:(1)∵甲、乙两名同学从《奔跑吧兄弟》、《极限挑战》、《最强大脑》三个综艺节目中随机选择一个观看,∴甲同学观看《最强大脑》的概率是:.故答案为:;(2)分别用A,B,C表示《奔跑吧兄弟》、《极限挑战》、《最强大脑》三个综艺节目,用表格列出所有可能出现的结果:甲乙 A B CA (A,A)(B,A)(C,A)B (A,B)(B,B)(C,B)C (A,C)(B,C)(C,C)∵一共有9种可能的结果,它们是等可能的,其中符合要求的有3种.∴P (甲、乙两名同学观看同一节目)==.答:甲、乙两名同学观看同一节目的概率为:.22.“世界那么大,我想去看看”一句话红遍网络,随着国际货币基金组织正式宣布人民币2020年10月1日加入SDR(特别提款权),以后出国看世界更加方便.为了解某区6000名初中生对“人民币加入SDR”知晓的情况,某校数学兴趣小组随机抽取区内部分初中生进行问卷调查,将问卷调查的结果划分为“非常了解”、“比较了解”、“基本了解”、“不了解”四个等级,并将调查结果整理分析,得到下列图表:某区抽取学生对“人民币加入SDR”知晓情况频数分布表(1)本次问卷调查抽取的学生共有100人,其中“不了解”的学生有20人;(2)在扇形统计图中,学生对“人民币加入SDR”基本了解的区域的圆心角为72°;(3)根据抽样的结果,估计该区6000名初中生对“人民币加入SDR”了解的有多少人(了解是指“非常了解”、“比较了解”和“基本了解”)?【考点】扇形统计图;用样本估计总体;频数(率)分布表.【分析】(1)根据非常了解的有26人,所占的比例是26%,据此即可求得抽取的总人数,然后利用总人数减去其它组的人数即可求得“不了解”的学生数;(2)利用360°乘以对应的百分比即可求得;(3)利用总人数乘以对应的比例即可求得.【解答】解:(1)调查抽取的总人数是26÷26%=100(人),不了解的人数是100﹣26﹣34﹣20=20(人).故答案是:100,20;(2)基本了解的区域的圆心角是360°×=72°,故答案是:72;(3)该区6000名初中生对“人民币加入SDR”了解的有:6 000×80%=4 800(人).答:估计该校6 000名初中生中对“人民币加入SDR”了解的有4 800人.23.某商场将进货价为每只30元的台灯以每只40元售出,平均每月能售出600只.调查表明,这种台灯的售价每上涨1元,其销售量将减少10只.当这种台灯的售价定为多少元时,每个月的利润恰为10 000元?【考点】一元二次方程的应用.【分析】设这种台灯的售价为x元,根据一台的利润×总的台数=总的利润和这种台灯的售价每上涨1元,其销售量将减少10只,列出方程,再求解即可.【解答】解:设这种台灯的售价为x元,根据题意得:[600﹣10(x﹣40)](x﹣30)=10000,解得x1=50,x2=80,答:当这种台灯的售价定为50或80元时,每个月的利润恰为10000元.24.货车和轿车分别从甲、乙两地同时出发,沿同一公路相向而行.轿车出发2.4h后休息,直至与货车相遇后,以原速度继续行驶.设货车出发xh后,货车、轿车分别到达离甲地y1km 和y2km的地方,图中的线段OA、折线BCDE分别表示y1、y2与x之间的函数关系.(1)求点D的坐标,并解释点D的实际意义;(2)求线段DE所在直线的函数表达式;(3)当货车出发2或5h时,两车相距200km.【考点】一次函数的应用.【分析】(1)待定系数求出OA解析式,继而根据点D的纵坐标为300求得其横坐标,即可得答案;(2)根据休息前2.4小时行驶300km可得行驶后行驶300km也需要2.4h,即可得点E坐标,待定系数法即可求得DE所在直线解析式;(3)先求出BC所在直线解析式,再根据①轿车休息前与货车相距200km,②轿车休息后与货车相距200km,分别列出方程求解可得.【解答】解:(1)设OA所在直线解析式为y=mx,将x=8、y=600代入,求得m=75,∴OA所在直线解析式为y=75x,令y=300得:75x=300,解得:x=4,∴点D 坐标为(4,300 ),其实际意义为:点D是指货车出发4h后,与轿车在距离A地300 km处相遇.(2)由图象知,轿车在休息前2.4小时行驶300km,∴根据题意,行驶后300km需2.4h,故点E 坐标(6.4,0 ).设DE所在直线的函数表达式为y=kx+b,将点D (4,300 ),E ( 6.4,0)代入y=kx+b得:,解得,∴DE所在直线的函数表达式为y=﹣125x+800.(3)设BC段函数解析式为:y=px+q,将点B(0,600)、C(2.4,300)代入,得:,解得:y=﹣125x+600,①当轿车休息前与货车相距200km时,有:﹣125x+600﹣75x=200,解得:x=2;②当轿车休息后与货车相距200km时,有:75x﹣(﹣125x+800)=200,解得:x=5;故答案为:2或5.25.数学活动课上,小君在平面直角坐标系中对二次函数图象的平移进行了研究.图①是二次函数y=(x﹣a)2+(a为常数)当a=﹣1、0、1、2时的图象.当a取不同值时,其图象构成一个“抛物线簇”.小君发现这些二次函数图象的顶点竟然在同一条直线上!(1)小君在图①中发现的“抛物线簇”的顶点所在直线的函数表达式为y=x;(2)如图②,当a=0时,二次函数图象上有一点P(2,4).将此二次函数图象沿着(1)中发现的直线平移,记二次函数图象的顶点O与点P的对应点分别为O1、P1.若点P1到x 轴的距离为5,求平移后二次函数图象所对应的函数表达式.【考点】二次函数图象与几何变换.【分析】(1)根据题意得出抛物线的顶点坐标,根据待定系数法即可求得;(2)根据平移的规律得出点O1的坐标为(3,1)或(﹣27,﹣9),从而求得解析式.【解答】解:(1)∵当a=﹣1时,抛物线的顶点为(﹣1,﹣),当a=0时,抛物线的顶点为(0,0),∴设直线为y=kx,代入(﹣1,﹣)得,﹣=﹣k,解得k=,∴“抛物线簇”的顶点所在直线的函数表达式为y=x,故答案为y=x.(2)由题意得:点P1D的纵坐标为5或﹣5,∴抛物线沿着直线向上平移了1个单位或向下平移了9个单位,∴此时点O1的纵坐标为1或﹣9,代入直线y=x求得横坐标为3或﹣27,∴点O1的坐标为(3,1)或(﹣27,﹣9),∴平移后的二次函数的表达式为y=(x﹣3)2+1或y=(x+27)2﹣9.26.如图,直线AB交⊙O于C、D两点,CE是⊙O的直径,CF平分∠ACE交⊙O于点F,连接EF,过点F作FG∥ED交AB于点G.(1)求证:直线FG是⊙O的切线;(2)若FG=4,⊙O的半径为5,求四边形FGDE的面积.【考点】切线的判定.【分析】(1)利用角平分线的性质以及等腰三角形的性质得出∠OFC=∠FCG,进而得出∠GFC+∠OFC=90°,即可得出答案;(2)首先得出四边形FGDH是矩形,进而利用勾股定理得出HO的长,进而得出答案.【解答】(1)证明:连接FO,∵OF=OC,∴∠OFC=∠OCF.∵CF平分∠ACE,∴∠FCG=∠FCE.∴∠OFC=∠FCG.∵CE是⊙O的直径,∴∠EDG=90°,又∵FG∥ED,∴∠FGC=180°﹣∠EDG=90°,∴∠GFC+∠FCG=90°∴∠GFC+∠OFC=90°,即∠GFO=90°,∴OF⊥GF,又∵OF是⊙O半径,∴FG与⊙O相切.(2)解:延长FO,与ED交于点H,由(1)可知∠HFG=∠FGD=∠GDH=90°,∴四边形FGDH是矩形.∴FH⊥ED,∴HE=HD.又∵四边形FGDH是矩形,FG=HD,∴HE=FG=4.∴ED=8.∵在Rt△OHE中,∠OHE=90°,∴OH==3.∴FH=FO+OH=5+3=8.=(FG+ED)•FH=×(4+8)×8=48.S四边形FGDH27.问题提出平面上,若点P与A、B、C三点中的任意两点均构成等腰三角形,则称点P是A、B、C 三点的巧妙点.若A、B、C三点构成三角形,也称点P是△ABC的巧妙点.初步思考(1)如图①,在等边△ABC的内部和外部各作一个△ABC的巧妙点.(尺规作图,不写作法,保留作图痕迹)(2)如图②,在△ABC中,AB=AC,∠BAC=36°,点D、E是△ABC的两个巧妙点,其中AD=AB,AE=AC,BD=BC=CE,连接DE,分别交AB、AC于点M、N.求证:DA2=DB•DE.深入研究(3)在△ABC中,AB=AC,若存在一点P,使PB=BA,PA=PC.点P可能为△ABC的巧妙点吗?若可能,请画出示意图,并直接写出∠BAC的度数;若不可能,请说明理由.【考点】三角形综合题.【分析】(1)根据“巧妙点”的定义利用:点P在三角形的内部时,点P到△ABC的三个顶点的距离相等,所以点P是三角形的外心;点P在三角形的外部时,每条边的垂直平分线上的点只要能够使顶点这条边的两端点连接而成的三角形是等腰三角形即可;(2)先证明△ADB≌△ABC,△ACE≌△ABC,得到相等的角,再证明∠BMD=∠ABD,得到DB=DM.最后证明△DAM∽△DEA,得到=,即DA2=DM•DE,由DM=DB,所以DA2=DB•DE.(3)在△ABC中,AB=AC,若存在一点P,使PB=BA,PA=PC.点P能为△ABC的巧妙点,分别画出图形即可解答.【解答】解:(1)如图①;(2)∵AB=AC,∠BAC=36°,∴∠ABC=∠ACB=72°,在△ADB和△ABC中∴△ADB≌△ABC,同理:△ACE≌△ABC.∴∠BAD=∠BAC=∠CAE=36°,∠ADB=∠ABD=∠ABC=72°,∴∠DAE=∠BAD+∠BAC+∠CAE=108°,∵AD=AB=AC=AE,∴∠ADE=∠AED=36°=∠BAD,∴∠BDM=∠BDA﹣∠MDA=36°,∠BMD=∠ADM+∠DAM=72°=∠ABD,∴DB=DM.∵∠DBM=∠ABD,∠AED=∠BAD,∴△DAM∽△DEA,∴=,∴DA2=DM•DE,∵DM=DB,∴DA2=DB•DE.(3)第一种如图①或图②(只需画一个即可),∠BAC=60°.第二种如图③,∠BAC=36°;第三种如图④,∠BAC=108°;第四种如图⑤,∠BAC=120°.以上共四种:60°、36°、108°、120°.2020年7月21日。
洛阳市2020届高三物理一模考试试题含解析
C。 牵引力的功率要随时间均匀减小D. 牵引力大小跟洒水时间成反比
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】以车和水为研究对象,受力分析可知,水平方向受牵引力、摩擦阻力和空气阻力作用,由题意,车受到的摩擦阻力跟其质量成正比,受到的空气阻力跟车速成正比,根据牛顿第二定律知,
故选C。
3.相传我国早在5000多年前的黄帝时代就已经发明了一种指南车。如图所示为一种指南车模型,该指南车利用机械齿轮传动的原理,在任意转弯的情况下确保指南车上的小木人右手臂始终指向南方。关于该指南车模型,以下说法正确的是( )
A. 以指南车为参照物,车上的小木人始终是静止的
B. 如果研究指南车的工作原理,可以把车看成质点
故选B。
2.为了人民的健康和社会的长远发展,我国环保部门每天派出大量的洒水车上街进行空气净化除尘,已知某种型号的洒水车的操作系统是由发动机带动变速箱,变速箱带动洒水泵产生动力将罐体内的水通过管网喷洒出去,假设行驶过程中车受到的摩擦阻力跟其质量成正比,受到的空气阻力跟车速成正比,当洒水车在平直路面上匀速行驶并且匀速洒水时,以下判断正确的是( )
B.x1处的斜率大于x2处的斜率,说明x1处的电场强度大于x2处的电场强度,故B错误;
C.从x1处到x2处,电势逐渐降低,则移动正电荷,电场力一直做正功,电势能一直减小,故C错误;
D.根据Ep=qφ可知,正电荷在R处具有的电势能为零,在x2处的电势小于零,所以正电荷在此具有的电势能小于零,电势能为标量,正负号表示大小,所以同一个带正电荷的粒子在R处具有的电势能大于在x2处的电势能,故D错误。
故选D。
8.某静电场在x轴正半轴上的电势Φ随x变化的关系如图所示,则( )
2020年中考语文一模试卷(word版,含答案)
2020年中考语文一模试卷(满分150分,考试时间150分)一、积累与运用(20分)1.古诗文默写。
(10分)(1)洛阳亲友如相问,_____________。
(2)_____________,却话巴山夜雨时。
(3)苟全性命于乱世,_____________。
(4)_____________,_____________!风雨不动安如山。
(5)夫大国,难测也,_____________。
_____________,_____________,故逐之。
(6)辛弃疾在《破阵子·为陈同甫赋壮词以寄之》中,以“_____________,____________”的词句,表达了热切希望恢复河山、建功立业的壮志豪情。
2.不列词语中字形和加点字的字音全都正确的一项是(3分)A.粗犷(guǎng)酷肖(xiāo)一曝十寒蛛丝马迹B.倜(tì)傥哄(hōng)笑人声鼎沸方兴未艾C.强(qiáng)迫虔(qián)诚矫揉造作通霄达旦D.呈(chéng)报威慑(shè)锐不可挡断章取义3.阅读下面语段,回答问题。
(4分)一直以来,我们都在大力推动优秀传统文化进校园,但经典进校园不能仍停留在填鸭式的灌输上,必须以()的方式让今天的孩子去充分感受和接纳,从而内化于心,外化于行。
传统文化进校园是陶冶情操,要注重方式方法。
传统文化进校园,既不能(),也要防止走上应试教育的老路。
比如,戏曲进校园,不应追求让人人会唱,而是通过戏曲教学让他们了解戏曲、热爱戏曲、热爱中华文化,从骨子里植入民族精神。
有的学校就把黄梅戏的基本动作融入到大众操中,动作简单易学又优美,这样将趣味与体验相结合,可以让更多孩子体验黄梅戏,激发他们的学习兴趣。
(1)选择恰当的词语填入语段括号里。
(2分)喜闻乐见雅俗共赏照猫画虎生搬硬套(2)语段中画线的句子有语病,请写出修改后的句子。
(2分)4.下列关于文学文化常识表述不正确的一项是()(3分)A.乐府是自秦代以来朝廷设立的管理音乐的官署,汉武帝时期大规模扩建,从民间搜集了大量的诗歌,后人统称为汉乐府。
2020年高考第一次模拟考试理科综合试卷(全国I卷)Word版含答案
2020年高考第一次模拟考试理科综合试卷满分300分,考试时间150分钟。
可能用到的相对原子质量:H1 C12 N14 O16 Al27 S32 Fe56 Cu64 一、选择题(本题共13小题,每小题6分,共78分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.下列关于蛋白质和核酸的叙述,错误的是A.核酸和蛋白质能参与生物体内酶的合成过程B.蛋白质和核酸不一定都是由两条长链组成的C.核酸和多数蛋白质能降低化学反应的活化能D.病毒的蛋白质是在宿主细胞内以病毒的核酸为模板合成的2.下列物质转运实例中,以协助扩散形式进行的是A.K+经离子通道从神经细胞进入组织液B.蔗糖分子经胞间连丝在植物细胞间运输C.神经递质经突触前膜释放进入突触间隙D.人体甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞从血液中吸收碘3.下列关于细胞中转录和翻译的叙述,错误的是A.转录时RNA聚合酶具有解旋和催化合成RNA的功能B.转录中伴随着氢键的断裂、形成、断裂、形成过程C.翻译时需要rRNA,mRNA,tRNA,ATP等物质的参与D.线粒体、叶绿体、细胞核中都存在转录和翻译过程4.某动物卵巢中一个细胞内正在发生如图所示变化过程,此时该细胞内不可能发生的过程是A.核膜、核仁逐渐解体B.细胞缢裂形成大小不等两部分C.同源染色体正在配对D.两个中心体间距逐渐增大5.屈反射是肢体对损伤性刺激的屈曲反应,能引起这种反射的刺激部位包括皮肤表面及其深部结构。
产生的神经冲动主要使同侧的屈肌收缩,伸肌舒张。
下列叙述正确的是A.屈反射的感受器和效应器分别是皮肤表面及其深部结构、同侧屈肌和伸肌B.受刺激一侧发生屈反射时,另一侧可能会出现伸肌收缩、屈肌舒张的现象C.在屈反射中,神经元的神经纤维上能产生神经冲动并向两侧进行传导D.肌细胞膜上的特异性受体与神经递质结合后,膜电位一定会变为内正外负6.某研究团队调查了一山洼地带地鼠的种群数量,数据如表所示。
