英语专业语言学历年真题试卷汇编14_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编15
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编15(总分：52.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、简答题(总题数：26，分数：52.00)1.Do you think B is cooperative in the following dialogue? Support your argument with Cooperative Principle.（南开大学2004研)A: When is the bus coming?B: There has been an accident further up the road.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：On the face of it, B violated the maxim of relation since he did not provide a direct answer to A"s question. But A would assume that B is cooperative in the conversation, and would try to explore the link between the seemingly irrelevant response to something relevant. Thus, A would interpret B"s utterance in such a way that because there had been as accident further up the road, it was quite possible that the road was blocked; in a consequence, the bus would not be able to come.)解析：2.Analyze the following dialogue with reference to Grice"s Cooperative Principle.(北二外2005研)A: Oh I like this popular song so much How about you?B: I often hear classical music, especially, the symphonies composed by Beethoven His Symphony No. 9 is my favorite.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：B has obviously violated Maxim of Relation; A was asking B"s opinion about a particular popular song, but B"s response was actually about classical music. By such a violation, B probably wanted to imply that he did not like that popular song.)解析：3.In what ways do people cooperate in their conversations?(人大2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：In daily conversations people do not usually say things directly but tend to imply them, and according to Grice, they seem to observe willingly or unwillingly certain principle, which is called "cooperative principle" : "Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged". Under this principle, there are four maxims, namely, Quantity, Quality, Relation, and Manner.)解析：4.What is sociolinguistics?（北航2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Sociolinguistics is an umbrella term which covers a variety of different interests in language and society, including the social functions of language and the social characteristics of its users. It studies the characteristics of language varieties, the characteristics of their functions, and the characteristics of their speakers as these three constantly interact and change within a speech community.)解析：解析：（本题考查社会语言学的定义。
2023年自考专业英语-现代语言学考试题库答案
2023年自考专业(英语)-现代语言学考试题库+答案第I卷一.综合能力测验(共15题)1.单选题 The volunteers would rather go by train than ________.A. to driveB.driveC.drivenD.to be driven2.单选题 The conclusion from the study is not definite; it is just ________.A. tentativeB.validC.technicalD.thorough3.单选题 This is an important problem _______ too few social scientists have researched.A. whichB.thatC.into thatD.into which4.判断题 According to the "principles-and-parameters" theory, "principles" refer to highly abstract properties of grammar which are applied to language in general and which generate phrases and at the same time restrain the power of Move a, while "parameters" allow general principles to operate in certain restricted ways, according to which particular grammars of natural languages vary.5.单选题 There is a deadlock(僵局) in the discussion when neither side gives ________ to the other.A.a wayB.wayC.the way6.单选题 Children have a natural ________ about the world around them.A. certaintyB.capabilityC.clevernessD.curiosity7.判断题 Linguists can concentrate on all the aspects of language at once.8.单选题 Country life is better than city life ________ it offers fresh air and noiseless environmentA. in thatB.as thatC.as forD.in which9.判断题 Searle's classification of illocutionary acts is based on the classification of performative verbs.10.单选题 ______ of a sentence depends on the context in which the sentence is uttered.A.Sentence meaningB.Utterance meaningC.The referenceD.The meaning11.判断题 A compound is the combination of only two words.12.判断题 Research findings have shown that language processing centers are situated ina single area of the left hemisphere.13.单选题 The other timing system belongs in our internal clocks，which，left ________，would tie the body to a 25-hour rhythm.A.behindB.aloneC.outD.aside14.单选题 The basic unit in the study of morphology is ______.A. the internal structureB.morphemeC.the rules by which words are formedD.wordA. being seenB.seeingC.him seeingD.seeing him第II卷一.综合能力测验(共15题)1.单选题 Younger children are curious ________ how things work ，and many of them want to take apart everything within their reach.A.ofB.aboutC.atD.with2.判断题 Well-arranged sentences are considered grammatical sentences that are formed following a set of syntactic rules.3.单选题 _______ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It4.判断题 In classifying the English consonants and vowels, the same criteria can be applied.5.单选题 It was a small place then compared to _______ it is now.A. whatB.whichC.littleD.few6.单选题 Lying under the skull, the human brain contains an average of ten billion nerve cells called ______.A.nerve fibersB.nervesC.neurons7.单选题 Bloomfield drew on ______ psychology when trying to define the meaning of linguistic forms.A.contextualB.conceptualistC.behavioristD.naming8.单选题 If you are walking away from a clock tower ，you will hear the ticking of the clock fade to a point ________ it cannot be heard.A. whichB.whatC.whereD.how9.单选题 The syntactic rules of any language are ______ in number.rgeB.smallC.finiteD.infinite10.单选题 Johnson was ________ unknown before running for the presidency.A. visiblyB.visuallyC.verticallyD.virtually11.单选题 By "language acquisition is primarily the acquistion of the grammatical system of language", linguists mean that ______.A.every specific rule allowed by the grammatical system of a language must be acquiredB.the phonological rules must be acquiredC.the syntactic rules must be acquiredD.the general principles that are fundamental to the grammaticality of speech must be acquired12.单选题―________ fine day it is today!A. How, suchB.What a, veryC.How, soD.What a, so13.单选题 If payment is not received, legal action will be our only ________.B.advantageC.alternativeD.ambition14.单选题 Weather _______, we ’ll go out for a walk.A. permittedB.permittingC.permitsD.for permitting15.单选题 I was writing a report last night; ________ I would not have stayed up late.A. howeverB.otherwiseC.thereforeD.furthermore第I卷参考答案一.综合能力测验1.正确答案：B本题解析：would rather 或 would sooner 的意思都是“宁愿” ，其后要求直接用动词原形。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编20.doc
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编20(总分：132.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：14，分数：28.00)1.As the lexical words carry the main content of a language while the grammatical ones serve to link its different parts together, the lexical words are also known as content words and grammatical ones 1. (中山大学2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.In traditional grammar, 1is the only word class which can function as a substitute for another item. (中山大学2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.In terms of the meaning expressed by words, they can be classified into 1words and 2words. (南开大学2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________4.The 1is the minimal distinctive unit in grammar, a unit which cannot be divided without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether lexical or grammatical. (北二外2008研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5.There are two fields of morphology: the study of 1and the study of 2. (人大2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________6.A 1morpheme is one that cannot constitute a word by itself. (北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7. 1 is a branch of linguistics that studies the interrelationship between phonology and morphology. (南开大学2007研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8. 1is a relatively complex form of compounding in which a new word is formed by joining the initial part of one word and the final part of another word. For example, the English word smog is made from 2and 3. (人大2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________9.Back-formation refers to an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an 1affix from a longer form already in the language. (中山大学2006研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10. 1is a unit of expression that has universal intuitive recognition by native speakers, whether it is expressed in spoken or written form. It is the minimum free form. (中山大学2005研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________11.Affix is the collective term for the type of formative that call be used only when added to another morpheme. Affixes are limited in number in a language, and are generally classified into three subtypes, namely, prefix, suffix, and 1. (北京邮电大学2010研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________12.Words can be classified into variable words and invariable words. As for variable words, they may have 1changes. That is, the same word my have different grammatical forms but part of the word remains relatively constant (中山大学2011年研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________13.Bound morphemes are classified into two types; 1and 2root.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________14.A word formed by derivation is called a 1, and a word formed by compounding is called a 2.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________填空项1:__________________二、判断题(总题数：12，分数：24.00)15.Some linguists maintain that a word group is an extension of word of a particular class. (清华2001研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假16.Words are the most stable of all linguistic units in respect of their internal structure. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假17.Nouns, verbs, adjectives and many adverbs are content words. (北二外2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假18.Pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions and articles are all open class items. (清华2001研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假19.The words "loose" and "books" have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. (北二外2007研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假20.Free morpheme may constitute words by themselves. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假21.Root also falls into two categories: free and bound. (北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假22.A stem is the base form of a word which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity. (对外经贸2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假23.The words "water" and "teacher" have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. (北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假24.The words "boys" and "raise" have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well. (北二外2008研)（分数：2.00）A.