纺织英语课文翻译-Lesson Seven-flax

Lesson Seven
第六课
Flax
亚麻
Flax is a bast fiber——a woody fiber obtained from the phloem plants. It derives from the stalk or stem of the plant. The flax plant requires a temperate climate with generally cloudy skies and adequate moisture. Bright sunlight and high temperatures are damaging unless alternated with abundant rainfall. Flaxseed is planted in April or May. When the crop is to be used for fiber, the seed is sown close together so that the plants will be closely packed and produce fine plants with long, thin stems. The plants grow to a height of 0.9 to 1.2 meters for fiber use. The blossoms are a delicate pale blue, white, or pink. Flax for fiber is pulled before the seeds are ripe.
亚麻是韧皮纤维——一个木质纤维经韧皮部植物。

它来源于植物的茎或茎。

麻植物需要一个
温带气候与一般多云的天空和充足的水分。

明亮的阳光和高温破坏,除非相间过量降雨。

亚麻
籽是种植在四月和五月。

当作物用于纤维、种子播种也接近,这样植物将密集,生产不出优质植
物茎长,薄。

植物生长的高度0.9 - 1.2米为纤维使用。

樱花是一种微妙的淡蓝色,白色,或粉红色。

亚麻纤维的拉种子成熟之前。

Flax for fiber is pulled by hand in some countries or by mechanical pullers. It is important to keep the roots intact, as fibers extend below the ground surface. Harvesting occurs in late August when the plant is a brown color. After drying, the plant is ripped; that is, it is pulled through special threshing machines that remove the seed bolls or pods.
亚麻纤维是用手拉在一些国家或机械张力辊。

重要的是要保持根完好无损,纤维在地面下表面
扩展。

发生在8月下旬收获当植物是一个棕色的颜色。

烘干之后,这些植物已经被撕破了;也就
是说,它是通过特殊脱粒机械拉删除种子棉桃或豆荚。

To obtain fibers from the stalk, the outer woody portion must be rotted away. This process, known as retting, can be accomplished by any of several procedures.
获得从茎纤维,外层伍迪部分必须腐烂了。

这个过程被称为沤麻,可以通过任何的几个程序。

Dew retting involves the spreading of the flax on the ground, where it is exposed to the action of dew and sunlight. This natural method of retting gives uneven results but provides the strongest and most durable linen. It requires a period of 4 to 6 weeks.
露沤麻涉及传播的亚麻在地面上,在那里它被暴露于阳光雨露和的作用。

这种自然的方法给了
不均匀的结果但提供沤麻最强大、最耐用的亚麻布。

它需要一段时间的4至6周。

Pool retting is a process whereby the flax is packed in sheaves and immersed in pools of stagnant water. Bacteria in the water rot away the outer stalk covering. The time required is 2 to 4 weeks.
池沤麻是一个过程,亚麻是用捆,浸入池死水。

细菌在水里烂掉外柄覆盖。

所需的时间是2到4
周。

Tank retting similar to pool retting, utilizes large tanks in which the flax is stacked. The tanks are filled with warm water, which increases the speed of bacterial action. Tank retting requires only a few days. Both pool and tank retting give good-quality flax that is uniform in strength and light in color.
槽浸解类似于池浸解,利用大型坦克,亚麻是堆叠。

坦克充满了温暖的水,这就增加了细菌作用
的速度。

坦克沤麻只需要几天。

两个池和坦克沤麻给高质量的亚麻,统一在强度、光的颜色。

Chemical retting is accomplished by stacking the flax in tanks, filling the tanks with water, and adding chemicals such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, or dilute sulfuric acid. Chemical retting can be completed in a matter of hours instead of days or weeks. However, it must be carefully controlled in order to prevent damage to the fiber.
化学浸解可以通过叠加的亚麻在坦克、灌装坦克与水,添加化学物质如氢氧化钠、碳酸钠或稀硫酸。

化学浸解可以在几小时内完成,而不是几天或几周。

然而,它必须仔细地控制以防止损伤纤维。

After the retting is complete, the flax is rinsed and dried. The stalks are then bundled together and pressed between fluted rollers that break the outer woody covering into small particles. It is then scutched to separate the outer covering from the usable fiber.
浸水后完成,亚麻冲洗和干燥。

其茎干然后捆绑在一起,压在槽辊,打破外伍迪覆盖成小颗粒。

然后将大麻打成外壳从可用的纤维。

After scutching, the flax fibers are hackled, or combed. This operation separates the short fibers, called tow, from the long fibers, called line. This is accomplished by drawing the fibers between several sets of pins, each successive set finer than the preceding set. This process is similar to the carding and combing operation used for cotton and prepares the flax fibers for the final steps in yarn manufacture. As the fibers are removed from the hackling machine, they are drawn out into a sliver.
在清棉,亚麻纤维梳,或精梳。

此操作将短纤维,称为牵引,从长纤维,称为线。

这是完成的画几套之间的纤维针,每个连续的组比前面的设置更。

这个过程类似于梳理和梳理操作用于棉和亚麻纤维准备最后的步骤在纱线制造。

随着纤维移开从栉梳机,他们被吸引到一个条子。

The flax sliver is drawn out into yarn, and twist is imparted. Flax fibers are spun either dry or wet, but wet spinning is considered to give the best quality yarn. The final yarn processing is similar to that used for cotton fiber.
麻棉条抽出成纱、捻是传授。