据此分析下列说法不正确的是A.调查该地鼠种群数量的方法很可能为标志重捕法,若标志物脱落则计算出的数值比实际值大B.未来一段时间该种群数量可能增大C.大量诱捕雄鼠可以降低该种群出生率D.种群中雄性个体较少可能是由于含Y精子比含X精子少7.2019年起全国地级及以上城市全面启动生活垃圾分类工作。
南昌市2020届一模试卷及答案
2020年江西省南昌市高考数学一模试卷(文科)一.选择题:本题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.(5分)已知集合{0A =,1,2),{|2}B x N x A =∈∈,则(B =)A .{0}B .{0,2}C .{0,12,2}D .{0,2,4}2.(5分)在复平面内,复数z i =对应的点为Z ,将向量OZ 绕原点O 按逆时针方向旋转23π,所得向量对应的复数是()A .1322i-+B .3122i -+C .1322i--D .3122i --3.(5分)一个正三棱柱的正(主)视图如图,则该正三棱柱的侧面积是()A .16B .12C .8D .64.(5分)《聊斋志异》中有:“挑水砍柴不堪苦,请归但求穿墙术”.在数学中,我们称形如以下形式的等式具有“穿墙术”:222233=333388=44441515=,则按照以上规律,若m mmm n n=具有“穿墙术”,则m ,n 满足的关系式为()A .2n m l =-B .2(1)n m =-C .2(1)n m =-D .21n m =-5.(5分)已知{}n a 是等差数列,且344a a +=-,788a a +=-,则这个数列的前10项和等于()A .16-B .30-C .32-D .60-6.(5分)已知抛物线2:4C y x =的焦点为F ,抛物线上一点的M 的纵坐标0y ,则02y >是||2MF >的()A .充分不必要条件B .必要不充分条件C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件7.(5分)2013年至2019年我国二氧化硫的年排放量(单位:万吨)如表,则以下结论中错误的是()年份2013201420152016201720182019排放量2217.921182043.91974.41859.11102.861014.6A .二氧化硫排放量逐年下降B .2018年二氧化硫减排效果最为显著C .2017年至2018年二氧化硫减排量比2013年至2016年二氧化硫减排量的总和大D .2019年二氧化硫减排量比2018年二氧化硫减排量有所增加8.(5分)已知双曲线2222:1(0,0)x y C a b a b-=>>的右焦点为F ,过原点O线交C 的右支于点A ,若||||OA OF =,则双曲线的离心率为()A B C .2D l+9.(5分)函数cos 1(),1(),1x ln xx fx xex π⎧->⎪=⎨⎪⎩ 的图象大致是()A .B .C .D .10.(5分)台球是一项国际上广泛流行的高雅室内体育运动,也叫桌球(中国粤港澳地区的叫法)、撞球(中国台湾地区的叫法).控制撞球点、球的旋转等控制母球走位是击球的一项重要技术,一次台球技术表演节目中,在台球桌上,画出如图正方形ABCD ,在点E ,F 处各放一个目标球,表演者先将母球放在点A 处,通过击打母球,使其依次撞击点E ,F 处的目标球,最后停在点C 处,若30AE cm =,40EF cm =,30FC cm =,60AEF CFE ∠=∠=︒,则该正方形的边长为()A .40cmB .156cmC .202cmD .1014cm11.(5分)已知0x y >>,1x ≠,1y ≠,则()A .(,0)aax y a R a >∈≠B .x xe e y x>C .y xx y >D .132x y l-->12.(5分)如图,点E 是正方体1111ABCD A B C D -的棱1DD 的中点,点F ,M 分别在线段AC ,1BD (不包含端点)上运动,则()A .在点F 的运动过程中,存在1//EF BCB .在点M 的运动过程中,不存在1B M AE ⊥C .四面体EMAC 的体积为定值D .四面体11FA C B 的体积不为定值二.填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.(5分)已知向量3)b = ,且a在b 方向上的投影为12,则?a b 等于.14.(5分)已知函数31()f x x x =-,则1(2)(2f lg f lg '-'=.15.(5分)已知1sin()43x π+=,则5cos()4x π-=.16.(5分)如图,一列圆222:()(0n n n n C x y a r a +-=>,0)n r >逐个外切,且所有的圆均与直线22y x =±相切,若1r l =,则1a =,n r =.三.解答题:共70分,解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤,第17-21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答;第22、23题为选考题,考生根据要求作答..(一)必考题:共60分.17.(12分)如图,D 是在ABC ∆边AC 上的一点,BCD ∆面积是ABD ∆面积的2倍,22CBD ABD θ∠=∠=.(Ⅰ)若6πθ=,求sin sin AC的值;(Ⅱ)若4BC =,AB =,求边AC 的长.18.(12分)如图,三棱柱11l ABC A B C -中,1A BCB -是棱长为2的正四面体.(Ⅰ)求证:1AC CC ⊥;(Ⅱ)求三棱锥1B ACC -的体积.19.(12分)某市2013年至2019年新能源汽车y (单位:百台)的数据如表:年份2013201420152016201720182019年份代号x1234567新能源汽车y58810141517(Ⅰ)求y 关于x 的线性回归方程,并预测该市2021年新能源汽车台数;(Ⅱ)该市某公司计划投资600台“双枪同充”(两把充电枪)、“一拖四群充”(四把充电枪)的两种型号的直流充电桩.按要求,充电枪的总把数不少于该市2021年新能源汽车预测台数,若双枪同充、一拖四群充的每把充电枪的日利润分别为25元,10元,问两种型号的充电桩各安装多少台时,才能使日利润最大,求出最大日利润.721(140ii x ==∑,71364)i i i x y ==∑附:回归直线的斜率和截距的最小二乘法估计公式分别为1221ˆniii nii x ynxy bxnx ==-=-∑∑,ˆˆay bx =-.20.(12分)已知函数,32()(1)3x f x mx m ln m =--+-,(1)m <.(Ⅰ)当12m =时,求()f x 的极值:(Ⅱ)证明:函数()f x 有且只有一个零点.21.(12分)定义:平面内两个分别以原点和两坐标轴为对称中心和对称轴的椭圆1E ,2E ,它们的长短半轴长分别为1a ,1b 和2a ,2b ,若满足21k a a =,21(,2)k b b k Z k =∈ ,则称2E 为1E 的k 级相似椭圆,已知椭圆22121:4x y E l b +=,2E 为1E 的2级相似椭圆,且焦点共轴,1E 与2E 的离心率之比为2.(Ⅰ)求2E 的方程;(Ⅱ)已知P 为2E 上任意一点,过点P 作1E 的两条切线,切点分别为1(A x ,1)y 、2(B x ,2)y .①证明:1E 在(l A x ,1)y 处的切线方程为112114x x y yb +=;②是否存在一定点到直线AB 的距离为定值,若存在,求出该定点和定值;若不存在,说明理由.(二)选考题:共10分,请考生在第22、23题中任选一题作答,如果多做,则按所做的第-题计分.[选修4-4:坐标系与参数方程]22.(10分)在直角坐标系xOy 中,以坐标原点为极点,x 轴的非负半轴为极轴建立极坐标系;曲线1C 的普通方程为22(1)1x y -+=,曲线2C 的参数方程为(x y θθθ⎧=⎪⎨=⎪⎩为参数).(Ⅰ)求曲线1C 和2C 的极坐标方程:(Ⅱ)设射线(0)6πθρ=>分别与曲线1C 和2C 相交于A ,B 两点,求||AB 的值.[选修4-5:不等式选讲]23.已知0a >,0b >,2a b +=.(Ⅰ)求111a b ++的最小值;(Ⅱ)证明:2a b b a ab+ .2020年江西省南昌市高考数学一模试卷(文科)一.选择题:本题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.(5分)已知集合{0A =,1,2),{|2}B x N x A =∈∈,则(B =)A .{0}B .{0,2}C .{0,12,2}D .{0,2,4}【解答】解: 集合{0A =,1,2),{|2}B x N x A =∈∈,{0B ∴=,2}.故选:B .2.(5分)在复平面内,复数z i =对应的点为Z ,将向量OZ 绕原点O 按逆时针方向旋转23π,所得向量对应的复数是()A .1322i-+B .3122i -+C .1322i --D .3122i--【解答】解: 由题意知复数z i =对应的向量OZ 按逆时钟方向旋转23π,∴旋转后的向量对应的复数为221331(cossin )()332222i i i i i ππ+=-+=--.故选:D .3.(5分)一个正三棱柱的正(主)视图如图,则该正三棱柱的侧面积是()A .16B .12C .8D .6【解答】解:根据正三棱柱图的正视图,可以转换出几何体为:如图所示:所以该几何体的底面边长为2b ==,所以正三棱柱体的侧面积为32212S =⨯⨯=.故选:B .4.(5分)《聊斋志异》中有:“挑水砍柴不堪苦,请归但求穿墙术”.在数学中,我们称形如以下形式的等式具有“穿墙术”:===,则按照以上规律,若=具有“穿墙术”,则m ,n 满足的关系式为()A .2n m l =-B .2(1)n m =-C .2(1)n m =-D .21n m =-【解答】解: =,∴=,3mn m m ∴+=,21n m ∴+=,21n m ∴=-.故选:D .5.(5分)已知{}n a 是等差数列,且344a a +=-,788a a +=-,则这个数列的前10项和等于()A .16-B .30-C .32-D .60-【解答】解:344a a +=- ,788a a +=-,347812a a a a ∴+++=-,11038476a a a a a a ∴+=+=+=-,1101010()302a a S +∴==-,故选:B .6.(5分)已知抛物线2:4C y x =的焦点为F ,抛物线上一点的M 的纵坐标0y ,则02y >是||2MF >的()A .充分不必要条件B .必要不充分条件C .充要条件D .既不充分也不必要条件【解答】解:设抛物线上一点的M 的纵坐标0y ,0||1MF x =+,若||2MF >,则01x >,则2044y x =>,解之得02y >,或02y <-,02y ∴>是02y >,或02y <-充分不必要条件,02y ∴>是||2MF >的充分不必要条件,故选:A .7.(5分)2013年至2019年我国二氧化硫的年排放量(单位:万吨)如表,则以下结论中错误的是()年份2013201420152016201720182019排放量2217.921182043.91974.41859.11102.861014.6A .二氧化硫排放量逐年下降B .2018年二氧化硫减排效果最为显著C .2017年至2018年二氧化硫减排量比2013年至2016年二氧化硫减排量的总和大D .2019年二氧化硫减排量比2018年二氧化硫减排量有所增加【解答】解:2013年至2019年我国二氧化硫的年减排放量分别为:99.9;75;68.6;115.5;756.24;88.26;由表格可知二氧化硫排放量逐年下降,A 正确;2018年二氧化硫减排效果最为显著,正确;2017年至2018年二氧化硫减排量比2013年至2016年二氧化硫减排量的总和大,正确;2019年二氧化硫减排量比2018年二氧化硫减排量有所增加,不正确;故选:D .8.(5分)已知双曲线2222:1(0,0)x y C a b a b-=>>的右焦点为F ,过原点O线交C 的右支于点A ,若||||OA OF =,则双曲线的离心率为()ABC .2Dl+【解答】解:||||OA OF c == ,直线OA()22c A ∴.由A 到左右焦点(,0)c -,(,0)c 的距离差为2a ,∴2a +=.1)2c a=则双曲线的离心率为1c e a ==.故选:D.9.(5分)函数cos 1(),1(),1x ln x x f x xex π⎧->⎪=⎨⎪⎩ 的图象大致是()A .B .C.D.【解答】解:根据题意,函数cos 1(),1(),1x ln x x f x xex π⎧->⎪=⎨⎪⎩ ,当1x >时,有1()()f x ln x x =-,x →+∞时,1x x -→+∞,有1()()f x ln x x=-→+∞,排除BC ,当1x =时,f (1)cos 1e eπ==,排除D ,故选:A .10.(5分)台球是一项国际上广泛流行的高雅室内体育运动,也叫桌球(中国粤港澳地区的叫法)、撞球(中国台湾地区的叫法).控制撞球点、球的旋转等控制母球走位是击球的一项重要技术,一次台球技术表演节目中,在台球桌上,画出如图正方形ABCD ,在点E ,F 处各放一个目标球,表演者先将母球放在点A 处,通过击打母球,使其依次撞击点E ,F 处的目标球,最后停在点C 处,若30AE cm =,40EF cm =,30FC cm =,60AEF CFE ∠=∠=︒,则该正方形的边长为()A .40cmB .156cmC .202cmD .1014cm 【解答】解:如图,连接AC 交EF 于点G ,由对称性可知,1202EG EF ==,在AEG∆中,由余弦定理有,22212cos 900400230207002AG AE EG AE EG AEG =+-∠=+-⨯⨯⨯= ,∴107AG =,∴2207AC AG ==∴2cos 457142AB AC =︒== .故选:D .11.(5分)已知0x y >>,1x ≠,1y ≠,则()A .(,0)aax y a R a >∈≠B .x xe e y x>C .y xx y >D .132x y l-->【解答】解:由0x y >>,1x ≠,1y ≠,取4x =,2y =,则可排除CD ;取12a =,则可排除A ,故选:B .12.(5分)如图,点E 是正方体1111ABCD A B C D -的棱1DD 的中点,点F ,M 分别在线段AC ,1BD (不包含端点)上运动,则()A .在点F 的运动过程中,存在1//EF BCB .在点M 的运动过程中,不存在1B M AE ⊥C .四面体EMAC 的体积为定值D .四面体11FA C B 的体积不为定值【解答】解:连接1AD ,由正方体的对角面为矩形可得11//AD BC ,取AD 的中点N ,连接EN ,可得EN 与EF 相交,且1//EN BC ,则EF 与1BC 异面,故A 错误;以A 为坐标原点O ,AB ,AD ,1AA 所在的直线为x ,y ,z 轴,设正方体的边长为2,可得(0E ,2,1),(2B ,0,0),1(0D ,2,2),1(2B ,0,2),设1BM tBD = ,可得1()OM OB t OD OB =+- (2=,0,0)(2t +-,2,2)(22t =-,2t ,2)t ,则(0AE = ,2,1),1(2B M t =- ,2t ,22)t -,由14220AE B M t t =+-= ,可得13t =,可得在点M 的运动过程中,存在1B M AE ⊥,故B 错误;四面体EMAC 的体积为13EAC S h ∆,(h 为M 到平面AEC 的距离),连接AC ,交BD 于H ,连接EH ,可得1//EH BD ,EH ⊂平面EAC ,1BD ⊂/平面EAC ,可得1//BD 平面EAC ,则1BD 到平面EAC 的距离为h ,显然h 为定值,EAC ∆的面积也为定值,故四面体EMAC 的体积为定值,故C 正确;四面体11FA C B 的体积为1113A CB S h ' ,(h '为F 到平面11AC B 的距离),由11//AC A C ,AC ⊂/平面11A C B ,11A C ⊂平面11A C B ,可得//AC 平面11A C B ,AC 到平面11A C B 的距离为h ',显然h '为定值,△11A C B 的面积也为定值,故四面体11FA C B 的体积为定值,故D 错误.