unit7thetryingtwenties复旦研究生综合英语(1修订版教学课件

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复旦大学研究生综合英语习题及答案

复旦大学研究生综合英语习题及答案研究生英语第一册Lesson 11. My husband, because of his own professional _____, goes to Cambridge every week.A. judgmentsB. criteriaC. personalitiesD. commitments2. While looking for the address book, Mr. Hailey _____ some of his old love letters in hiswife’s drawer.A. came aboutB. came up withC. came acrossD. came out with3. Mrs. Bush, head of the intelligence department, is _____ immense talent and boundlessenergy.A. capable ofB. blessed withC. associated withD. recognized as4. The audience are deeply impressed by the leading character of the feature film that looks_____ at social problems.A. squarelyB. obviouslyC. accuratelyD. deliberately5. The Prime Minister has decided to take advantage of his popularity in the opinion polls, andcalled a _____ election for next month.A. snapB. clean-outC. magneticD. convincing6. The singer is very popular with the general public, but she is often regarded as being too_____ on stage.A. instinctualB. refreshingC. flamboyantD. eloquent7. Mr. Potter had taken it for granted that his verbose and _____ explanation of the facts wouldconvince the jury of his innocence.A. flimsyB. individualC. glibD. greasy8. Malaysia and Indonesia rely on open markets for forest and fishery products. _____ someAsian countries are highly protectionist.A. DeliberatelyB. ConverselyC. EvidentlyD. Naturally9. According to legal provisions, the properties will either_____ the original owners or else besold at auction.A. commit toB. take toC. romp toD. revert to10. The measures are little more than _____ that will fade fast once investors take a hard look atthem.A. blind faithB. window dressingC. good impressionD. winning image1. The number of people who consult psychiatrists today is not, as is sometimes felt, a _____ ofincreasing mental illness.A. revelationB. syndromeC. symptomD. repugnance2. That snake is not poisonous. It's a completely _____ little garden snake.A. inoffensiveB. innocuousC. ingeniousD. incompatible3. Evidence _____ to the trial must be submitted to the police.A. prevalentB. subsequentC. subordinateD. pertinent4. University teaching may be _____ if the government increases the number of studentswithout providing additional funding.A. jeopardizedB. patchedC. improvisedD. generalized5. The child's parents were _____ into accepting the demand of the kidnappers'.A. pleadedB. intoxicatedC. intimidatedD. besieged6. The detectives _____ on the terrorists' conversations by using secret microphones.A. overheardB. eavesdroppedC. reflectedD. mused7. The two sides are so _____ to each other that there is no way to work out a compromise.A. inimicalB. reconcilableC. magneticD. conducive8. They tried to keep it quiet but eventually everyone learned about _____ the meeting.A. clandestineB. intangibleD. squalid9. Although Jack had moved away before the baseball season ended, the most valuable playeraward was _____ his.A. dubiouslyB. dulyC. excessivelyD. transiently10. Many citizens appealed to the city government for enacting _____ laws to protect theconsumers.A. lavishB. equivocalC. stringentD. flabbyLesson 21. Probably the physics of the mid-nineteenth century was not as spectacular as that of the_____ and following periods, but its theoretical advances were nevertheless very impressive.A. posteriorB. overwhelmingC. precedingD. potential2. We will encourage every school to _____ its character, ethos and areas of special interestwithin a more flexible National Curriculum framework.A. facilitateB. enhanceD. install3. _____ her dreams, Lynne traveled the world, leaving her 2-year-old son Stephen in the care ofbabysitters.A. In spite ofB. In case ofC. In place ofD. In pursuit of4. His deep _____, subtle approach, sharp analytical capacities and broad clinical knowledgemade him a brilliant clinician.A. intuitionB. revelationC. hypothesisD. indulged in5. Western medicine, _____ science and practiced by people with internationally acceptedmedical degrees, is only one of many systems of healing.A. rooted inB. originated fromC. trapped inD. indulged in6. The computer acts as a substitute for human friends, perhaps, but the human-computer _____may also bring about the end of existing human-human relationships.A. apathyB. intensityC. conceptD. infatuation7. She had something to tell him, something so important that even this unexpected opportunityfor _____ of their desire must take second place.A. appetiteB. consummationC. intimacyD. potentiality8. Such an approach forces managers to communicate with one another and helps _____ rigiddepartmental boundaries.A. break downB. stand forC. set offD. pass over9. He knew that he had one more duty to perform before he allowed himself to succumb to his_____ for rest.A. orientationB. anticipationC. cravingD. objection10. To be honest, I felt rather embarrassed by Jane’s _____ and flirting during her interview.A. spontaneousnessB. anticipationC. coynessD. sensationp601. It is _____ upon all users of this equipment to familiarizethemselves with the safetyprocedure.A. necessaryB. indispensableC. incumbentD. requisite2. The kidnappers specified that the _____ money should be left at the bus station by 12 o'clockthe next day, otherwise they would kill the boy.A. ransomB. prizeC. conscienceD. revenue3. According to the economic forecast, some people are hopeful of a drop in the inflation figures,but others are less _____.A. fastidiousB. sanguineC. lenientD. prudent4. Her rise to fame was quite _____—in less than two years she was a household name.A. phenomenalB. bleakC. blankD. vacant5. I looked for her through the window, but the curtains were drawn and I could only see her in_____.A. featureB. profileC. silhouetteD. reverse6. I tried to persuade her to take the job but she was quite _____ that she did not want it.A. desperateB. paranoidC. absoluteD. adamant7. We are not compatible—he likes nearly all the things that _____ me.A. repulseB. surpassC. banishD. repatriate8. In his will, the millionaire _____ nearly all his fortunes to the housemaid who took care ofhim in his last days.A. inheritedB. bequeathedC. owedD. remitted9. When the only witness finally came to tell the truth, poor Mike was _____ from allresponsibility for the accident.A. pardonedB. derivedC. exoneratedD. charged10. The negotiation had reached an _____, with both sidesrefusing to compromise.A. eclipseB. impasseC. ultimatumD. abyssLesson 3p731. Hard training will _____ you richly when it comes to the actual competition.A. bringB. payC. serveD. make2. At the news conference, the foreign minister_____ a confident smile and answered all thequestions raised by the journalists.A. woreB. expressedC. settledD. cultivated3. After years of research, scholars have finally _____ this anonymous play _____ ChristopherMarlowe.A. taken ... forB. obliged ... withC. ascribed ... toD. reconciled ... to4. Most parents have occasional _____ about whether they're doing the best thing for theirchildren.A. burdensB. qualmsC. necessitiesD. securities5. It _____ me to thank you for all you have done for the association in the last few years.A. falls toB. falls intoC. falls onD. falls in with6. I never heard anyone in my village mention my uncle Tony—I think he was a bit of a _____.A. white elephantB. dark horseC. guinea pigD. black sheep7. The _____ that she suggested for discussion were based on the most recent medical research.A. contributionsB. occupationsC. expostulationsD. amendments8. Rosa used to be quiet and introverted, but now she is _____ being sociable.A. looking forward toB. going back onC. making a point ofD. standing up to9. Mary broke off her engagement to John when she found him often _____ the pretty girls inhis office.A. putting up withB. seeing throughC. making fun ofD. philandering with10. Instead of ending up in jail or _____, she was remarkably successful and became one of thewealthiest people in Britain today.A. in the rawB. in the gutterC. in the extremeD. in the fleshp881. As one of the youngest branch managers in the IT company, Mr. Yang is certainly on the_____ of a brilliant career.A. trackB. marginC. courseD. threshold2. In _____ times, human beings did not travel for pleasure, but to find a more favorable