工程地质词汇大全
工程地质学专业词汇
英汉工程地质学专业词汇(与双语教学讲义 Engineering Geology 配套使用)黄 雨 选编同济大学地下建筑与工程系2009.10编写说明为了配合同济大学土木工程专业工程地质学双语教学改革的需要，我们于2009年，从F.G. Bell所编著的Engineering Geology(Second edition 2007)及Tony Waltham所编著的Foundations of Engineering Geology(Second edition 2001)两本书中选编了与工程地质学关系较密切的部分专业词汇，以英汉对照的形式刊出，便于学生使用。
以求对学生在双语教学课堂和课后学习时有所帮助。
使用过程中若发现不当之处，欢迎多提批评和建议，以便及时补充更正。
编者2009年10月ContentsChapter 1 Introduction....................................................................................... ..1 Chapter 2 Rock Types and Stratigraphy .. (1)Chapter 3 Geological Structure (4)Chapter 4 Soil Engineering Properties and Classification (5)Chapter 5 Groundwater (7)Chapter 6 The main engineering geology problems in civil engineering (8)chapter 7 In-situ test (10)Chapter 8 Site investigation (10)Chapter 1 Introduction Engineering geology 工程地质学engineering practice 工程实践geomorphology 地貌学structural geology 构造地质学sedimentology 沉积学petrology 岩石学stratigraphy 地层学Chapter 2 Rock Types and Stratigraphy earth crust 地壳the mantle 地幔the core 地核Mineral 矿物Rock 岩石Igneous rock 岩浆岩Sedimentary rock 沉积岩Metamorphic rock 变质岩Luster 光泽Streak 条痕Cleavage 解理Fracture 断裂Mohs’ Scale of Hardness 莫氏硬度计Talc 滑石Gypsum 石膏Calcite 方解石Fluorspar 萤石Apatite 磷灰石Orthoclase feldspar 正长石Quartz 石英Topaz 黄玉Corundum 刚玉Diamond 金刚石Pyrite 黄铁矿Hematite 赤铁矿Dolomite 白云石Olivine 橄榄石augite 普通辉石Pyroxene 辉石Amphibole 闪石Hornblende 角闪石Plagioclase 斜长石anorthite 钙长石potash feldspar 钾长石Mica 云母Muscovite 白云母Biotite 黑云母silica minerals 硅氧矿物felsic 长英矿物mafic 铁镁质矿物Kaolinite 高岭石Montmorillonite 蒙脱石Illite 伊利石Garnet 石榴子石Chlorite 绿泥石Serpentine 蛇纹石Magma 岩浆Batholiths 岩基Stock 岩株Lopolith 岩盆Sill岩床Dyke岩脉Vein纹理Lense 透镜体Plutonic rock深成岩Hypabyssal rock 浅成岩Acidic igneous rocks 酸性岩Intermediate igneous rocks 中性岩Basic igneous rocks 基性岩Ultrabasic igneous rocks 超基性岩leucocratic rock 浅色岩mesocratic rock 中色岩melanocratic rock 暗色岩hypermelanic rock 深暗色岩degree of crystallinity 结晶度crystal 晶体phenocryst 斑晶Holocrystalline 全晶质Holohyaline 全玻璃质(非晶质) massive structure 块状构造rhyotaxitic structure 流纹状构造vesicular structure 气孔状构造amygdaloidal structure 杏仁状构造Merocrystalline 半晶质granular texture 粒状构造granular texture 等粒结构Inequigranular texture 不等粒结构Porphyritic texture 斑状结构Cryptocrystalline 隐晶质Phanerocrystalline 显晶质Granite 花岗岩Pegmatite 伟晶岩Syenite 正长岩Diorite 闪长岩Gabbro 辉长岩Peridotite橄榄岩Pyroxenite 辉岩Porphyrite 玢岩Porphyry 斑岩Diabase 辉绿岩Rhyolite 流纹岩Trachyte 粗面岩Andesite 安山岩Basalt 玄武岩Pumice 浮岩lithify （使）岩化consolidation 固结作用cementation胶结作用component 成分classification 分类sediment 沉积物detrital sediment 碎屑沉积fragments of rock 岩石碎片volcanic ash 火山灰Clay mineral 粘土矿物aluminium silicate 硅酸铝hydrophilicity 亲水性plasticity可塑性dilatability 膨胀性Organic substance 有机物质size analysis 粒级分析Grading curve 级配曲线Conglomerate 砾岩Breccias 角砾岩sand stone 砂岩Siltstone 粉砂岩Mud stone 泥岩Shale 页岩Bed 岩层Chemical rock 化学岩Biochemical Rock 生物化学岩Stratum (pl. strata) 岩层Bedded 成层的Bedding 层理horizontal bedding 水平层理oblique bedding 斜层理cross bedding 交错层理graded bedding 粒级层理Stratigraphic 地层学的Bedding planes 层面Formation 组Deposit 堆积，沉淀Clastic Rock 碎屑岩Recrystallization 重结晶作用Metamorphism 变质作用metacryst texture变晶结构palimpsest texture变余结构porphyroblast 斑状变晶tabular structure 板状构造phyllitic structure千枚状构造schistose structure片状构造gneissic structure片麻状构造dynamic metamorphism 动力变质作用contact metamorphism 接触变质作用regional metamorphism 区域变质作用mountain chain 山链Directional pressure 定向压力Brecciation角砾岩化cataclasis 碎裂作用mylonitization 糜棱岩化Mylonite糜棱岩Slate 板岩Cleavage 解理Schistosity 片理Foliation 叶理Gneiss 片麻岩Marble 大理岩Quartzite 石英岩Stratification 分层Geological time 地质时期Absolute Dating绝对年龄测定Radiometric dating同位素年龄测定Relative dating相对年代测定Stratigraphic correlation method地层对比法Law of Superposition地层层序律fossil 化石index fossil 标准化石time unit 地质年代单位Geological Time Scale地质时标eon 宙Pre-Cambrian time 前寒武纪Phanerozoic time 显生宙Era 代Period 纪Epoch 世Age 期Erathem 界System 系Series 统Cenozoic新生代Mesozoic中生代Palaeozoic古生代Quaternary第四纪Tertiary第三纪Holocene全新世Pleistocene更新世Chapter 3 Geological Structure Geological structure 地质构造Deformation 变形rock failure 岩石破裂Tectonic process 构造运动Discontinuity 不连续horizontal structure 水平构造Inclined structure 倾斜构造crustal movement 地壳运动vertical movement 垂直运动outcrop 岩层露头occurrence 产状dip 倾向dip angle 倾角True dip 真倾角apparent dip 视倾角strike 走向geological survey 地质勘探geological compass 地质罗盘Fold 褶皱Syncline 向斜Anticline 背斜Hinge 枢纽Limb 翼Hinge line 枢纽线Axial plane 轴平面axial surface 轴面Fold axis 褶轴Inter-limb angle 翼间角symmetric fold 对称褶皱asymmetric fold 不对称褶皱overturned fold 倒转褶皱recumbent fold 平卧褶皱Monoclinal fold 单斜褶皱Isoclinal fold等斜褶皱Fan fold扇状褶皱Horizontal fold 水平褶皱Plunging fold倾伏褶皱Dome 穹庐composite fold 复合褶皱drag fold 拖曳褶皱terrain 地形crest 脊tectonic basin 构造盆地fracture 断裂fault 断层joint 节理residual stress 残余应力structural fracture 构造裂隙tensile fracture 张性裂隙shear fracture 剪切裂隙external force 外力Joint rose map节理玫瑰花图Fault plane 断层面Fault dip 断层倾角Fault strike 断层走向Footwall下盘Hanging wall 上盘Fault scarp 断层崖Fault line 断层线Hade 断层倾角Fault distance 断距normal fault 正断层reverse fault 逆断层strike-slip fault走向平移断层Triangular facet 断层三角面active fault 活性断层fault zone 断层带Horst 地垒Graben 地堑Slickenside 断层擦面Fault breccias 断层角砾岩conformity 整合Unconformity 不整合disconformity 假整合angular unconformity 角度不整合Rock Mass 岩体structural plane 结构面Porosity 孔隙度Deformation 变形Elasticity 弹性Plasticity 塑性modulus of elasticity 弹性模量Poisson’s ratio 泊松比transverse strain 横向应变axial strain 轴向应变Rock strength 岩石强度Compressive strength 抗压强度Unconfined Compression Test 无侧限抗压试验Tensile strength 抗拉强度Direct Pull Test 直拉试验Shear strength 抗剪强度triaxial compression test三轴压缩试验internal friction 内摩擦角mud crack 泥裂ripple mark 波痕Joint number in one cubic meter 体积裂隙数Over consolidated 超固结Chapter 4 Soil Engineering Properties andClassificationSoil 土tri-phase soil 三相土Solid particle 固体颗粒grain size 粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter 平均粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size 有效粒径grain size distribution 粒度分布Grain composition 颗粒组成Boulders 块石，漂砾Cobbles 粗砾Gravel 砂砾Sand 砂Silt 粉砂Clay粘土gradation test级配筛分试验semi-logarithmic scale半对数标度Grading curve 级配曲线Coefficient of Uniformity 不均匀系数Coefficient of Curvature,曲率系数well-graded 分选性好poorly graded 分选性差Primary mineral 原生矿物Secondary minerals 次生矿物Soluble salt 可溶盐类Organic materials 有机物质Soil Water 土壤水soil gas 土壤气体single-grained structure 单粒结构flocculent structure 絮状结构honeycomb structure蜂窝结构void ratio 孔隙比compactionness 密实度relative density, density index相对密度compressibility 压缩性coefficient of consolidation 压缩系数liquid limit 液限liquidity index 液性指数Plasticity index 塑性指数shrinkage limit 缩限weight 重度Dry unit weight 干重度Saturated unit weight 饱和重度effective unit weight 有效重度density密度relative density 相对密度maximum dry density 最大干密度Water content 含水量optimum water content 最优含水量specific gravity比重degree of saturation饱和度Eluvial soils 残积土Slope deposits 坡积物Pluvial deposits 洪积物Alluvial soil 冲击土lake deposit 湖相沉积Wind deposit 风成沉积物Glacial deposit 冰川沉积Chapter 5 Groundwater Groundwater 地下水Aquifer 含水层Infiltrate 渗透Seepage 渗流seepage force渗透力seepage velocity渗流速度Capillary water 毛细水Gravity water 重力水Bound water, combined water, held water 结合水Crystal water 结晶水Surface tension 表面张力Capillary pressure 毛细压力Wetting angle 润湿角Hydrostatic pressure 流体静压力Uplift pressure浮托力Pore pressure 孔隙压力Hydrodynamic pressure 动水压力Permeability 渗透率Unconfined aquifer orWater-table aquifer 非承压含水层Recharge 补给Confined or artesian aquifer 承压含水层Artesian well 自流井Water content 含水量Specific retention 持水度Specific yield 给水度Porosity 孔隙度Coefficient of permeability 渗透系数Hydraulic conductivity 水力传导率Hydraulic gradient 水力梯度Darcy's law达西定律Isotropic 均质Homogeneous 各向同性suspended water 包气带水phreatic water 潜水confined water 承压水karst water 喀斯特水（岩溶水）fracture water 裂隙水Pore water 孔隙水perched water上层滞水spring 泉水outcrop of spring 泉水出露contact spring 接触泉overflow spring 溢出泉eroded spring 侵蚀泉well 井artesian spring 自流泉carbonate 碳酸盐Bicarbonate 重碳酸盐carbonic acid 碳酸calcium carbonate 碳酸钙magnesium carbonate 碳酸镁carbon dioxide 二氧化碳cation 阳离子sulphate 硫酸盐chloride 氯化物anion 阴离子solubility 溶解度compound 化合物Sodium salt 钠盐hydrogen sulphide 硫化氢organism 有机物Colloid 胶体Land subsidence 地面沉降Consolidation 固结Heterogeneous不均匀的Anisotropic 各向异性的Cone of depression降水漏斗Seepage failure 渗流破坏Piping 管涌seepage forces 渗流压力Quicksand 流沙flow net 流网Chapter 6 The main engineering geology problems in civil engineeringWeathering 风化作用physical weathering 物理风化chemical weathering 化学风化biological weathering 生物风化exfoliation 剥落parent rock 母岩coefficients of expansion 膨胀系数differential expansion不均匀[局部]膨胀Freeze–thaw action 冻融作用critical moisture content临界含水率oxidation 氧化作用hydration 水化作用hydrolysis 水解作用carbonation 碳酸化作用Solution 溶解作用Anhydrite 硬石膏River 河流Valley floor 谷底river bed 河床channel cross section河槽横断面river bank 河岸attrition 磨损corrasion 侵蚀corrosion 溶蚀meander 河曲alluvial flat 河漫滩oxbow lake牛轭湖river terrace 河流阶地tectonic valley 构造谷erosional valley侵蚀谷tectonic line 构造线master stream 主流lateral corrosion 侧向侵蚀vertical erosion 下切侵蚀accumulational terrace 堆积阶地erosional terrace 侵蚀阶地pedestal terrace 基座阶地Slope failure 边坡不稳Collapse 崩塌Landslide 滑坡shear failure 剪切破坏Sliding body 滑坡体slip surface 滑动面Slip zone 滑动带sliding bed 滑坡床Sliding cliff 滑坡后壁sliding terrace 滑坡台地Sliding tongue 滑坡舌Tension crack 拉张裂缝Shear cracks 剪切裂缝Retrogressive slide 牵引式滑坡Comprehensive treatment综合治理Drainage 排水Catch drain 集水沟Drainage channel 排水槽blind drain 盲沟retaining wall 挡土墙anti-sliding pile 抗滑桩anchoring bar (pin, rod) 锚筋（钉，杆）consolidation grouting 固结灌浆rockfall 岩崩limit equilibrium methods 极限平衡法Karst 喀斯特Lapie 岩沟Clint 石芽Funnel 漏斗corroded depressionpolje 溶蚀谷corroded plain.Sinkhole 落水洞karst cave 岩溶洞underground river 暗河natural bridge 天生桥stalactite钟乳石stalagmite 石笋denudation 剥蚀作用Vertical zoning 垂直分带Dissolution 溶解Scouring 冲刷Earthquake 地震Epicenter 震中earthquake focus 震源plutonic earthquake 深源地震shallow-focus earthquake 浅源地震strong motion earthquake 强烈地震submarine earthquake 海底地震tectonic earthquake 构造地震volcanic earthquake火山地震artificial earthquake 人工地震seismograph 测震仪tsunami 海啸Mercalli Scale麦氏震级Richter scale 里氏震级Footing 基础Foundation 地基Footing 基础foundation stability 地基稳定性natural foundation 天然地基artificial foundation 人工地基shallow foundations 浅基础deep foundations 深基础pile foundation 桩基础strip footing 条形基础ultimate bearing capacity极限承载力load intensity荷载强度allowable bearing capacity容许承载力liquefaction 液化sand boil 砂沸Underground engineering地下工程Overburden覆盖层Elevation 海拔Axis 轴线Hydrogeological condition水文地质条件Subgrade 路基cutting slope 路堑边坡Chapter 7 In-situ testIn-situ test 原位测试natural structure 天然结构natural moisture 天然含水量natural state of stress 天然应力状态Loading Test 静载荷试验plate loading test 平板载荷试验critical edge pressure 临塑荷载ultimate load 极限荷载deformation modulus 变形模量Coefficient of sub-grade reaction 基床反力系数P~s curve p-s曲线s~logt curve s-logt曲线Cone Penetration Test 静力触探试验piezocone penetration test 孔压静力触探penetrometer 贯入仪Standard Penetration Test 标准贯入试验penetration resistance贯入阻力blow count 击数sampling 取样sleeve 套筒Shear Vane Test 十字板剪切试验Chapter 8 Site investigation engineering geological investigation 工程地质勘查engineering geological profiles 工程地质剖面图bore histogram钻孔柱状图。