故选:C .二.填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.(5分)已知向量b = ,且a 在b 方向上的投影为12,则?a b 等于1.【解答】解:因为向量b = ,且a在b 方向上的投影为12,所以:||2b ==;∴a在b 方向上的投影为:122||a b a b b == ;∴?1a b =;故答案为:1.14.(5分)已知函数31()f x x x =-,则1(2)(2f lg f lg '-'=0.【解答】解:31()f x x x =-,则221()3f x x x'=+,则()f x '为偶函数,1(2)((2)(2)(2)(2)02f lg f lg f lg f lg f lg f lg ∴'-'='-'-='-'=,故答案为:0.15.(5分)已知1sin()43x π+=,则5cos()4x π-=13-.【解答】解:因为1sin()cos )43x x x π+==+,则51cos()cos[()]cos()(cos sin )444223x x x x x ππππ-=+-=--=-+=-;故答案为:13-.16.(5分)如图,一列圆222:()(0n n n n C x y a r a +-=>,0)n r >逐个外切,且所有的圆均与直线y =±相切,若1r l =,则1a =3,n r =.【解答】解:因为一列圆222:()(0n n n n C x y a r a +-=>,0)n r >逐个外切,且所有的圆均与直线y =±相切,所以圆心到直线的距离为圆的半径,所以3nn a r ==,所以3n n a r =,因为11r =,所以13a =,由题意可得:11n n n n a a r r ++-=+,所以1133n n n n r r r r ++-=+,整理可得:124n n r r +=,即12n nr r +=,所以{}n r 为等比数列,首项11r =,公比2q =,所以通项12n n r -=;故答案分别为:3,12n -.三.解答题:共70分,解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤,第17-21题为必考题,每个试题考生都必须作答;第22、23题为选考题,考生根据要求作答..(一)必考题:共60分.17.(12分)如图,D 是在ABC ∆边AC 上的一点,BCD ∆面积是ABD ∆面积的2倍,22CBD ABD θ∠=∠=.(Ⅰ)若6πθ=,求sin sin AC的值;(Ⅱ)若4BC =,AB =,求边AC的长.【解答】解:()I 因为1223CBD ABD θπ∠=∠==,所以111sin 2sin 2326BC BD BA BD ππ=⨯ ,所以sin 23sin 3BC A BA C ===;()II 因为11sin 22sin 22BC BD BA BD θθ=⨯ ,即42sin cos 2θθθ⨯=⨯,所以cos 2θ=,所以4πθ=,334ABC πθ∠==,所以216824()402AC =+-⨯⨯-=,所以AC =.18.(12分)如图,三棱柱11l ABC A B C -中,1A BCB -是棱长为2的正四面体.(Ⅰ)求证:1AC CC ⊥;(Ⅱ)求三棱锥1B ACC -的体积.【解答】解:(Ⅰ)证明:如图,取1BB 的中点E ,连结CE ,交1BC 于点O ,则点O 为1BCB ∆的重心,连结AO ,设11BC B C 于点F ,依题意点A 在底面的投影为1BCB ∆的重心,即AO ⊥平面11BCC B ,1AO BB ∴⊥,1BCB ∆ 是正三角形,1CE BB ∴⊥,CE AO O = ,1BB ∴⊥平面AEC ,1BB AC ∴⊥,1AC CC ∴⊥.(Ⅱ)解:由1A BCB -是棱长为2的正四面体,233CO CE ∴==,2AC =,3AO =,12BC CC == ,1120BCC ∠=︒,∴11111sin 2222BCC S BC CC BCC =⨯⨯⨯∠=⨯⨯⨯ ,∴三棱锥1B ACC -的体积为:111333B ACC A BCC V V --==⨯=.19.(12分)某市2013年至2019年新能源汽车y (单位:百台)的数据如表:年份2013201420152016201720182019年份代号x1234567新能源汽车y58810141517(Ⅰ)求y 关于x 的线性回归方程,并预测该市2021年新能源汽车台数;(Ⅱ)该市某公司计划投资600台“双枪同充”(两把充电枪)、“一拖四群充”(四把充电枪)的两种型号的直流充电桩.按要求,充电枪的总把数不少于该市2021年新能源汽车预测台数,若双枪同充、一拖四群充的每把充电枪的日利润分别为25元,10元,问两种型号的充电桩各安装多少台时,才能使日利润最大,求出最大日利润.721(140ii x ==∑,71364)i i i x y ==∑附:回归直线的斜率和截距的最小二乘法估计公式分别为1221ˆniii nii x ynxy bxnx ==-=-∑∑,ˆˆay bx =-.【解答】解:(Ⅰ)依题意知,123456747x ++++++==,58810141517117y ++++++==,721140ii x==∑,71364i i i x y ==∑,所以71722173647411ˆ21407167iii ii x yxybxx ==--⨯⨯===-⨯-∑∑,ˆˆ11243a y bx =-=-⨯=,所以y 关于x 的回归方程为ˆ23y x =+.当9x =时,ˆ29321y=⨯+=,故预测2021年该市新能源汽车大约有2100台.(Ⅱ)设一拖四群充、双枪同充分别安装m 台,600m -台,每天的利润为z 元,则42(600)2100m m +- ,即450m ,4050(600)300001030000450025500z m m m =+-=--= ,所以当450m =时,z 取得最大值25500.故当双枪同充安装150台,一拖四群充安装450台时,每天的利润最大,最大利润为25500元.20.(12分)已知函数,32()(1)3x f x mx m ln m =--+-,(1)m <.(Ⅰ)当12m =时,求()f x 的极值:(Ⅱ)证明:函数()f x 有且只有一个零点.【解答】解:(1)当12m =时,32111()3222x f x x ln =--+,2()(1)f x x x x x '∴=-=-,∴当(,0)x ∈-∞时,()0f x '>,函数()f x 单调递增;当(0,1)x ∈时,()0f x '<,函数()f x 单调递减;当(1,)x ∈+∞时,函数()0f x >,∴函数()f x 的极大值为1(0)22f ln =--,极小值为f (1)223ln =--;(Ⅱ)证明:2()2(2)f x x mx x x m '=-=-,①当0m =时,2()0f x x '= ,3()3x f x =只有一个零点0,符合题意,②当0m <时,()f x 在(,2)m -∞上单调递增,在(2,0)m 上单调递减,在(0,)+∞上单调递增,(0)(1)f m ln m =-+- ,0m <,设()(1)g m m ln m =-+-(0)m <,显然()g m 单调递减,()(0)0g m g ∴>=,即(0)0f >,()f x ∴只有一个零点,符合题意,③当01m <<时,()f x 在(,0)-∞上单调递增;在(0,2)m 上单调递减;在(2,)m +∞上单调递增,(0)(1)f m ln m =-+- ,01m <<,由②构造的函数知,()(0)0g m g <=,即(0)0f <,则()f x 只有一个零点,符合题意,综上所述,1m <时,函数()f x 有且只有一个零点.21.(12分)定义:平面内两个分别以原点和两坐标轴为对称中心和对称轴的椭圆1E ,2E ,它们的长短半轴长分别为1a ,1b 和2a ,2b ,若满足21k a a =,21(,2)k b b k Z k =∈ ,则称2E 为1E 的k 级相似椭圆,已知椭圆22121:4x y E l b +=,2E 为1E 的2级相似椭圆,且焦点共轴,1E 与2E的离心率之比为2.(Ⅰ)求2E 的方程;(Ⅱ)已知P 为2E 上任意一点,过点P 作1E 的两条切线,切点分别为1(A x ,1)y 、2(B x ,2)y .①证明:1E 在(l A x ,1)y 处的切线方程为112114x x y yb +=;②是否存在一定点到直线AB 的距离为定值,若存在,求出该定点和定值;若不存在,说明理由.【解答】解:(Ⅰ)由题意可知12a =,24a =,221b b =,则222211112144a b b e a --==,22222222221616a b b e a --==,而22112222114(4)441647e b e b b -===-+,解213b =,23b =,故椭圆221:143x y E +=上,椭圆222:1169x y E +=.(Ⅱ)①联立椭圆与直线方程,11221122143361240143x x y yx x x y x y ⎧+=⎪⎪⇒-+-=⎨⎪+=⎪⎩,点A 在椭圆221:143x y E +=上,有221134120x y +-=,所以△22211113612(124)12(3412)0x y x y =--=+-=,即直线与椭圆相切,所以过点A 的切线方程为11143x x y y+=,②由①知,过点B 的切线方程为22143x x y y+=,设0(P x ,0)y ,则22001169x y +=,则220916144x y +=,两条切线都经过点P ,则满足方程组10102020143143x x y y x x y y ⎧+=⎪⎪⎨⎪+=⎪⎩那么点A 和点B 都在直线00143x y yx +=上,则直线AB 的方程为00143x y yx +=上,即003412x x y y +=,假设存在一定点(C C x ,)C y 到直线AB 的距离为定值.即距离00|3412|12C C x x y y d +-==为定值,则0C C x y ==,1d =,故存在一定点(0,0)C 到直线AB 的距离为1.(二)选考题:共10分,请考生在第22、23题中任选一题作答,如果多做,则按所做的第-题计分.[选修4-4:坐标系与参数方程]22.(10分)在直角坐标系xOy 中,以坐标原点为极点,x 轴的非负半轴为极轴建立极坐标系;曲线1C 的普通方程为22(1)1x y -+=,曲线2C的参数方程为(x y θθθ⎧=⎪⎨=⎪⎩为参数).(Ⅰ)求曲线1C 和2C 的极坐标方程:(Ⅱ)设射线(0)6πθρ=>分别与曲线1C 和2C 相交于A ,B 两点,求||AB 的值.【解答】解:(Ⅰ)曲线1C 的普通方程为22(1)1x y -+=,整理得222x y x +=,转换为极坐标方程为2cos ρθ=.曲线2C的参数方程为(x y θθθ⎧=⎪⎨=⎪⎩为参数),转换为直角坐标方程为22132x y +=,转换为极坐标方程为22222cos 3sin 60ρθρθ+-=.第21页(共21页)(Ⅱ)由(Ⅰ)得:2cos 6ρθπθ=⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩,解得12cos 6πρ==.22222cos 3sin 606ρθρθπθ⎧+-=⎪⎨=⎪⎩,解得22924ρ=,即2ρ=所以12||||3AB ρρ=-=.[选修4-5:不等式选讲]23.已知0a >,0b >,2a b +=.(Ⅰ)求111a b ++的最小值;(Ⅱ)证明:2a b b a ab + .【解答】解:(Ⅰ)0a >,0b >,2a b +=.所以111111114((1))[2(21313133b a a b a b a b a b ++=+++=+++=+++ ,当且仅当32a =,12b =时,取等号.111a b ++的最小值为:43.(Ⅱ)证明:要证明2a b b a ab+ ,由0a >,0b >,即证明222a b + ,因为2a b +,所以当且仅当a b =1,即222a b + 成立,所以:2a b b a ab+ .。
2020届上海市青浦区高三一模语文试卷(附答案及解题说明)
2020届青浦区高三年级期终学业质量调研测试(一模)语文试卷2019.121.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分,试卷包括试题与答题要求,所有答题必须写在答题纸上,做在试卷上一律不得分。
2.答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的,答题时应注意,不能错位。
3.考试时间150分钟。
试卷满分150分。
一、积累与运用(1-5题)(10分)1.按要求填空。
(5分)(《江城子》苏轼)《扬州慢》姜夔)⑶《踏莎行••郴州旅舍》中,作者秦观借郴江表达自己复杂情感的句子是:“郴江幸自绕郴山,为谁流下潇湘去”。
2. 按要求选择。
(5分)⑴下列句子用语得体的一项是( B )(2分)A.日前丢失支票,蒙您及时送回,不胜感激。
明天我将专程前来致谢,请在家恭候。
B.久仰兄长大名,奉上拙著一本,鄙人才疏识浅,书中可能谬误甚多,敬请斧正。
C.听说贵公司在经营方面存在困难,如您们需要帮助,我们将鼎力相助,不遗余力。
D.今天的活动是两校师生的一个交流平台,我校李教授将发表高见,请大家洗耳恭听。
⑵将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处,语意连贯的一项是( C )(3分)“理性经济人”,把利己看作人的天性,只追求个人利益的最大化,这是西方经济学的基本假设之一。
_________,_________。
_________,人们不再把所有权看作获得产品的最佳方式,不再注重购买、拥有产品或服务,反而更多地采取一种合作分享的思维方式,更倾向于暂时获得产品或服务,或与他人分享产品或服务。
使用但不占有,是分享经济最简洁的表述。
①但在分享经济这一催化剂的作用下②在新兴的互联网平台上③这个利己主义的假设发生了变化A.③①②B. ②③①C. ①③②D. ③②①解析:①后为③。
二、阅读(70分)(一)阅读下文,完成3-7题。
(16分)差序格局 (节选)费孝通“ _____ , ____ ”的俗语。
谁也不敢否认这俗语多少是中国人的信条。
其实抱有这种态度丽也没有了,文人笔墨里是中国的威尼斯。
2020中考一模考试《语文卷》含答案解析
2020年部编版中考全真模拟测试语文试题学校________ 班级________ 姓名________ 成绩________一、基础(24分)1.根据课文默写古诗文。
(10分)(1)水何澹澹,。
(曹操《观沧海》)(1分)(2)青青子佩,悠悠我思。
,?(《子衿》)(2分)(3)欧阳修曾叹:泪眼问花花不语,乱红飞过秋千去。
其实,《己亥杂诗》中“,”一诗句,又何尝不是一种新意呢?它不是表现了龚自珍载着“浩荡离愁”辞官还乡,仍关心国家的前途和命运吗?(2分)(4),雪上空留马行处。