亚麻纤维纺要么干或湿,但湿纺被认为给最优质的纱线。

最后的纱处理类似于用于棉花纤维。

Flax fiber is not so fine as cotton; flax cells have an average diameter of 15 to 18 microns and vary in length from 0.63 to 6.35 cm. Bundles of cells form the actual fiber as it is used in spinning into yarns, and these bundles may be anywhere from 12.7 to 50.8 cm long. Line fibers are usually more than 30.5 cm long; tow fibers are shorter.
亚麻纤维是不太好的棉花,亚麻细胞的平均直径15到18微米和不同长度从0.63到6.35厘米。

成捆的细胞形成实际的纤维,它是用于纺纱成纱,和这些包可能是任何地方从12.7到50.8厘米长。

线纤维通常超过30.5厘米长,拖纤维较短。

The natural color of flax varies from light to ivory to gray. The choice fibers from Belgium are a pale sandy color and require little or no bleaching.
自然色的亚麻不同光的象牙灰色。

选择纤维从比利时是一个苍白的沙色,需要很少或没有漂白。

Flax fibers have a high natural luster with an attractive sheen.
亚麻纤维具有较高的自然光泽与一个有吸引力的光泽。

Flax is a strong fiber; the normal tenacity ranges between 5.5 and 6.5 grams per denier. Some fibers of inferior quality may have a tenacity as low as 2.6 g/d, and some top quality fiber may exhibit a tenacity as high as 7.7 g/d. Fabrics of flax are durable and easy to maintain because of the fiber strength. When wet, the fiber is about 20 percent stronger than when dry.
亚麻是一种强大的纤维;正常的韧性范围在5.5和6.5之间克/旦。

一些质量低劣的纤维可能有韧性低至2.6 g / d,和一些高质量的纤维可能表现出一种坚韧高达7.7 g / d。

亚麻面料耐用,易于维护,因为纤维的强度。

当湿,纤维是大约20%比当干。

Most linen fabrics for apparel use have been given various resin finishes to provide consumers with easy-care performance. These finishes reduce the strength of flax so that these fabrics tend to give less durability.
大多数亚麻织物服装使用了各种树脂完成,为消费者提供简单保健性能。

这些完成强度的降低亚麻,这样这些面料往往给更少的耐久性。

Flax has low pliability or flexibility, which may result in reduced serviceability in uses where frequent bending is required.
亚麻有低柔软或灵活性,这可能导致减少在应用中,使用可靠性需要频繁弯曲。

Flax has a standard moisture regain of about 12 percent. The saturation regain is comparable to that of other cellulosic fibers. Flax has outstanding wicking properties, which make it possible to move moisture along the fibers and yarns as well as to absorb moisture.
亚麻有标准回潮率约为12%。

饱和恢复与其他纤维素纤维。

亚麻有杰出的灯芯材料属性,使它能够转移水分沿纤维和纱线以及吸收水分。

Like other cellulose fibers, flax burns quickly. It is highly resistant to decomposition or degradation by
dry heat and will withstand temperatures to 150。

C for long period with little or no change in properties. Prolonged exposure above 150。

C will result in gradual discoloration. Safe ironing temperature may go as high as 260。

C as long as the fabric is not held at that high temperature for any length of time.
像其他纤维素纤维、亚麻加速燃烧。

它是高度耐分解或降解干热和将承受温度150.摄氏度,长期与很少或没有改变属性。

长期暴露超过150. c将导致逐渐变色。

安全熨烫温度可能高达260. c只要面料是不举行,高温长时间。

The strength of flax fibers makes it possible to manufacture a wide variety of yarns, from very fine to very heavy, which can be used to make a wide variety of fabrics, from the sheer and loose to heavy and compact. Linen is a frequent choice for table coverings because it wears well, looks extremely attractive and elegant, and when properly finished, lies flat on the table. To achieve this flat effect, a beetling finish is often used.
亚麻纤维的强度可以制造各种各样的纱线,从很细很重,可用于各种织物,从纯粹的和宽松的沉重和紧凑。

亚麻是一种常见的选择因为它耐穿桌布,看起来非常有吸引力和优雅,当妥善完成,平躺在桌子上。

为实现这一平面效果,一个突出的完成是经常使用。

The natural resistance of flax to chemicals, including detergents, bleaches, other laundry aids, and dry-cleaning solvents, provides a fabric that is easily maintained. Further, these properties, plus resistance to sunlight, inherent fiber strength, and resistance to aging, result in fabrics with along life.
自然阻力的亚麻,化学品,包括洗涤剂、漂白剂、其他洗衣艾滋病,干洗溶剂,提供了一种织物,也易于维护。

进一步,这些属性,加上耐阳光、固有的纤维强度,耐老化,导致织物在生活。

When selecting apparel items of linen, consumers prefer fabrics with crease-resistant or durable-press finishes. These may require special care instructions, which should be carefully followed.
在选择服饰的亚麻布,消费者更喜欢面料不起皱褶的或耐久压烫完成。

这些可能需要特别的护理指导,应该小心地跟着。