(完整版)地质工程专业常用英文词汇
1论述expound(explain), state河流river course引入introduce into河床river bed(channel)相应的corresponding冲沟gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)观点conception河漫滩floodplain(valley flat)概论overview阶地terrace概率probability冲积平原alluvial plain观点化conceptualize三角洲delta宏观的macroscopic古河流fossil river course, fossil stream channel增补complement冲积扇alluvial fan规划plan洪积扇diluvial fan证明demonstrate, certify, attest坡积裙talus apron证明confirmation分水岭divide赔偿compensate, make up, imburse盆地basin算法algorithm岩溶地貌karst land feature, karst landform鉴别式discriminant溶洞solution cave, karst cave有限元方法finite element method(FEM)落水洞sinkhole样本单元法sample element method(SEM)土洞Karstic earth cave赤平投影法stereographic projection method(SPM)赤平投影stereographic projection 2 地层岩性扰乱位移法interference displacement method(IDM)地层geostrome (stratum, strata)扰乱能量法interference energy method(IEM)岩性lithologic character, rock property条分法method of slices岩体rock mass极限均衡法limit equilibrium method岩层bed stratum界面元法boundary element method岩层layer, rock stratum模拟simulate母岩matrix, parent rock计算程序computer program相变facies change数值剖析numerical analysis硬质岩strong rock, film计算工作量calculation load软质岩weak rock解的独一性uniqueness of solution硬质的competent多层结构模型laminated model软质的incompetent非线性nonlinear基岩bedrock横观各向同性lateral isotropy岩组petrofabric各向同性isotropy覆盖层overburden各向异性anisotropy交织层理cross bedding非均质性heterogeneity层面bedding plane界限条件boundary condition片理schistosity本构方程constitutive equation层理bedding初始条件initial condition板理（叶理）foliation初始状态rest condition波痕ripple-mark岩土工程geotechnical engineering,泥痕mud crack土木匠程civil engineering雨痕raindrop imprints基础工程foundation engineering造岩矿物rock-forming minerals最不利滑面the most dangerous slip surface黏土矿物clay mineral交替alternate高岭土kaolinite控制论cybernetics蒙脱石montmorillonite大批现场检查mass field surveys伊利石illite组合式combined type云母mica互相作用interaction白云母muscovite稳固性评论stability evaluation黑云母biotite均质性homogeneity石英quartz介质medium长石feldspar层layer, stratum正长石orthoclase组构fabric斜长石plagioclase辉石pyroxene, picrite1 地形地貌geographic and geomorphic角闪石hornblende工程地质条件engineering geological conditions方解石calcite地形地貌条件geographic and geomorphic conditions结构structure地形land form结构texture地貌geomorphology, relief组构fabric(tissue)微地貌microrelief矿物构成mineral composition地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit结晶质crystalline坡度grade非晶质amorphous地形图relief map产状attitude河谷river valley火成岩igneous12岩浆岩magmatic rock粗粒coarse grain火山岩（熔岩） lava中粒medium-grained火山volcano堆积物sediment (deposit)侵入岩intrusive(invade) rock漂石、顽石boulder喷出岩effusive rock卵石cobble深成岩plutonic rock砾石gravel浅成岩pypabysal rock砂sand酸性岩acid rock粉土silt中性岩inter-mediate rock黏土clay基性岩basic rock粘粒clay grain超基性岩ultrabasic rock砂质黏土sandy clay岩基rock base (batholith)粘质砂土clayey sand岩脉（墙）dike壤土、亚黏土loam岩株rock stock砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚黏土sandy loam岩流rock flow浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)岩盖rock laccolith (laccolite)黄土loess岩盆rock lopolith红土laterite岩墙rock dike泥灰peat岩床rock sill软泥ooze岩脉vein dyke淤泥mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay花岗岩granite冲积物（层）alluvion斑岩porphyry冲积的alluvial玢岩porphyrite洪积物（层）proluvium, diluvium, diluvion流纹岩rhyolite洪积的diluvial正长岩syenite坡积物（层）deluvium粗面岩trachyte残积物（层）eluvium闪长岩diorite残积的eluvial安山岩andesite风积物（层）eolian deposits辉长岩gabbro湖积物（层）lake deposits玄武岩basalt海积物（层）marine deposits细晶岩aplite冰川堆积物（层） glacier (drift)deposits伟晶岩pegmatite崩积物（层）colluvial deposits, colluvium煌斑岩lamprophyre残积黏土residual clay辉绿岩diabase变质岩metamorphic rock橄榄岩dunite板岩slate黑曜岩obsidian千枚岩phyllite浮岩pumice片岩schist火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia片麻岩gneiss火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate石英岩quartzite凝灰岩tuff大理岩marble堆积岩sedimentary rock糜棱岩mylonite碎屑岩clastic rock混淆岩migmatite黏土岩clay rock碎裂岩cataclasite粉砂质黏土岩silty claystone化学岩chemical rock 3 地质结构生物岩biolith地质结构geologic structure砾岩conglomerate结构结构structural texture角砾岩breccia大地结构geotectonic砂岩sandstone结构运动tectogenesis石英砂岩quartz sandstone造山运动orogeny粉砂岩siltstone起落运动vertical movement钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone水平运动horizontal movement泥岩mudstone完好性perfection(integrity)页岩shale起伏度waviness盐岩saline尺寸效应size effect石灰岩limestone围压效应confining pressure effect白云岩dolomite产状因素elements of attitude泥灰岩marl产状attitude, orientation泥钙岩argillo-calcareous走向strike泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous偏向dip砂质arenaceous倾角dip angle, angle of dip泥质argillaceous褶皱fold硅质的siliceous褶曲fold有机质organic matter单斜monocline2向斜syncline破裂crumble背斜anticline共轭节理conjugated joint穹隆dome散状loose挤压squeeze透镜状的lens-shaped a.上盘upper section岩石碎片crag下盘bottom wall, footwall, lower wall岩屑cuttings, debris断距separation薄膜membrane, film订交intersect层理stratification断层fault高角度high dip angle正断层normal fault缓倾角low dip angle逆断层reversed fault反倾anti-dip平移断层parallel fault互层interbed v.层理bedding, stratification Interbedding n.微层理light stratification起伏的unplanar地堑graben波状起伏的undulate, undulating地垒horst, fault ridge粒径particle size断层泥gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge结构层tectonosphere擦痕stria, striation挤压compression断裂fracture均一的homogeneous破裂带fracture zone剪切错动面shear faulted, bedding zone节理joint切割dissection节理组joint set切割的dissected裂隙fissure, crack致密close, compact微裂隙fine fissure, microscopic fissure结构岩tectonite劈理cleavage糜棱岩mylonite原生裂隙original joint断层角砾岩fault breccia次生裂隙epigenetic joint方解石脉calcite vein张裂隙tension joint碎块岩clastic rock剪裂隙shear joint角砾breccia卸荷裂隙relief crack岩粉rock powder裂隙率fracture porosity岩屑debris, debry结构种类structural pattern固结consolidation岩体结构rock mass structure定向摆列oriented spread岩块block mass结构应力tectonic stress结构体structural element剩余应力residual stress块度blockness结构面structural plane 4 水文地质条件hydrogeological conditions脆弱结构面weak plane水文循环hydrologic cycle临空面free face大气圈atmosphere碎裂结构cataclastic texture水圈hydrosphere板状结构platy structure岩石圈geosphere薄板状lamellose地表径流surface runoff块状的lumpy, massive地下径流subsurface runoff层状的laminated流域valley, drainage basin巨厚层giant thick-laminated流域面积drainage area, river basin area 薄层状的finely laminated汇水面积catchment area脆弱夹层weak intercalated layer地下水ground water, subsurface water 夹层inter bedding,地表水surface water intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer大气水atmospheric water夹泥层clayey intercalation气态水aqueous (vapour) water夹泥inter-clay液态水liquid water连通性connectivity固态水solid water切层insequent上层滞水perched water影响带affecting zone潜水phreatic water完好性integrity n.承压水confined waterIntegrate v. & a.吸着水hygroscopic (adsorptive) waterdegree of integrality介质medium破裂crumble缝隙void胶结cement孔隙水压力pore water pressure泥化argillization浸透压力osmotic pressure, seepage force 尖灭taper-out扬压力uplift pressure错动diastrophism静水压力hydrostatic pressure错动层面faulted bedding plane外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure断续的intermittent动水压力hydrodynamic pressure3浸透力seepage pressure安全系数factor of safety外水压力external water pressure埋深embedment depth内水压力internal water pressure试件coupons水力联系hydraulic interrelation挠度deflection水力折减系数hydraulic reduction coefficient里氏震级Richter scale水头损失water head loss设计烈度design intensity浸透门路filtration path, seepage path基本烈度basic intensity浸透系数penetration coefficient场所烈度site intensity潜水位water table level地震烈度seismic intensity, intensity scale水位water level, stage level优秀周期predominant period水头water head持力层sustained yield含水层aquifer超载surcharge弱含水层（弱透水层）aquitard围岩压力surrounding rock stress滞水层aquiclude附带压力superimposed stress透水层permeable layer, pervious layer应力废弛stress relaxation不透水层（隔水层）aquifuge, impervious layer,应力路迳stress pathimpermeable layer, aquiclude卸荷unload潜水含水层phreatic aquifer浸透率specific permeability承压含水层confined aquifer, artesian aquifer饱和度degree of saturation承压面bearing surface含水量moisture content潜水面phreatic surface, water table均匀粒径mean diameter浸润线phreatic curve颗粒grain, granule, particle不透水界限impervious boundary颗粒级配distribution of grain-size,地下分水岭groundwater ridge grain composition, size distribution粘滞性viscosity级配graduation,富水性abundance grain-size distribution, gradation, grading透水性（浸透性） permeability粒度coarseness grain size, granularity, lump 淋滤（溶滤作用） lixiviation, leaching不均匀系数coefficient of non-uniformity,反滤层inverted gravel filter variation coefficient, variation factor水锈incrustation颗粒分级gradation, size grading渗滴seep孔隙水pore water饱和saturation, saturated孔隙比void ratio (ration)潜水位变化带zone of variable phreatic level缝隙率air voids气象因素meteorological factor孔隙率porosity饱水带zone of saturation裂隙率crackity包气带aeration zone, zone of aeration溶隙率karstity包气带水aeration zone water密度density上层滞水perched water重度unit weight, bulk weight孔隙水pore water浮重度buoyant unit weight裂隙水fissure water折减系数reduction factor岩溶水karstic water压力消失dissipation of pressure联合水bound water, combined water抗力系数coefficient of resistance吸着水hydroscopic water融化系数softening coefficient薄膜水pellicular water含水量water content毛细水capillary water稠度consistency重力水gravitational water塑限plastic limit凝固水condensation water液限liquid limit地下水埋藏条件 condition of groundwater occurrence塑性指数plasticity index地下水埋藏深度 depth of groundwater occurrence液性指数liquidity index压水试验packer permeability test流变rheological抽水试验pumping test蠕变creep塑性plastic5 物理力学性质脆性brittleness(fragility)物理力学physical mechanics n.粘性sticknessPhysico-mechanicala.