climate.A. primeB. primaryC. primitiveD. preliminary3. While it's true that techniques of active listening can _____ the value of lecture, few studentspossess such skills at the beginning of their college careers.A. enhanceB. enlargeC. accessD. exaggerate4. In the library, I found Dabbie was frowning, apparently _____ a word.A. tumbled toB. collided withC. coincided withD. stumped on5. Fierce storms have been _____ rescue efforts and there's now little chance of finding moresurvivors.A. hamperingB. bewilderingC. tanglingD. blundering6. They didn't even give him any sick-pay when he was off ill, which is a fairly _____ way totreat an employee.A. vulnerableB. makeshiftC. shoddyD. backhanded7. It must be realized that large price increase can only _____ demands for even larger wageincrease.A. call offB. trigger offC. make offD. carry off8. When the old lady was back from shopping, she was shocked to find that her house had been_____.A. pawnedB. leasedC. ransackedD. mortgaged9. Since this was my first job interview, I asked _____ about the salary.A. discouraginglyB. diffidentlyC. differentiallyD. diffusely10. The lost car of the Lees was found _____ in the woods off the highway.A. vanishedB. abandonedC. scatteredD. disregarded第106页1. As television continued to command the family hours of the evening, radio found its ownprime time hours in the morning with wake-up shows, bright with music and _____, as well as time and weather announcements.A. chitchatB. hyperstimulationC. collaborationD. spur2. At this conference Trudeau admonished the press as“a pretty lousy lo t”for _____ into hisprivate life.A. lapsingB. snoopingC. sneezingD. yawning3. The demoralizing effect on the enemy of such bombing and _____ from planes completelyhidden in a clouded sky was tremendous.A. explosivesB. minesC. barrelsD. barrages4. Three schools in Putney have _____ their resources and order to buy an area of waste groundand turn it into a sports field.A. pooledB. capturedC. suckedD. transcended5. The U.S. economy appeared to function on autopilot during much of 1995 with _____mergers that kept the stock market in a tizzy.A. appallingB. anticipatingC. mind-bogglingD. brain-racking6. After Steve entered the room he _____ the satchel on the label and sat down on the sofa infront of the telly.A. plunked downB. plucked outC. ran amokD. pecked out7. The roads tied _____ regions together, moving the goods and people required to build andmaintain extensive public works.A. full-blownB. far-goneC. far-flungD. far-fetched8. Evidence from drawings of that time indicates that the Egyptians used a _____, probably milk,to reduce the sliding friction and thus increase the efficiency of the inclined planes.A. nutritionB. junkC. queryD. lubricant9. Since last Sunday, the volcano has _____ a giant cloud of ash, dust and gases into the air.A. musteredB. demolishedC. forgedD. spewed10. He _____ together a living from several part-time jobs by running sight-seeing charters, andcollecting dry cleaning.A. hauntsB. cobblesC. flattensD. underscoresp1281. The old lady has developed a _____ cough which can't be cured completely in a short time.A. benignB. permanentC. perpetualD. chronic2. The police were alerted that the murderer might still be in the _____.A. roundB. circumstancesC. vicinityD. track3. Listening to the soft tapping of rain on the roof can _____a person's nervous tension.A. provokeB. sootheC. retainD. revive4. The _____ the farmer gave on his woodland to a lumber company expires in two years' time.A. premiumB. subsidyC. extinctionD. lease5. It's more important to pave the way for children's desire to know than to put them on a diet offacts they are not ready to _____.A. disperseB. assimilateC. alternateD. affiliate6. Those who dwell, as scientists or laymen, among the beauties and mysteries of the earth, arenever alone or _____ of life.A. wearyB. waryC. cautiousD. callous7. If the freed men had become landowners instead of _____ laborers, their descendants wouldbe prosperous today.A. affluentB. stingyC. impoverishedD. gorgeous8. This cream can be used to treat cuts and bruises and other_____ minor injuries.A. floppyB. sundryC. infirmD. murky9. They _____ agreed to the proposal that hostage-taking be made an international crime.A. incompatiblyB. presumablyC. invariablyD. unanimously10. For reasons of personal safety, the man told the policethat he wished to remain _____.A. anonymousB. suspiciousC. conspicuousD. rigorous第143页1. The new rule stipulated that a worker who was _____ three times in one month should bedismissed immediately.A. awkwardB. aloofC. clumsyD. tardy2. At the end of the President’s speech, leaders of both parties announced their full support ofthe doctrine he had _____.A. complimentedB. enunciatedC. disguisedD. deprived3. Because of its capacity to _____ numerous substances in large amounts, pure water rarelyoccurs in nature.A. sufficeB. dissolveC. withholdD. recognize4. In Austria he met with President Kurt Waldheim, who remained a figure of controversybecause of his reported _____ in Nazi crimes against Jews andothers during World War II.A. caricatureB. complicityC. citadelD. protocol5. When we arrived there we saw many red-and-white streamers floating gently into the outfieldgrass, fireworks _____ overhead.A. boomingB. intoningC. squabblingD. mounting6. The bird put his tiny head to one side and looked up at him with his soft bright eye. Then hehopped about and pecked the earth _____, looking for seeds and insects.A. dubiouslyB. lavishlyC. transientlyD. briskly7. John reached for a cigarette and _____ a little. “We did not think anybody would be stubbornenough to come here in spite of our discouragement.”A. overheardB. chuckledC. generalizedD. jeopardized8. For a moment I thought he was being serious, but then he _____ at me.A. intimidatedB. musedC. reflectedD. winked9. Many of the country’s prosecutors feared the proposal was ultimately aimed at curbing theirconsiderable powers and _____ wrongdoers _____.A. patching…upB. p icking…outC. letting…off the hookD. brushing…off10. About half of all children in South Asia and one-third of those in sub-Saharan Africa sufferfrom _____, which usually results from an inadequate intake of essential vitamins and minerals.A. eclipseB. repugnanceC. malnutritionD. revelationp1601. A photograph taken in Bern during Eva Peron's 1947 tour of Europe depicts the _____Argentine first lady, bejeweled and elegantly dressed in a Pads gown.A. spuriousB. glamorousC. clamorousD. proliferous2. Actors on stage bring characters to full life who would _____ have lain inert on the printedpage.A. thereofB. neverthelessC. furthermoreD. otherwise3. Human cloning is probably not _____ because they will be heavily discouraged by manygovernments.A. imminentB. eminentC. efficientD. impeccable4. Snow began to fall at round about the beginning of the New Year and continued on and off for_____ ten days.A. appropriatelyB. exceedinglyC. approximatelyD. apprehensively5. Hungry birds in search of _____ of food made delicate impressions on the surface of thesnow.A. scrapsB. scratchesC. scrapesD. scents6. The glade was pear-shaped, roughly a hundred yards long and fifty yards wide, with a _____pool of rain-water in the center of it.A. randomB. blankC. hollowD. stagnant7. Geraldo's reports exposed the _____ conditions and neglectful, often abusive, treatment of thepatients in the hospital.A. tertiaryB. stationaryC. solitaryD. unsanitary8. After endless difficulty, we managed to catch the horse, but could not get him move and wereobliged to camp in a most _____ spot where we could not light a fire.A. inevitableB. indispensableC. inhabitableD. insatiable9. It's curious how often sympathy for the old and _____ takesa form which actually humiliatesthem.A. infirmB. infamousC. impatientD. ignorant10. After we had waited for ten minutes in the crowded tea shop, the clergyman's son came _____through the door.A. lumberingB. plunderingC. glitteringD. rumbling第178页1. Dissatisfaction with the Labor government now seems to have _____ every section of society.A. heraldedB. permeatedC. conceivedD. scrutinized2. We know these chemicals are dangerous, but their benefits far _____ any risk to theenvironment.A. overtakeB. manipulateC. stockD. outweigh3. All previous attempts to _____ the fighting have failed so why