真B.假25.Analogic change refers to the reduction of the number of exceptional or irregular morphemes. (对外经贸2005研)（分数：2.00）A.真26.The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.（分数：2.00）A.真B.假三、单项选择题(总题数：15，分数：30.00)27.Words like pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, articles are______items. (北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）A.open-classB.closed-classC.neither open-class nor closed-class28.Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.lexical wordsB.grammatical wordsC.function wordsD.form words29.Bound morphemes do not include______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.rootsB.prefixesC.suffixesD.words30.______other than compounds may be divided into roots and affixes. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.Polymorphemic wordsB.Bound morphemesC.Free morphemes31.______refers to the way in which a particular verb changes for tense, person, or number.(西安外国语学院2006研)（分数：2.00）A.AffixationB.InflectionC.DerivationD.Conjugation32.Which two terms can best describe the following pairs of words: table—tables, day + break — daybreak. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.inflection and compoundpound and derivationC.inflection and derivationpound words consist of______ morphemes. (北二外2003研)（分数：2.00）A.boundB.freeC.both bound and free34.Which of the following words is formed by the process of blending? (对外经贸2006研)（分数：2.00）A.WTOB.MotelC.BookshelfD.red-faced35.Which of the following words are formed by blending? (对外经贸2005研)（分数：2.00）A.girlfriendB.televisionD.bunch36.The word UN is formed in the way of______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.acronymyB.clippingC.initialismD.blending37.Which of the following is NOT a process of the lexical change? (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.INVENTION.B.ACRONYM.C.LEXICON.nguage has been changing, but such changes are not so obvious at all linguistic aspects except that of______. (西安外国语学院2006研)（分数：2.00）A.phonologyB.lexiconC.syntaxD.semantics39."Wife", which used to refer to any woman, stands for "a married woman" in modern English. This phenomenon is known as______. (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）A.semantic shiftB.semantic broadeningC.semantic elevationD.semantic narrowing40.It is true that words may shift in meaning, i. e. semantic change. The semantic change of the word tail belongs to______.（分数：2.00）A.narrowing of meaningB.meaning shiftC.loss of meaningD.widening of meaning41.A suffix is an affix which appears______.（分数：2.00）A.after the stemB.before the stemC.in the middle of the stemD.below the stem四、简答题(总题数：8，分数：16.00)42.What is the distinction between inflectional affixes and derivational affixes? (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 43.What does the concept morphophoneme mean? What is the relationship between phoneme and morphophoneme?(南开大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 44.What are phonologically conditioned and morphologically conditioned form of morphemes? (武汉大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 45.How are affixes classified? (四川大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________46.A number interesting word-formation processes can be discerned in the following examples. Can you identify what is going on in these?(a) The deceased's cremains were scattered over the hill.(b) He's always taking pills, either uppers or downers. (上海交通大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 47.How to distinguish root and stem?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 48.Illustrate the relationship between morpheme and allomorph by examples.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 49.What are closed-class words and open-class words?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、名词解释(总题数：13，分数：26.00)50.Open-class words (浙江大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 51.Lexical word (武汉大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 52.Morpheme (武汉大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 53.Stem (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 54.inflectional morpheme (南开大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 55.Free morphemes (西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 56.Bound morpheme (上海交大2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 57.Inflection (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ pound (四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 59.Allomorph (四川大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 60.Back-formation(四川大学2008研；北外2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 61.Prefix (北外2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 62.cognate(南开大学2011年研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________六、1 举例说明题(总题数：4，分数：8.00)63.Illustrate lexical change proper with the latest examples in English, covering at least four aspects. (大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 64.Semantic change plays a very important role in widening the vocabulary of a language. (中山大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 65.Illustrate the ways of lexical change. (武汉大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 66.What are the major types of semantic Changes? (人大2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
语言学考试题及答案英语
语言学考试题及答案英语一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学是研究语言的科学，其主要研究对象是：A. 语言的起源B. 语言的结构C. 语言的演变D. 语言的运用答案：B2. 语音学是语言学的一个分支，它主要研究：A. 语言的社会功能B. 语言的物理属性C. 语言的语法结构D. 语言的语义内容答案：B3. 下列哪项是语义学的研究范畴？A. 语音的产生B. 词汇的意义C. 句子的构造D. 语言的演变答案：B4. 语言的语法规则包括：A. 词汇的选择B. 句子的构造C. 语调的运用D. 语言的起源答案：B5. 社会语言学主要关注语言与：A. 个人心理B. 社会结构C. 语言的演变D. 文化传承答案：B6. 心理语言学研究的是：A. 语言与社会的关系B. 语言与心理的关系C. 语言与文化的关系D. 语言与物理的关系答案：B7. 语言的产生和发展与人类的哪项能力密切相关？A. 逻辑思维B. 语言模仿C. 抽象思维D. 社会交往答案：D8. 语言的方言是指：A. 同一语言的不同变体B. 不同语言之间的相似性C. 语言的起源D. 语言的演变答案：A9. 语言的标准化是指：A. 语言的简化B. 语言的统一C. 语言的规范化D. 语言的创新答案：C10. 语言的借词是指：A. 从其他语言借用的词汇B. 同一语言内部的词汇C. 语言的起源D. 语言的演变答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 语言学的分支包括语音学、语法学、语义学、__________和心理语言学。
答案：社会语言学2. 语言的最小意义单位是__________。
答案：语素3. 语言的音位是__________的最小单位。
答案：语音4. 语言的词汇包括基本词汇和__________。
答案：派生词汇5. 语言的句法结构包括词法和__________。
答案：句法6. 语言的语用学研究的是语言的__________。
答案：使用7. 语言的方言差异可能导致__________。
2013年北京第二外国语学院英语专业语言学真题试卷_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
2013年北京第二外国语学院英语专业（语言学）真题试卷(总分50, 做题时间90分钟)1. 填空题1.By ______, we mean language is resourceful because of its duality and its recursiveness.SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：creativity解析：(考查语言的创造性)2.The sound[d]can be described with"______, alveolar stop/plosive".SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：voiced解析：(考查辅音的发音方法，发音部位和清浊性)3.______is the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes such as number, person, finiteness, aspect and cases to which they are attached.SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Inflection解析：(考查屈折变化的含义)4.______, the technical name for inclusiveness sense relation, is a matter of class membership.SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Hyponymy解析：(考查语意关系中的上下义关系)______is the ordinary act we perform when we speak, i. e. we move our vocal organs and produce a number of sounds, organized in a certain way and with a certain meaning.SSS_FILL该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：The locutionary act解析：(考查言内行为的含义)2. 判断题1.As an interdisciplinary study of language and psychology, psycholinguistics has its roots in structural linguistics on the one hand, and in cognitive psychology on the other hand.SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：考查心理语言学的定义。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编12
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编12(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、填空题(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Sentence meaning is the combination of the meanings of the component words and 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：the meaning of its structure）解析：解析：（句子的意义是由词汇意义与句子结构两者决定的。
)2.The hyponyms under the same superordinate are called 1.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：co一hyponyms）解析：解析：（同类中的成员叫做同下义词。
)3.A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the 1 of, or the 2the utterance.（人大2004研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：consequence; change brought about by）解析：4.When a teacher says "The exam this year is going to be really difficult" , the sentence would have an 1force.（清华2001研)（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：illocutionary）解析：解析：（行事行为是表达说话人意图的行为，老师所说的话表明了让学生努力学习的意图。
2011年北京航空航天大学英语专业英美文学真题试卷_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
2011年北京航空航天大学英语专业（英美文学）真题试卷(总分52, 做题时间90分钟)1. 名词解释1.Waiting for GodotSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Waiting for Godot is an absurdist play by Samuel Beckett,in which two characters, Vladimir and Estragon, wait endlessly and in vain for someone named Godot to arrive.2.Harlem renaissanceSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Harlem renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned 1920s and 1930s. At the time, it was known as " New Negro Movement". It was a burst of literary achievement by Negro playwrights, poets, and novelists who presented new insights into American experience and prepared the way for the emergence of numerous black writers after mid-twentieth century.3.AntagonistSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Antagonist is a person, or a group of people who oppose the main character. The antagonist may also represent a major threat or obstacle to the main character by their very existence, without necessarily deliberately targeting him or her.4.Comedy of mannersSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Comedy of manners is a genre of play or novel which satirizes the manners and affectations of a social class, often represented by stock characters, such as the miles gloriosus in ancient times, the fop and the rake during the Restoration. The plot of a comedy, often concerned with scandal, is generally less important than its witty dialogue. A great writer of comedy of manners is Oscar Wilde, who writes the famous play The Importance of Being Earnest.5.Blank verseSSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：Blank verse is the poetry written in unrhymed iambic pentameter. It has been described as "probably the **mon and influential form that English poetry has taken since the sixteenth century".2. 翻译题1.Please translate the following English into Chinese, and payattention to its literary quality.It was New Year"s Night. An aged man was standing at a window. He raised his mournful eyes towards the deep blue sky, where the stars were floating like white lilies on the surface of a clear calm lake. Then he cast them on the earth, where few more hopeless people than himself now moved towards their certain goal—the tomb. He had already passed sixty of the stages leading to it, and he had brought from his journey nothing but errors and remorse. Now his health was poor, his mind vacant, his heart sorrowful, and his old age short of comforts.SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：新年之夜。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编6