刚性rigidity折服准则yield criteria弹性的elastic米赛斯折服准则 Von Mises yield criteria粘弹性viso-elasticity朗肯土压力理论 Ranking’s earth pressure theory弹塑性elasto-plasticity剑桥模型Cambridge model, Cam-model压缩性compressibility邓肯 -张模型Duncan-chang model均质性homogeneity本构方程constitutive equation非均质性nonhomogeneity (heterogeneity)局部剪切损坏local shear failure各向同性isotropy整体剪切损坏general shear failure各向异性anisotropy岩体完好性指数 intactness index of rock mass总应力total stress4有效应力effective stress岩石抗力系数coefficient of rock resistance超孔隙水压力excess pore pressure允许承载力allowable bearing capacity孔隙水压力pore water pressure临塑压力critical pressure抗压强度compressive strength接触压力contact pressure抗拉强度tensile strength抗剪强度shear strength 6 工程地责问题不排水抗剪强度 undrained shear strenght工程地责问题engineering geological problem峰值抗剪强度peak share strength定性评论qualitative estimate长久抗剪强度long-term shear strength定量评论quantitative estimate剩余抗剪强度residual shear strength极限均衡法limit equilibrium method负摩擦力negative skin friction, dragdown不良地质现象unfavorable geological condition摩擦角angle of friction风化weathering内摩擦角angle of internal friction变形deformation外摩擦角angle of external friction位移displacement内聚力cohesion不均匀位移differential movement粘聚力cohesion相对位移relative displacement假凝集力pseudo-cohesion沉陷settlement粘着力adhesion山崩avalanche, toppling摩尔圆Mohr’s circle倒塌toppling, toppling collapse包络线envelope滑坡、地滑creep, slide休止角angle of repose,切层滑坡insequent landslide angle of friction(repose, rest), repose angle深层滑坡deep slide峰值peak浅层滑坡shallow slide模量modulus顺层滑坡consequent landslide弹性模量modulus of elasticity ，滑动面Young ’ s modulus, elastic modulus sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surface压缩模量modulus of compressibility滑动带sliding zone变形模量modulus of deformation滑床slide bed卸荷模量unloading modulus滑坡体slide(sliding) mass切线模量tangent modulus古滑坡fossil landslide剪切模量shear modulus推移式滑坡slumping slide割线模量secant modulus牵引式滑坡retrogressive slide旁压模量pressurmeter modulus管涌piping, internal erosion泊松比poisson ’s ration渗漏leakage固结consolidation流砂quicksand固结系数coefficient of consolidation渗流seepage固结度degree of consolidation液化liquefaction超固结比over consolidation ration应变strain7 工程勘探 engineering investigation压缩比compressibility ratio工程地质勘探engineering geology investigation 压缩系数coefficient of compressibility岩土工程勘探geotechnical investigation压缩指数compression index工程地质条件engineering geological condition 初始曲线virgin curve工程地质评论engineering geological evaluation 正常固结土normally consolidated soil勘察survey欠固结土under-consolidated soil岩芯采纳率 core recovery, core extraction超固结土over-consolidated soil岩芯获取率被动土压力passive earth pressure RQD （岩石质量指标） rock quality designation主动土压力active earth pressure程序（步骤）procedure静止土压力 earth pressure at rest勘探阶段investigational stage覆盖压力overburden pressure选点踏勘reconnaissance初始应力initial stress初步设计primary design地应力场ground(geostatic) stress field初步规划preliminary scheme有效应力effective stress初步勘探preliminary prospecting动应力dynamic stress初步踏勘ground reconnaissance动荷载dynamic load可行性研究阶段feasibility stage偏爱荷载eccentric loads初步设计阶段preliminary stage循环荷载inclined loads施工阶段construction sage地应力ground stress, geostatic stress踏勘reconnaissance, inspection初始应力initial stress地质测绘geological survey应力场stress field工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping 纵波longitudinal wave钻探borehole operation, boring液化势liquefaction potential物探geophysical exploration液化指数liquefaction index洞探exploratory adits交角angular钎探rod sounding5钻杆drill rod 坑探exploring mining槽探trenching天然建材检查natural materials surveying (examination)岩土工程勘探报告geotechnical investigation report判定identification, appraisal判定书expertise report判定人identifier, surveyor校核verification总监chief inspector比率proportion地形图geographic map地貌图geomorphological map地质图geological map工程地质图 engineering geological map 实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile(section)结构地质图 geological structure map第四纪地质图quarternary geological map地质详图detail map of geology地质柱状图 geologic columnar section, geologic log 钻孔柱状图 logs of bore hole纵剖面图longitudinal section横剖面图cross section展现图reveal detail map节理玫瑰图rose of joints基岩等高线bed rock contour层底等高线contour of stratum bottom岩层界限strata boundary岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface坐标coordinate分层bed separation地质点geological observation point勘探点exploratory point (spot)勘探线exploratory line勘探孔exploration hole平洞adit竖井riser, shaft, vertical shaft探槽exploratory trench探井exploratory pit钻孔borehole, drill hole机钻孔ordinary drill hole套钻孔sleeve drill hole管钻孔pipe drill hole岩芯core岩芯钻探core drilling展转钻探（进）rotary drilling冲击钻探churn drilling, percussion drilling钢砂钻探shot drilling铁砂钻进iron shot drilling跟管钻进follow-down drilling振动钻进vibro-boring, vibro-drilling泥浆钻探mud flush drilling金刚石钻进diamond drilling单动式single acting双层double layer空气钻探air flush drilling钻机drilling rig钻头drill bit, drilling bit螺旋钻头auger勺钻spoon bit冲击钻头percussion bit, chopping bit桶式钻头bucket auger6套管casing岩芯管core barrel冲刷掖flush fluid正循环冲刷direct circulation反循环冲刷reverse circulation泥浆mud, slurry泥皮mud cake护壁dado止水seal, water seal扫孔cleaning bottom of hole钻进drilling平硐adit竖井shaft钻探drilling boring8工程地质试验击实试验compaction test压缩试验compression test固结试验consolidation test单轴试验uniaxial compression test现场剪切试验in-situ shear test单剪试验simple shear test直剪试验direct shear test慢剪试验slow test单剪试验simple shear test快剪试验quick test三轴剪切试验triaxial shear test三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test动三轴试验dynamic triaxial test不固结不排水剪试验unconsolidated undrained test(quick test)固结不排水剪试验consolidated undrained test(consolidated quick test)固结排水试验consolidated drained test(slow test)原位测试in-situ test现场监测on-site(in-site) monitoring现场检测on-site (in-site) inspection观察孔observation borehole静力触探试验cone penetration test,static penetration test, static cone test 标贯试验standard penetration test十字板剪切试验vane shear test, vane test检层法up-hole method, borehole method旁压试验pressuremeter test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding 点荷载试验point load test岩石试验rock test应力排除法stress relief method应力恢复法stress recovery method套孔法over-coring method9 岩土体加固breast, driving face,掌子面heading face, tunnel face顶拱vault底拱invert洞室开挖excavation超挖overbreak风钻pneumatic drill开挖断面excavated section塌落slump细骨料混凝土concrete made with fine aggregate 细骨料fine aggregate, fine adjustment67料场stock ground冻结法freezing method土料earth material超载over break矿渣cinder, mineral water residue, scoria, slag衬砌lining性能function, performance, property, nature围堰cofferdam凝固coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation堤dike合格qualified, on test, up to standard近坝岸坡abutments初凝initial set施工（缩短）缝 construction joint初凝时间initial setting time心墙core终凝final set截水墙cutoff wall配合比mix proportion防渗墙diaphragm wall塌落度slump排水井drainage wells水化热heat of hydration,排水幕drainage curtainhydration heat, setting heat减压井relief wells水灰比water-cement ratio反滤层filter zone粉煤灰fly ash灌浆资料grout梅花状quincuncial pattern水力劈裂hydraulic fracturing发射shotcrete帷幔线curtain line浇注pouring上游围堰upstream cofferdam钢筋网coiremesh混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoff wall加固reinforce截流interim completion锚杆anchored bar, rock bolt导水墙channel training wall锚索anchored cable正常溢洪道渠首工程service spillway headwork锚紧端anchor station消力塘lined plunge pool锚桩anchored peg隔墙divider walls采石场rock quarry混凝土护坦concrete apron开挖excavation副厂房auxiliary power house清基cleanup foundation闸门室gate chamber明挖open-cut中闸室mid gate chamber爆破explosion开关站switch yard光面爆破smooth blasting电梯井elevator shaft预裂法presplitting尾沟渠tail race特别溢洪道emergency spillway10水工概论坝址toe of dam11 桥梁及基础工程坝踵heel江阴大桥Jiangyin Bridge坝段monolith悬索桥suspension bridge坝顶crest锚碇anchorage坝肩shoulders重力式嵌岩锚gravity socketed anchorage左坝肩left dam abutment北锚碇前（后）锚面副坝saddle dam front(back) surface of northern anchorage三坝址the third dam site塔墩tower标高height mark墩pier上游水位headwater散索鞍splay saddle正常库水位normal reservoir level猫道footbridge地下洞室underground opening (tunnel)主缆main cable压力隧洞pressure tunnel索股cable strand无压隧洞gravity tunnel主鞍main saddle, tower saddle交通洞access tunnel主跨main span灌浆洞grouting tunnel边跨side span明流洞free-flow tunnel引桥approach孔板洞orifice tunnel钢箱梁steel box main girder排砂洞sediment tunnel埋深embedment depth尾水洞tailrace tunnel北塔墩基础north tower base排水洞drainage tunnel基础foundation, footing导流洞diversion tunnel浅基础shallow foundation地道tunnel深基础deep foundation围岩surrounding rock, ambient rock联合基础combined footing围岩应力secondary stress static筏形基础raft(mat) foundation应力集中stress concentrate钢模steel form覆盖层over burden桩pile冒顶cave in, roof fall基桩foundation pile底鼓bottom heave群桩pile groups回弹rebound桩基础pile foundation岩爆rock burst桩承台pile cap78高桩承台high-rise pile cap12 监测仪器低桩承台buried pile cap观察孔observation bore/hole摩擦桩friction pile仪器观察instrumentation端承桩end bearing pile读数装置readout device嵌岩桩socketed pile传感器transducer板桩sheet pile探头probe旋喷桩jet-grouted pile压力盒pressure cell灌输桩cast-in-place pile振弦式应变计vibrating wire strain gauge沉管灌输桩driven cast-in-place pile伸长计、变位计extension meter支护桩soldier piles, tangent piles板式沉降仪foundation base/pate刚性桩rigid pile测斜仪inclinometer柔性桩flexible pile测压计，渗压计piezometer侧向受荷桩laterally loaded pile垂线plumb轴向受荷桩axially loaded pile垂直度plumbness预制桩precast concrete pile振动打桩vibratory pile driving13 安全监控振动钻进vibratory drilling靠谱性检查reliability checking沉箱caisson监控模型monitoring and prediction model沉井（沉箱）(open) caisson监测monitoring地下连续墙diaphragm wall, slurry wall资料datum, data支撑bracing靠谱性reliability超载surcharge稳固性stability接触应力contact pressure安全safety井点降水well-point dewatering评估evaluation, appraise桩极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of pile评定assessment, assess, rate承载力bearing capacity评论准则criterion阻力resistance灾祸hazard, calamity桩端阻力end resistance确立性方法论Deterministic methodology表面摩擦力skin friction应急行动计划EAP(emergency action plan)粘着系数adhesion factor事故accident负摩擦力negative skin friction紧迫状态emergency安全系数factor of safety紧迫检查emergency inspection压缩层compressed layer灾情等级hazard classification附带应力additional stress, superimposed stress灾祸评论hazard evaluation持力层bearing layer, sustaining layer风险评估risk assessment地基土foundation soil, subsoil临塑压力critical pressure静力（ Static Analysis ）剪切损坏shear failure动力（ Dynamic Analysis ）地基无效foundation failure蠕变（ Creep Material Model ）冲剪损坏punching failure渗流（ Fluid-mechanical Interaction）渐进损坏progressive failure热力学（ Thermal Option ）允许荷载allowable load headward erosion 溯源侵害极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity scouring of levee or bank 淘刷沉降settlement strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar沉降差differential settlement weakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar尾部倾斜angular distortion of continually aftershocks of7 or 8-degree intensity 倾斜tilting坑底隆起bottom heave静止土压力earth pressure at rest稳固数stability number Evidently显然的路堤embankment Correspondingly adv. 相应地 ;有关地 ; 同样地地基办理ground treatment soil improvement the hanging wall of triggering seismic fault垫层cushion oblique~bedding bank slope加固stabilization注浆injection灌浆guniting帷幕curtain挡土墙retaining wall锚固anchoring喷浆guniting锚杆earth anchor盲沟French drain专业外语(为方便记忆 ,跟上边稍有重复 )振冲法vibro jet一．