should these proposals be anymore successful?A. compromiseB. haltC. withstandD. sustain4. The president and his supporters are almost certain to read this vote as a _____ for continuedeconomic reform.A. mandateB. assertionC. discourseD. determinism5. She is not satisfied with her job because it provides no_____ for her energies and talents.A. conceptionB. outreachC. outletD. essentialism6. John has been _____ me with drinks all evening—I don’t think I am capable of driving home.A. shiftingB. offeringC. plyingD. crushing7. My second and more _____ reason for going to Dearborn was to see the Henry Ford Museum.A. compellingB. wearyC. perplexingD. worthy8. Scotland’s _____ on Wales in the second half of the match earned them a 4-1 victory.A. impositionB. onslaughtC. pushD. edge9. By the time I left his house he had become pretty hostile;I felt I _____ better than that.A. pursuedB. fosteredC. entitledD. deserved10. Today almost every household has radios, TVs and awhole _____ of gadgets by electricity.A. endeavorB. hostC. supplyD. facultyp1931. Taking more than the recommended dose of tablets is quite _____.A. hilariousB. perilousC. surreptitiousD. hideous2. Even the best medical treatment can not cure all the ills that _____ men and women.A. beseechB. bestowC. bewitchD. beset3. The field of medicine has always attracted its share of quacks—that is, _____ women andmen with little or no medical knowledge.A. disreputableB. disguisedC. distinguishedD. dissoluble4. The reason why change has not come more quickly to Black Americans is that there is sharpdifference in appearance between them and their white _____.A. consultantsB. counterpartsC. culpritsD. conservatives5. All the questions _____ around what she had been doing on the night of the robbery.A. resolvedB. revokedC. revolvedD. revived6. We tried to drive our horse into the river, but he simply could not _____.A. trudgeB. surgeC. budgeD. dredge7. The experiments _____ that in overpopulated communities, mother rats do not behavenormally.A. defiedB. verifiedC. purifiedD. intensified8. The aim of the president's speech was to convince still reluctant countries of the greatnecessity of imposing sanctions against the countries that _____ terrorists.A. kidnappedB. harassedC. heckledD. harbored9. In other words, we discovered a _____ of effects from thepower failure, each becoming thecause of the next.A. successionB. recessionC. processionD. secession10. In establishing or _____ a causal relation, it is usually necessary to show the process bywhich the alleged cause produces the effect.A. reframingB. redeemingC. refutingD. redressingp2091. We looked out across a river valley to the broad snow-white ridge of Mount Ararat, its peak_____ against the blue sky.A. galvanizingB. exhilaratingC. incandescentD. unreachable2. Would you care for some tea, or even a light meal, to _____ yourself before setting off for anew adventure?A. colorB. foregoC. boostD. fortify3. The company she was working for was failing so she decided to _____ and set up her ownbusiness with a friend.A. deal outB. bail outC. hold outD. fall out4. Fisher was given a _____ in the marketing section before a decision was made about hisfuture.A. tryoutB. momentumC. convictionD. permissiveness5. This is one of the few jobs you can do in this place and _____ being completely drunk.A. contribute toB. get away withC. make forD. try on6. The lieutenant general has got such an enormous _____ —I've never known anyone so full ofthemselves!A. humilityB. illusionC. altruismD. ego7. Before becoming a _____ director, Jason had worked as a film critic for a magazine for anumber of years.A. full blownB. lovelornC. grown upD. rootless8. According to a survey of 250 high schools, the _____ rate among students is currently one infive.A. alterationB. dropoutC. impulseD. denial9. Please don't be so depressed; I'm sure things will start to _____ for the motor trade in thecoming year.A. look upB. dredge upC. take holdD. sell out10. After a heated debate, the Parliament voted to impose a two-year _____ on nuclear weaponstesting.A. curfewB. strainC. settlementD. moratoriump2251. Even in those schools, which have tried to enforce no smoking by _____ punishment, there'sas much smoking as in other schools.A. cordialB. contingentC. convertibleD. corporal2. People who have such an addiction are _____; ., they havea very powerful psychologicalneed that they feel they must satisfy.A. compulsoryB. compulsiveC. comprehensiveD. consistent3. Those living in countries with long dark winters are apt to be less talkative and less sociablethan inhabitants of countries where the climate is more _____.A. excessiveB. equivalentC. equableD. exquisite4. Jill was seriously injured and for days he _____ between life and death.A. hoveredB. hewedC. hobbledD. huddled5. Professor Smith has already retired, but his teachings still _____ a strong influence on hisstudents.A. executeB. forsakeC. exertD. forge6. This is but a _____ of the total amount of information which the teenager has stored.A. frictionB. fractionC. factionD. fracture7. The country has been faced with a _____ problem of unemployment since the newly-electedPresident came into power.A. saggingB. joggingC. loggingD. nagging8. The English language is capable of expressing many subtle _____ of meanings.A. shallowsB. sermonsC. shadesD. shadows9. It's established that everyone has over a thousand dreamsa year, however, few of these _____productions are remembered during waking hours.A. tacitB. stringentC. nocturnalD. mawkish10. The belief that you should own your house is deeply _____ in British society.A. ingrainedB. inflictedC. afflictedD. enragedp2401. Chris decided to divorce Pat because he often _____ a girl young enough to be his daughter.A. brought upB. stood up forC. took advantage ofD. played around with2. Generations of women in this part of the world were _____ by poverty, by religion and bytradition.A. acquiredB. undergoneC. enslavedD. bolstered3. My neighbor is always complaining about his secondhand ear--he doesn't know when he's_____.A. celebratedB. well offC. deceptiveD. well-founded4. It is becoming abundantly clear that, unless I make some determined move, I will become apermanent _____ in the machine.A. cogB. modelC. victimD. conductor5. The recent fall in house prices has _____ disaster for many people who want to sell theirhouses.A. speltB. avertedC. resolvedD. transformed6. I told my sister I'd lend her my new shirt if she let me borrow her jacket, but she didn't rise tothe _____.A. baitB. maskC. obligationD. compromise7. My husband ate a _____ breakfast before he set off for his remote farmhouse.A. primeB. heartyC. convenientD. heady8. Yesterday morning when she said she was going to leave him for good, he thought it was onlya _____.A. blissB. sacrificeC. bluffD. consequence9. Alice was _____ with grief when she heard her husband died in a plane crash.A. above herselfB. in touchC. in lineD. beside herself10. Due to an _____ by my bank, there was less money in my account than there should havebeen.A. intentB. oversightC. indecisionD. engagementp2561. We are now in a world where the speed at which you distribute information often means thedifference between success and failure, and immediacy _____ quality.A. supervisesB. supplementsC. supersedesD. scandalizes2. A teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitude because her influence can be _____ if shehas personal prejudices.A. delectableB. deleteriousC. meritoriousD. deliberate3. The _____ anthropologist George Murdock has listed seventy-three items that characterizeevery known culture, past and present.A. eminentB. imminentC. reminiscent4. These computer hackers skip school and lose contact with friends; they may even _____personal hygiene.A. forgeB. furrowC. forgoD. fortify5. Education _____ the conviction that you can always learn something new.A. installsB. instillsC. fulfillsD. imbues6. Sadly, the Giant Panda is one of the many species now in danger of _____.A. immigrationB. extinctionC. distinctionD. extraction7. Jane was in a _____ as to whether to marry Paul, who was poor, or Charles, who was ugly.A. paradoxB. stigmaC. dilemmaD. predication8. Most public places are simply not _____ to the needs of people with a physical handicap.A. desertedB. dwelled。