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编6(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Concord(or; Agreement)(武汉大学2008研；中山大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：It may be defined as the requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes that stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category(or categories). For example, the syntactic relationship between that girl and she in the following dialogue; A; Who is that girl? B; Oh, she is my sister.)解析：ernment（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Government is another type of control over the forms of some words by other words in certain syntactic constructions. It differs from concord in that this is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the forms of others in terms of certain category. In English, for example, the pronoun after a verb or a preposition should be in the object form as in She gave him a book. She gave a hook to him. In other words, the verb, or the preposition, determines, or governs, the form of the pronoun after it.)解析：3.Paradigmatic relations（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Paradigmatic relation, Saussure originally called associative, is a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent.)解析：4.Syntax（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：It is a sub-field of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language. Specifically, it is the study of the rules governing the ways in which words, word groups and phrases are joined to form sentences in a language, or the study of the interrelationships between sentential elements.)解析：5.Constituent（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Constituent is a term used in structural sentence analysis for every linguistic unit, which is a part of a larger linguistic unit. Several constituents together form a construction: for example, in the sentence " The boy ate the apple" , S(A), the boy(B), ate the apple(C), each part is a constituent.)解析：6.Logical subject(中山大学2011研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Logical subject is the subject of a sentence that expresses the actual agent of an expressed or implied action. In passive voice such as "John was bitten by a dog", we have two terms "grammatical subject" and "logical subject". Since the core object noun {John in this case)sits in the slot before the verb in the passive, it is called grammatical subject, for the original object noun phrase occupies the grammatical space before a verb, the space that a subject normally occupies; the core subject(A dog), now the object of a preposition(by a dog), is called the logical subject, since semantically the core subject still does what a subject normally does: it performs an action.)解析：7.Semantic Triangle（大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Ogden and Richards presented the classic "Semantic Triangle" as manifested in the following diagram , in which the " symbol" or " form" refers to the linguistic elements(word, sentence, etc.), the "referent" refers to the object in the world of experience, and "thought" or "reference" refers to concept or notion. According to this view, there is no direct link between symbol and referent, that is, between language and the world. The link is via thought, the concept)解析：8.Gradable antonym（人大2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Gradable antonym. Gradable antonyms are antonyms that are gradable because there are often intermediate forms between the two members of a pair. For example, cold and warm constitute a pair of gradable antonyms.)解析：9.Semantic feature（四川大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Semantic feature. The meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components which are called semantic features. For example, the word "man" is analyzed as comprising the features of + HUAMN, + ADULT, + ANIMATE, +MALE.)解析：ponential analysis(浙江大学2005研；北航2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Componential analysis. It refers to a semantic approach which defines the meaning of a lexical element in terms of semantic components, or semantic features. For example, the meaning of the word boy may be analyzed into three components: HUMAN, YOUNG and MALE.) 解析：11.Entailment（武汉大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Entailment. It is a type of meaning dependence between sentences. It is concerned with the meaning of the sentence itself. If X is true, Y is necessarily true, and if X is false, Y may be true or false. For example, the sentence "He has been to France" entails "He has been to Europe".)解析：12.Presupposition（武汉大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：The speaker or writer always assumes that the reader or hearer already knows something of what he is going to say or write. This something often becomes the presupposition of a sentence. For example, John didn"t pass chemistry presupposes that John took chemistry.) 解析：13.Locutionary Act, Illocutinary Act and Perlocutionary Act(北京交通大学2005研；武汉大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：According to Austin, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking. A locutionary act is the act of saying, the literal meaning of the utterance. Therefore, when somebody says "Morning" , we can ask a question like "What did he do?" , and the answer could be "He offered a greeting. " An illocutionary act is the extra meaning of the utterance produced on the basis of the literal meaning. Therefore, for the same example, we can say " He meant it as a greeting". A perlocutionary act is the effect of the utterance on the hearer. Thus, by saying " Morning!" the speaker has made it clear that he wants to keep friendly relations with the hearer.)解析：14.Conversational Implicature（武汉大学2004研；北京交通大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Conversational implicature refers to a type of implied meaning, which is deduced on the basis of the conventional meaning of words together with the context, under the guidance of the CP and its maxims. For example, the implicature of He is a tiger could probably be he has some characteristics of a tiger.)解析：15.Cooperative principle（北师大2003研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Cooperative principle was proposed and formulated by Grice. It expresses that in making a conversation, the participants must first of all be willing to cooperate; otherwise, it would not be possible for them to carry on the talk. It goes like this: " make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged". This principle can be further specified as the four following maxims; Quantity, Quality, Relation, Manner.)解析：16.Violation of maxims（北京交通大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：There are circumstances where speakers may not follow the maxims of the cooperative principle. For example, in conversation, a speaker may violate the maxim expectations by using an expression like " No comment" in response to a question. Although it is typically not " as informative as is required" in the context, it is naturally interpreted as communicating more than is said(i. e. the speaker knows the answer). This typical reaction to any apparent violation of the maxims is actually the key to the notion of conversational implicature. When we violate any of these maxims , our language becomes indirect. In this way, we can convey morethan is literally said. For example, there is violation of the first maxim of Quantity, and sometimes the first Quantity maxim can be in conflict with the Quality maxim.)解析：17.coherence /cohesion(浙江大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Cohesion refers to the grammatical and/or lexical relationships between the different elements of a discourse. This may be relationship between different sentences or between different parts of a sentence. It can be achieved by cohesive devices include reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion. Coherence, on the other hand, refers to the quality of a discourse which makes it a connected text coherent to the context, not a series of juxtaposed sentences.)解析：18.adjacency pairs（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Adjacency pair is a sequence of two related utterances by two different speakers. The second utterance is always a response to the first. It has five properties: ① Adjacency pairs consist of two utterances, a first part and a second part. ② The two parts are spoken by di fferent speakers. ③ The first and second parts belong to specific types, for example, question and answer, or greeting and greeting. ④ The form and content of the second part depends on the type of the first part. ⑤ Given that a speaker has produced a firs t part, the second part is relevant and expectable as the next utterance.)解析：19.preference structure（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：There are many responses to questions which are not answers but which count as second parts. This structural likelihood is called preference. Preference structure divides second parts into preferred and dispreferred. The preferred is the structurally expected next act and the dispref-erred is the structurally unexpected next act. The preferred second parts are more usual, more normal and less specific.)解析：20.Intercultural communication(南开大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Intercultural communication, also known as cross-cultural communication, is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbols systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. It is frequently used to refer to communication between people from different cultures, which implies a comparison between cultures.)解析：21.Linguistic determinism（上海交大2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Linguistic determinism, is one of the two points of Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, and has developed into the strong version of this hypothesis. It could be summarized as follows:(1)One"s thinking is completely determined by his native language because one cannot but perceive the world in terms of the categories and distinctions encoded in the language.