综合类81. geotechnical engineering 岩土工程2. foundation engineering 基础工程3. soil, earth 土4.soil mechanics 土力学cyclic loading 周期荷载 unloading 卸载 reloading 再加载viscoelastic found 粘弹性 地基viscous damping 粘滞阻尼 shear modulus 剪切模量5. soil dynamics 土动力学6.stress path 应力路径二． 土的分类1. residual soil 残积土groundwater level地下水位2. groundwater 地下水groundwatertable 地下水位3. clay minerals 黏土矿物4. secondary minerals 次生矿物5. landslides 滑坡6. bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图7. engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘探8. boulder 漂石9. cobble 卵石10. gravel 砂石11. gravelly sand 砾砂12. coarse sand 粗砂13. medium sand 中砂14. fine sand 细砂15. silty sand 粉土16. clayey soil 粘性土17. clay 黏土18. silty clay 粉质黏土19. silt 粉土20. sandy silt 砂质粉土21. clayey silt 粘质粉土22. saturated soil 饱和土23. unsaturated soil 非饱和土24. fill (soil) 填土三． 土的基本物理力学性质1. c c Compression index2. c u undrained shear strength3. c u /p 0 ratio of undrained strength c u to effectiveoverburden stress p 0(c u /p 0)NC ,(c u /p 0)oc subscripts NC and OC designatednormally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectivelycohesive strength from vane test natural void ratio plasticity indexcoefficientof “ at-rest ” pressure ,for total stresses σ1and σ 28. K 0’do main for effective stresses σ 1σ2’‘and 9. K 0nK 0 for normally consolidated state 10. K 0uK 0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulatinginstantaneous loading or an undrained condition 11.K 0d K 0 coefficient under cyclicloading (frequency less than 1 Hz),as a912. pseudo-dynamic test for K 0 coefficientandk , k vpermeability in horizontalhvertical directions, respectively 13.N blow count ,standard penetrationtest 14. OCR over-consolidation ratio 15. p c preconsolidation pressure ,from 16.oedemeter test effective overburden pressurep17. p s specific cone penetration18. resistance ,from static cone testqunconfined compressive strengthu19. U,U m degree ofconsolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen 20. u ,u b ,u m pore pressure, subscripts b and mdenote bottom of specimen and mean value,21. respectively natural water content, liquid andwwL wp22. plastic limits, respectively‘and σ ’σ ,σ 2principal stresses, σ112denote effective principal stresses四．浸透性和渗流1. Darcy ’ s law 达西定律2. piping 管涌3. flowing soil 流土4. sand boiling 砂沸5. flow net 流网6. seepage 浸透（流）7. leakage 渗流8. seepage (force) pressure 浸透压力9. permeability 浸透性10. hydraulic gradient 水力梯度11.coefficient of permeability 浸透系数五 ．地基应力和变形1. soft soil 软土2. (negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩（负）摩阻力 3. effective stress 有效应力 total stress 总应力 4. field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度5. low activity 低活性6. sensitivity 敏捷度7. triaxial test 三轴试验8. foundation design 基础设计9. recompaction 再压缩10. bearing capacity 承载力11. soil mass 土体12. contact pressure 接触应力13. concentrated load 集中荷载14. a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无穷弹性体15. homogeneous 均质16. isotropic 各向同性17. strip footing 条基18. square spread footing 方形独立基础19. underlying soil (stratum ,strata) 下卧层（土）20. dead load =sustained load 恒载 连续荷载21. live load 活载22. short –term transient load 短期刹时荷载23. long-term transient load 长久荷载24. reduced load 折算荷载25. settlement 沉降 deformation 变形26. casing 套管27. dike=dyke 堤（防）28. clay fraction 粘粒粒组94. c vane5. e 06. I p7. K 01029.physical properties 物理性质10.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile 单桩横向30.subgrade路基极限承载力31.well-graded soil 级配优秀土11.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验32.poorly-graded soil 级配不良土12.vertical allowable load capacity 单桩竖向允许承33.sieve 筛子载力34.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition 摩尔 -库仑损坏13.low pile cap 低桩承台条件14.high-rise pile cap 高桩承台35.FEM=finite element method有限元法15.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单36.limit equilibrium method 极限均衡法桩抗拔极限承载力37.pore water pressure 孔隙水压力16.silent piling 静力压桩38.preconsolidation pressure 先期固结压力17.uplift pile 抗拔桩39.modulus of compressibility压缩模量18.anti-slide pile 抗滑桩40.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数19.pile groups 群桩pression index 压缩指数20.efficiency factor of pile groups 群桩效率系数42.swelling index 回弹指数（η）43.geostatic stress自重应力21.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应44.additional stress 附带应力22.dynamic pile testing 桩基动测技术45.total stress 总应力23.final set 最后贯入度46.final settlement 最后沉降24.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验47.slip line 滑动线25.pile integrity test 桩的完好性试验六．基坑开挖与降水26.pile head=butt 桩头1.excavation 开挖（挖方）27.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）2.dewatering （基坑）降水28.pile spacing 桩距3.failure of foundation 基坑失稳29.pile plan 桩位部署图4.bracing of foundation pit 基坑围护30.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的部署5.bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起31.group action 群桩作用6.retaining wall 挡土墙32.end bearing=tip resistance 桩端阻7.pore-pressure distribution 孔压散布33.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻8.dewatering method 降低地下水位法34.pile cushion 桩垫9.well point system 井点系统（轻型）35.pile driving(by vibration)打桩（振动）10.deep well point 深井点36.pile pulling test 拔桩试验11.vacuum well point 真空井点37.pile shoe 桩靴12.braced cuts 支撑围护38.pile noise 打桩噪音braced excavation 支撑开挖39.pile rig 打桩机braced sheeting 支撑挡板八．地基办理（ ground treatment）七．深基础deep foundation 1.technical code for ground treatment of building建1.pile foundation 桩基础筑地基办理技术规范1)cast –in-place 灌输桩 2.cushion 垫层法注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile 沉管灌 3.preloading 预压法4.dynamic compaction 强夯法bored pile 钻孔桩 5.dynamic compaction replacement 强夯置换法异型灌输桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile 机控 6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile 砂石桩piles set into rock 嵌岩灌输桩pile-stone column 砂石桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩8.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG) 水泥粉煤灰碎石2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础桩drilled-pier foundation 钻孔扩底墩9.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩under-reamed bored pier10.cement column 水泥桩3)precast concrete pile 预制混凝土桩11.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩4)steel pile 钢桩12.jet grouting 高压发射注浆法steel pipe pile 钢管桩13.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法steel sheet pile 钢板桩14.lime-soil compaction pile灰土挤密桩5)prestressed concrete pile 预应力混凝土桩lime-soil compacted column 灰土挤密桩prestressed concrete pipe pile 预应力混凝土lime soil pile 灰土挤密桩管桩15.chemical stabilization化学加固法2.caisson foundation 沉井（箱）16.surface compaction表层压实法3.diaphragm wall 地下连续墙截水墙17.surcharge preloading 超载预压法4.friction pile 摩擦桩vacuum preloading 真空预压法end-bearing pile 端承桩18.sand wick 袋装砂井5.(pile)shaft 桩身19.geofabric ,geotextile 土工织物6.wave equation analysis 颠簸方程剖析posite foundation复合地基7.pile caps 承台（桩帽）21.reinforcement method 加筋法8.bearing capacity of single pile 单桩承载力22.dewatering method 降低地下水固结法teral pile load test 单桩横向载荷试验23.freezing and heating 冷热办理法。
地质专业词汇
岩层岩性lithology，人工堆积artificial accumulation，块石碎石土block and rubble，崩坡积avalanche slope accumulation，坡积slope accumulation，碎石土rubble，残坡积residual slope accumulation，坡洪积diluvial slope accumulation，砂卵砾石sand gravel，冰水堆积outwash accumulation，砂岩夹砾岩夹页岩sandstone interbedded with conglomerate and shale，变质砂岩metamorphic sandstone，硅质板岩siliceous slate，千枚状板岩phyllitic slate，变质砾岩metamorphic conglomerate，砂岩夹砾岩sandstone interbedded with conglomerate，地质构造geological structure，剪裂隙scisson，实测、推测平移断层actual measured and speculative strike-slip fault，实测、推测逆断层actual measured and speculative thrust fault，实测、推测正断层actual measured and speculative normal fault，不同纪系地层分界线formation boundary for different system，实测、推测同纪系地层分界线actual measured and speclative formation boundary for the same system ，岩性相变界线lithofacies change boundary，断层破碎带fractured zone of the fault，地貌及物理地质现象surface feature and geophysical phenomenon，阶地前缘（齿数代表阶地级数）front of the terrace(tooth number for terrace class)，勘探及其他exploration and other！！！。
“工程地质”主要术语(词汇)及用法slope failure,rockfall, ,landslide等
“工程地质”主要术语（词汇）及用法slope failure,rockfall, ,landslide等★landslide area e.g. We cannot be certain whether landslides did or did not occur in the regions outside of the mapped landslide area.★landslide dam★landslide distribution e.g. Empirical studies suggest that the bedrock lithology, slope, seismic intensity, topographical amplification of ground motion, fracture systems in the underlying bedrock, groundwater conditions, and also the distribution of pre existing landslides all have some impact on the landslide distribution, among factors.★landslide hazard modeling e.g. The main objective of landslide hazard modeling is to predict areas prone to landslides either spatially or temporally.★landslide inventories e.g. In order to apply this approach to a global data set, we use multiple landslide inventories to calibrate the model. Using the model formula previously determined (using the Wenchuan earthquake data), we use the four datasets discussed in Section 1.3.1 in our global database to determine the coefficients for the global model.★landslide probability model e.g. The resulting database is used to build a predicative model of the probability of landslide occurrence.★landslide susceptibility★landslide observation e.g. Cells are classified as landslides if any portion of that grid cell contains a landslide observation, in order to easily incorporate binary observations into the logistic regression.★landslides e.g. Substantial effort has been invested to understand where seismically inducedlandslides may occur in the future, as they are a costly and frequently fatal threat in mountainous regions; Performance of the regression model is assessed using statistical goodness-of-fit metrics and a qualitative review to determine which combination of the proxies provides both the optimum predication of landslide-affected areas and minimizes the false alarms in non-landslide zones; Approximately 5% of all earthquake-related fatalities are caused by seismically induced landslides, in some cases causing a majority of non-shaking deaths; Possible case histories of earthquake-triggered landslides to add to the global dataset include….★landslip★limit equilibrium methods★line slope profile★linearly e.g. In order to determine if such an increase in water levels could be the cause of increased down slope movement the bottom head boundary condition of both the Shetran and Flac-tp model was increased linearly by 0 to 4 m over the length of the lower slope and linearly by 4 to 5 m over the length of the upper slope.