高考英语阅读主旨大意题的解题技巧教师版
高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧[1]省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件
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B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from
Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.
C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at
the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.
Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided
him with an excellent legal background. He is presently
How To Get The Main Idea? 怎样做主旨大意题?
怎样做主旨大意题
•
做此类题目时，首先要搞清是问某一段还
是全文旳大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，
进行综合归纳，概括文章旳主题。如有标题，标
题中旳蕴含旳信息往往是关键信息。另外，任何
一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开旳，所以，许多
文章中最明显旳特点之一是有一种反复出现旳中
A. Buyer Beware
B. Closeout(出清存货) Sale
C. Crime Pays
D. Buying a TV Set
4
Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and
decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to
The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the children’s department.
高考英语阅读-主旨大意题的解题技巧教师版汇编
高考英语阅读专题之主旨大意题关于主旨大意题的高考考试说明每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。
有时从文章第一个段落甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文章的主题），亦会了解到作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。
有时，作者没有明示文章的主旨要义，需要读者从文章的字里行间进行归纳和概括。
一、主旨大意题的命题形式这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题(title, headline)、短文或段落的主题(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、作者的写作目的(purpose或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某一道理)等。
这类题的设问方式主要有：(1)The subject of the passage/paragraph is ______.(2)The main idea of the passage/paragraph is ______.(3)The text is mainly about ______.(4)The passage mainly centers on ______.(5)The passage mainly tells about ______.(6)What is the subject discussed in the text?(7)What is the main idea of this passage?(8)What is the passage mainly about?(9)What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?(10)What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(11)Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(12)Which title best gives the idea of the passage?(13)What would be the best title for the text?(14)What might be the most suitable title for the passage?(15)The best headlines for this newspaper article would be______(16)The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ______.(17)The writer's purpose in writing this story is ______.(18)What is the author's main purpose?(19)What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage?(20)The writer wrote the story in order to______.(21)What is the advice given in the text / passage / article?二、寻找主题句的方法正确的解答这类题目的关键是准确地找出文章的主题句。
高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
《高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧》一、引言在学习英语的过程中，阅读理解一直是一个需要重点关注和加强的部分。
而其中的主旨大意题更是考验着学生们的理解能力和语言运用能力。
本文将针对高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧展开讨论，希望通过深入的分析和实用的技巧，帮助学生更好地掌握这一部分内容。
二、什么是主旨大意题主旨大意题是阅读理解中的一种常见题型，要求读者从一篇文章中归纳出文章的中心思想或者总体意图。
在解答这类题目时，不仅需要理解文章中的具体内容，还需要把握文章的大局，抓住作者的写作意图和核心论点。
三、解题技巧1. 阶段式阅读法我们需要采用阶段式阅读法来解决主旨大意题。
这意味着在回答问题之前，我们需要进行两到三遍的阅读，以确保我们对文章内容的整体把握和细节了解都到位。
在每一次阅读时，都要有一个明确的阅读目标，例如第一遍阅读关注文章的大意，第二遍阅读关注论据和论点的支持，第三遍阅读关注作者的态度和观点等。
通过多次阶段式阅读，我们可以更全面地理解文章的内容，也更容易找到文章的主旨大意。
2. 关键词标记在阅读的过程中，我们需要对文章中的关键词和关键句进行标记。
这些关键词和关键句往往能够帮助我们更好地把握文章的中心思想，也有助于在回答问题时更快地找到答案。
特别是一些表达中心意思的关键词，如“因此”、“总之”等，这些词往往会出现在文章的重点段落中，是我们找到文章主旨大意的关键线索。
3. 排除法另外，在解答主旨大意题时，我们还可以运用排除法。
在选项中，通常会有一些离题的选项，我们可以通过排除这些离题选项，来缩小正确答案的范围。
这需要我们对文章内容有一个清晰的理解，能够通过选项的排除来找到正确的主旨大意。
4. 注重上下文在解答主旨大意题时，我们需要结合文章的整体内容来确定答案。
这就需要我们注重上下文的联系和整体的逻辑。
文章的主旨往往是通过多个段落或者整篇文章来逐渐展现的，要把握这个过程，并从整体出发寻找主旨大意。
高考英语阅读理解技巧-主旨大意题
Man has made great progress in environment protection. Governments of many countries have established laws to protect the forests and sea resources and waste water and poisonous gases have been also dealt with. Still more measures should be taken to solve the problems. People should be further educated to realize the importance of the problem, to use modern methods of birth control and learn to recycle our natural resources. We are sure that we shall have a better and cleaned planet in the future.