新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1第七单元

第七单元：学术英语写作学术英语写作在研究生阶段是非常重要的一门课程，它不仅是对学术研究能力的检验，更是研究生学术水平的重要体现。

本单元将以学术英语写作为主题，通过教学实践、案例分析、论文写作等方式，帮助研究生全面掌握学术英语写作的基本知识和技巧。

本单元的内容主要包括以下几个方面：一、学术写作基础知识在学术英语写作的基础知识部分，我们将着重讲解学术写作的基本定义、特点、结构要素，以及写作过程中的注意事项等。

通过对学术写作基础知识的讲解，帮助学生建立起对学术写作的整体认识，为后续的学习打下坚实的基础。

二、学术写作技巧在学术写作技巧部分，我们将结合具体的写作案例，系统地介绍学术写作的常用技巧，包括逻辑思维、论证方法、文献引用等方面的技巧。

还会通过实例分析，讲解如何进行学术写作中的概念定义、论据引用、论证分析等环节，帮助学生全面掌握学术写作的具体技巧。

三、学术写作范例分析在学术写作范例分析部分，我们将选择一些优秀的学术论文，对其写作结构、论证方法、语言表达等方面进行深入分析。

通过对范例的详细分析，让学生了解学术写作的优秀范例，激发学生的学习兴趣，帮助他们更好地理解学术写作的要求和标准。

四、论文写作实践在论文写作实践环节，我们将给予学生一定的写作任务，要求他们根据所学知识和技巧，完成一篇学术论文的写作。

在写作过程中，老师会给予指导和帮助，引导学生合理组织论文结构，严谨论证观点，选用恰当的学术词汇，提高学术论文的写作水平。

本单元的学习目标是培养学生的学术写作能力，帮助他们掌握学术写作的基础知识和技巧，提高学术写作的实际操作能力。

通过本单元的学习，相信学生们会对学术写作有更深入的理解，并在以后的学术研究中能够更加游刃有余地运用学术英语写作的技巧。

学术写作是研究生阶段非常重要的一门课程，不仅是对学术研究能力的检验，更是研究生学术水平的重要体现。

为了更好地掌握学术英语写作的基本知识和技巧，我们将深入探讨学术写作的核心要素和实际运用技巧，帮助研究生们提高学术写作的水平。

研究生英语综合教程UNIT7课文及翻译(含汉译英英译汉)