(2)The categories and distinctions encoded in one language system are unique to that system andincommensurable with those of other systems. Therefore, the following statement could represent this hypothesis " If Aristotle had spoken Chinese, his logic would have been different".)解析：22.Sapir-Whorf hypothesis（武汉大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two parts; linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. Linguistic determinism refers to the notion that a language determines certain nonlinguistic cognitive processes. Different languages offer people different ways of expressing around, they think and speak differently. Linguistic relativity refers to the claim that the cognitive processes that are determined are different for different languages. Thus, speakers of different languages are said to think in different ways. The hypothesis is now interpreted mainly in two different ways: a strong version and a weak one. The strong version believes that the language patterns determine people"s thinking and behavior; the weak one holds that the former influence the later. So far, many researches and experiments conducted provide support to the weak version.)解析：23.Linguistic relativity（人大2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Linguistic relativity is one of two points in Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. It states that similarity between languages is relative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world is. For example, not every language has the same set of words for the colors; in Spanish there is no word that corresponds to the English meaning of "blue".)解析：24.Diglossia（南开大学2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：It is a speech variety used by a particular group of people, usually sharing the same occupation(e. g. doctors, lawyers)or the same interests. A particular register often distinguishes itself from others by having a number of distinctive words, by using words or phrases in a particular way, and sometimes by special grammatical constructions(e. g. legal language).) 解析：25.Speech community(北外2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Speech community is a group of people who share a set of norms and expectations regarding the use of language. Speech communities can be members of a profession with a specialized jargon , distinct social groups like high school students or hip-pop fans. In addition, online and other mediated communities, such as many internet forums , often constitute speech communities. Members of speech communities will often develop slang or jargon to serve the group"s special purposes and priorities.)解析：。
语言学试题及答案英文
语言学试题及答案英文1. 语言学是一门研究什么领域的学科？A. 人类语言B. 人类行为C. 人类文化D. 人类心理答案：A2. 请列举至少三种语言的类型。
答案：分析语言、综合语言、多词根语言。
3. 什么是音位学？A. 研究语言中意义的学科B. 研究语言中语法结构的学科C. 研究语言中声音系统的学科D. 研究语言中词汇的学科答案：C4. 下列哪项是语言学研究的主要分支？A. 社会语言学B. 物理化学C. 植物学D. 经济学答案：A5. 请解释“语言变异”的含义。
答案：语言变异指的是在不同地区、社会群体或个人之间，语言的发音、词汇、语法等方面存在的差异。
6. 什么是语用学？A. 研究语言如何被使用的学科B. 研究语言如何被创造的学科C. 研究语言如何被理解的学科D. 研究语言如何被翻译的学科答案：A7. 请列举两种语言的书写系统。
答案：表音文字（如英文）、表意文字（如汉字）。
8. 什么是语言的同化？A. 一种语言逐渐被另一种语言所替代B. 一种语言的词汇被另一种语言的词汇所替代C. 一种语言的语法结构被另一种语言的语法结构所替代D. 一种语言的发音系统被另一种语言的发音系统所替代答案：A9. 语言学中的“语料库”是什么？A. 语言学家收集的大量语言数据B. 语言学家进行实验的实验室C. 语言学家进行教学的教室D. 语言学家进行研究的图书馆答案：A10. 下列哪个术语与语言的演变无关？A. 语言演化B. 语言变迁C. 语言接触D. 语言创造答案：D。
(完整版)英语语言学练习题(含答案))
Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:1. Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.2. Linguistics studies particular language, not languages in general.3. A scientific study of language is based on what the linguist thinks.4. In the study of linguistics, hypotheses formed should be based on language facts and checked against the observed facts.5. General linguistics is generally the study of language as a whole.6. General linguistics, which relates itself to the research of other are as, studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and me thods applicable in any linguistic study.7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication. 8. Morphology studies how words can be formed to produce meaning ful sentences.9. The study of the ways in which morphemes can be combined to fo rm words is called morphology.10. Syntax is different from morphology in that the former not only st udies the morphemes, but also the combination of morphemes into words and words into sentences.11. The study of meaning in language is known as semantics.12. Both semantics and pragmatics study meanings.13. Pragmatics is different from semantics in that pragmatics studiesmeaning not in isolation, but in context.14. Social changes can often bring about language changes.15. Sociolinguistics is the study of language in relation to society.16. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive, but sometimes descripti ve.17. Modern linguistics is different from traditional grammar.18. A diachronic study of language is the description of language at s ome point in time.19. Modern linguistics regards the written language as primary, not the written language.20. The distinction between competence and performance was propo sed by F. de Saussure.Ⅱ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:k__________ 21. Chomsky defines “competence”as the ideal user’ｓof the rules of his language.22. Langue refers to the a__________ linguistic system shared by allthe members of a speech community while the parole is the concrete use of the conventions and application of the rules.23. D_________ is one of the design features of human language which refers to the phenomenon that language consists of two levels: alower level of meaningless individual sounds and a higher level of me aningful units.24. Language is a system of a_________ vocal symbols used for hu man communication.25. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of w ords into permissible sentences in languages is called s________.26. Human capacity for language has a g_______ basis, but the deta ils of language have to be taught and learned.27. P _______ refers to the realization of langue in actual use.28. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the settleme nt of some practical problems. The study of such applications is gene rally known as a________ linguistics.29. Language is p___________ in that it makes possible the construc tion and interpretation of new signals by its users. In other words, th ey can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentenc es which they have never heard before.30. Linguistics is generally defined as the s _______ study of languag e.Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:31. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _______.A. prescriptiveB. analyticC. descriptiveD. linguistic32. Which of the following is not a design feature of human language ?A. ArbitrarinessB. DisplacementC. DualityD. Meaningfulness33. Modern linguistics regards the written language as _______.A. primaryB. correctC. secondaryD. stable34. In modern linguistics, speech is regarded as more basic than writi ng, because _______.A. in linguistic evolution, speech is prior to writingB. speech plays a greater role than writing in terms of the amount of information conveyedC. speech is always the way in which every native speaker acquires h is mother tongueD. All of the above35. A historical study of language is a _______ study of language.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. prescriptiveD. comparative36. Saussure took a(n) _______ view of language, while Chomsky lo oks at language from a ________ point of view.A. sociological…psychologicalB. psychological…sociologicalC. applied…pragmaticD.semantic…linguistic37. According to F. de Saussure, _______ refers to the abstract lingui stic system shared by all the mem- bers of a speech community.A. paroleB. performanceC. langueD. Language38. Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical conne ction between _______ and meanings.A. senseB. soundsC. objectsD. ideas39. Language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the im mediate situations of the speaker. This feature is called _______,A. displacementB. dualityC. flexibilityD. cultural transmission40. The details of any language system is passed on from one gener ation to the next through _______, rather than by instinct.A. learningB. teachingC. booksD. both A and BⅣ. Define the following terms:41. Linguistics42. Phonology43. Syntax44. Pragmatics45. Psycholinguistics46. Language47. Phonetics48. Morphology49. Semantics50. Sociolinguistics51. Applied Linguistics52. Arbitrariness53. Productivity54. Displacement55. Duality56. Design Features57. Competence58. Performance59. Langue60. ParoleSuggested answers to supplementary exercises:Ⅰ. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or False:1. T2. F3. F4. T5. T6. F7. T8. F9. T 10. F11. T 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. T 18. F 19. F 20. FⅡ. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins wi th the letter given:21. knowledge 22. abstract 23. Duality 24. arbitrary 25. syntax 26. genetic 27. Parole 28. applied 29. productive 30. scientific (or sy stematic)Ⅲ. There are four choices following each statement. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement.31. C 32. D 33. C 34. D 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. B 39. A 40. DⅣ. Define the following terms:41. Linguistics: Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.42. Phonology: The study of how sounds are put together and used i n communication is called phonology.43. Syntax: The study of how morphemes and words are combined to form sentences is called syntax.44. Pragmatics: The study of meaning in context of use is called prag matics.45. Psycholinguistics: The study of language with reference to the wo rkings of mind is called psycholinguistics.46. Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.47. Phonetics: The study of sounds which are used in linguistic comm unication is called phonetics.48. Morphology: The study of the way in which morphemes are arran ged to form words is called morphology.49. Semantics: The study of meaning in language is called semantics.50. Sociolinguistics: The study of language with reference to society i s called sociolinguistics.51. Applied linguistics: In a narrow sense, applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teach ing and learning, especially the teaching of foreign and second langu ages. In a broad sense, it refers to the application of linguistic finding s to the solution of practical problems such as the recovery of speech ability.52. arbitrariness: It is one of the design features of language. It means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds53. Productivity: Language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the con-struction and interpretation of new signals by its users.54. Displacement: Displacement means that language can be used torefer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places. In other words, language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the i mmediate situations of the speaker55. Duality: The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings.56. Design features: Design features refer to the defining propertiesof human language that distinguish it from any animal system of com municationkn 57. Competence: Chomsky defines competence as the ideal user’ｓowledge of the rules of his language,58. Performance: performance is the actual realization of the knowledge of the rules in linguistic communication.59. langue: Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared byall the members of a speech community; Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to follow; Langue is relatively stable, it does not change frequently60. Parole: Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use; pa role is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules; parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situ ation.。