应试技巧
选项分析 正确选项的特点：含有抽象名词和概括性词语. 四个选 项中, 含有approach, concept, chance, opportunity, various, both, general, many, difficult, way, necessity, necessary, importance 等词的选项一般是正确选项.那些概括全文, 内 容全面, 含义深刻, 说明道理的选项一般是答案项, 而选项 内容片面, 单一的内容一般是错误选项。
高考英语阅读理解技巧
主旨大意题解题技巧
• 考纲要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般 性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等， 并能从中获取相关的信息。 • 1 ﹑理解主旨要义 • 2 ﹑理解文中具体信息 • 3 ﹑根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义 • 4 ﹑作出判断和推理 • 5 ﹑理解文章的基本结构 • 6 ﹑理解作者的意图﹑观点和态度
2025届高考英语阅读理解之主旨大意题解题策略及真题练习+课件
标 题
归
段落大意题 纳
文章大意题
题
主旨大意题(段落大意、文章大意、标题归纳) 旨在考查考生对段落大意或文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力 1.段落大意题 ① What does the author tell us in paragraph...? ② Which of the following can best summarize para....? ③ What is the...paragraph mainly about? 2.文章大意题 ① What’s the main idea/point of the passage? ② Which of the following best states the main idea of the passage? ③ Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea/theme of the passage? 3.标题归纳题 ① Which of the following is the best title of the passage? ② What would be the best title for the passage?
...“I was deeply attracted by the techniques. You can see why this bowl is so highly-valued from the very smooth porcelain body, silky glaze(上 釉 )and special blue coloring, which were never reproduced in later dynasties,” McAteer, an auction specialist, said...
高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
⾼考英语阅读理解主旨⼤意题解题技巧如何做阅读理解主旨⼤意题？
1) 主旨⼤意题属于归纳概括题。
如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。
2) 找准⽂章的主题句是关键。
“主题句定位法”是⼀种⾏之有效的⽅法。
在答题时，我们可以：读⾸句抓⼤意
读尾句抓⼤意
读⾸尾段抓⼤意
3.) ⽆明显主题句时⾼频信息词
任⼀篇⽂章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，有的⽂章中最明显的特点之⼀是有⼀个反复出现的中⼼词，即⾼频词，也叫做主题词。
抓住了它，便容易抓住⽂章的中⼼。
具体范例及具体的细节分析可按下⾯的课件：。
巧解高中英语阅读理解主旨大意题的方法
主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解能力以及概括能力。
一般是针对某一语段或某一语篇的标题或目的设题。
这类题目考查的范围是基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等，要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结。
题目语言一般简洁、凝练，其干扰项的设置往往比较有迷惑性，属于高层次的阅读理解题。
下面是近3年全国高考主旨大意题题量统计：近3年全国高考主旨大意题题量统计卷名年份新高考I卷全国卷I（乙卷）全国卷II（甲卷）全国卷III20202232021121320221132一、技巧点拨标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。
文章标题可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。
它的特点是：短小精悍，多为短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能涵盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
学生在解答主旨大意题时，要搞清楚是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来进行综合归纳。
如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。
另外，任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词。
抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。
二、典题例析例1.(温州市2023届高三第一次适应性考试)The review points to disappearing and degraded habitat—resulting from climate change，urbanization，agricul-tural intensification，and international trade—as theleading driver of bird declines worldwide.In a note ofhope，the authors cite a2020study indicating that re-storing just5%of habitat in priority areas around theworld could avert60%of likely extinctions.Lead author Alexander Lees，a research associateat the Cormell Lab，also points to the need for substan-tial changes in human behavior to prevent further loss-es.“Loss and degradation of habitat is often driven bydemand for resources，”says Lees.“We need to betterconsider how commodity flows such as beef，oil，andseed crops can contribute to biodiversity loss and try toreduce the human footprint on the natural world.”31.What is the last paragraph mainly about?A.Extra reasons for bird extinction.B.Possible solutions to habitat loss.C.Substantial changes in human behavior.D.The prospect of biodiversity loss.【解析】B。
高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧导语：高考复习的重点一是要掌握所有的知识点，二就是要大量的做题，以下是小编为大家精心整理的高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧，欢迎大家参考！
阅读理解之主旨大意题
我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨。