UNIT71. Several leading modern business leaders seem, surprisingly, to downplay the importance of strategy. You can make too much fuss about strategy, they imply--- you have a few clear options; just choose one and get on with it. is it really that simple?2. “Strategy is straightforward---just pick a general direction and implement like hell.”Jack Welch, for example---the chairman and CEO of the USA’s General Electric Company; the man who grow the company from a market capitalization of $27 billion to a $140 billion, making GE the largest and most valuable company in the world. he must know a thing or two about strategy. But here’s what he says: “In real life, strategy is actually very straightforward. You pick a general direction and you implement like hell.”Or Allan leighton, the man who was recruited by Archie Norman to help res cue the UK’s ailing Asda supermarket chain, and went on to build the company into one of Britain’s most successful retailers. “Strategy is important,” says Leighton, “but it is a compass, not a road map. It tells you in which direction you are heading, but the important bit is how you get there.”Or Louis Gerstner, the man who rescued IBM in the 1990’s when the struggling mainframe supplier was about to be driven into extinction by the new, smaller and more agile personal computer manufacturers. “It is extremely difficult to develop a unique strategy for a company; and if the strategy is truly different, it is probably highly risky. Execution really is the critical part of a successful strategy. Getting it done, getting it done right, getting it done better than the next person is far more important than dreaming up new visions of the future.”3. So strategy is simple. And having an ingenious new strategy is less important than carrying it out successfully. In fact it might be dangerous. It that right?Let’s look at one last quote from Mr. Welch. “When I became CEO in 1981, we launched a highly publicized initiative: be number one or number two in every market, and fix, sell or close to get there. This was not our strategy, although I’ve often heard it descri bed that way.It was a galvanising mantra to describe how we were going to do business going forward. Our strategy was much more directional. GE was going to move away from businesses that were being commoditized toward businesses that manufactured high-value technology products or sold services instead of things.”Grand strategy versus strategy4. I would argue that these CEO’s blue chip corporations are taking a slightly Olympian view of the concept of “strategy.” Let’s call what hey are talking about “grand strategy” a strategy, but in the overarching sense, like the American car industry saying that they are going to move out gas-guzzlers and into smaller, more fuel-efficient models. 1.一些领先的现代企业领导人似乎，奇怪的是，淡化战略的重要性。

研究生英语教学大纲--最新

XX科技大学硕士研究生课程《第一外国语〔英语〕》教学大纲课程编号：S100001 课程名称：第一外国语〔英语〕课程性质：必修课开课学期：第一、二学期总学时数：72学时〔学硕〕 54学时〔专硕〕总学分构成：研究生综合英语2学分+研究生英语翻译2学分大纲说明一、本课程的性质与任务性质：非英语专业研究生的英语教学是高等教育的一个有机组成部分，英语课程是全院非英语专业研究生的一门必修基础课程，开课的时间为一学年，共100时，由外语系研究生英语教研室的教师负责教学。

英语教学应是以英语语言知识与应用技能、学习策略和跨文化交际为主要内容，以外语教学理论为指导，并集多种教学模式和教学手段为一体的教学体系，以便能培养出更多全面掌握英语、能够以英语为工具进行专业研究和工作的高级人才。

任务：非英语专业研究生英语教学的任务是使学生通过一个学年的英语知识和技能学习，并在不断地就听、说、读、写、译等5个方面进行综合训练的过程中，培养学生的英语语言综合的运用能力，为将来运用英语作为工具进行专业学习和研究做准备。

二、课程的重点、难点与前沿点重点：硕士生英语教学的重点是培养学生具有较熟练地阅读和翻译有关专业书刊，进行对外交流的能力，因此必须强调应用，结合专业特点，突出读、写、译训练。

按照语言教学的规律，听、说、读、写是相辅相成的，所以在突出读、写、译的同时，要注重听，说能力的培养，使学生的英语水平全面提高。

难点：把握各种英文语篇的结构、特征，了解不同题材文章的写法。

理清语篇大意和细节之间的关系，完成从语言表面理解到对整个语篇的理解的过渡。

加快从语言输入(阅读、听力理解)到语言输出(口语，翻译，写作)的转换，达到输出语言丰富，表达方式多样化。

前沿点：研究生英语教学要在帮助学生打好基础的同时，努力结合专业英语的特点，培养学生运用英语的能力。

专业英语知识的学习巩固和提高学生在基础英语学习阶段获得的能力，扩大专业词汇，保证大量的英语阅读和翻译实践，使学生能真正以英语为工具，熟练地获取和交流本专业所需的信息。

研究生英语教学大纲..1

2011/2012第一学期非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲Non-English Major Graduate Student EnglishCourse Syllabus（2011/2012Fall Semester）一．编写说明本大纲的教学对象是非英语专业的硕士研究生（以下简称硕士生），研究生英语是非英语专业的硕士生必修的学位课程。

研究生英语教学的宗旨是为了使学生掌握英语这门工具，进行本专业的学习、研究与国际交流，在教学中要坚持从实际出发、学以致用的原则，培养和提高研究生运用英语的能力。

本学期实际教学周数为16周，每周为4学时，共64课时。

学分：2。

（一）．本课程的教学目的和要求硕士研究生英语包括阅读、听说、写作与翻译。

阅读方面要求学生阅读有一定难度的英语读物和专业领域的学术论文等。

听说方面要求学生能听懂英语会话和与专业有关的英语研讨会或学术报告，能用英语进行有实质性的内容的交谈以及参与社会热点问题的讨论，在学术研讨会上提出问题或发表见解等。