2012年大连外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷
2012年大连外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷(总分：154.00,做题时间：90分钟)一、判断题(总题数：20,分数：40.00)nguage is a means of verbal communication which can only take place effectively if all the users share a broad understanding of human interaction including such associated factors as nonverbal cues,motivation,and socio-cultural roles.(分数：2.00)A.True √B.False解析：解析：考查语言的定义和影响语言交际的因素。
人们之间的有效沟通会受到语言、肢体语言、社会及文化等因素的影响。
2.Different words are used to describe the concept indifferent languages.This reflects the design feature of displacement concerning human languages.(分数：2.00)A.TrueB.False √解析：解析：考查语言的任意性。
任意性指语言符号的形式与意义之间没有自然的联系。
3.Adults enjoy reading poems for its sheer beauty and children take delight in repetitive rhythms. This reflects the informative function of language.(分数：2.00)A.TrueB.False √解析：解析：考查语言的娱乐性功能。
人们有时会因为纯粹的乐趣而使用语言。
4.Journalists keep writing about and reporting on important events. This better reflects the recreational function of language.(分数：2.00)A.TrueB.False √解析：解析：考查语言的信息功能。
英语语言学linian试题及答案
英语语言学linian试题及答案英语语言学试题及答案1. 语言学的主要分支有哪些？答案：语言学的主要分支包括语音学、音系学、形态学、句法学、语义学、语用学、社会语言学、心理语言学、神经语言学、计算语言学等。
2. 请解释“语言习得”和“语言学习”的区别。
答案：语言习得是指儿童在成长过程中自然掌握母语的能力，而语言学习则是指在学校或其他正式环境中有意识地学习第二语言或外语。
3. 什么是语言的“深层结构”和“表层结构”？答案：深层结构是指句子的内在意义和逻辑关系，而表层结构则是指句子的外在形式，即我们实际听到或说出的句子。
4. 请列举至少三种不同的语言变异现象。
答案：语言变异现象包括地域变异（方言）、社会变异（社会方言）、时间变异（历史方言）等。
5. 什么是转换生成语法？答案：转换生成语法是由诺姆·乔姆斯基提出的语言学理论，它认为所有人类语言都遵循一套普遍的语法规则，而这些规则可以通过转换规则从深层结构转换到表层结构。
6. 请解释“语码转换”和“语码混合”的概念。
答案：语码转换是指在不同语言或方言之间切换使用，而语码混合则是指在同一句话中混合使用两种或两种以上的语言或方言。
7. 语言学中“语料库”的作用是什么？答案：语料库是语言学研究中用来收集和分析自然语言数据的大型数据库，它可以帮助研究者进行语言模式、语言变化和语言使用等方面的研究。
8. 请简述“语言相对性假设”。
答案：语言相对性假设，也称为萨丕尔-沃尔夫假设，认为一个人的思维方式受到其母语的影响，即语言的结构决定了思维的结构。
9. 什么是“语言的普遍语法”？答案：语言的普遍语法是指所有人类语言共有的一套基本语法规则，这些规则是语言能力的基础，由诺姆·乔姆斯基提出。
10. 请解释“语境”在语言交际中的作用。
答案：语境是指语言交际发生的环境，包括物理环境、社会环境和心理环境等。
语境对语言的理解和使用有重要影响，它可以帮助解释语言的模糊性，提供语言交流的背景信息。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编11
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编11(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.duality（四川大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Duality refers to the fact that in all languages so far investigated there are two levels of structure or patterning. At the first, higher level, language is analyzed in terms of combinations of meaningful units(such as morphemes, words etc.); at the second, lower level, it is seen as a sequence of segments which lack any meaning in themselves, but which combine to form units of meaning. For example, a syllable is the smallest unit that is normally spoken by itself, and scores of syllables become the carriers of hundreds of meaningful segments of words that are called morphemes.)解析：2.displacement（南开大学2010研；清华2001研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Language can be used to refer to what is present, what is absent, what happens at present, what happened in the past, what will happen in the future or what happens in a far-away place. This property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place. For example, scientists can predict the "future" of certain planets that are several billions of light years away from us.)解析：3.performative function（武汉大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：The performative function of language is primarily to change the social status of persons and it can extend to the control of reality as on some magical or religious occasions. The kind of language employed in performative verbal acts is usually quite formal and even ritualized. For example, in Chinese when someone breaks a bowl the host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an(every day be safe and happy)as a means of controlling the forces which the believers feel might affect their lives.)解析：4.parole（北师大2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use. It varies enormously according to individuals. The speeches, the idiosyncratic utterances made by individuals are all examples of parole.)解析：5.descriptive study of linguistics(四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：To say that linguistics is a descriptive study is to say that the linguist tries to discover and record the roles to which the members of a language-community actually conform and does not seek to impose upon them other rules, or norms, of correctness, which are in the scope of prescriptive linguistics.)解析：6.Glottal Stop（四川大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Glottal Stop: Vocal tract is composed of oral cavity, nasal cavity and pharynx. When the vocal folds are totally closed, no air can pass between them. The result of this gesture is the glottal stop.)解析：7.Voiceless（西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：When the vocal folds are apart, the air can pass through easily and the sound produced is said to be voiceless. For example, Consonants(p, s, t)are produced this way, so they are voiceless consonants. "Voiceless" is defined in contrast with "voiced". Consonants(b, z, d)are voiced consonants.)解析：8.Minimal pairs（北航2008研；北二外2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Minimal Pair are pairs of words which differ from each other only by one sound. For example, the English words bear and pear constitute a minimal pair as they differ in meaning and in their initial phonemes /b/ and /p/.)解析：9.Phoneme（人大2006研；上海交大2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Phoneme is a basic unit of phonological study, and it is an abstract collection of phonetic features which can distinguish meaning. For example, in English, /p/ is described as a phoneme.)解析：10.Free variation(武汉大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：When two or more sounds occur in the same position without any apparent change of meaning, they are said to be in free variation. For example, the final consant of cup may not be released by some speakers so there is no audible sound at the end of this word. In this case,it is the same word pronounced in two different ways :(k h∧p h )and(k h∧p "indicates "no audible release" in IPA symbols.))解析：11.Assimilation（武汉大学2008研；上海交大2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：The way that sounds belonging to one word or one syllable can cause changes in sounds belonging to neighboring words or syllables is called assimilation. For example, in "mink" , "n" , which is originally pronounced as /n/, will be velarized by the following "k"/k/, and therefore the word will be pronounced as /mi?k/)解析：12.Suprasegmental features（中山大学2005研；南开大学2004研)（分数：2.00）正确答案：(正确答案：Suprasegmental features are those aspects of speech that involve more than single sound segments. The principal suprasegmental features are stress, tone and intonation.) 解析：13.Syllable(四川大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Syllable: These units, which are often longer than one sound and smaller than a whole word, are called syllables. For example, the English word beautiful consists of three speech units: beau-ti-ful.)解析：plementary distribution（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：When two sounds never occur in the same environment, they are in complementary distribution. For example, the aspirated English stops never occur after(s), and the unaspirated ones never occur initially. Allophones of the same phoneme are usually in complementary distribution. The allophones of/p/, for instance, are also in complementary distribution. The unaspirated(p =)occurs after /s/, while the aspirated(p h )occurs in all other environments except after /s/.)解析：15.morpheme（四川大学2006研；武汉大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Morpheme is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content , a unit that cannot be divided into further smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical. For example, in boys, there are two morphemes: "boy" and "-s"; in international, there are three morphemes; "inter-" "nation" and "-al".)解析：16.inflectional morpheme(南开大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Inflectional morpheme; It is also called inflectional affixes, which attaches to the end of words Inflectional affixes and only add a minute or delicate grammatical meaning to the stem. The plural suffix is a typical example of this kind.)解析：17.free morphemes（西安交大2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Free morpheme is an element of meaning which takes the form of an independent word. They may occur alone, that is, they may make up words by themselves. For example, " dog" , " nation" and "close" are free morphemes. And such words are called mono-morphemic words. Thus all mono-morphemic words are free morphemes.)解析：18.bound morpheme（上海交大2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Bound morphemes refer to those morphemes that can not occur alone and must appear with at least another morpheme. For example, in the word "careless" , "-less" is a bound morpheme since it could not occur by itself as a word.)解析：19.bound root（四川大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Bound root refers to the base form of a word that cannot further be analyzed without total loss of identity, and this base form could not occur alone, such as "-ceive" in "receive".)解析：20.functional morpheme（上海交大2005研)（分数：2.00）正确答案：(正确答案：This is a subtype of free morphemes, which one consists largely of the functional words in language such as conjunctions, prepositions, articles and pronouns, for example, " and, about, when on, near, the" an so on.)