因此，主旨大意题是常考题。
主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。
广东高考近
几年来考查过的题目中mainly about 只考过4 题，title 题考了5 题，purpose 题考了5 题。
解题技巧
1.弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。
主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。
各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。
议论文和说明文一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。
2.找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即
快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。
找主题句的四个小窍门：
(1)段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually 等)
时，该句很可能是主题句。
(2)首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
(3)作者有意识地反复重复的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词
语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
(4)表示总结或结论的话常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude,。
高三英语高考阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧4
高考阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。
一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。
这类题目考查的范围是：根本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。
它要求考生在理解全文的根底上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。
一、题型特点与命题方式【设题类型】1、概括文章大意；2、选出最正确题目〔标题〕；3、概括人物特点。
【设问形式】1、标题类常见的标题型题干：1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.2)The text (passage) could be entitled ______________.3)What is the best title for the passage?4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?2、大意类常见的主题型题干：1) This passage chiefly deals with____________.2) What’s the topic of the article?3) What is the subject discussed in the text?4) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?【命题趋势】二、解题思路与应试技巧下面结合高考试题，谈谈标题类和大意类主旨大意题的解题技巧。
1、标题类标题是段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。
在阅读中不仅要求考生能够通过自己的信息概括出段落的中心思想，而且还要对概括出的中心思想加以提炼，拟定出段落的标题。
在测试中能够迅速而准确地选择标题。
英语阅读主旨大意题的答题方法
英语阅读主旨大意题的答题方法阅读理解是英语学习中非常重要的一部分，而阅读主旨大意题又是阅读理解题目中的重要类型之一。
在这类题目中，考生需要通过阅读文章，找出文章的中心思想或者整体大意。
接下来，我们将介绍一些答题方法，帮助大家在考试中更好地应对这类题目。
一、仔细阅读文章在应对阅读主旨大意题时，首先要仔细阅读文章。
这包括通读全文，仔细理解每一个段落的内容，把握文章的主题和中心思想。
只有对文章的内容有一个清晰的理解，才能更好地回答关于文章主旨的问题。
二、关注首段和尾段在阅读文章时，通常可以通过首段和尾段来把握文章的主旨。
首段通常是对整篇文章的引言，而尾段则会对整篇文章进行总结或者呼应首段的内容。
考生可以通过理解首尾段的内容来更好地把握文章的主旨。
三、寻找关键词在文章中，关键词往往能够帮助我们更好地把握文章的主旨。
通过寻找关键词，我们可以更快地理解文章的中心思想。
一些表示中心思想的词语如"important", "significant", "m本人n idea"等，通过寻找这些词语，可以更好地找出文章的主旨。
四、排除干扰项在回答阅读主旨大意题时，有时候会出现一些干扰项，这些干扰项往往会误导考生的答题方向。
考生需要学会排除干扰项，集中注意力寻找文章的中心思想。
五、练习题目为了更好地应对阅读主旨大意题，考生可以多做一些相关的练习题目。
通过练习，可以帮助考生更好地掌握答题技巧，提高答题的准确性和速度。
通过以上几点答题方法，相信大家在应对英语阅读主旨大意题时能够更加游刃有余。
在备战考试的过程中，只要多加练习和总结经验，相信大家一定能够取得优异的成绩。
要对阅读主旨大意题有一个清晰的认识。
阅读主旨大意题是要求考生通过阅读文章，找出文章的中心思想或者整体大意。
这类题目在各类英语考试中经常出现，因此掌握好答题方法非常重要。
除了上文提到的一些答题方法外，还有一些方法可以帮助考生更好地应对阅读主旨大意题。
高考英语阅读理解题解题技巧之主旨大意题讲义
主旨大意题一、总体解题思路1、宏观上分清文章体裁（记叙文、科普类的说明文议论文）和捋清文章行文脉络二、记叙文：主旨一般在首段和尾段出现（扫读重点关注首尾段各段首尾句或第二句以及转折处句子）第1篇I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment.It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voiceand they loved it !It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on form generation to generation.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.and an addedsource(来源) ofAs a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]既然是记叙文一般就从首尾段找主旨I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I wasalways an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.As a novelist, l've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library, Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can. [ 2020全国II卷D篇]从首尾段提取主题词可以快速缩小选择范围提高准确率即微观上要抓住主题词那么主题词特征有以下几个●反复高频出现●绝大多数以名词为主动词和形容词为辅●出现时往往前有铺垫后有解释说明I和library 就是反复出现高频词并且说的就是I和library的关系优先排除A和B 都属于无中生有显然Young属于偷换概念只有D 和主题词切合并且逻辑关系是呼应的即I和library的关系第2篇Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume thatmore is more when it es to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about being a doctor)For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them? And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ballsimple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, pletely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.