(岑参《白雪歌送武判官归京》)(1分)(5)请把李贺的《雁门太守行》补充完整(4分)黑云压城城欲摧,甲光向日金鳞开。
,。
半卷红旗临易水,霜重鼓寒声不起。
,。
2.根据拼音写相应的词语()(4分)(1)邓稼先是中华民族核武器事业的diàn jī(_______)人和开拓者。
(2)经历一整年的低位pán huán(______)后,人民币汇率已走出寒冬,重回稳定运行的轨道。
(3)国家公祭日之长鸣警钟zhèn lóng fā kuì (______________),那些装睡梦游的罪恶灵魂无处遁形。
(4)我看了信,也很悲伤,不是为自己的diān pèi liú1í(____________),是想到十年来的社会现象,像叶圣陶先生这样的人竟越来越少了。
3.下列句子中加点词语使用不恰当...的一项是()(3分)A.听了他的话,我这才突然间恍然大悟....:原来是这样啊!B.我看到一些独生子女的父母那样溺爱子女,凡事都依着孩子的性子来,也颇不以为然....。
C.以这种不求甚解....的方式,我学会了拼写“针”、“杯子”以及“坐”、“站”、“行”这些词。
D.由于无人管理,小区门前的共享单车堆积如山,居民不得不乐此不疲....的绕道而行。
4.下列句子修改不正确...的一项是()(3分)A.守岛英雄王继才历时十余载,战胜并克服重重困难,最终不辱使命,完成了家国重托。
2020年中考英语一模试卷(含答案)
2020年中考英语一模试卷一、单项选择(共15小题;每小题l分,计15分)1.(1分)﹣﹣﹣ Have you seen ____ documentary Amazing China, Tom?﹣﹣﹣ Yes, it is quite ____ amazing film and inspires the patriotism(燃起爱国热情) of every Chinese.()A.a, theB.the, anC.a, aD./, an2.(1分)This is _____ T﹣shirt and those are _______.()A.my; theirB.my; theirsC.mine; theirsD.mine; they3.(1分)Lily's parents always encourage her ____out her opinions.()A.speakB.speakingC.to speakD.spoken4.(1分)﹣Sorry, I'm late. Has the meeting begun?﹣It doesn't matter. The meetingfor several minutes.()A.has just begunB.has just been overC.has just been onD.has just ended5.(1分)Tom!You're no longer a 3﹣year﹣old kid.I can cook dinner for you,but don't expect me to dofor you.Go and tidy your room!()A.everythingB.somethingC.anythingD.nothing6.(1分)She _____her husband for 15 years,but she didn't know much about him when they got married.()A.has marriedB.has been married toC.has been married withD.has got married to7.(1分)What a surprise to see you here!Whenyouback?()A.do;getB.did;getC.have;gotD.will;get8.(1分)If you can't read the article,it will be meaningless to you.The﹣less in the word"meaningless"means .()A.withB.withoutC.full ofD.out of9.(1分)﹣A homeless man won a lottery(彩票)ticket. He became rich over night.﹣________.()A.Better safe than sorryB.The early bird catches the wormC.Every dog has its dayD.When the cat is away, the mice will play10.(1分)﹣ I really can't believe such a learned man has made such a silly mistake.﹣Don't you know __________sense is worth more than knowledge?()A.generalB.usualC.specialD.common11.(1分)﹣How much work have you finished ______ for the coming exam?﹣Everything is done. I'm ready for it.()A.preparedB.preparingC.to prepareD.to preparing12.(1分)﹣Could you tell me ______?﹣Rome was not built in a day. Practice makes perfect.()A.how can I speak English wellB.where can I speak English wellC.why I should speak English wellD.what I can do to speak English well13.(1分)﹣Why did the 79﹣year﹣old Mrs. Sun set up this organization?﹣To help those children get a good education ______ most people of her age never had.()A.whichB.whoC.whatD.when14.(1分)﹣I missed the match of Liu Shiwen last night. ______, Andy?﹣Amazing. It's the most wonderful match I've ever seen.()A.What forB.What was it likeC.What was wrongD.What was it about15.(1分)﹣Jack, remember that a single flower does not make a spring.﹣______.()A.Good ideaB.OK. I willC.That's all rightD.Oh, forget it二、完形填空(共1小题;每小题l分,计15分)16.(15分)Bob opened the box and drew the shoes out. He put them on quickly to feel how they felt on his feet. They (1) a glove."Are those the ones you like, dear?" his mother asked."Certainly!" Bob was (2). These were the best shoes ever. He couldn't hide his (3). "I'm wearing them out of the store."While his mother paid for them, Bob walked back and forth (4)his shoes in front of the mirror. Bob felt like he was floating on air. Just as they were about to leave the store,an old man stepped on his new shoes, leaving a black (5)on the front."Hey!" Bob shouted (6)."Oh, sorry there, young man, " the old man said."Look what you did to my shoes.(7)where you are going! ""I'm sorry, sir." His mother's face was red. Then she turned to Bob andsaid (8)."Bob! Say sorry to the gentleman.""But, mum! He(9) on my shoes.""You won't have any shoes to be stepped upon,(10)you don't apologize."Bob looked into the old man's cloudy eyes, he realized that the man didn't (11)very well. The old man probably had stepped on his foot (12)."I'm sorry, sir."The old man said, smilingly, "No worries. It was my (13). I need to watch where I put my feet, too." Then he walked away.Bob felt uneasy as he saw the old man's shoes. They were really worn out.Suddenly, his new shoes didn't seem so (14). His old ones weren't that dirty or worn out."Mum, do I really need new shoes?" He wondered. "Did you see that old man's shoes? I just feel bad. I won't ask for so many new shoes anymore."Mum nodded, "I'm glad that you say so, but don't forget to(15) the elders."Bob smiled, "I won't. Not again."(1)A. fit like B. looked like C. felt like D. dressed like (2)A. excited B. moved C. tired D. bored(3)A. sadness B. strength C. happiness D. care(4)A. holding B. cleaning C. designing D. admiring(5)A. note B. mark C. shape D. hole(6)A. sadly B. angrily C. calmly D. shyly(7)A. Plan B. Watch C. Head D. Follow(8)A. happily B. politely C. nervously D. seriously (9)A. climbed B. fell C. stepped D. put(10)A. if B. unless C. although D. so(11)A. notice B. hear C. see D. understand (12)A. by himself B. by accident C. by far D. by nature (13)A. worry B. question C. trouble D. mistake(14)A. famous B. colourful C. necessary D. comfortable (15)A. respect B. serve C. like D. believe三、阅读理解(共l5小题;每小题6分,计30分)17.(6分)The Metropolitan Museum of Art1000 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 1002811﹣535﹣7710 . metmuseum. orgEntrancesFifth Avenue at 82nd StreetHoursOpen 7 days a weekSunday﹣一Thursday 10:00一17:30Friday and Saturday 10:00一21:00Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, January 1, and the first Monday in May.Admission﹩25. 00 recommended for adults,﹩12. 00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters(回廊)on the same day, free for children under 12 with an adult.Free with AdmissionAll special exhibitions, as well as films, lectures, guided tours,concerts,gallery talks,and family/children's programmes are free with admissions.Ask about today's activities at the Great Hall information desk.The Cloisters Museum and GardensThe Cloisters Museum and Gardens is a branch(分支)of the Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture(建筑)of Europe in the Middle Ages. The extensive collection is made up of masterworks in sculpture, coloured glass,and rare and valuable objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.Hours: Open 7 days a weekMarch﹣October 10:00﹣17:15November﹣February 10:00﹣16:45Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, and January 1.(1)How much may they pay if an 11﹣year﹣old girl and her working parents visit the museum?A.﹩12.B.﹩37.C.﹩50.D.﹩62.