解析：21.inflection（四川大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Inflection is the manifestation of grammatical relationship through the addition of inflectional affixes, such as number, person, finiteness, aspect and case, which do not change the grammatical class of the stems to which they are attached. For example, the past form of the verb work is realized by the addition of the inflectional suffix; "-ed" ; the plural form of the noun child is realized by the inflectional suffix; "-ren")解析：22.allomorph(四川大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Allomorph; A morpheme may take various shapes or forms, and an allomorph is any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds. For instance, the morpheme of plurality { -s} has a number of allomorphs in different sound context, as in "cats" /s/, in "bags" /z/, in "matches" /iz/.)解析：23.blending（四川大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Blending is a relatively complex form of compounding, in which two words are blended by joining together the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word, or by only join the initial parts of the two wor ds. For example, telephone + exchange→telex; transfer+resister→ transistor.)解析：24.Immediate constituent（武汉大学2008研；武汉大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Immediate constituent. An immediate constituent is the constituent immediately, directly, below the level of a construction. For example, in the sentence "Poor John ran away" , the constituents "Poor John" and "ran away" are regarded as the immediate constituents of the sentence.)解析：25.IC analysis（人大2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：IC analysis. IC analysis(immediate constituent analysis)refers to the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents—word groups(or phrases), which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached. In practice, for the sake of convenience, we usually stop at the level of word.)解析：。
[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编14.doc
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[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编14.doc[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编14一、简答题0 Please disambiguate the following 5 sentences, using the tree-diagram, or any other means that you think is appropriate.（北京交通大学2007研)1 Jane showed her baby pictures.2 The old man is drinking in the air.3 We need more realistic officials to handle the economy.4 We are sweeping the ground cigarettes on the street.5 Tom exchanged the money and fell around the corner.6 What is Halliday's idea on the relationship between the functions performed by language and its structures?7 What are deep and surface structures?8 In the following three sentences, the particle "up" stays in different positions, i. e. immediately after the verb; in between the noun phrase and the relative clause; and at the end of the sentence. Can you formulate a syntactic rule to explain the position changes of the particle?(1)She stood up the man who offered her a diamond.(2)She stood the man up who offered her a diamond.(3)She stood the man who offered her a diamond up.（南开大学2010研)9 What is conceptual meaning? Try to distinguish it from any other types of meaning classified by Leech?（北二外2008研)10 Explain the notion of hyponym.（北二外2008研)11 How would you describe the oddness of the following sentences, using semantic features?（浙江大学2004研)(a)The television drank my water.(b)His dog writes poetry.11 What is one obvious presupposition of the speaker who says:12 Where did he buy the beer?13 Your watch is broken.（上海交大2006研)13 Tell the sense relation between a and b in each pair:（北二外2007研)14 a. He no longer likes coffee. b. He liked coffee.15 a. Mary is working in China. b. Mary is working in Beijing.16 In what way is componential analysis similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features?17 Are utterances, sentences, and propositions the same?18 Do you think there are true synonyms in English? Why?（厦门大学2010研)19 What are the major concerns of pragmatics?（人大2006研)20 How would you describe this short exchange in terms of the ardors performed by the speakers?(浙江大学2005研) Motorist: My car needs new exhaust system.Mechanic: I'll be busy with this other car all day.21 Conversational implicature is comparable to illocutionary force in speech act theory in that they are both concerned with the contextual side of meaning, or " 言外之意" in Chinese.（中山大学2005研)22 Decide which maxim of the cooperative principle has been flouted in the following utterances and what implicature can be drawn.（厦门大学2006研)(1)A: Can you tell me the secret? B: But John is there.(2)A: Let's go to the movies. B: I'll bring the Kleenex.(3)A: Would you drive a Mercedes? B: I wouldn't drive ANY expensive car.。
英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)
有答案的第一部分选择题41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples inEnglish for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition ofa second language.英语语言学试题（2）五、论述题(每小题10分，共20分)each of the following sentences in two different ways to show the syntactic rules account for the ambiguity of sentences.(1)The shooting of the hunters might be terrible.(2)He saw young men and women present.(3)They were surprised at the president's appointment.the meaning of the following affixes and give each affix twoexamples.re-un-anti-super--wise-itis-ize-age英语语言学试题（3）!Ⅴ.Answer the following questions.(10%×2=20%)with examples the three notions of phone, phoneme and allophone, and also how they are related.英语语言学试题（5）五、论述题(第41、42小题各7分，第43小题6分，共20分)41. Under what conditions will two sounds be assigned to the same phoneme？42. For the following sentence, draw a tree diagram to reveal its underlying structure.The girl ate the orange.43. Study the passage taken from Shakespeare’s HAMLET below carefully and identify every difference in expression between Elizabethan and Modern English that is evident.King: Where is Polonius？Hamlet: In heaven, Send thither to see.If your messenger find him not there,seek him i’ the other place yourself.But indeed, if you find him not withinthis month, you shall nose him as yougo up the stairs into the lobby.Act IV, Scene iii英语语言学试题（6）41. The phonological features that occur above the level of individual sounds are called suprasegmental features. Discuss the main suprasegmental features, illustrating with exampleshow they function in the distinction of meaning.42. Explain and give examples to show in what way componential analysis is similar to the analysis of phonemes into distinctive features.英语语言学试题（7）《五、论述题（每小题10分，共20分）1. Comment on the following conversation in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle:A: Where’ve you been？B: Out.2. Analyse the following words and show how many morphemes each of them contains:specialize , indisputable, individualistic, downfall, unexceptionableness, ungentlemanliness(每个语素0. 5分)英语语言学试题（8）语言学试题)do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements Support your statement with examples.the process of language perception, comprehension and production英语语言学试题（9）{语言学试题及参考答案41. Explain sociological triggers for language change by giving a typical example in the history of English.42. Explain briefly the four main individual learner factors that affect a learner's acquisition of a second language.(语言学试题参考答案一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）二、1、C 2、C 3、D 4、D 5、D三、6、B 7、B 8、C 9、A 10、D四、五、二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）六、七、11、knowledge八、12、bilabial九、13、morphology十、14、sentence十一、15、complete十二、16、representatives十三、17、coinage十四、18、delete十五、19、critical十六、20、interlanguage十七、十八、三、判断改错题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）十九、二十、21、F二十一、Actually modern linguistics lays more emphasis on the spoken form of language than the written form for a number of reasons.二十二、二十三、22、F二十四、Voicing distinguishes meaning in English but not in Chinese.二十五、二十六、23、F二十七、The meaning of some compound words has nothing to do with the sum total of the meanings of their components, such as the compound "redcoat".二十八、二十九、24、F三十、Apart from S and C, they also refer to a word, or aphrase that performs a particular grammatical function.三十一、三十二、25、F三十三、Dialectal synonyms can often be found not only in different regional dialects such as British English and American English but also within the variety itself. For example, within British English, "girl" is called "lassie" in Scottish dialect, and "liquor" is called "whishey" in Irish dialect.三十四、三十五、26、T三十六、三十七、27、T三十八、三十九、28、F四十、They have a fairly clear fairly clear functional differentiation, . one language may be used in some domains, other language in other domains.四十一、四十二、29、F四十三、The true statement is "According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, language determinesspeakers' perceptions and patterns their way of life"四十四、四十五、30、T四十六、四十七、四、名词解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分）四十八、四十九、31、One of the major defining features of human language. Human language consists of two levels. At the lower level, there are a limited number of sounds which are meaningless while at the higher level there are an unlimited number of combinations of these sounds. It is also known as double articulation.五十、五十一、32、Linguistics that studies language over a period of time, also known as historical linguistics, study of the Chinese language since the end of the Qing dynasty up to the present.五十二、五十三、33、A way to transcribe speech sounds. The basic principle is to use one letter to indicate one sound. It is generally used in dictionaries and language teachingtextbooks.五十四、五十五、34、The rules that govern which affix can be added to what type of stem to form a new word, can be added toa noun to form an adjective.五十六、五十七、35、a rewrite rule that allows for the possible combinations of words to form phrases and sentences五十八、五十九、36、Relational opposites, a kind of antonyms, refer to pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a relationship between the two items. For example, "husband" and "wife", "father" and "son" etc.六十、六十一、37、Componential analysis is a way proposed by the structural semanticists to analyze word meaning. The approach is based upon the belief that the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features. For example, the word "man" is analyzed as comprising of +HUMAN,+ADULT,+ANIMATE,+MALE.六十二、六十三、38、Context is regarded as constituted by all kindsof knowledge assumed to be shared by the speaker and the hearer, For example, the knowledge of the language used and the knowledge of the world, including the general knowledge about the world and the specific knowledge about the situation in which linguistic communication is taking place.