★low angle failure★lower slope★macroscopic indicators e.g. Unsaturated residual shear strength can also be used as a macroscopic indicator of the nature of micro-structural changes experienced by the soils when subjected to drying.★material parameters★mechanical analysis★mechanical landslide modeling e.g. These data were originally calculated for the purpose of mechanical landslide modeling, and are used here as a statistical constraint on landslide susceptibility.★mechanical parameters★mechanical propertied★mechanical response★mechanical strains★mechanism e.g. The output pore water pressure were coupled to a mechanical analysis using the Flac-tp flow program in an attempt to distinguish the mechanisms active within the slope which were likely to produce the recorded pore water pressure.★medium to low compressibility★mid height★mine tailings dams e.g. This paper reviews these factors, covering the characteristics, types and magnitudes, environmental impacts, and remediation of mine tailings dam failures.★minimal e.g. The brown sand and gravel at depth were also omitted from the model as their effects on the surface failure were assumed to be minimal.★minimum e.g. This conceptual model allowed the deformation of elements within the slope to be kept to a minimum.★moisture content e.g. We use the Compound Topographic Index (CTI) to represent moisture content of the area.★model output★moment inertia★monitoring campaign★movement e.g. At this time the measured displacement showed a sharp up slope movement followed by a steady but increasing down slope movement; …when a sudden down slope movement was measured; the nature of the event was uncertain yet it could be seen that the increase in down slope movement occurred after the water level increase.★movement rates★null hypothesis e.g. We also use the p-values (defined as the probability of finding a test statistic value as great as the observed test statistic value, assuming that the null hypothesis is true) in order to assess the significance of each regression coefficient. In this case, the null hypothesis is that the regression coefficient is equal to zero. We reject the null hypothesis if the p-value is less than the significance value (α) we choose; here, we useα=0.001, corresponding to a 99% confidence level. Therefore if p<α, we reject the null hypothesis, and thereby assume that the regression coefficient is not equal to zero, and equals the computed value (Peng et al., 2002).★numerical studies e.g. Those numerical studies mentioned above successfully validated the usage of supplemental means for the full scale tests and also contributed to develop and optimize new type of rockfall barrier system effectively. However, very little research has been devoted to the more practical analysis of the optimal rockfall barrier system over the various unfavorable impact conditions which can usually happen in actual field conditions.★overlying★parametric study★peak ground acceleration e.g. Estimates of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV) for each event are adapted from the USGS Shakemap Atlas 2.0 (Garcia et al., 2012)★peak ground velocity★peak strengths★peak values of movement★periodic surface erosion★periodic walkover surveys★permeability★perspective e.g. Despite the shortcomings in site data from a modelers' perspective, the situation was typical of current instrumentation practice for a problem slope.★phreatic surface e.g. The slope, however, was observed to remain largely saturated for most of the year with a phreatic surface near or at the surface.★plasticity★plasticity index★pore pressure★pore pressure fluctuations★pore pressure transfer★pore pressure variations★pore water pressure★predictor variables e.g. We begin modeling by assessing qualitative relationships within the data, moving forward by using logistic regression as a statistical method for establishing a functional form between the predictor variables and the outcomes (Figure 3). We iterate over combinations of predictor variables and outcomes within the model, focusing first on one training event (Wenchuan, China), with the ultimate goal of expanding the analysis to global landslide datasets.★preferential drainage paths★previously e.g. As discussed previously,…★probability of landslide occurrence★profile★progressive failure 渐进破坏 e.g. (Abstract of a paper entitled “Progressive Failure of Lined Waste Impoundments”) “Progressive failure can occur along geosynthetic interfaces (土工合成材料界面) in lined waste landfills when peak strengths are greater than residual strengths. A displacement-softening formulation for geosynthetic interfaces was used in finite-elementanalyses of lined waste impoundments to evaluate the significance of progressive failure effects. First, the Kettleman Hills landfill was analyzed, and good agreement was found between the calculated and observed failure heights. Next, parametric analyses of municipal solid waste landfills were performed. Progressive failure was significant in all cases. Limit equilibrium analyses were also performed, and recommendations are provided for incorporating progressive failure effects in limit equilibrium analyses of municipal solid waste landfills”.★range★reference★reference grid point e.g. Due to the different grids of the Flac-tv flow model and the Shetran model there was no reference grid point, for which readings could be taken, at the exact same depth for both models. The closest similar reference points were at 1.91m depth for the Flac-tv flow model and 1.5 m depth for the Shetran model.★reliability e.g. Full scale rockfall tests to assess the reliability of the structure and also to investigate the interactions of the rockfall catchfence subjected to the impacts were carried out by Peila et al.★residual failure surface★residual friction angles★residual shear strength parameters★residual slope failure★residual strengths★restitution coefficient★rigid body mechaics★rock mass★rockfall barrier system e.g. Since the impact response of the rockfall catchfence has complicated phenomena caused by materials elastic and plastic behaviors of each member (i.e. steel post, nets and cables, etc.) and also influenced by various factors; such as impact angle, impact energy, dimension of block, strength of each member, mechanical stiffness of rockfall catchfence, etc., many researchers have devoted efforts to make a more comprehensive understanding of various facets of rockfall barrier system.★rockfall catchfences e.g. For the mitigation measure of rockfall hazards, rockfall catchfences are widely adapted in the potential hazard area to intercept and hold the falling materials.★rockfall hazards e.g. The road has been exposed to high potential rockfall hazards as a result of the fractured columnar natural slope condition with post tectonic joints.★rockfall protection kits★rockfall protection mesh★root cause★root cause of elevated pore pressure★rooting depth★rotational slope failure★saturated soils★seasonal pore pressure conditions★seasonal affects★seasonal fluctuations in embankment pore water pressures★section★shallow angle★shallow slips★shear strength★shear strength parameters e.g. In the second phase of the simulation, the shear strength parameters (c,f) were input into the model.★shortcomings e.g. Despite the shortcomings in site data from a modelers' perspective, the situation was typical of current instrumentation practice for a problem slope.★significantly e.g. These failures were sufficiently shallow that they did not significantly affect the overall stability of the slope.★simulate e.g. Furthermore, a parametric study was conducted on the permeability to get the best fit between recorded and simulated data.★site walkover survey★slightly e.g. There was a drop in water levels with the simulation but this occurred slightly before the recorded drop and the magnitude was approximately half of that recorded. The water levels within the simulation recovered at approximately the same time as the recorded water levels but the water levels peaked at just below the previous high at slightly under 6 m AOD; "This showed that for the latter half of the simulation there was no significant increase in rainfall; there was actually a slight decrease."★slip indicator readings★slip mass e.g. Assuming an average failure depth of 6 m, the total estimated volume of the slipped mass was in excess 18,900m3.★slip movement★slope★slope angle★slope crest★slope failure 边坡破坏★slope geometry★slope material properties e.g. The dynamic interaction between falling blocks and slope of the CRSP is calculated by empirically driven functions incorporating velocity, friction and slope material properties.★slope stability analysis★slope stability assessments e.g. The RS unit is suitable for testing both fully-softened shear strength and residual shear strength parameters that can be used for slope stability assessments of various scenarios.★slope-stability methods★slope toe★slope value e.g. Median, minimum, and maximum slope values calculated from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) elevation data by Verdian et al. (2007) are used in tests of the model.★soft clay★soil bearing capacity e.g. Analysis of slopes, embankments, and soil bearing capacity, on the other hand, requires good estimations of shear strength from peak to residual.★soil slope★soil stiffness e.g. Calculation of foundation settlement, for instance, requires a good estimation of soil stiffness at relatively small strains.★soil water characteristic curve e.g. There was limited information regarding the soil water characteristic curve of the materials.★soil wetness★stability★steep slope e.g. The same was true for the steep slope entering the river.★steep topographic slope e.g. Areas of steep topographic slope are often associated with active faulting and hence, likely areas of strong ground shaking.★stiffness★spatial distribution e.g. The spatial distribution of seismically induced landslides is dependent on certain physical characteristics of the area in which they occur.