(2)The attraction of the Cloisters Museum and Gardens lies in the fact that.A. it opens all the year roundB. its collections date from the Middle AgesC. it has a modern European﹣style garden(3)Which of the following sentences about "the Metropolitan Museum of Art" isTRUE?A. It is not open on some special days.B. It is part of The Cloisters Museum and Gardens.C. After you enter it, you still have to pay to visit all the special exhibitions.D. With admission, you can visit the Main Building and The Cloisters any day.18.(8分)A great woman once said, "Women must try to do things as men have tried. When they fail, their failure must be a challenge to others." These are the words of US pilot Amelia Earhart (1897﹣1937), a pioneer in aviation(航空领域),who was the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean.Earhart was born in 1897.When she was young, she was very interested in stories about women who were successful in male﹣dominated(男性为主的)jobs,such as engineering and law.But in 1920, Earhart's life changed after her first experience of being a plane passenger. As soon as the plane left the ground,Earhart knew that she loved flying and was determined(坚定的)to be a pilot.So she found herself a teacher and started to learn how to fly for herself.To pay for the lessons and buy a plane of her own, she took all sorts of jobs.In 1932, Earhart flew alone across the Atlantic, becoming the first woman ever to do so. She also designed a flying suit for women and went on to design other clothes for women who led active lives.When she was nearly 40, Earhart was ready for a final challenge﹣to be the first woman to fly around the world. Her first attempt was unsuccessful but she tried again in 1937, with her navigator(领航员)Fred Noonan. But one month later, they disappeared without a trace(踪迹)in bad weather in mid﹣flight. Her death remained a mystery until recently. A study published in March conducted by Richard Jantz from the University of Tennessee, US, announced that bones found in 1940 on a faraway Pacific island belonged to Earhart.Even though it's still not clear how she ended up on the island, we're one step closer to finding the answer.(1)When did Earhart first fly across the Atlantic Ocean alone?A. In 1920.B. In 1932.C. In 1937.D. In 1940.(2)What started Earhart's interest in flying?A. Her parent's influence.B. Her teachers' encouragement.C. Her first experience as a passenger.D. Her childhood love for engineering.(3)Which of the following words best describes Earhart?A. Open﹣minded and patient.B. Creative and helpful.C. Talented and unsocial.D. Pioneering and determined.(4)What's the article mainly about?A. The inspiring life story of Earhart.B. Some possible causes of Earhart's death.C. The discovery of Earhart's bones.D. What made Earhart a great pilot.19.(8分)I passed one of my US workmates and gave her a friendly greeting. Her reply was anything but friendly."What?""Er…you all right?" I tried again.She looked at me, showing no understanding. Then suddenly the cloud seemed to lift from her mind."Oh," she said. "You mean, 'How am I doing? ' I thought you meant I had something on my face."As a British person coming to Beijing, I knew there would be cultural and language barriers (障碍)between Chinese people and myself.What I wasn't expecting were the cultural and language barriers between other English﹣speaking foreigners and myself.Before the 2012 London Olympic Games, the Daily Mail newspaper publisheda guide to British English for Americans. Some of their examples were: "Thoseare 'chips'(炸薯条)that go with your burger, instead of fries. You'd like some potato chips? Those are 'crisps'." And, "The best way to travel around the city during the Olympics will be by the 'underground'('tube' in British English)."Any conversation I have with an American is proof(证明)of why a guide like this is necessary. British people usually know the American versions of words from TV or films (sorry﹣movies),but Americans never seem to have enough knowledge about British English.The trouble is, it's not just Americans. When I speak English to non﹣English speakers, I never know whether they have learned British or American English. When they say "chips", for example, do they mean "French fries" or "potato chips"?I can't help thinking back to the Daily Mail article, "When you talk about'pants'…in Britain, that means underwear(裤)." "Trousers" is the more appropriate(恰当的)word.However, even though British English may have come first, around the world,the American way of spelling is getting more popular.Last month a survey released by US social media platform Steemit showed that English publications, now largely use the American spelling, exchanging words like "centre" for "center". So it comes as no surprise that everyone I know just says "pants".(1)Why does the writer mention her conversation with an American workmate at the beginning?A. To show how she gets along with American workmates in the office.B. To explain how to clear up misunderstandings between workmates.C. To introduce the differences between British and American English.D. To describe what her life looked like after she came to Beijing.(2)The underlined sentence "the cloud seemed to lift from her mind" in Paragraph4 means"".A. she became confident of herselfB. she came to understand the situationC. she felt excited for what she heardD. she was not sure what to do next(3)According to the passage, which of the following is WRONG?A. "Chips" in the UK is "fries" in the US.B. "Centre" in the UK is "center" in the US.C. "Trousers" in Britain is "pants" in America.D. "Are you all right? " means different things in Britain and America.(4)Which of the following would the writer probably agree with?A. British people don't care much about American English.B. Culture and language differences don't influence understanding.C. Non﹣English speakers can't tell British English from American English.D. It's necessary to know the differences between American and British English.20.(8分)If you give money to a stranger on the street, does that make you a nice person? Do you always offer to help someone struggling with heavy bags? Do you often donate blood?You may consider yourself to be a nice person, but you're probably not as nice as you think.This is a new study carried out by professors from the University ofLondon. The study looked into whether there is a connection between nice people and their levels of health, wealth and happiness.During the study,participants (参与者)were given a list of "nice" activities and asked which ones they often do. The result was surprising 98 percent of us consider ourselves to be among the nicest 50 percent of the population."In most cases, people think of themselves as nice, but it is not as simple as that," study leader Jonathan Freeman told.The most common practices were giving directions to strangers, holding doors open and giving up seats on public transport. However, 3/4 said that they rarely helped people carry heavy shopping bags,and only 1/6 often gave money to strangers. Just 1/4 donated blood often or helped someone cross the road.Though our thoughts of ourselves didn't match up with scientific research,this nicer than others thought, according to Freeman, may actually do good to us. In the study led by Freeman, those who thought themselves as "nice" were likely(可能的)to be richer, healthier and happier. "Nice" people are almost three times more satisfied with their lives and make more money compared to the "not very nice" participants."Our study shows that participants who report that they are 'nice' scored higher on emotional intelligence(情商), and it can help them deal better with stress and troubles in their lives," Freeman told The Independent.