六十四、六十五、39、A euphemism is a mild, indirect or less offensive word or expression that replaces a taboo word or serves to avoid more direct wording that might be harsh, unpleasantly direct, or offensive, . "pass away" for "die".六十六、六十七、40、Brain lateralization refers to the localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain. For example, the right hemisphere processes stimuli more holistically and the left hemisphere more analytically. In most people, the left hemisphere has primary responsibility for language, while the right hemisphere controls visual and spatial skills.六十八、六十九、五、论述题（本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分）七十、七十一、41、The inventory of sounds can change, and sound changes include changes in vowel sounds, sound loss, sound addition, and sound movement.七十二、1) Vowel sound change: English has undergone the systematic and regular change in the vowel sounds, known as the Great Vowel shift which occurred at the end of the Middle English period and which involved seven long, or tense vowels. These changes led to one of the major discrepancies between the phonemic representations of words and morphemes, . between pronunciation and the spelling system of Modern English, /fi:v/(Middle English)→/faiv/(Modern English)七十三、2) Sound loss: Sounds can change by the loss of phonemes. In the history of English the velar fricative /x/ was lost. This sound existed in Old English, so "night" was pronounced as /nixt/, but in Modern English, its pronunciation is /nait/.七十四、3) Sound addition: Sound addition includes the gain or insertion of a sound. For example, the word leisure was borrowed from French, so the phoneme /3/ was added to the inventory of English sounds. A change that involvesthe insertion of a consonant or vowel sound to the middle ofa word is known as epenthesis,七十五、4) Sound movement: Sound change as a result of sound movement known as metathesis involves a reversal in position of two adjoining sound segments. Metathesis is less common, but it does exist. In some dialects of English, for example, the word ask is pronounced / ks/. Also, bridd ("bird") is an Old English word. When metathesis occurred to this word, the movement of /r/ sound to the right of the vowel sound resulted in its Modern English counterpart "bird".七十六、评分标准：满分为10分，总论及四小点各占2分。
英语语言学试题及答案
英语语言学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "phoneme" refers to:A. A single speech soundB. A unit of meaningC. A unit of writingD. A unit of grammar答案：A2. Which of the following is NOT a branch of linguistics?A. PhoneticsB. PhonologyC. PsychologyD. Syntax答案：C3. The process of changing the form of a word to express different grammatical relationships is called:A. MorphologyB. SyntaxC. SemanticsD. Pragmatics答案：A4. In English, the word "mouse" is an example of:A. A countable nounB. An uncountable nounC. A proper nounD. An article答案：A5. The study of meaning in language is known as:A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. SyntaxD. Phonology答案：A6. The smallest unit of sound that can distinguish meaning ina language is called:A. PhonemeB. MorphemeC. SyllableD. Word答案：A7. The branch of linguistics that studies the social aspects of language is:A. SociolinguisticsB. PsycholinguisticsC. NeurolinguisticsD. Computational linguistics答案：A8. The use of language in context is studied in:A. SemanticsB. PragmaticsC. SyntaxD. Phonology答案：B9. The process of acquiring a first language is known as:A. Second language acquisitionB. Foreign language learningC. Language learningD. First language acquisition答案：D10. The systematic arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences is the study of:A. PhonologyB. SyntaxC. SemanticsD. Pragmatics答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The study of speech sounds is called ____________.答案：Phonetics2. The smallest meaningful unit of language is known as a____________.答案：Morpheme3. The branch of linguistics that deals with the structure of words is ____________.答案：Morphology4. The study of how language is used in social contexts is called ____________.答案：Sociolinguistics5. The process by which children acquire their first language is known as ____________.答案：Language acquisition6. The study of the rules governing the formation of sentences in a language is ____________.答案：Syntax7. The branch of linguistics that examines the psychological aspects of language is ____________.答案：Psycholinguistics8. The study of the meanings of words, phrases, and sentences is known as ____________.答案：Semantics9. The branch of linguistics concerned with the relationship between language and culture is ____________.答案：Anthropological linguistics10. The study of how language is processed in the brain is called ____________.答案：Neurolinguistics三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1. Explain the difference between a phoneme and an allophone. 答案：A phoneme is the smallest unit of sound that can distinguish meaning in a language, while an allophone is a variant of a phoneme that does not change the meaning of aword.2. What is the role of syntax in language?答案：Syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a language,including how words and phrases are arranged to create well-formed sentences.3. How does sociolinguistics contribute to our understandingof language?答案：Sociolinguistics helps us understand how languagevaries according to social factors such as class, gender, age, and ethnicity, and how these variations affect communication and social interaction.四、论述题（每题15分，共30分）1. Discuss the importance of pragmatics in language communication.答案：Pragmatics is crucial in language communication as it deals with the way context influences the interpretation of meaning. It helps us understand how speakers convey intended meanings beyond the literal interpretation of words and sentences, taking into account factors such as tone, body language, and shared knowledge.2. Explain the concept of language universals and give examples.答案：Language universals refer to the structural and functional features that are common to all human languages. Examples include the presence of nouns and verbs, the use ofword order to convey meaning, and the ability to form questions and negations.。
英语专业语言学历年真题试卷汇编16_真题(含答案与解析)-交互
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编16(总分48, 做题时间90分钟)1. 简答题1.Use contrastive or non-contrastive strategies to analyze the underlined errors and **mitted by Chinese learners of English.（浙江大学2007研) a. As for meal, we Chinese like to eat chopsticks , and you spoons. b. You have helped me a lot. Really troubled you . c. They are happy but we are far more happier .SSS_TEXT_QUSTI该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:正确答案：(1)The experiential mode is totally different from the analytical mode of learning. An experiential approach to learning may involve a degree of what Johnson(1982)refers to as an "in at the deep end strategy". Simply throwing learners into wholly uncontrolled and undirected language use is, of course, as dubious a strategy with respect to language learning as doing the same with someone who is learning to swim. For this reason, considerable effort has been devoted by methodologists, material writers, and teachers. An analytical approach to learning rests on a more or less marked degree of part practice, i. e. , isolating parts of the whole for explicit study and learning, even if its ultimate goal remains the development of learners" ability to put these parts together for integrated, holistic use. (2)The experiential mode provides a holistic model of the learning process and a multilinear model of adult development, both of which are consistent with what we know about how people learn, grow, and develop. The theory is to emphasize the central role that experience plays in the learning process, an emphasis that distinguishes experiential mode of language learning from other learning theories. The term "experiential" is used therefore to differentiate experiential mode of language learning both from cognitive learning theories, which tend to emphasize cognition over affect, and behavioral learning theories that deny any role for subjective experience in the learning process. However, simply throwing learners into wholly uncontrolled and undirected language use is, of course, as dubious a strategy with respect to language learning as doing the same with someone who is learning to swim. Therefore, this mode of language learning requires the methodologists, material writers, and teachers to combine two sets of factors. One is the basic insight that language use can serve a significant role in promoting learning, and the other is theacknowledgement that use of the language needs to be structured in a coherent and pedagogically manageable way. (3)An analytical approach to learning emphasizes the explicit study of the language learning a linguistic **municative system. It is characteristic of the grammar-translation method found in the cognitive code approach, in various CALL exercises, and in form-focus learning activities. It is also present in certain types of learner training or awareness raising activities involving the explicit analysis by learners of aspects of the languages teaching and learning or of their own language production. Each language manifests a number of structural regularities in areas such as grammar, lexis and phonology, and also with respect to the ways in which these elements **bined to communicate messages. The question, therefore, is not whether languages have structural regularities or not, but whether and in which way explicit attention to such regularities can facilitate the learning of the language. The main criticism of analytical learning is that declarative knowledge does not necessarily feed through to the ability to use a language **municative purposes. In other words, someone may have a good knowledge of structural regularities of a language without being able to make use of the language with the spontaneity and fluency which are required in **municative situations. (4)I **hine the two approaches together to learn aforeign language. First, following the analytical mode of language learning, the basic grammatical knowledge could be captured. Second, with the basic knowledge of structural regularities of a language, the experiential mode of language learning should be followed. For example, when I learn how to greet in English, the first thing I should know about is how to pronounce "Hello!" or "How are you?" and the meaning of the expression. Then the next, I should learn in the relevant situations. Native speakers may respond to the phatic greeting in a variety of ways depending on the context and on how well they know about the interlocutor; e. g. "Fine. And you?" , "Can"t complain. " , "You know me!" are just a few instances from the wide repertoire of native speakers of English. Through that process, the knowledge of the language which is gained by the analytical approach could improve the ability to use the language in reality, which can be developed by the experiential approach.解析：（此题为开放性题目，从如何运用两种语言学习方法来学外语的角度谈即可。