★study area e.g. The study area is located along route 5 in the boroughs of Fort Lee and Edgewater, Bergen County, NJ where high level of cliff, 10 to 27 m high, exists along the road as shown in Fig.1; The paper discusses a fundamental geology and geomechanics of the study area first and then statistical rockfall analysis using Colorado Rock Fall Simulation Program has been performed to estimate the critical impact condition and the capacity of rockfall barrier system required. Finally, a series of three dimensional dynamic finite element analyes is performed to provide additional verification of the design criterion made by CRSP analysis and to suggest the detailed design parameters to accommodate specific field conditions.★summarize e.g. The realistic and modeled root depth distributions are summarized in Fig.11 and vegetation properties are summarized in Table 3.★surface boundary condition★surface geology★surface irregularity★surface pore water pressure★surface roughness★swell-induced soil movements e.g. The developed correlations, along with the existing models, were then used to predict vertical soil swell movements of four case studies where swell-induced soil movements were monitored.★swell-induced volume changes★tailings e.g. Extraction of the targeted resource results in the concurrent production of a significant volume of waste material, including tailings, which are mixtures of crushed rock and processing fluids from mills, washeries or concentrators that remain after the extraction of economic metals, minerals, mineral fuels or coal; The volume of tailings is normally far in excess of the liberated resource, and the tailings often contain potentially hazardous contaminants; A priority for a reasonable and responsible mining organization must be to proactively isolate the tailings so as to forestall them from entering groundwaters, rivers, lakes and the wind.★tailings dams e.g. It is therefore accepted practice for tailings to be stored in isolated impoundments under water and behind dams.★tension crack of the slip★tension cracks★threshold e.g. For example, if we define 20% probability of a landslide to be the threshold, any probability equal to or greater than 20% will then be defined as a landslide prediction; By evaluating the percentage of true positives and true negatives from a model, we can decide upon the optimum-probability threshold for classification as a landslide prediction; this optimum value is in turn dependent upon the balance between high values of true positives and true negatives with low values of false positives and false negatives.★time interval★top boundary★top of the slope★topographic slope★topographical survey★unit weight data★unsaturated hydrological properties★unsaturated soils e.g. To date, however, there is very limited experimental evidence of unsaturated soil behavior under large deformations, and the corresponding residual shear strength properties, while the soil is being subjected to controlled-suction states.★upper slope★value e.g. Therefore low CTI values result from higher slope values and small drainage areas, whereas high CTI values result from lower slope values and larger drainage areas. Note that this value does not consider wetness contributed from the climate of an area, but is purely dependent on the topographic influence on wetness.★variation★volume change properties★water level e.g. The Shetran simulation showed that there was no reason for such a largewater level drop mid simulation and again no reason for a new higher water table during the latter half of the simulation; the low water levels occurred during the summer months, when evapotranspiration is highest; from the measured results it could be seen that an event took place which resulted in elevated water levels in the upper part of the lower slope; from Fig.16 it can be seen that the water levels below the upper slope increase by almost 4 m and the water levels at the BH105 location increase by just less than 1 m; such an increase corresponds to water levels in the latter period of monitoring.★water level variance★water regime e.g. From these preliminary analyses it could be seen that the water regime within the slope was governed by more than the surface processes investigated; therefore, a fully coupled hydromechanical model of the slope was run to see if any light could be shed on the pore water pressure regime.★water table e.g. The report stated that this water table rise occurred as a result of heavy rainfall.。
出露的英文地质专业词汇
出露的英文地质专业词汇
以下是一些与地质学相关的英文专业词汇：
1. Geological formation - 地质层序
2. Stratigraphy - 地层学
3. Lithology - 岩石学
4. Sedimentology - 沉积学
5. Structural geology - 构造地质学
6. Petrology - 岩石学
7. Mineralogy - 矿物学
8. Paleontology - 古生物学
9. Geomorphology - 地貌学
10. Geochronology - 地质年代学
11. Geophysics - 地球物理学
12. Hydrogeology - 水文地质学
13. Geochemistry - 地球化学
14. Volcanology - 火山学
15. Tectonics - 构造学
16. Geologic hazards - 地质灾害
17. Geologic mapping - 地质制图
18. Geological survey - 地质勘测
19. Geothermal energy - 地热能源
20. Geological engineering - 地质工程学
这些词汇涵盖了地质学的不同分支和领域。
在地质学研究和交流中，使用这些专业词汇可以更准确地描述和讨论地质现象、过程和特征。
(完整版)地质工程专业常用英文词汇
1论述引入相应的观点概论概率观点化宏观的增补规划证明证明赔偿算法鉴别式有限元方法样本单元法赤平投影法赤平投影扰乱位移法扰乱能量法条分法极限均衡法界面元法摹拟计算程序数值剖析计算工作量解的独一性多层结构模型非线性横观各向同性各向同性各向异性非均质性界限条件本构方程初始条件初始状态岩土工程土木匠程基础工程最不利滑面交替控制论大批现场检查组合式互相作用稳固性评论均质性介质层组构1 地形地貌工程地质条件地形地貌条件地形地貌微地貌地貌单元坡度地形图河谷expound(explain), stateintroduce intocorrespondingconceptionoverviewprobabilityconceptualizemacroscopiccomplementplandemonstrate, certify, attestconfirmationcompensate, make up, imbursealgorithmdiscriminantfinite element method(FEM)sample element method(SEM)stereographic projection method(SPM)stereographic projectioninterference displacement method(IDM)interference energy method(IEM)method of sliceslimit equilibrium methodboundary element methodsimulatecomputer programnumerical analysiscalculation loaduniqueness of solutionlaminated modelnonlinearlateral isotropyisotropyanisotropyheterogeneityboundary conditionconstitutive equationinitial conditionrest conditiongeotechnical engineering,civil engineeringfoundation engineeringthe most dangerous slip surfacealternatecyberneticsmass field surveyscombined typeinteractionstability evaluationhomogeneitymediumlayer, stratumfabricgeographic and geomorphicengineering geological conditionsgeographic and geomorphic conditionsland formrelieflandform unit, geomorphic unitgraderelief mapriver valley河流河床冲沟河漫滩阶地冲积平原三角洲古河流冲积扇洪积扇坡积裙分水岭盆地岩溶地貌溶洞落水洞土洞2 地层岩性地层岩性岩体岩层岩层母岩相变硬质岩软质岩硬质的软质的基岩岩组覆盖层交织层理层面片理层理板理(叶理)波痕泥痕雨痕造岩矿物黏土矿物高岭土蒙脱石伊利石云母白云母黑云母石英长石正长石斜长石辉石角闪石方解石结构结构组构矿物构成结晶质非晶质产状火成岩river courseriver bed(channel)gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)floodplain(valley flat)terracealluvial plaindeltafossil river course, fossil stream channelalluvial fandiluvial fantalus aprondividebasinkarst land feature, karst landformsolution cave, karst cavesinkholeKarstic earth cavegeostrome (stratum, strata)lithologic character, rock propertyrock massbed stratumlayer, rock stratummatrix, parent rockfacies changestrong rock, filmweak rockcompetentincompetentbedrockpetrofabricoverburdencross beddingbedding planeschistositybeddingfoliationripple-markmud crackraindrop imprintsrock-forming mineralsclay mineralkaolinitemontmorilloniteillitemicamuscovitebiotitequartzfeldsparorthoclaseplagioclasepyroxene, picritehornblendecalcitestructuretexturefabric(tissue)mineral compositioncrystallineamorphousattitudeigneousgeomorphology,microrelief2岩浆岩火山岩(熔岩) 火山侵入岩喷出岩深成岩浅成岩酸性岩中性岩基性岩超基性岩岩基岩脉(墙)岩株岩流岩盖岩盆岩墙岩床岩脉花岗岩斑岩玢岩流纹岩正长岩粗面岩闪长岩安山岩辉长岩玄武岩细晶岩伟晶岩煌斑岩辉绿岩橄榄岩黑曜岩浮岩火山角砾岩火山集块岩凝灰岩堆积岩碎屑岩黏土岩粉砂质黏土岩化学岩生物岩砾岩角砾岩砂岩石英砂岩粉砂岩钙质粉砂岩泥岩页岩盐岩石灰岩白云岩泥灰岩泥钙岩泥砂岩砂质泥质硅质的有机质magmatic rocklavavolcanointrusive(invade) rockeffusive rockplutonic rockpypabysal rockacid rockinter-mediate rockbasic rockultrabasic rockrock base (batholith)dikerock stockrock flowrock laccolith (laccolite)rock lopolithrock dikerock sillvein dykegraniteporphyryporphyriterhyolitesyenitetrachytedioriteandesitegabbrobasaltaplitepegmatitelamprophyrediabaseduniteobsidianpumicevulcanic brecciavolcanic agglomeratetuffrocksilty claystonechemical rockbiolithconglomeratebrecciasandstonequartz sandstonesiltstonecalcareous siltstonemudstoneshalesalinelimestonedolomitemarlargillo-calcareousargillo-arenaceousarenaceousargillaceoussiliceousorganic matter粗粒中粒堆积物漂石、顽石卵石砾石砂粉土黏土粘粒砂质黏土粘质砂土壤土、亚黏土coarse grainmedium-grainedsediment (deposit)bouldercobblegravelsandsiltclayclay grainsandy clayclayey sandloam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚黏土sandy loam浮土、表土黄土红土泥灰软泥淤泥冲积物(层)冲积的洪积物(层)洪积的坡积物(层)残积物(层)残积的regolith (topsoil)loesslateritepeatoozemire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clayalluvionalluvialproluvium, diluvium, diluviondiluvialdeluviumeluviumeluvial风积物(层)湖积物(层)海积物(层)冰川堆积物(层)崩积物(层)残积黏土变质岩板岩千枚岩片岩片麻岩石英岩大理岩糜棱岩混淆岩碎裂岩3 地质结构地质结构结构结构大地结构结构运动造山运动起落运动水平运动完好性起伏度尺寸效应围压效应产状因素产状走向偏向倾角褶皱褶曲单斜eolian depositslake depositsmarine depositsglacier (drift)depositscolluvial deposits, colluviumresidual claymetamorphic rockslatephylliteschistgneissquartzitemarblemylonitemigmatitecataclasitegeologic structurestructural texturegeotectonictectogenesisorogenyvertical movementhorizontal movementperfection(integrity)wavinesssize effectconfining pressure effectelements of attitudeattitude, orientationstrikedipdip angle, angle of dipfoldfoldmonoclinesedimentaryclastic rockclay rock3向斜背斜穹隆挤压上盘下盘断距订交断层正断层逆断层平移断层层理微层理地堑地垒断层泥擦痕断裂破裂带节理节理组裂隙微裂隙劈理原生裂隙次生裂隙张裂隙剪裂隙卸荷裂隙裂隙率结构种类岩体结构岩块结构体块度结构面脆弱结构面临空面碎裂结构板状结构薄板状块状的层状的巨厚层薄层状的脆弱夹层夹层夹泥层夹泥连通性切层影响带完好性破裂胶结泥化尖灭错动错动层面断续的破裂共轭节理散状透镜状的岩石碎片岩屑薄膜层理高角度缓倾角反倾互层起伏的波状起伏的粒径结构层挤压均一的剪切错动面切割切割的致密结构岩糜棱岩断层角砾岩方解石脉碎块岩角砾岩粉岩屑固结定向摆列结构应力剩余应力4 水文地质条件水文循环大气圈水圈岩石圈地表径流地下径流流域流域面积汇水面积地下水地表水大气水气态水液态水固态水上层滞水潜水承压水吸着水介质缝隙孔隙水压力浸透压力扬压力静水压力外静水压力动水压力crumbleconjugated jointlooselens-shaped a.cragcuttings, debrismembrane, filmstratificationhigh dip anglelow dip angleanti-dipinterbed v.Interbedding n.unplanarundulate, undulatingparticle sizetectonospherecompressionhomogeneousshear faulted, bedding zonedissectiondissectedclose, compacttectonitemylonitefault brecciacalcite veinclastic rockbrecciarock powderdebris, debryconsolidationoriented spreadtectonic stressresidual stresshydrogeological conditionshydrologic