(1)What does the article mainly talk about?A. "Not very nice people" must be unhappier.B. Nice people must be richer and happier.C. Nice people may be happier than the "not very nice".D. The "not very nice" may be wealthier than nice people.(2)What's the main idea for Paragraphs 3, 4 and 5?A. People are probably as nice as they think.B. A new study about nice activities was carried out.C. Most people consider themselves to be nicer than others.D. People's thoughts of themselves didn't match up with scientific research.(3)According to the study,which of the following is WRONG with the participants?A. Most of them always thought of themselves nice.B. Only one in seven often gave money to strangers.C. They sometimes offer to help someone struggling with heavy bags.D. Just a quarter donated blood often or helped someone cross the road.(4)What does the underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refer to(指的是)?A. The study.B. The stress.C. Being nicer to others.D. Having higher emotional intelligence.四、词汇运用(共l0小题;每小题l分,计l0分)根据句子意思,用括号中所给汉语提示或英语单词的适当形式填空,写出空缺处所填单词的正确形式.(每空一词)21.(1分)Let's work together to try out new ideas because they sound far( excite).22.(1分)(decide), as well as action, is the key to success.23.(1分)The girl kept(regret) missing the chance to study abroad.24.(1分)Some people think that their needs of enjoying life (satisfy) if a robot is in service.25.(1分)Keeping your worries to (you) will make it worse, boys and girls.26.(1分)Not until Columbus discovered America were bananas brought to.(欧洲)27.(1分)It's easy to compareif you shop online.(价格)28.(1分)It's clear to me that something needs to be done about in the city.(污染)29.(1分)Sun Peiyuan hopes one day Wushu will be added to theGames.(奥林匹克的)30.(1分)In 1969 about 600 million people watchedmost famous space mission.(历史)五、任务型阅读(共l0空;每空l分,计l0分)阅读下列短文,根据短文中的信息完成文后表格,写出空缺处所填单词的正确形式.(每空一词)31.(10分) Today's smart﹣phones can do almost anything, but like all tools,they should be used wisely. Here are some problematic habits that smart﹣phone should avoid.Imagine you're rushing through a crowded subway station,late for an appointment. Suddenly someone is blocking your way, walking very slowly,fiddling(用手拨弄)with their smart﹣phone. You probably feel annoyed, but do you ever do the same thing? For your own safety, put the phone away while walking.When you see someone who looks different, you may want to take a picture or a video. But recording people's daily lives can be rude and hurtful. If you want a picture, ask for permission. Your friends may not mind you taking pictures of them. But ask before posting anything embarrassing online. Showing theirmistakes for the world to see is sure to hurt your friendship . And once pictures are posted , they're impossible to remove .Smart ﹣phone are great tools for communication . It's common to see people sitting together , not speaking but looking quietly at their smart ﹣phones . Real friendships require face ﹣to ﹣face interaction (互动). Facial expressions and body language express far more than words .As you smart ﹣phone is always available , you always have something to do . But that may not be a good thing . Some say that unused time is necessary for creative thinking . So don't spend every spare moment with your phone . Instead , see what great ideas you can think up .Some habits that smart ﹣phone should (1)Habits Ways (2)Play the phone while walking . Put the phone away . You maybe (3) somebody's way and get them angry .You should keep yourself (4).Taking pictures or video of some (5) peopleand posting themonline . Ask for permission (6).It can be rude and hurtful to (7) people's daily lives . Showing friends'(8) for the world to see is sure to hurt your friendship . Once pictures are posted , they'reimpossible to move .Spending every spare moment with your phone . Do some face ﹣to ﹣face interaction . Do some (9) thinking .Facial expressions and body languageexpress far more than (10).六、缺词填空(共10空;每空l 分,计l0分)根据短文容和首字母提示,在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整,写出空缺处各单词的正确形式.(每空一词)32.(10分)In the evening , Dorothy decided to go into the little cottage in the trees .She was very tired and she l (1) down on the leaves with Toto and they fell asleep .The Scarecrow stood near the door . He was never tired because he had no brain .The next morning they left the cottage and looked for a stream of f (2) water . Suddenly they heard someone groaning .It was the Tin Woodman , a man madeof tin,holding an axe in his hands.He wasn't m(3) at all but groaning. Dorothy ran back to the little house and found the oilcan the Tin Woodman told her. Then she put some o(4) on his neck, arms and legs. He turned his head and bent his arms and legs."When it r(5), I get wet and then I can't move." The Tin Wood man said, "Who are you?""I'm Dorothy and this is the Scarecrow." Dorothy explained, "We are going to see the Great Oz in the Emerald City. I want to ask him to s(6) me back to Kansas. The Scarecrow wants to ask him for a b(7)." " Can Oz give me a heart?" the Tin Woodman asked. "I don't know," Dorothy r(8), " Come with us and ask him."They all started walking back to the yellow brick road. It took them intoa d(9) forest.There wasn't much light because the sunshine couldn't get t(10) the branches of the trees.The only noises were strange!七、书面表达(计30分)A. 句子翻译(共5小题;每小题2分,计10分)33.(2分)保护野生动物是多么重要啊!34.(2分)宋先生加人排球俱乐部已经三年了.35.(2分)服用此药前,请仔细阅读说明.36.(2分)你介意教我如何在网上预定火车票吗?37.(2分)在茱萸湾公园看到这么多有趣的动物,当时我简直不敢相信自己的眼睛.B. 写作(计20分)38.(20分)今年3月5号学雷锋纪念日,你校组织志愿者去夕阳红敬老院开展"学雷锋,送温暖"活动.假如你是学生华,请将活动情况介绍给你的美国笔友Ben,分享这次美好的经历.活动时间3月5日活动地点夕阳红敬老院(Xiyanghong Nursing Home)参加人员学校志愿者活动容1.送鲜花和水果 2.帮助打扫卫生 3.……活动感想1.关爱和尊重老人 2.……要求:(1)表达清楚,语确,上下文连贯;(2)必须包括表格中的所有信息,并按要求适当发挥;(3)词数:100左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);(4)不得使用真实、校名和地名等.Dear Ben,Thank you for your last email. Let me tell you what we did in our school on March 5.________.I'd like to hear about volunteering work in your school.Best wishes,Zhang Hua参考答案与试题解析一、单项选择(共15小题;每小题l分,计15分)1.