[ 2018全国III卷D ]首先先快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子（每段有每段的中心句这个中心句可能是全文主旨句也可能只是本段的主旨所以为了更全面把握主旨中心需要每段都要扫读到）Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that提取首尾段首先排除A 和D 显然文中没有提及属于无中生有文中是帮助孩子学习而B的向孩子学习显然属于颠倒逻辑答案C就是直接来自首段尾句其实当文章自问自答或者提出了问题那么后面的回答就是文章的主题三、科普类文章：主旨一般与研究结果或专家建议观点紧密相关快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论第3篇We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.What's the problem? It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's challenging, or we think it's unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big advantages. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social munication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk," he explains. "The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just municate with them."In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to look for an interaction (互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their waiter reported higher positive (积极的) feelings and a better coffee shop experience. "It's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband." says Dunn. But interactions with peripheral (边缘的) members of our social network matter for our wellbeing also."Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a greater sense of belonging (归属感), a relationship with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. "Small talk is the basis of good manners." he says [2018II卷D篇]通过每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找出观点结论性的词句We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, around by people who are, like us, deeply look at their smartphones or, worse, fighting with the unfortable silence.首段只是一个铺垫而第二段but转折词后面信息才是关键信息，Small talk是在文中反复出现的高频词文章结构属于总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释科普类文章的一大特点提出一个现象或问题再提出观点结论然后进行解释说明首先就可以排除A和C 那么B和D 那个和主旨更切合呢B和D结构相同都是of结构显然D文中并没有提到ways，而是反复在讲advantages第4篇We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.Oh Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of seadwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts(支柱) in coastal waters. "They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. I could see them actually walking under the sea.' In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them. "It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population," said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论the past few thousand years.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at highthere were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. [ 2020 全国III卷D篇]显然首段的首句就是一种观点，第二句又用科学研究发现来进一步证实另外evolution及近义词是反复出现的高频词文章属于总分结构：总观点+分别解释这道题难在出题者对选项答案进行了巧妙化处理并没有直接使用文中的词句故意进行了变换增加了难度和迷惑性不过可以先使用排除法B选项skills文中并未提及属于无中生有，偏离文章主题D 选项中的字眼Best绝对化像这样的选项除非文中明确指出来了，否则带有绝对性字眼的选项不要选另外文中说的是better而非best C选项methods文中也未提到属于无中生有正面分析 A 选项关键词就是remodeled 进行拆分re再次ed过去分词表完成状态model 模式模型——再模型化——重构改型含义=evolution出题者为了增加难度往往把正确答案设定成原文词的同义词近义词或短语第5篇Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overing this very tiny big problem? lt's turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It depending on NASA HUNCH high school class, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a solution(解决方案). "We don't give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers," says Florence Gold, a project manager."There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than 'Are you working towards your goal?' Basically, it's 'I've got to produce this product and then, at the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers e and really do an inperson review, and..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. （2019全国IlI卷D篇）快速扫读每段的首尾句或第二句及转折处句子寻找观点结论Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物) from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hoursand..it's not a very nice thing at time. It's a hard business review of your product.Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. "These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don't teach." And that annoying bacteria? Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space. （2019全国IlI卷D篇）首段提出问题but转折之后的尾句才是关键信息而第二段首句直接给出观点回答问题，NASA HUNCH是反复出现的词典型的总分结构：铺垫+总观点+分别解释提出问题解决问题解释说明其实有时候归纳出文章主旨并不难，而难在出题人在选项上故意设置陷阱迷惑我们，刁难大家让你误入歧途所以我们要紧紧抓住主旨去排除错误选项，选择正确选项本文主旨说的是NASA的HUNCH项目与high school classrooms之间关系HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. 那么首先可以排除A和C 因为A只讲了NASA 而后面的the home 纯属无中生有而C选项Nature是属于偷换概念用于代替NASA显然不对另外文中也没有提及outdoor classroom那么D中虽然有HUNCH 但后面讲的是大学准入改革而HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. 说的是有影响并不是说HUNCH program就是准入改革风马牛不相及只有B选项提到了Space 与NASA有关对应后面还提到homework与high school classrooms 紧密相关对应B选项同时把space和homework联系起来与文中主旨NASA与high school classrooms联系是呼应的贴合的总结解主旨题要把明确文章体裁握住文章的行文脉络和结构从每段首尾句或第二句及转折处句子找主旨段主旨句主题词从而归纳出主旨还要紧扣主旨去选择和排除那么具有迷惑性的错误答案另外明确了文章了主旨对于读懂文章和做其他题型都有帮助毕竟主旨对全文和所有的题都有统摄作用作者不可能偏离主题去写文章出题者也不可能偏离主题去出题。
高考英语阅读理解,主旨大意题解题技巧
高考英语阅读理解,主旨大意题解题技巧高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。
这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括，此句叫主题句，这类题主要考查读者把握全文内容或理解中心思想的能力。
一、题型介绍:一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。
这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括，此句叫主题句，这类题主要考查读者把握全文内容或理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、写作特点的能力。
一般说来说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。
但有时不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句，在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。
主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。
常见的主旨大意题的考查形式:The text is mainly about ____.The main idea/The general idea/The main purpose is ______.What’s the main point the w riter is trying to make in the last paragraph? What would be the best title /headline for the text?This article mainly tells about the story of ____. What is the topic of the text?The subject discussed in this text is ____. What does the second paragraph discuss? The paragraph (passage) deals with _____. What is mainly discussed in the text?二、主旨大意题解题方法与步骤:略读法是理解全文大意的快速而有效的方法，略读的关键是能抓住文章要点的前提下，以个人最快的速度阅读，主要目的是尽快获得足够的信息以便准确的回答问题，利用略读法去做阅读时，要特别注意首尾两段，要学会寻找文章段落的主题句，这是高效省事地抓住段落要点的捷径，同时也是准确理解文章大意的有效途径。
高考英语阅读理解专项突破之主旨大意题解答策略与技巧课件
教育部2023高考大纲: 阅读理解部分“要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、 广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能: (1) 理解主旨和要义; (2)理解文中具体信息; (3)根据上下文推断生词的词义; (4)作出简单判断和推理; (5)理解文章的基本结构; (6)理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 下面主要讲我们在最后阶段应如何快速提高解答阅读理解题(主旨大意题)的准确率和速度。
主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式
（2）Main purpose 型
选择项多为动宾结构，要求考生找到某句话、某段话或者谋篇文章的主要写作目的。 常见以下几种题干形式:
①What’s the purpose of the passage/paragraph 2? ②The passage is meant to ③The purpose of the article/paragraph 1 is to ④In this passage/ paragraph 2, the writer tries to tell us that ⑤The passage/ paragraph 3 tells us that ⑥The author's main purpose in writing the passage/ paragraph 1 is to
主旨大意题常有以下几种命题方式
（1）Main idea 型
选择项多为陈述句，要求考生选择表达作者思想或观点的句子。 题干形式大多数为：
高考英语阅读理解：命题分析及突破方法(教师版)
高考英语阅读理解：命题分析及突破方法（教师版）山西：冯瑞一：阅读思维导图：二：突出语用、体裁多样纵观近三年高考阅读理解，为了考查考生对不同体裁的文章的理解和掌握，阅读理解材料通常由各种不同体裁的文章构成。
概括起来，阅读材料涉及记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文等体裁。
这些不同体裁的阅读材料重在考杳考生叙事、论说、表达等实际运用语言的能力，只有在日常学习过程中坚持多样化阅读的学生才能适应阅读理解试题在体裁上的多样化。
三、题型灵活、主旨突出在近三年的高考阅读理解中，事实细节题占一定比例的同时，猜测词义、推理判断的主旨大意、理解文章的基本结构、理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
等需要考生深层次理解文章的试题也占有越来越大的比重。
这反映了高考突出对语言运用能力考查的命题思想。
四．选材新颖、语言地道高考阅读理解材料全部来源于真实生活。
几乎所有的阅读材料都直接选自国外的媒体，都保持了语言纯正地道、原汁原味的特点、特别是实行新课标的省份，其阅读的难度和语言的韵味更体现了这一特点。
平时的学习中要养成每天阅读的习惯，并做两篇阅读理解，进行限时阅读，以训练阅读速度。
学会分析长难句，抓住句了主干，理清句子成分，分出枝叶。