cycleatmospherehydrospheregeospheresurface runoffsubsurface runoffvalley, drainage basindrainage area, river basin areacatchment areaground water, subsurface watersurface wateratmospheric wateraqueous (vapour) waterliquid watersolid waterperched waterphreatic waterconfined waterhygroscopic (adsorptive) watermediumvoidpore water pressureosmotic pressure, seepage forceuplift pressurehydrostatic pressureexternal hydrostatic pressurehydrodynamic pressure nsynclineanticlinedomesqueezeupper sectionbottom wall, footwall, lower wallseparationintersectfaultnormal faultreversed faultparallel faultbedding, stratificationlight stratificationgrabenhorst, fault ridgegouge, pug, selvage, fault gougestria, striationfracturefracture zonejointjoint setfissure, crackfine fissure, microscopic fissurecleavageoriginal jointepigenetic jointtension jointshear jointrelief crackfracture porositystructural patternrock mass structureblock massstructural elementblocknessstructural planeweak planefree facecataclastic textureplaty structurelamelloselumpy, massivelaminatedgiant thick-laminatedfinely laminatedweak intercalated layerinter bedding,degree of integralitycrumblecementargillizationtaper-outdiastrophismfaulted bedding planeintermittentclayey intercalationinter-clayconnectivityinsequentaffecting zoneintercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layerintegrity Integrate.v. & a.4浸透力外水压力内水压力水力联系水力折减系数水头损失浸透门路浸透系数潜水位水位水头含水层seepage pressureexternal water pressure internal water pressure hydraulic interrelation hydraulic reduction coefficient water head lossfiltration path, seepage path penetration coefficientwater table levelwater level, stage levelwater headaquifer弱含水层(弱透水层) aquitardaquicludepermeable layer, pervious layer不透水层(隔水层) aquifuge, impervious layer,潜水含水层承压含水层承压面潜水面浸润线不透水界限地下分水岭粘滞性富水性透水性(浸透性) 淋滤(溶滤作用) 反滤层水锈渗滴饱和潜水位变化带气象因素饱水带包气带包气带水上层滞水孔隙水裂隙水岩溶水联合水吸着水薄膜水毛细水重力水凝固水地下水埋藏条件地下水埋藏深度压水试验抽水试验impermeable layer, aquiclude phreatic aquiferconfined aquifer, artesian aquifer bearing surfacephreatic surface, water table phreatic curveimpervious boundarygroundwater ridgeviscosityabundancepermeabilitylixiviation, leachinginverted gravel filterincrustationseepsaturation, saturatedzone of variable phreatic level meteorological factorzone of saturationaeration zone, zone of aeration aeration zone waterperched waterpore waterfissure waterkarstic waterbound water, combined water hydroscopic waterpellicular watercapillary watergravitational watercondensation watercondition of groundwater occurrence depth of groundwater occurrence packer permeability testpumping test5 物理力学性质物理力学physical mechanics n.Physico-mechanicala.折服准则米赛斯折服准则朗肯土压力理论剑桥模型yield criteriaVon Mises yield criteria Ranking’s earth pressure theory Cambridge model, Cam-model邓肯-张模型本构方程局部剪切损坏整体剪切损坏Duncan-chang model constitutive equationlocal shear failuregeneral shear failure岩体完好性指数intactness index of rock mass 安全系数埋深试件挠度里氏震级设计烈度基本烈度场所烈度地震烈度优秀周期持力层超载围岩压力附带压力应力废弛应力路迳卸荷浸透率饱和度含水量均匀粒径颗粒颗粒级配级配粒度factor of safetyembedment depthcouponsdeflectionRichter scaledesign intensitybasic intensitysite intensityseismic intensity, intensity scalepredominant periodsustained yieldsurchargesurrounding rock stresssuperimposed stressstress relaxationstress pathunloadspecific permeabilitydegree of saturationmoisture contentmean diametergrain, granule, particledistribution of grain-size,grain composition, size distributiongraduation,grain-size distribution, gradation, gradingcoarseness grain size, granularity, lump 不均匀系数coefficient of non-uniformity,variation coefficient, variation factorgradation, size gradingpore watervoid ratio (ration)air voidsporositycrackitykarstitydensityunit weight, bulk weightbuoyant unit weightreduction factordissipation of pressurecoefficient of resistancesoftening coefficientwater contentconsistencyplastic limitliquid limitplasticity indexliquidity indexrheologicalcreepplasticbrittleness(fragility)sticknessrigidityelasticviso-elasticityelasto-plasticitycompressibilityhomogeneitynonhomogeneity (heterogeneity)isotropyanisotropytotal stress颗粒分级孔隙水孔隙比缝隙率孔隙率裂隙率溶隙率密度重度浮重度折减系数压力消失抗力系数融化系数含水量稠度塑限液限塑性指数液性指数流变蠕变塑性脆性粘性刚性弹性的粘弹性弹塑性压缩性均质性非均质性各向同性各向异性总应力滞水层透水层5有效应力超孔隙水压力孔隙水压力抗压强度抗拉强度抗剪强度不排水抗剪强度峰值抗剪强度长久抗剪强度剩余抗剪强度负磨擦力磨擦角内磨擦角外磨擦角effective stressexcess pore pressurepore water pressurecompressive strengthtensile strengthshear strengthundrained shear strenghtpeak share strengthlong-term shear strengthresidual shear strengthnegative skin friction, dragdown angle of frictionangle of internal frictionangle of external friction内聚力粘聚力假凝集力粘着力摩尔圆包络线住手角峰值模量弹性模量压缩模量变形模量卸荷模量切线模量剪切模量割线模量旁压模量泊松比固结固结系数固结度超固结比应变压缩比压缩系数压缩指数初始曲线正常固结土欠固结土超固结土被动土压力主动土压力静止土压力覆盖压力初始应力地应力场有效应力动应力动荷载偏爱荷载循环荷载地应力初始应力应力场纵波液化势液化指数交角cohesioncohesionpseudo-cohesionadhesionMohr’s circleenvelopeangle of repose,angle of friction(repose, rest), repose anglepeakmodulusmodulus of elasticity ，Young ’ s modulus, elastic modulusmodulus of compressibilitymodulus of deformationunloading modulustangent modulusshear modulussecant moduluspressurmeter moduluspoisson ’s rationconsolidationcoefficient of consolidationdegree of consolidationover consolidation rationstraincompressibility ratiocoefficient of compressibilitycompression indexvirgin curvenormally consolidated soilunder-consolidated soilover-consolidated soilpassive earth pressureactive earth pressureearth pressure at restoverburden pressureinitial stressground(geostatic) stress fieldeffective stressdynamic stressdynamic loadeccentric loadsinclined loadsground stress, geostatic stressinitial stressstress fieldlongitudinal waveliquefaction potentialliquefaction indexangular岩石抗力系数允许承载力临塑压力接触压力coefficient of rock resistanceallowable bearing capacitycritical pressurecontact pressure6 工程地责问题工程地责问题定性评论定量评论极限均衡法不良地质现象风化变形位移engineering geological problemqualitative estimatequantitative estimatelimit equilibrium methodunfavorable geological conditionweatheringdeformationdisplacement不均匀位移相对位移沉陷山崩崩塌滑坡、地滑切层滑坡深层滑坡浅层滑坡顺层滑坡滑动面differential movementrelative displacementsettlementavalanche, topplingtoppling, toppling collapsecreep, slideinsequent landslidedeep slideshallow slideconsequent landslide滑动带滑床滑坡体古滑坡sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surfacesliding zoneslide bedslide(sliding) massfossil landslide推移式滑坡牵引式滑坡管涌渗漏流砂渗流液化7 工程勘探slumping slideretrogressive slidepiping, internal erosionleakagequicksandseepageliquefactionengineering investigation工程地质勘探engineering geology investigation岩土工程勘探geotechnical investigation工程地质条件engineering geological condition工程地质评论engineering geological evaluation勘察survey岩芯采用率core recovery, core extraction岩芯获取率RQD (岩石质量指标) rock quality designation程序(步骤)勘探阶段选点踏勘初步设计初步规划初步勘探初步踏勘可行性研究阶段初步设计阶段施工阶段踏勘地质测绘工程地质测绘钻探物探洞探钎探procedureinvestigational stagereconnaissanceprimary designpreliminary schemepreliminary prospectingground reconnaissancefeasibility stagepreliminary stageconstruction sagereconnaissance, inspectiongeological surveyengineering geological mappingborehole operation, boringgeophysical explorationexploratory aditsrod sounding钻杆drill rod坑探槽探天然建材检查exploring miningtrenchingnatural materials surveying (examination)岩土工程勘探报告geotechnical investigation report 判定identification, appraisal判定书判定人校核总监比率地形图地貌图地质图expertise report identifier, surveyorverificationchief inspectorproportion geographic map geomorphological map geological map工程地质图engineering geological map 实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile(section)结构地质图geological structure map第四纪地质图地质详图quarternary geological map detail map of geology地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log 钻孔柱状图logs of bore hole纵剖面图横剖面图展现图节理玫瑰图基岩等高线层底等高线岩层界限岩面高程坐标分层地质点勘探点勘探线勘探孔平洞竖井探槽探井钻孔机钻孔套钻孔管钻孔岩芯岩芯钻探展转钻探(进) 冲击钻探钢砂钻探铁砂钻进跟管钻进振动钻进泥浆钻探金刚石钻进单动式双层空气钻探钻机钻头螺旋钻头勺钻longitudinal sectioncross sectionreveal detail maprose of jointsbed rock contourcontour of stratum bottomstrata boundaryelevation of bed rock surfacecoordinatebed separationgeological observation point exploratory point (spot)exploratory lineexploration holeaditriser, shaft, vertical shaftexploratory trenchexploratory pitborehole, drill holeordinary drill holesleeve drill holepipe drill holecorecore drillingrotary drillingchurn drilling, percussion drillingshot drillingiron shot drillingfollow-down drillingvibro-boring, vibro-drillingmud flush drillingdiamond drillingsingle actingdouble layerair flush drillingdrilling rigdrill bit, drilling bitaugerspoon bit套管岩芯管冲刷掖正循环冲刷反循环冲刷泥浆泥皮护壁止水扫孔钻进平硐竖井钻探casingcore barrelflush fluiddirect circulation reverse circulationmud, slurrymud cakedadoseal, water sealcleaning bottom of hole drillingaditshaftdrilling boring8 工程地质试验击实试验压缩试验固结试验单轴试验现场剪切试验单剪试验直剪试验慢剪试验单剪试验快剪试验三轴剪切试验三轴压缩试验动三轴试验compaction testcompression testconsolidation test uniaxial compression test in-situ shear testsimple shear testdirect shear testslow testsimple shear testquick testtriaxial shear test triaxial compression test dynamic triaxial test不固结不排水剪试验unconsolidated undrained test(quick test)6固结不排水剪试验consolidated undrained test(consolidated quick test)固结排水试验原位测试现场监测现场检测观察孔静力触探试验标贯试验consolidated drained test(slow test)in-situ teston-site(in-site) monitoringon-site (in-site) inspectionobservation boreholecone penetration test,static penetration test, static cone teststandard penetration test十字板剪切试验vane shear test, vane test检层法up-hole method, borehole method旁压试验pressuremeter test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding 点荷载试验岩石试验应力排除法应力恢复法套孔法9 岩土体加固掌子面顶拱底拱洞室开挖超挖风钻开挖断面塌落细骨料混凝土细骨料point load testrock teststress relief methodstress recovery methodover-coring methodbreast, driving face,heading face, tunnel facevaultinvertexcavationoverbreakpneumatic drillexcavated sectionslumpconcrete made with fine aggregatefine aggregate, fine adjustment 6料场土料矿渣性能stock groundearth materialcinder, mineral water residue, scoria, slag function, performance, property, nature凝固coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation合格初凝初凝时间终凝配合比塌落度水化热水灰比粉煤灰梅花状发射浇注钢筋网加固锚杆锚索锚紧端锚桩采石场开挖清基明挖爆破光面爆破预裂法10 水工概论坝址坝踵坝段坝顶坝肩左坝肩副坝三坝址标高上游水位正常库水位地下洞室压力隧洞无压隧洞交通洞灌浆洞明流洞孔板洞排砂洞尾水洞排水洞导流洞地道围岩围岩应力应力集中覆盖层冒顶底鼓回弹岩爆qualified, on test, up to standardinitial setinitial setting timefinal setmix proportionslumpheat of hydration,hydration heat, setting heatwater-cement ratiofly ashquincuncial