(1分)﹣﹣﹣ Have you seen ____ documentary Amazing China, Tom?﹣﹣﹣ Yes, it is quite ____ amazing film and inspires the patriotism(燃起爱国热情) of every Chinese.()A.a, theB.the, anC.a, aD./, an【分析】﹣﹣你看过纪录片《厉害了,我的国!》吗,汤姆?﹣﹣是的,这是一部了不起的电影,激发了每一位中国人的爱国主义精神.【解答】考查冠词.句意"﹣﹣你看过纪录片《厉害了,我的国!》吗,汤姆?﹣﹣是的,这是一部了不起的电影,激发了每一位中国人的爱国主义精神.".第一个空,特指《厉害了,我的国》这部纪录片,用定冠词the.第二个空,泛指一部了不起的电影.amazing 是以元音音素/ə/开头,用an修饰.故选:B.2.(1分)This is _____ T﹣shirt and those are _______.()A.my; theirB.my; theirsC.mine; theirsD.mine; they【分析】这是我的T恤,那些是他们的.【解答】句子中放在名词T﹣shirt前面用形容词性物主代词my,而后面指的是他们的T 恤衫,放在are后面跟名词性物主代词theirs.故选:B.3.(1分)Lily's parents always encourage her ____out her opinions.()A.speakB.speakingC.to speakD.spoken【分析】莉莉的父母总是鼓励她说出自己的意见.【解答】根据encourage her,可知考查encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事.不定式作宾补.故选:C.4.(1分)﹣Sorry, I'm late. Has the meeting begun?﹣It doesn't matter. The meetingfor several minutes.()A.has just begunB.has just been overC.has just been onD.has just ended【分析】抱歉我迟到了.会议已经开始了吗?没关系.会议刚开了几分钟.【解答】考查延续性动词.句中有表示一段时间的状语for several minutes,要用现在完成时,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,begin,be over和end都是瞬间动词,排除选项ABD;be on是可以延续的,选项C正确.故选:C.5.(1分)Tom!You're no longer a 3﹣year﹣old kid.I can cook dinner for you,but don't expect me to dofor you.Go and tidy your room!()A.everythingB.somethingC.anythingD.nothing【分析】汤姆!你不再是一个3岁的孩子了.我可以为你做饭,但是别指望我为你做每一件事情.去整理你的房间吧!【解答】答案:A 考查不定代词.句意:汤姆!你不再是一个3岁的孩子了.我可以为你做饭,但是别指望我为你做每一件事情.去整理你的房间吧!everything每件事情.something某事.anything任何事.nothing没事.根据题干Tom!You're no longera 3﹣year﹣old kid.I can cook dinner for you,but don't expect me to do汤姆!你不再是一个3岁的孩子了.我可以为你做饭,但是别指望我为你做.后半句Go and tidy your room!可知句意为但是别指望我为你做每一件事情.A符合题意.故选A.6.(1分)She _____her husband for 15 years,but she didn't know much about him when they got married.()A.has marriedB.has been married toC.has been married withD.has got married to【分析】她和她丈夫结婚15年了,但他们结婚时她对他了解不多.【解答】根据 for 15 years可知句子要用现在完成时,其构成为have/ has done,谓语动词使用延续性动词,这里用be married 和…结婚用be married to表示.故选:B.7.(1分)What a surprise to see you here!Whenyouback?()A.do;getB.did;getC.have;gotD.will;get【分析】翻译:在这里看到你真令人惊讶!你什么时候回来的?【解答】根据What a surprise to see you here说明已经回来了,只是询问回来的时间,应用一般过去时,故排除A.C,D.故选:B.8.(1分)If you can't read the article,it will be meaningless to you.The﹣less in the word"meaningless"means .()A.withB.withoutC.full ofD.out of【分析】如果你不读这篇文章,它将对你毫无意义,﹣less在单词meaningless中的意思是"没有(意义的)".【解答】根据句子If you can't read the article,it will be meaningless to you如果你不读这篇文章,它将对你毫无意义,同时﹣less通常是一个表示"没有的"形容词后缀,故选B没有.A伴随,C充满,D在之外.故选:B.9.(1分)﹣A homeless man won a lottery(彩票)ticket. He became rich over night.﹣________.()A.Better safe than sorryB.The early bird catches the wormC.Every dog has its dayD.When the cat is away, the mice will play【分析】﹣﹣一个无家可归的人中了一彩票,一夜之间变有钱了.﹣﹣凡人皆有得意日.【解答】A 早起的鸟儿有虫吃;B 众人拾柴火焰高;C 凡人皆有得意日;D 山中无老虎,猴子称大王.根据句意"一个无家可归的人中了一彩票,一夜之间变有钱了"可知,只有C 符合语境,故选:C.10.(1分)﹣ I really can't believe such a learned man has made such a silly mistake.﹣Don't you know __________sense is worth more than knowledge?()A.generalB.usualC.specialD.common【分析】﹣﹣﹣我真的无法相信这么有学问的人会犯这么愚蠢的错误.﹣﹣﹣难道你不知道常识比知识更有价值吗?【解答】general:一般的,unusual:非凡的、不寻常的,special:特殊的,common:共同的、普遍的.根据语境可知,这是一句谚语,即common sense is worth more than knowledge,表示"常识比知识更有价值".故选:D.11.(1分)﹣How much work have you finished ______ for the coming exam?﹣Everything is done. I'm ready for it.()A.preparedB.preparingC.to prepareD.to preparing【分析】﹣你在即将到来的考试中完成了多少工作?﹣一切都完成了.我准备好了.【解答】根据How much work have you finished ______ for the coming exam,可知考查句型finish doing sth完成某事,这是固定句型.故选:B.12.(1分)﹣Could you tell me ______?﹣Rome was not built in a day. Practice makes perfect.()A.how can I speak English wellB.where can I speak English wellC.why I should speak English wellD.what I can do to speak English well【分析】﹣﹣你能告诉我怎样才能把英语说得好吗?﹣﹣罗马不是一天建成的,熟能生巧.【解答】根据Could you tell me 可知,本题考查宾语从句,宾语从句中一般为述语序,选项AB是疑问语序,所以排除掉;再根据Rome was not built in a day. Practice makes perfect,可知这里说的应该是为学好英语,应该做什么.故选:D.13.(1分)﹣Why did the 79﹣year﹣old Mrs. Sun set up this organization?﹣To help those children get a good education ______ most people of her age never had.()A.whichB.whoC.whatD.when【分析】﹣﹣为什么79岁的太太要成立这个组织?﹣﹣帮助那些孩子获得一个良好的教育,这是大多数她这个年龄的人所没有的.【解答】先行词a good education是物,用关系代词that或which引导定语从句,同时在定语从句中做宾语.故选:A.14.(1分)﹣I missed the match of Liu Shiwen last night. ______, Andy?﹣Amazing. It's the most wonderful match I've ever seen.()A.What forB.What was it likeC.What was wrongD.What was it about【分析】﹣﹣昨晚我错过了诗雯的比赛.它怎么样,安迪?﹣﹣太棒了.这是我见过的最棒的比赛.【解答】A为何,B它怎么样,C出什么事了,D是关于什么的;根据上下文可知,要填"它怎么样",其它选项语意不通.故选:B.15.(1分)﹣Jack, remember that a single flower does not make a spring.﹣______.()A.Good ideaB.OK. I willC.That's all rightD.Oh, forget it【分析】﹣杰克,记住,一花独放不是春.﹣好的,我会记住.【解答】根据﹣Jack, remember that a single flower does not make a spring杰克,记住,一花独放不是春,可知此处表示的是"记着做某事",所以时态为一般将来时.A.好主意 B.好的,我会的 C.没关系 D.奥,忘了它吧.可知选项 B符合语境.故选:B.二、完形填空(共1小题;每小题l分,计15分)16.(15分)Bob opened the box and drew the shoes out. He put them on quickly to feel how they felt on his feet. They (1) A a glove."Are those the ones you like, dear?" his mother asked."Certainly!" Bob was (2) A . These were the best shoes ever. He couldn't hide his (3) C . "I'm wearing them out of the store."While his mother paid for them, Bob walked back and forth (4) D his shoes in front of the mirror. Bob felt like he was floating on air. Just as they were about to leave the store,an old man stepped on his new shoes, leavinga black (5) B on the front."Hey!" Bob shouted (6) B ."Oh, sorry there, young man, " the old man said."Look what you did to my shoes.(7) B where you are going! ""I'm sorry, sir." His mother's face was red. Then she turned to Bob and said (8) D ."Bob! Say sorry to the gentleman.""But, mum! He(9) C on my shoes.""You won't have any shoes to be stepped upon,(10) A you don't apologize."Bob looked into the old man's cloudy eyes, he realized that the man didn't (11) C very well. The old man probably had stepped on his foot (12) B . "I'm sorry, sir."The old man said, smilingly, "No worries. It was my (13) D . I need to watch where I put my feet, too." Then he walked away.Bob felt uneasy as he saw the old man's shoes. They were really worn out.Suddenly, his new shoes didn't seem so (14) C . His old ones weren't that dirty or worn out."Mum, do I really need new shoes?" He wondered. "Did you see that old man's shoes? I just feel bad. I won't ask for so many new shoes anymore."Mum nodded, "I'm glad that you say so, but don't forget to(15) A the elders."Bob smiled, "I won't. Not again."(1)A. fit like B. looked like C. felt like D. dressed like (2)A. excited B. moved C. tired D. bored(3)A. sadness B. strength C. happiness D. care(4)A. holding B. cleaning C. designing D. admiring(5)A. note B. mark C. shape D. hole。
2020年“广东一模”语文答案
2020年一般高等学校招生全国一致考试广东省语文模拟试题(一)参照答案及评分标准1. 【理解挑选】(3分)C(A 选项,误解文意。
“两者的一致促成了科技与伦理的联合”不妥,依据文意,两者的一致组成了科技活动的最先样态。