考点一事实细节题1. 对号入座题1. According to the passage, when (why, how where, who, what, which, etc)____?2. In the passage, the author states that___.3.The passage indicates that_______.2. 是非判断题A. 三正一误1.Which of the following statements is false /not true according to the passage?2. All the statements are true except _____.3.The following are mentioned except ___.4.Which of the following statements is not correct?B. 三误一正1. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?2. All the following statements are not true except _____.3.Which of the following sentences is right according to the passage?4.Which of the following statements is correct?3．语义转换题1．According to the author, “it”was caused by __.2．The reason …is that _____.3．According to the passage, _______.4．逻辑排序题1.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage2.Which order of the following is right?3.What’s the right order of the events related to …?4.Which of the following shows the right order of…?解题技巧与策略第一步：略读题干(Skimming)首先，快速浏览每道试题的题干(即问题)。
高考英语阅读指导主旨大意题目技巧
抓住关键词句
重视文章高频词
考生在阅读文章时需要特别关注那些出现频率较高的词汇，它们很可能是文 章的主题词。
注意转折词和逻辑关系
考生还需要关注文章中的转折词和逻辑关系，如“however”, “but”, “and”, “therefore”等，它们可以帮助考生判断出作者的观点和态度。
排除干扰选项
新闻报道类文章通常会涉及时事、政治、社会热点等话题，主旨大意通常会 出现在文章的首段或尾段。考生需要通过快速浏览全文，特别是关注标题和 首尾段，了解文章的主要内容和观点。
实例2：科普类文章
总结词
把握结构，关注转折词和重点句
详细描述
科普类文章通常会涉及科学知识、研究方法和发现等话题，主旨大意通常会出现 在文章的转折词和重点句中。考生需要把握文章的结构，关注转折词和重点句， 从中提取文章的主要观点和信息。
分析题干选项
考生还需要观察选项中是否包含主题词或主题内容，以便在原文中定位关键信息 。
把握文章结构
识别文体特点
主旨大意题多出现在议论文、说明文和夹叙夹议的文章中， 考生需要针对不同文体把握文章结构。
关注首尾段和每段首尾句
考生需要重点关注文章的首尾段和每段的首尾句，因为它们 通常包含了文章的主题和每段的主要内容。
表述过于片面
总结词
观点单一或偏颇
详细描述
有时候，考生可能只看到了文章中的某个方面或者只关注了某些信息，从而 忽略了其他重要细节，导致答案片面。
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提高主旨大意题解题技巧
பைடு நூலகம்
仔细阅读题干
观察题干问法
主旨大意题通常会以“main idea”, “main theme”, “key point”等形式出 现，考生需要识别出这些关键词来确定题目问的是什么。
高考英语阅读指导主旨大意题目技巧
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主旨大意题专项训练
训练题材选择
精选原汁原味的英语文章，涵盖政治、经济、文化、科技等 方面，以便考生熟悉不同领域背景知识，提高阅读理解能力 。
按照高考阅读理解的难度和题型设计要求，设置多样化的文 章结构和题型，帮助考生逐步提升解题技巧。
阅读速度训练
通过大量阅读训练，提高考生的阅读速度和阅读流畅度， 加强考生对英语文章的理解和把握能力。
注意转折词
例如but, however等，这 些词通常会引出主题句。
理解主题句
抓住关键词
关键词是理解主题句的关键，例如名词、动词等实义词。
注意语气词
例如and, but等，这些词通常会帮助判断句子的语气和态度 。
把握中心思想
关注主题句的上下文
通过上下文理解主题句的语境和含义。
避免主观臆断
要客观地理解文章的中心思想，不要加入自己的主观判断。
采用计时阅读训练法，在规定时间内要求考生完成整篇文 章的阅读，并对答题情况进行详细记录和总结，以便考生 了解自己的不足并加以改进。
解题技巧训练
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针对主旨大意题的特点，重点训练考生快速把 握文章主题和中心思想的能力，提高考生的语 言概括能力和信息整合能力。
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教授考生如何利用文章标题、主题句、关键词 等关键信息，快速定位答案所在段落或句子， 并准确概括出答案。
题目通常会要求学生从文章中找出主题句或归纳 概括文章的主旨。
主题句通常出现在文章的首段或末段，或者在段 落的转折处。
解题技巧的运用
读懂全文
找主题句
归纳概括
注意细节
检查答案
在解题前，学生需要通 读全文，理解文章的大 致内容和结构。
通过分析文章的结构和 逻辑关系，找出文章的 主题句。
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高考英语阅读专题之主旨大意题关于主旨大意题的高考考试说明每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。
有时从文章第一个段落甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义，从这一段或这个句子读者会知道文章描述的是谁或什么（即文章的主题），亦会了解到作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。
有时，作者没有明示文章的主旨要义，需要读者从文章的字里行间进行归纳和概括。
一、主旨大意题的命题形式这类试题包括要求考生选出短文的标题(title, headline)、短文或段落的主题(subject)、中心思想(main idea)、作者的写作目的(purpose或为传递信息、或为愉悦读者、或为阐述某一道理)等。
这类题的设问方式主要有：(1)The subject of the passage/paragraph is ______.(2)The main idea of the passage/paragraph is ______.(3)The text is mainly about ______.(4)The passage mainly centers on ______.(5)The passage mainly tells about ______.(6)What is the subject discussed in the text(7)What is the main idea of this passage(8)What is the passage mainly about(9)What does the second paragraph mainly discuss(10)What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph(11)Which of the following is the best title for the passage(12)Which title best gives the idea of the passage(13)What would be the best title for the text(14)What might be the most suitable title for the passage(15)The best headlines for this newspaper article would be______(16)The main purpose of announcing the above events is to give information about ______.(17)The writer's purpose in writing this story is ______.(18)What is the author's main purpose(19)What does the writer really want to tell us in this passage(20)The writer wrote the story in order to______.(21)What is the advice given in the text / passage / article二、寻找主题句的方法正确的解答这类题目的关键是准确地找出文章的主题句。