写作方面要求学生用英语写各种类型的文章包括学术论文，且做到格式正确，表达连贯。

翻译方面要求学生掌握英汉互译的技巧，能将一般性的英汉短文或论文译成汉英短文或论文，而且做到原文理解正确，译文通顺达意。

通过课堂教学、多媒体辅助教学以及其他各类学习活动，为学生营造一个使听、说、读、写等语言技能得到均衡发展的学习环境，使研究生的英语综合能力有较为明显的提高。

（二）、大纲的教学体系《研究生综合英语1》（精读课本），旨在培养学生的读、说、译、写的能力，每两周一单元，本学期计划完成7个单元。

鉴于广大研究生听说能力弱，每周安排两次（每次25分钟）视听说，内容为《新世纪走遍美国》和《研究生英语听说教程》及《朗文英语听说教程二》。

《新世纪走遍美国》能培养学生的日常英语交流能力，如工作、学校、家庭、医院、城市和乡村等各种特定情景。

每周完成一集，本学期计划完成16集；《研究生英语听说教程》的设计有助于增加学生在语篇层次上的听说能力，提高他们对所听材料的分析判断和归纳总结能力，以及用英语就一般性话题和专业话题表达观点的能力。

《研究生英语综合教程上》B1 Unit 7

Reference NotesUnit 7 Exploring Human NatureReading FocusOn Human NatureInformation notes1.This passage is adapted from "What is human nature?", a chapter in An EternalCareer, written by Frank and Lydia Hammer, the companion book to their another book Life and Its Mysteries(1945). Published in 1947 by Dorrance Publishing Company in Philadelphia, An Eternal Career was scanned at in June 2007. It is the largest freely available archive of online books about religion, mythology, folklore and the esoteric on the Intemet. The site is dedicated to religious tolerance and scholarship, and has the largest readership of any similar site on the web.This passage follows the typical format of an argumentative with reasoning being the main means of argumentation. The beginning paragraph introduces the main idea: Human nature is the basis of chal'acter, the temperament and disposition; it is that indestructible matrix upon which the character is built, and whose shape it must take and keep throughout life. The body part unfolds the characteristics of human nature. And the ending paragraph concludes the text by echoing the point of the second paragraph: human nature does not and can not change. Further, the author points out that we can only endeavor to understand man as he is.The most striking feature in terms of language style is the frequent use of rhetoric techniques. The parallelism, in particular, appears for eight times within a passage less than 900 words. It is the co-work of such techniques as simile, metaphor, personification, repetition and rhyme that create the effect of being lucid, concise and convincing.2.The exploring and defining of human nature has always been a topic of interestamong philosophers, politicians, and writers across all of the written history. There are a lot of interpretations for us to refer to concerning the characteristics of human nature:Sigmund Freud, founder of psychoanalysis, holds that man is bad, and that all men are innately evil and aggression lies within them as a part of his nature. ThomasHobbes (1588—1679), an English philosopher, believes that humans are bom equal.He identifies three principle causes of quarrel in the nature of man: competition, diffidence (or distrust), and glory. Competition is for gain, diffidence is for safety, and glory is for reputation. It is the competitive human nature that renders people apt to invade and destroy one another. William Shakespeare, in the play Hamle t, shows human nature to be greedy, self-involved and vengeful. In his work The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg, Mark Twain portrays the town of Hadleyburg as greedy, hypocritical, and morally vulnerable with his outstanding tone of humor and satire. Human nature from his viewpoint embraces two significant factors: socially acquired consciousness about morality, and the greedy, instinctive desire for material wealth. Throughout the story of The Strange Case Dr. Jekyll and Mr.Hyde, the author, Robert Louis Stevenson,presents his assumption of a dual human nature--the good side and evil side exist in everyone. He gives the impression that human nature is a constant battle between good and evil.参考译文我对人类的了解越多，对他们的期望就越低。

复旦大学出版社。研究生综合英语①修订版(课后习题解答+课文翻译)[1]

Unit One An Image or a MirageIII. VocabularyA.1. unassuming2. stemmed from3. infallible4. had taken to5. prospect6. flabby7. More often than not8.devious9. tipped the scales in her favor 10. rapportB.1. instinctual2.immediate3. deposit4. frail5. seedy6. magnetic7. extroverted8. book9. unwarranted 10. refinedC.1. D2.C3. B4. A5. A6. C7. C8.B9. D 10.BIV. Cloze1. which2. run3. concerned4. familiar5. evident6. even7.what8.Consequently 9 knowing 10.By 11. one 12. how 13. Once 14. obtainable 15. yourself 16. mind 17. from 18. never 19. pays 20. considered V. TranslationA.从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。

他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。

这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。

就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。

我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。

再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。

然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。

Unit7研究生英语,熟谙

Ardent is immediately regarded as a
please explain:
be ambitious for the public good, for the alleviation of suffering, for the enlightenment of mankind,… strive to be successful, rich, powerful, etc., in order to help the public, to ease human suffering, to enlighten mankind...

paraphrase
What life does with our dreams and expectations cannot be predicted. What will actually happen to our dreams and expectations during our lives cannot be predicted. do with: get on with; have a connection with
values, your philosophy, etc.
Word study

give oneself / someone away: to betray oneself /someone; to tell people sth. secret e.g. The swindler(欺诈者) gave himself away when he was asked to establish his identity. She really likes him and thinks no one knows, but the look on her face when mentioned his name gave her away.

研究生综合英语第7单元

第七单元令人烦恼的二十年岁盖尔·希伊The trying twenties confronts us with the question of how to take hold in the adult world. Incandescent with our energies having outgrown the family and the formlessness of our transiting years, we are impatient to pour ourselves in the exactly right form—our own way of living in the world. Or while looking for it, we want to try out some provisional form. For now we are not only trying to prove ourselves competent in the larger society but intensely aware of being on trial.令人烦恼的二十年岁使我们面临的问题是应如何在成人世界里立足。

这时的我们精力最为充沛，已不再需要家庭的呵护，也已度过了转型期的稚嫩，正急于寻求一种最适合自己的生活——在这个世界上属于我们自己的生活方式。

或者说，在寻求生活模式之际，我们想尝试一下某种过渡性的方式，因为此刻我们不仅在努力证实自己在较大社会环境中的能力，而且还强烈地意识到正在进行尝试。

Graduate student is a sage and familiar form for those who can afford it. Working toward a degree is something young people already know how to do. It postpones having to prove oneself in the bigger, bullying arena. Very few Americans had such a privilege before World War II; they reached the jumping-off point by the tender age of 16 or 18 or20 and had to make their move ready or not. But today, a quarter of a century is often spend before an individual is expected or expects himself to fix his life’s course. Or more. Given the permissiveness to experiment, the prolonged schooling available, and the moratoria allowed, it is not unusual for an adventurer to be nearly 30 before firmly setting a course.对那些经济上能承受的人来说，读研究生是一种既稳妥又熟悉的方式。