促成科技与伦理联合的有关语句在原文第二段“劳动实践对象按照着特定的生长规律,这要求人类在运用科技展开劳动实践的过程中尊敬其客观规律,做到有所为、有所不为。
这最后促成了科技与伦理的有机联合”。
B 选项,扩大范围。
“按照自然规律行事是当时广泛的伦理准则”不妥,原文为“科技活动按照自然规律的要求成为初期人类社会中广泛存在的伦理准则”。
D选项,移花接木。
扔掉的应是“唯经济增添”的思想,而不是“追求经济增添”的思想。
综合以上剖析,答案选 C )2.【论证剖析】(3分)B(论证手法理解有误。
文章第二段、第四段在论证初期人类社会和工业社会在办理科技与伦理关系上的差别时,将两个期间的科技活动进行了对照,采纳的是对照的论证方式,而非“历史演进的论证方式”)3. 【内容剖析】(3分)A(误解文意。
“并不是严格意义上的科技活动”不妥,依据原文“这类在对劳动实践对象的属性认知基础上追乞降研究相应的劳动工具和方法的行为,组成了科技活动的最先样态”可知,认识世界的方法和手段的研究行为是科技活动)4.【内容理解】(3 分)D(2017—2018 年我国弃水电量上涨,弃风电量和弃光电量均降落)5.【归纳剖析】(3 分)A(德国政府公布《可重生能源法》,并四次订正该法例,其主要目的不是减少政府补助的负担,而是为了促使德国能源转型 ).6 【挑选剖析】(6分)①拟订可重生能源有关政策、法律和法例,推进我国能源转型;②增添可重生能源发电量,减少可重生能源弃电量;③增强可重生能源方面的技术研究,并让有关产品走出国门。
(每点 2 分,三点共 6 分).7 【剖析鉴赏】(3 分) B (以前后文来看,屠维岳“组织的工人怠工、停工行动”没有依照).8 【归纳剖析】 (6 分)①第一阶段:沉静而坚定。
2020中考语文一模试卷(解析版).pdf
2020中考语文一模试卷答案一、积累与运用(共28分)1.(2分)下列词语中加点的字,每对读音都不同的一项是( )A. 倔.强/挖掘.吩.咐/恰如其分.日月如梭./崇山峻.岭B. 柏.油/柏.林弹.奏/弹.无虚发望洋兴.叹/兴.高采烈C. 湖畔./牵绊.脸颊./狭.路相逢白驹.过隙/不拘.一格D. 禅.师/禅.让斗.胆/斗.转星移好.自之/好.逸恶劳【答案】B【解析】【详解】A.倔.强jué/挖掘.jué,吩.咐fēn/恰如其分.fèn,日月如梭.suō/崇山峻.岭jùn,有一组读音相同;B.柏.油bǎi/柏.林bó,弹.奏 tán/弹.无虚发dàn,望洋兴.叹xīng/兴.高采烈xìng,每组读音都不同;C.湖畔.pàn/牵绊. bàn,脸颊. jiá/狭.路相逢xiá,白驹.过隙jū/不拘.一格jū,有一组读音相同;D.禅.师chán/禅.让shàn,斗.胆dǒu/斗.转星移dǒu,好.自为之hǎo/好.逸恶劳 hào,有一组读音相同;故选B。
2.(2分)下列词语没有错别字的一项是( )A. 伫立振撼锦标赛事必躬亲焕然一新B. 招募清晰候车室悬梁刺骨按部就班C. 枢纽悖论互联网锋芒毕露骇人听闻D. 湎怀炮制水龙头开源节流融汇贯通【答案】C【解析】【详解】A.“振撼”应为“震撼”,震,情绪或心灵上的震动;B.“悬梁刺骨”应为“悬梁刺股”,股,大腿;D.“湎怀”应为“缅怀”,缅,遥远;故选C。
3.古诗文默写。
(8分)(1)然则天下之事,但知其一,不知其二者多矣,____________________?(纪昀《河中石兽》)(2)________________________,寒光照铁衣。
(《木兰诗》)(3)周敦颐在《爱莲说》中比喻君子既不与世俗同流合污,又不孤高自许的句子是:____________________________,____________________________。
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国I卷)语文·模拟试卷及答案 (一)
2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国I卷)语文·模拟试卷(一)本试卷共8页,22小题,满分150分,考试用时150分钟。
注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将白己的姓名、准考证号、考场号和座位号填写在试题卷和答题卡上。
用2B铅笔将试卷类型(B)填涂在答题卡相应位置上。
将条形码贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。
2.作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案。
答案不能答在试题卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答无效。
4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷阅读题一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1-3题。
王国维在《人间词话》中曾说词“能言诗之所不能言,而不能尽言诗之所能言。
诗之境阔,词之言长”。
他说词能言诗之所不能言,表达出诗所难以传达的情绪,但有时也不能表达诗所能传达的情意。
换句话说,诗有诗的意境,词有词的意境,有的时候诗能表达的,不一定能在词里表达出来,同样的,有时在词里所能表达的,不一定能在诗里表达出来。
比较而言,是“诗之境阔,词之言长”,诗里所写的内容、所传达的意境更为广阔、更为博大,而词所能传达的意思是“言长”,也就是说有余味,所谓“长”者就是说有耐人寻思的余味。
缪钺先生在《诗词散论·论词》中也曾说:“诗显而词隐,诗直而词婉,诗有时质言而词更多比兴。
”为什么诗与词在意境和表达方面会形成这样的差别和不同?其既有形式上的原因,也有写作时语言、环境、背景的原因。
我们先说形式上的原因,如果以词跟诗歌相比,特别是与五言古诗相比,二者之间便有很大的不同。
像杜甫的《自京赴奉先县咏怀五百字》《北征》这样的长篇五言古诗,所叙述的内容这样博大、这样质朴,像这种风格和意境,在词中是没法传达的,因为词在性质上本是配乐歌唱的歌辞,它有音乐曲调上的限制。
2020届高考语文一模考试试题 及答案
2020年高考语文一模考试卷注意事项:1.答卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时选出每小题答案后用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动用橡皮擦干净后再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读(36分)(一 )论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分) .阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
随着信息技术深入发展和深度应用。
数据已经成为生产经营活动必不可少的新生产要素。
如何促进数据要素有效参与价值创造和分配是信息时代面临的一项重要课题。
数据之所以能创造价值,一方面是因为它能提高经济运行体系中原有要素的价值转化效率,促进生产效率提升;另一方面是因为数据本身就能产生新的价值。
比如,数字经济的发展及业态创新本质上就是基于数据信息的价值创造。
但数据创造价值的功能并不能直接实现。
数据要素也不能直接参与价值分配,而是要经过数据创造、加工并传输给数据要素使用者后,才能创造价值、参与价值分配。
由此可见,在信息时代,能否掌握数据资源并将其有效转化为生产要素,已经成为衡量一个企业甚至一个国家竟争力水平高低的重要因素。
我国是世界上人口最多、产业体系最完备、制造业规模最大、信息化基础设施领先的国家,每年创造出巨量的数据资源,是名副其实的数据资源大国。
一些国际数据公司和数据存储公司发布的研究报告表明.到2025年.全球将有近30%的新增数据资源来自中国。
我国也是数据利用强国。
2018年底,我国有10家企业名列全球互联网上市公司30强榜单,在信息产业部分领城实现着从“跟跑”“并跑”向“领跑”的转变。
也应认识到,虽然我国数据资源丰富、信息产业发展迅速,但数据要素在创造价值并参与价值分配方面还面临一些体制机制障碍和技术短板。
比如,数据资源开放程度有限,大量数据资源处于“休眠”状态;信息产业和数据应用部分环节、领城还存在被“卡脖子”风险;数据应用不,广泛、应用程度不深,数据价值衡量缺乏统一标准;等等。
2020东营一模试题答案
2020东营一模试题答案一、选择题1. 单项选择题(每小题2分,共40分)1.1 以下哪个选项是正确的语法结构?A. She is more clever than me.B. She is cleverer than I.C. She is more cleverer than I am.D. She is clever than I am.答案:A1.2 下列哪个成语与“画蛇添足”意思相近?A. 狗尾续貂B. 画龙点睛C. 老马识途D. 指鹿为马答案:A1.3 根据文章内容,作者的主要观点是什么?A. 环境保护的重要性B. 经济发展与环境保护的矛盾C. 可持续发展的必要性D. 工业化进程中的环境问题答案:C1.4 下列哪个数学公式是计算圆的面积?A. A = πrB. A = πr²C. A = 2πrD. A = πd/2答案:B1.5 以下哪个历史事件标志着第一次世界大战的结束?A. 萨拉热窝事件B. 凡尔登战役C. 俄国十月革命D. 1918年11月11日的停战协议答案:D...二、填空题2.1 请根据上下文,在空白处填入适当的单词。
(每空2分,共20分)According to the passage, the __________ (重要的) factorfor success is not hard work, but the ability to make theright choices.答案:important2.2 In the experiment, the __________ (变化的) in temperature were recorded and analyzed to understand theenvironmental impact.答案:changes2.3 The __________ (古代的) city of Babylon was known for its hanging gardens, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.答案:ancient...三、阅读理解3.1 阅读理解(每题4分,共40分)Passage 1The Internet has revolutionized the way we communicate and access information. It has made the world a global village by connecting people from all corners of the Earth. With just a click of a button, one can learn about events happening on the other side of the world in real-time.3.1.1 What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The history of the Internet.B. The impact of the Internet on communication.C. The global village concept.D. Real-time information and the Internet.答案:BPassage 2The concept of renewable energy is gaining momentum as the world grapples with the effects of climate change. Solar panels, wind turbines, and hydroelectric power are just a few examples of how we can harness the power of nature to produce clean and sustainable energy for the future.3.2.1 Which of the following is NOT a renewable energy source mentioned in the passage?A. Solar power.B. Wind power.C. Hydroelectric power.D. Nuclear power.答案:D...四、作文题4.1 作文(共50分)请根据以下提示,写一篇不少于800字的议论文。
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2020一模考试卷子答案
目前,各地一模的成绩及排名均已公布,大家可以根据排名估算自己今年可以考哪所重点高校哦!具体怎么估算?很多省份模拟考试后都会如高考一般,划定一个批次线,给你排一个名次。
尤其的是好的学校模拟考试,基本上都会给出相关的参考。
告诉你在什么水平上,推荐你能报考的学校。
有这样一种说法,高考的最终胜利者不是那些顶聪明的,而是那些坐得住的同学。
想想很有道理,能够耐得住枯燥,磨平性子,慢慢坚持下来的同学,身上那股静气做什么会不成功呢?他们得到最好的结果自然应当”。
第一次模拟考试成绩510分,这个分数与高考考试分数大概会相差多少? 第一次模拟考试成绩510分,这个分数与高考考试分数大概会相差多少? 一般来说,高三大概会组织三次模拟考试,第一次模拟考试比较难,而且是在大家还没有完全复习完的情况下考试,所以一般来说成绩会比平时会差一点;通常二模的难易程度接近高考,大多数人将二模的成绩作为高考参考;第三次模拟成绩比较容易一点,要帮助大家树立信心,所以如果高考要估分的话,大概会在一模和二模之间,但也会上下浮动。
每一次高考完之后,总有同学的成绩和平常的考试成绩有差别,那么到底会有多少出入呢?今天就和大家聊一聊。
Simple Style 高考和平时考试的区别 1.出题人不一样平时考试时各校老师出题,而高考试题主要是大学老师出的。
高考题紧扣《考试大纲》和《考试说明》,但是通常各地的“模拟卷”基本上押不到真题,
因为高考命题组有“反押题”措施。
2.考试目的不一样高考题原则上不出怪题、偏题,更不回避“必考点”,但却在命题角度、方法、题型上下功夫。
高考题通过“攻击”学生群体性“软肋”来突出“选拔性”。
换句话说就是那些让大多数学生感到为难的题恰恰抓住了多数学生在某一知识点上的短处,而其目的正是让优秀的学生脱颖而出。
3.评分规则不一样高考题主要是由大学教师、在读博士、硕士和一部分中学老师阅卷。
高考试卷评分细则主要是由大学教师制定。
高考是选拔性考试,目的是把考生按成绩分层,便于高校挑选。
平时的测验或模拟基本上是测试性考试,目的是检测掌握知识的程度,查缺补漏。
因此,没有深刻领悟、精做与高考平行的选拔性试卷,就常常会在高考中丢“不该丢”的分。
4.考试性质不一样高考一张卷就能定乾坤,为国家选拔出合格的人才,关键就在于它通过“必考点”和“易考点”的综合选择来命题,能比较准确地考出真实能力。
而平时的考试一般是考查学生现阶段的学习情况。
为什么平时考试与高考成绩存在差别呢?因为平时考试试题的命题角度与高考有一定的差别,虽然命题的形式、题型、知识点有相似,但是从题型的新颖程度、立意角度等来看,平时考试与高考还是有较大差别的。