那么，主题句通常在哪里呢(1)主题句在文首；(2)主题句在文中；(3)主题句在文末；(4)主题句以首尾呼应的形式出现在文首和文末。
（4）无明显主题句，需根据高频词或各段落主题句进行总结概括1.主题句在文首Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. The main idea of the paragraph is ________.2.主题句在文中Some people like reading, and some people like swimming. I have many hobbies, such as reading, skating, and traveling. In fact, different people have different hobbies. My friend Ann studies very hard. So her hobby is reading all kinds of books. Tony loves working with her hands, and hishobby is gardening.What does this paragraph mainly talk about3.主题句在文末When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can' t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you should always say you are happy.What is the passage mainly about4.主题句首尾呼应Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth itWhat is the main ideaA.Smoking can cause cancer.B.Smoking is a terrible killerC.Smoking is harmful to our health.D.An experiment on smoking5.无明显主题句根据高频词概括Everyonecanexperienceangersometimes.Butnoteveryonecancontrolitproperly. Tosome people,controllingangerseemslikethehardestthingintheworldtodo.Controltheseby talkingtoyourselfinyourownmind, whenyouexperienceunwantedfeeling. Bytalkingitoverinyourown headyoucanworkouthowyouwillbestdealwiththesituation. Angercontrolcanalsobeachievedby communicating with others withhonesty. Youcaneffectivelytrainyourselftorespondtosituationswithoutgettingannoyedaboutthings. Itisimportanttoremember it is possible for everyone to get angryandtherefore, controllingitistherealchallenge.What is the best title of the passageA. Not everyone can control anger.B. How to control anger.C. Communicating with others is helpful.D. Controlling anger is challenging根据各段主题句概括Mother’s Day was coming, a man stopped at a flower shop to order some flowers to be wired(电邮给) to his mother who lived two hundred miles away.As he got out of his car, he noticed a young girl sobbing (啜泣) . He asked her what was wrong with her and she replied, “I wanted to buy a red rose for my mother. But I only have seventy-five cents, and a rose costs two dollars.”The man smiled and said, “Come on in with me. I’ll buy you a rose.”After they went in, he bought a rose for the little girl and ordered flowers for his own mother.As they were leaving, he offered to ride the girl home. She said, “Yes, please! But can you take me to my mother”“To your mother”the man was a little puzzled but didn’t say anything.She directed him to a cemetery(公墓), where she placed the rose on a freshly dug grave (新坟). The man was shocked and returned to the flower shop, canceled(取消) the wire order, picked up a bunch of flowers and drove the two hundred miles to his mother’s house.What is the passage mainly aboutA.Moved by the girl, the man sent his mother the flowers himself on Mother’s Day.B. A man helped a girl to buy a flower for her mother.C.We should often help others.D.We should love our mothers.小练习1.Smoking in indoor public places including public working places, public transport vehicles andsome other special outdoor working places has been banned (禁止) in China since January smoking be banned in public placesOf course,it should be.First, banning smoking will not only help in saving smokers from health problems and diseases, but willalso be good for passive smokers.Next, banning smoking will put stress on smokers to give up. Since a smoker is prevented from smoking.At last,smoking cigarettes adds to the pollution of the air,so if it isbanned, it will help in saving the environment from further deterioration(恶化).What is the main idea of the passageis bad for health.will increase pollution.should be banned.can cause fire.2. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course, manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices.What is the main ideaA. Economic PrinciplesB. Law of Supply and DemandC. More Goods, Lower PricesD. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices3. Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance What does the writher want to tell usA. The innocent looks more guilty.B. The professional criminal looks innocent.C. A man knows everything likes to hide his weekness.D. We shouldn’t judge a person only by his appearance.4. WeChat(微信) is a mobile text and voice messaging communication service developed by Tencent in China, first released in January 2011. With WeChat, we can communicate with friends by sending text messages, voice messages, we can share our photos or videos, share our location,we can even chat with lots of friends at the same time. More important, it is free for the users. The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.A. The tools of chatting.B. We can use Wechat to chat with lots of friends.C. The functions of Wechat.D. We should often communicate with friends.5. For adults a cold is not that serious. However, this is not the case for children. Cold symptoms in children may be signs of more serious diseases and should be given prompt medical attention. What does the paragraph mainly talk aboutA. Cold is not serious for adults.B. Cold is serious for children.C. Cold has obvious symptoms.D. Cold should be cured at once.6. Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can satisfy all students at the same time.What is the main ideaA. Some students prefer a strict teacher.B. No one teaching method can satisfy allstudents at the same time.C. Some students prefer to do work on their own.D. Students should respect teachers.7. Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire(轮胎) goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper(野营者) also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.What is the main ideaA. A flashlight is useful every day.B. A flashlight is useful in dark situations.C. Children are afraind of darkness.D. A camper needs a flashlight when the campfire is out.8. Magellan’s(麦哲伦) men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of South America, they reached the Pacific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Finally, in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died. Magellan’s voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.Which of the following is the best title for this passageA. Magellan’s deathB. Going Around the WorldC. The World Is RoundD. Magellan’s Voyage9. There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount of, or access to, certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then price rises. Of course, manufacturers prefer to sell more goods at increased prices.What is the main ideaA.Economic Principlesw of Supply and DemandC.More Goods, Lower PricesD.Fewer Goods, Higher Prices10. If you are robbed, keep calm. If you cannot cry for help or run away, give the robber your money. Try to remember what the robber looks like and tell the police.If it is raining hard and there is lightning. Don’t stay in high places and keep away from trees. When there is a fire, get away as fast as you can. Put wet things on your body and try and find an exit. Do not take the lift!If someone is drowning(溺水), If you can’t swim, don’t get into the water. Cry out for help. Remember that danger is never as far away as you think. We shouldtake care of ourselves.What is the best titleA. Danger everywhere.B. Take care of ourselves.C. How to save othersD. Don’t stay under the tree when raining.高考题汇编1. 主题句在文首这类文章写法上的特点是：文章的第一句起着点题的作用，概括了文章的主要内容或信息，下文接着对主题句所涉及的话题进行具体的阐述。