(全新版)大学英语《综合教程》第一册Unit7

（全新版）大学英语《综合教程》（全新版）大学英语《综合教程》第一册
Unit 7
Emergency
•
Language Study
• 1. struggle with: have difficulty handling or coping with • Examples: She struggled with the math problem but eventually worked it out. • We found the Smiths struggling with their car stuck in the mud. • 2. nearby: ad. in the area close by • Examples: Jack found a part-time job in the company nearby. • All the towns nearby were crowded with tourists during the holiday. • The man spoke softly to an old lady standing nearby. • adj. not far away • Examples: This drug can be bought at your nearby pharmacy. • We stopped at some nearby shops to pick up some food.
• 9. ... you'd better cool down.: ... you'd better stop spending so much time messing around. • cool down: (cause to ) become calmer • Examples: 1) She is so angry now. Just leave her to cool down and then talk to her. 2) The trial was postponed to allow the tension in the city to cool down. • 10. spot: see or recognize • Examples: Thank you for pointing out the error; I hadn't spotted it. • He left the house seconds before smoke was spotted coming up the stairs. • 11. instant: moment, a very brief period of time • Examples: The alarm bells started ringing and at the same instant all the lights went off. • The magician came to the stage with a bunch of flowers. And then, in an instant, the flowers turned into a bird. • (the instant / minute / moment: as soon as • Example: I tried phoning her the instant I gose to) move or swing slowly from side to side • Examples: Trees swayed gently in the breeze. • The coastal highway is lined with tall, swaying palm trees. • She swayed her body in time with the music. • 16. flash: move very fast; produce a sudden bright light • Examples: It was a busy road; cars flashed by every few minutes. • A figure flashed past the window. • 17. calculate: work (sth.) out using mathematics • Examples: Carrie has calculated that it would take five workers eight months to complete the job. • The cost of the damage caused by the recent flood has been calculated at / as over $5 million.

研究生英语综合教程(上)Unit-7-Ex

高等院校研究生英语系列教材
综合教程（上）
INTEGRATED COURSE
2021/6/4
1
Unit 7
Exploring Human Nature
2021/6/ure
2021/6/4
3
Reading Focus – Global Understanding
13. The _c_r_im__i_n_a_l _ was sent to prison for 10 years.
14. Lisa is deaf in one ear and __p_a_r_ti_a_ll_y_ blind.
15. His modesty is _p_r_o_v_e_r_b_ia_l___.
4. It would be unwise to _d_r_a_w__c_o_n_c_lu_s_i_o_n_s_f_ro_m___th_e__r_e_su_l_t_s_o_f_ _a__si_n_g_l_e_s_u_r_v_e_y__ (仅凭一次调查结果就得出结论).
2021/6/4
13
Reading Focus – Vocabulary in Action
___H_u__m__a_n__n_a_t_u_r_e__d_o_e_s__n_o__t _a_n_d__c_a_n__n_o_t__c_h_a_n_g__e_;_w__e__c_a_n______ ___o_n_l_y__e_n_d_e_a__v_o_r__to__u__n_d_e_r_s_t_a_n_d__m__a_n__a_s__h_e__i_s_. ______________
1 Introduction (Para. 1)
2 Body (Paras. 2-9)

研究生英语综合教程英语原文Unit7

研究生英语综合教程英语原文Unit7Unit Seven ON HUMAN NATURE Frank and Lydia Hammer1 Human nature is the basis of character, the temperament and disposition; it is that indestructible matrix upon which the character is built, and whose shape it must take and keep throughout life. This we call a person's nature.2 The basic nature of human beings does not and cannot change. It is only the surface that is capable of alteration, improvement and refinement; we can alter only people's customs, manners, dress and habits. A study of history reveals that the people who walked this earth in antiquity were moved by the same fundamental forces, were swayed by the same passions, and had the same aspirations as the men and women of today. The pursuit of happiness still engrosses mankind the world over.3 Moreover no one wishes his nature to change. One may covet the position of President or King, but would not change places with them unless, it meant the continuance of his own identify. Each man sees himself as unique, and so far as he is concerned the hub of the universe, different from any other individual. Apologies are in order when Mr. Smith is mistaken for Mr. Jones.4 Every man unfolds a distinct character over which circumstances and education have only the most limited control. No two people will ever draw the same conclusions from the same experiences, but each must interpret events and fit them into the mosaic of his own life's pattern. Human nature is ever true itself, not to systems of faith or education. Each holds to the structure of the mold into which the soul was cast at the time of its individualization. The qualities born in one remain aspotentials whether they have a chance to develop or not. Under pressure, or change of interest, they can partially or wholly disappear from view, tor considerable periods of time; but nothing can permanently modify them, nothing can obliterate them.5 The constancy of human nature is proverbial, as no one believes that a man can fundamentally change his nature. This is why it is so difficult for one who has acquired an unsavory reputation to re-establish himself in public confidence. People know from experience that an individual who in one year displays knavish characteristics- seldom in the next becomes any different. Nor does a thief become a trustworthy employee, or a miser a philanthropist. Nor does a man change and become a liar, coward or traitor at fifty or sixty; if he is one then, he has been one ever since his character was formed. Big criminals are first little criminals, just as giant oaks are first little acorns.6 Although man is potentially perfect he is far from being actually so. If he were actually perfect there would be nothing for preachers and humanitarians to do; no use for churches, schools, courts and prisons. Therefore while it is impossible to change human nature, it can be studied, controlled and directed, and this should be the supreme function of our religious, educational and social institutions.7 Man is perfect as a seed is perfect, germinally. The spirit is perfect, but when it inhabits human structures, it participates in the imperfections of the later; and during its association with matter takes on the mortal weakness, desires and limitations. But the spirit, the inner man, remains untouched and undefiled by evil. Only the outer man- the personality and the physical body- becomes imperfect, due to ignorance, wrong thinking andviolation of the law of being. The outerman, too, was originally perfect, but man has so desecrated and abused it that today it is a far cry from the original model.8 Man's majesty and nobility are taken for granted, although his faults and weaknesses are constantly paraded before our eyes. Only when behavior deviates from the normal does it attract attention. The good neighbor, the conscientious citizen, the kind father and faithful husband pass unnoticed. But the murderer, robber or wife beater is singled out for ublicity, because such conduct is unusual.9 Man's inherent goodness, moreover, is revealed by his countless acts of heroism, unselfishness and sacrifice. Daily one reads of men saving others at the peril of their own lives. One plunges into the surf and rescues a swimmer from drowning; another dashes into a burning house and carries a stranger to safety; others snatch a child from the wheels of death; many give their blood so that others may live. Countless unnamed and unrecorded men have given their lives for their fellowmen, not only on the battlefront but on the home- front as well.10Human nature does not and cannot change but unfolds its inherent pattern. Man has a nature and its laws can be known. We can only endeavor to understand man as he is.。