英语语言学试卷精粹10套题（附答案）
英语语言学试卷精粹10套题（附答案）第一部分选择题I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decidewhich one of the four choices best completes the statement and put theletter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%)1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior,it is said to be ___.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A、mouthB、lipsC、tongueD、vocal cords3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___.A、bound morphemeB、bound formC、inflectional morphemeD、free morpheme4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word thatintroduces the embedded clause.A、coordinatorB、particleC、prepositionD、subordinator主从连词5、"Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."A、is synonymous withB、is inconsistent withC、entailsD、presupposes6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___.A、semanticsB、pragmaticsC、sociolinguisticsD、psycholinguistics7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization泛化.A、elaborationB、simplification精简C、external borrowingD、internal borrowing8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.A、Lingua franca通用语B、CreoleC、PidginD、Standard language标准语言9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible forphysical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus 角回B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortexC、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neuronsD、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A、learningB、competenceC、performanceD、acquisition第二部分非选择题II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the followingstatements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change theletter given. (1%×10=10%)11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user'sk of the rules of his language.12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b .13、M is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.14、A s is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a completestatement, question or command.15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under allcircumstances are called c synonyms.16、The illocutionary point of r is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said.17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such amethod of enlarging the vocabulary is known as wordc .18、Wherever the standard language can use a contraction (he+is→he's), Black English can d the form of "be".19、The basic essentials of the first language are acquired in the short period from about age two to puberty, which iscalled the c period for first language acquisition.20、As a type of linguistic system in 12 learning, i is a product of L2 training, mother tongue intereference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative strategies of the learner.III. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true orfalse. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of eachstatement. If you think a statement is false, you must explain why youthink so and give the correct version. (2%×10=20%)()21、In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is given more emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons.()22、Voicing is a phonological feature that distinguishes meaning in bothChinese and English.()23、The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. Thisindicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meaningsof its components.()24、Syntactic categories refer to sentences (S) and clauses (C) only.()25、Dialectal synonyms can often be found in differentregional dialectssuch as British English and American English but cannot be found withinthe variety itself, for example, within British English or AmericanEnglish.()26、Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violatedand the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversationalimplicatures arise.()27、The territory in which the Indo-European languages are mainly spokentoday also includes languages that are not Indo-European.()28、In most bilingual communities, two languages have the same in speechsituations known as domains.()29、According to the strong version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis,speakers' perceptions determine language and pattern their way of life.()30、All normal children have equal ability to acquire their firstlanguage.IV. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples forillustration. (3%×10=30%)31、duality32、diachronic linguistics33、broad transcription34、morphological rules35、phrase structure rule36、relational opposites37、componential analysis38、context39、euphemism40、brain lateralizationV. Answer th e following questions. (10%×2=20%)41、Explain how the inventory of sounds can change, giving some examples inEnglish for illustration.42、Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition ofa second language.英语语言学试题（2）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编14
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编14(总分：54.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、判断题(总题数：27，分数：54.00)1.The phatic function refers to language function for establishing or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.(清华2001研)（分数：2.00）A.True √B.False解析：解析：（寒暄功能是指建立与保持社交联络而不是交换信息。
)2.Syntax refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language.（大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）A.True √B.False解析：解析：（句法学研究词汇构成句子的规则。
)3."Competence" and "performance" are two distinctive terms proposed by Saussure.（北二外2005研)（分数：2.00）A.TrueB.False √解析：解析：（语言能力与语言表现的区别是由乔姆斯基提出的。
)4.The concept competence originally refers to the grammatical knowledge of the ideal language user and has nothing to do with the actual use of language in concrete situation.(南开大学2004研)（分数：2.00）A.True √B.False解析：解析：（语言能力与语言在具体情况下的应用无关，语言表现是语言在具体情况下的表现。
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英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编14(总分54, 做题时间90分钟)1. 判断题1.The phatic function refers to language function for establishing or maintaining social contact rather than for exchanging information or ideas.(清华2001研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（寒暄功能是指建立与保持社交联络而不是交换信息。
)2.Syntax refers to the study of the rules governing the way words**bined to form sentences in a language.（大连外国语学院2008研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（句法学研究词汇构成句子的规则。
)3."Competence" and "performance" are two distinctive terms proposed by Saussure.（北二外2005研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（语言能力与语言表现的区别是由乔姆斯基提出的。
)4.The **petence originally refers to the grammatical knowledge of the ideal language user and has nothing to do with the actual use of language in concrete situation.(南开大学2004研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（语言能力与语言在具体情况下的应用无关，语言表现是语言在具体情况下的表现。
)5.Prescriptive linguistics is more popular than descriptivelinguistics, because it can tell us how to speak correct language.SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（描写式和规定式的语言学是分析语言的两种不同的方法，不能简单的说谁好谁坏之说。
)6.By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language.SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（历时研究是研究语言的变化与发展。
)7.Onomatopoeic words are totally arbitrary.SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（拟声词并不完全是任意的，与其表达的声音具有一定的相似性。
)8.When the vocal folds are apart, the air can pass through easily and the sound produced is said to be voiced.（大连外国语学院2008研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（在发音过程中，发音时声带不振动，这样所发出的音叫做清音。
)9.Of the three cavities, pharynx cavity is the most variable and active in amplifying and modifying speech sounds.（北二外2007研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（在三大发音腔中，口腔是在发音中最灵活的。
)10.English consonants can be classified into two categories: voiced and voiceless consonants.(对外经贸2006研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（英语辅音可分为清辅音和浊辅音。
)11.Bilabial consonant is produced when the obstruction is partial and the air is forced through a narrow passage.（对外经贸2006研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（双唇音是由上唇和下唇接触，使语流受阻而构成的一种辅音。
)12.The sound segments are grouped into consonants and vowels.（大连外国语学院2008研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（音段可分为元音和辅音。
)13.Uvular is made with the back of the tongue and the uvula.（大连外国语学院2008研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（小舌音是由舌后部与小舌共同作用产生的音。
)14.A syllable can be divided into two parts, the NUCLEUS and the CODA.(大连外国语学院2008研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（音节中必不可少的就是结核，即元音，节首和节尾可有可无。
) 15.Auditory phonetics studies how sounds are perceived by the speaker.（清华2001研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（感知语音学（或听觉语音学)研究语音的感知。
)16.The last sound of "top" can be articulated as an unreleased or released plosive. These different realizations of the same phoneme are not in complementary distribution.SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（如果两个音素出现在一个相同的语音环境中，且不区别意义，这两个音素可被看作自由变体。
)17.The speech sounds we hear and produce during **munications are all phonemes.SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（我们所听见和说出的声音并不总是音位，有可能是音素，只有那些能区别意义的才是音位。
)18.Two sounds are in free variation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely, the substitution of one for the other does not produce a different word, but merely a different pronunciation.SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（自由变体是指两个音素出现在一个相同的语音环境中，并不区别意义，即用一个音素替换另一个音素不产生新词，只产生同一个词的不同读音。
)19.Some linguists maintain that a word group is an extension of word of a particular class.（清华2001研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（词组是指一组具有一定词性的词的组合扩展，且此过程并不改变词原来的词性。
)20.Words are the most stable of all linguistic units in respect of their internal structure.（大连外国语学院2008研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（具有词汇意义（指代物质、动作和性质)的词称为词汇词，例如名词、动词、形容词和副词。
)21.The words "loose" and "books" have a common phoneme and a common morpheme as well.(北二外2007研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:B解析：（有共同的音位，但语素[s]在两个词中的意思不一样，前者没有任何意义，后者表示复数。
)22.Free morpheme may constitute words by themselves.（大连外国语学院2008研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（自由语素指是能够单独出现或独立成词的语素。
)23.All words contain a root morpheme.（北二外2006研)SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（所有的词都必须有词根。
)24.Root also falls into two categories: free and bound.（北二外2006研) SSS_SINGLE_SELA TrueB False该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:A解析：（词根是构成词的基础成分，它可以是自由语素或粘着语素。