复旦研究生英语Unit Seven

Doctor’s Dilemma: Treat or Let Die?Medical advances in wonder drugs, daring surgical procedures, radiation therapies, and intensive-care units have brought new life to thousands of people. Yet to many of them, modern medicine has become a double-edged sword.特效药、冒险的手术、放疗以及重症监护等方面医学进步使成千上万人获得了新生。

然而，对于多数人来说，现代医学成了一把双刃剑。

Doctor’s power to treat with an array of space-age techniques has outstripped the body’s capacity to heal. More medical problems can be treated, but for many patients, there is little hope of recovery. Even the fundamental distinction between life and death has been blurred.医生可以用各式各样的太空时代的医疗技术治疗疾病，而病人康复的能力与之相比却相形见绌。

可以治疗的疾病越来越多，而对于许多病人而言，康复的希望非常渺茫。

甚至生死之间的界限也变得模糊不清了。

Many Americans are caught in medical limbo, as was the South Korean boxer Duk Koo Kim, who was kept alive by artificial means after he had been knocked unconscious in a fight and his brain ceased to function. With the permission of his family, doctors in Las Vegas disconnected the life-support machines and death quickly followed.许多美国人像韩国拳击手金得九一样身陷医学困境。

研究生英语综合教程Unit7 ppt课件

高等院校研究生英语系列教材
综合教程（上）
INTEGRATED COURSE
2020/12/12
1
2020/12/12
Unit 7
Exploring Human Nature
2
精品资料
• 你怎么称呼老师？
• 如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？
• 你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？ • 教师的教鞭
2020/12/12
5
Starting out
Task 1
What distinguishes human beings from other animals? Work with your partner to list the behavior that is unique to human beings, that is unique to other animals and that they have in common. (P191)
• “不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘 ……”
• “太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……”
Content
Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final Project
2020/12/12
6
Starting out- Task 1
➢ Based on what you’ve listed above, discuss with your partner the differences between human beings and other animals in terms of their nature and instincts. (P191)

研究生英语教案

研究生英语教案篇一：考研英语教案1考研英语教案（1）I.教学目的Teaching Aims:1.让学生有一个好的考研心态和备考计划2.让学生了解考试大纲规定的考查内容II. 教学内容Teaching Contents：1. 考纲规定的考试内容2. 英语知识运用简述III. 教学时间Teaching Time：2 study hoursIV. 教学重点Teaching Focal Points：1.考试大纲对语言知识和语言技能的考查2.英语知识运用解题技巧V.教学难点Teaching Difficult Points：1.考试大纲对语言知识和语言技能的考查2.英语知识运用解题技巧VI.教学方法Teaching Methods：Communicative method; taskgiving method，development and internalization methodVII. 教学用具Teaching Aids：Projector, powerpoint files, blackboard,cardsVIII. 教学步骤Teaching Procedure:Arrangements? 考研热身（备考心态和备考计划）? 考纲考查内容概述? 教学要求及其他? 作业布置Step I Warming up activity大家好！随着新学期的到来，我们又开始了崭新的行程！面对眼前的人生路，让我们感到的不该是茫然。

相反，在这个知识爆炸、瞬息万变的世界中，我们应该让青春化作跳动的音符去唱出生命的天籁之音！让青春化作汹涌的江水奔腾入海！让青春化作燃烧的火焰跃动在人生的最前线！那么对于每一位考生朋友来说，究竟如何开始书写这崭新的一页呢？那就是：将考研进行到底！为我们年轻的心立下坚定的誓言，进行再一次无愧的选择！下面，我将从备考心态和备考计划两个方面进行交流。

备考心态：在和考生交流的过程中，我清楚地看到了大多数考生在心理上所存在的共性，这就是在春天的时候热情极高，夏天的时候血压升高，秋天的时候怨声载道，冬天的时候退出率高……究其原因主要有三点。

英语教材分析与设计：研究生综合英语(修订版)第一册教学大纲非英语专业

THEORETICAL BASIS
充分利用移动互联网和相关 APPs，实现全时在线课堂。
5-3
教学方法
案例教学法
运用案例教学法时可以以小组讨论的形式进行，这样做可以充分发挥学生在教学活动中的主体地位。鼓励学生大胆表达自己，提出自己对问题的见解。
混合式学习
学生在课堂中可以跟随教师的思路来学习新的知识点，在课后学生根据自身实际需求情况利用一些电子设备来对学习过的知识点进行温习预习、查漏补缺、拓展内容。
4
合计
32
各教学环节学时分配如下：
单元 Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Unit 8 总计
Text
Speaking Skills
小计
3.5
0.5
4
3.5
0.5
4
3.5
0.5
4
3.5
0.5
4
3.5
0.5
4
3.5
0.5
4
3.5
0.5
4
3.5
PART FIVE
教学方法与手段
5-1
研究生英语教学存在的问题
以应付四六级考试为目标的传
统教学模式很难达到理想的教学效
2
果，并直接导致教育资源的浪费和
学生学习兴趣的丧失；
英语水平的欠缺已经成为制约中国
研究生科研能力的一个很大障碍，使
4
得他们在文献查阅、参与科研及论文
发表等方面很难走向国际化。
常规以精读教程为主体的课
阅读
词汇
语法
掌握基本写作技能能按具体要求，在1小时内写出250词左右的短文，无重大语言错误学生能够用英语写学术论文，做到格式正确，表达连贯