patternshotcretepouringcoiremeshreinforceanchored bar, rock boltanchored cableanchor stationanchored pegquarryexcavationcleanup foundationopen-cutexplosionsmooth blastingpresplittingtoe of damheelmonolithcrestshouldersleft dam abutmentsaddle damthe third dam siteheight markheadwaternormal reservoir levelunderground opening (tunnel)pressure tunnelgravity tunnelaccess tunnelgrouting tunnelfree-flow tunnelorifice tunnelsediment tunneltailrace tunneldrainage tunneldiversion tunneltunnelsurrounding rock, ambient rocksecondary stress staticstress concentrateover burdencave in, roof fallbottom heavereboundrock burst冻结法超载衬砌围堰堤近坝岸坡施工(缩短)缝心墙freezing methodover breakliningcofferdamdikeabutmentsconstruction jointcore截水墙防渗墙排水井排水幕减压井反滤层灌浆资料水力劈裂帷幔线上游围堰混凝土防渗墙截流导水墙cutoff walldiaphragm walldrainage wellsdrainage curtainrelief wellsfilter zonegrouthydraulic fracturingcurtain lineupstream cofferdamconcrete cutoff wallinterim completionchannel training wall正常溢洪道渠首工程service spillway headwork消力塘隔墙混凝土护坦副厂房闸门室中闸室开关站电梯井尾沟渠特殊溢洪道lined plunge pooldivider wallsconcrete apronauxiliary powergate chambermid gate chamberswitch yardelevator shafttail raceemergency spillway11 桥梁及基础工程江阴大桥悬索桥锚碇重力式嵌岩锚Jiangyin Bridgesuspension bridgeanchoragegravity socketed anchorage北锚碇前(后)锚面front(back) surface of northern anchorage塔墩墩散索鞍猫道主缆索股主鞍主跨边跨引桥钢箱梁埋深北塔墩基础基础浅基础深基础联合基础筏形基础钢模桩基桩群桩桩基础桩承台towerpiersplay saddlefootbridgemain cablecable strandmain saddle, tower saddlemain spanside spanapproachsteel box main girderembedment depthnorth tower basefoundation, footingshallow foundationdeep foundationcombined footingraft(mat) foundationsteel formpilefoundation pilepile groupsfoundationpile caphouserockpile高桩承台低桩承台磨擦桩端承桩嵌岩桩板桩旋喷桩灌输桩沉管灌输桩支护桩刚性桩柔性桩侧向受荷桩轴向受荷桩预制桩振动打桩振动钻进沉箱沉井(沉箱) 地下连续墙支撑超载接触应力井点降水桩极限承载力承载力阻力桩端阻力表面磨擦力粘着系数负磨擦力安全系数压缩层附带应力持力层地基土临塑压力剪切损坏地基无效冲剪损坏渐进损坏允许荷载极限承载力沉降沉降差尾部倾斜倾斜坑底隆起静止土压力稳固数路堤地基办理垫层加固注浆灌浆帷幕挡土墙锚固喷浆锚杆盲沟振冲法high-rise pile capburied pile capfriction pileend bearing pilesocketed pilesheet pilejet-grouted pilecast-in-place piledriven cast-in-place pilesoldier piles, tangent pilesrigid pileflexible pilelaterally loaded pileaxially loaded pileprecast concrete pilevibratory pile drivingvibratory drillingcaisson(open) caissondiaphragm wall, slurry wallbracingsurchargecontact pressurewell-point dewateringultimate bearing capacity of pilebearing capacityresistanceend resistanceskin frictionadhesion factornegative skin frictionfactor of safetycompressed layeradditional stress, superimposed stressbearing layer, sustaining layerfoundation soil, subsoilcritical pressureshear failurefoundation failurepunching failureprogressive failureallowable loadultimate bearing capacitysettlementdifferential settlementangular distortiontiltingbottom heaveearth pressure at reststability numberembankmentground treatment soil improvementcushionstabilizationinjectiongunitingcurtainretaining wallanchoringgunitingearth anchorFrench drainvibro jet12 监测仪器观察孔仪器观察读数装置传感器探头压力盒振弦式应变计伸长计、变位计板式沉降仪测斜仪测压计，渗压计垂线垂直度13 安全监控靠谱性检查监控模型监测资料靠谱性稳固性安全评估评定评论准则灾祸确立性方法论应急行动计划事故紧迫状态紧迫检查灾情等级灾祸评论风险评估observation bore/holeinstrumentationreadout devicetransducerprobepressure cellvibrating wire strain gaugeextension meterfoundation base/pateinclinometerpiezometerplumbplumbnessreliability checkingmonitoring and prediction modelmonitoringdatum, datareliabilitystabilitysafetyevaluation, appraiseassessment, assess, ratecriterionhazard, calamityDeterministic methodologyEAP(emergency action plan)accidentemergencyemergency inspectionhazard classificationhazard evaluationrisk assessment静力( Static Analysis )动力( Dynamic Analysis )蠕变( Creep Material Model )渗流( Fluid-mechanical Interaction )热力学( Thermal Option )headward erosion 溯源侵害scouring of levee or bank 淘刷strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellarweakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellarof continually aftershocks of 7 or 8-degree intensityEvidently 显然的Correspondingly adv. 相应地; 有关地; 同样地the hanging wall of triggering seismic faultoblique~bedding bank slope专业外语(为方便记忆,跟上边稍有重复)一．综合类91. geotechnical engineering 岩土工程2. foundation engineering 基础工程3. soil, earth 土4. soil mechanics 土力学cyclic loading 周期荷载 unloading 卸载 reloading 再加载viscoelastic found 粘弹性地基viscous damping 粘滞阻尼 shear modulus 剪切模量5. soil dynamics 土动力学6. stress path 应力路径二． 土的分类1. residual soil 残积土 groundwater level地下水位2. groundwater 地下水groundwatertable 地下水位3. clay minerals 黏土矿物4. secondary minerals 次生矿物5. landslides 滑坡6. bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图7. engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘探 8. boulder 漂石 9. cobble 卵石 10. gravel 砂石11. gravelly sand 砾砂 12. coarse sand 粗砂 13. medium sand 中砂 14. fine sand 细砂 15. silty sand 粉土 16. clayey soil 粘性土 17. clay 黏土18. silty clay 粉质黏土 19. silt 粉土20. sandy silt 砂质粉土 21. clayey silt 粘质粉土 22. saturated soil 饱和土23. unsaturated soil 非饱和土24. fill (soil) 填土三． 土的基本物理力学性质1. c c Compression index2. c u undrained shear strength3. c u /p 0 ratio of undrained strength c u to effectiveoverburden stress p 0(c u /p 0)NC ,(c u /p 0)oc subscripts NC and OC designatednormally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4. c vane cohesive strength from vane test5. e 0 natural void ratio plasticity index6. Ip7. K 0 coefficient“ at-rest ” pressure ,for total stresses σ 1and σ 28. K 0 ’ do main for effective stresses σ 1‘an 2 ’9. K 0n K 0 for normally consolidatedstate10. K 0u K 0 coefficient under rapidcontinuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11. K 0d K 0 coefficient under cyclicloading (frequency less than 1 Hz),as a1. soft soil 软土2. (negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩(负)摩阻力3. effective stress 有效应力 total stress 总应力4. field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度5. low activity 低活性6. sensitivity 敏捷度7. triaxial test 三轴试验8. foundation design 基础设计 9. recompaction 再压缩 10. bearing capacity 承载力 11. soil mass 土体12. contact pressure 接触应力 13. concentrated load 集中荷载14. a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无穷弹性体 15. homogeneous 均质 16. isotropic 各向同性 17o.f strip footing 条基18. square spread footing 方形独立基础19. underlying soil (stratum ,strata) 下卧层(土) 20. dead load =sustained load 恒载 连续荷载 21. live load 活载22. short –term transient load 短期刹时荷载 23. long-term transient load 长久荷载 24. reduced load 折算荷载25. settlement 沉降 deformation 变形 26. casing 套管27. dike=dyke 堤(防) 28. clay fraction 粘粒粒组四． 浸透性和渗流1. Darcy ’ s law 达西定律2. piping 管涌3. flowing soil 流土4. sand boiling 砂沸5. flow net 流网6. seepage 浸透(流)7. leakage 渗流8. seepage (force) pressure 浸透压力 9. permeability 浸透性10. hydraulic gradient 水力梯度11. coefficient of permeability 浸透系数u h19. U,U m degree ofconsolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20. u ,u b ,u m pore pressure, subscripts b and mdenote bottom of specimen and mean value, 21. respectively natural water content, liquid and13. N blow count ,standard penetrationtest14. OCR over-consolidation ratio15. p c preconsolidation pressure ,from 16. oedemeter test effective overburden pressure17. p s specific cone penetration 18. resistance ,from static cone testq unconfined compressive strengt0 L p22. plastic limits, respectively ‘and σ ’pseudo-dynamic test for K 0 coefficientk k permeability in horizontalσ ,σ principal stresses, σ1 2 1 2denote effective principal stressesh , vvertical directions, respectively五．地基应力和变形w w wand12.p。
工程地质专业词汇英译汉
Absolute Dating绝对年龄测定accumulational terrace 堆积阶地Acidic igneous rocks 酸性岩active fault 活性断层Age 期allowable bearing capacity容许承载力alluvial flat 河漫滩Alluvial soil 冲击土aluminium silicate 硅酸铝Amphibole 闪石amygdaloidal structure 杏仁状构造anchoring bar (pin, rod) 锚筋（钉，杆）Andesite 安山岩angular unconformity 角度不整合Anhydrite 硬石膏anion 阴离子Anisotropic 各向异性的anorthite 钙长石Anticline 背斜anti-sliding pile 抗滑桩Apatite 磷灰石apparent dip 视倾角Aquifer 含水层artesian spring 自流泉Artesian well 自流井artificial earthquake 人工地震artificial foundation 人工地基asymmetric fold 不对称褶皱attrition 磨损augite 普通辉石Axial plane 轴平面axial strain 轴向应变axial surface 轴面Axis 轴线Basalt 玄武岩Basic igneous rocks 基性岩Batholiths 岩基Bed 岩层Bedded 成层的Bedding planes 层面Bedding 层理Bicarbonate 重碳酸盐Biochemical Rock 生物化学岩biological weathering 生物风化Biotite 黑云母blind drain 盲沟blow count 击数bore histogram钻孔柱状图Boulders 块石，漂砾Bound water, combined water, held water 结合水Breccias 角砾岩Brecciation角砾岩化Calcite 方解石calcium carbonate 碳酸钙Capillary pressure 毛细压力Capillary water 毛细水carbon dioxide 二氧化碳carbonate 碳酸盐carbonation 碳酸化作用carbonic acid 碳酸cataclasis 碎裂作用Catch drain 集水沟cation 阳离子cementation胶结作用Cenozoic新生代channel cross section河槽横断面Chemical rock 化学岩chemical weathering 化学风化chloride 氯化物Chlorite 绿泥石classification 分类Clastic Rock 碎屑岩Clay mineral 粘土矿物Clay粘土Cleavage 解理Cleavage 解理Clint 石芽Cobbles 粗砾coefficient of consolidation 压缩系数Coefficient of Curvature,曲率系数Coefficient of sub-grade reaction 基床反力系数Coefficient of Uniformity 不均匀系数coefficients of expansion 膨胀系数Collapse 崩塌Colloid 胶体compactionness 密实度component 成分composite fold 复合褶皱compound 化合物Comprehensive treatment综合治理compressibility 压缩性Compressive strength 抗压强度Cone of depression降水漏斗Cone Penetration Test 静力触探试验Confined or artesian aquifer 承压含水层confined water 承压水conformity 整合Conglomerate 砾岩consolidation grouting 固结灌浆Consolidation 固结consolidation 固结作用contact metamorphism 接触变质作用contact spring 接触泉corrasion 侵蚀corroded depression polje 溶蚀谷corroded plain.corrosion 溶蚀Corundum 刚玉crest 脊critical edge pressure 临塑荷载critical moisture content临界含水率cross bedding 交错层理crustal movement 地壳运动Cryptocrystalline 隐晶质Crystal water 结晶水crystal 晶体cutting slope 路堑边坡Darcy's law达西定律deep foundations 深基础deformation modulus 变形模量Deformation 变形Deformation 变形degree of crystallinity 结晶度degree of saturation饱和度density密度denudation 剥蚀作用Deposit 堆积，沉淀detrital sediment 碎屑沉积Diabase 辉绿岩Diamond 金刚石differential expansion不均匀[局部]膨胀dilatability 膨胀性Diorite 闪长岩dip angle 倾角Direct Pull Test 直拉试验Directional pressure 定向压力disconformity 假整合Discontinuity 不连续Dissolution 溶解Dolomite 白云石Dome 穹庐drag fold 拖曳褶皱Drainage channel 排水槽Drainage 排水Dry unit weight 干重度Dyke岩脉dynamic metamorphism 动力变质作用earth crust 地壳earthquake focus 震源Earthquake 地震effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size 有效粒径effective unit weight 有效重度Elasticity 弹性Elevation 海拔Eluvial soils 残积土engineering geological investigation 工程地质勘查engineering geological profiles 工程地质剖面图Engineering geology 工程地质学engineering practice 工程实践eon 宙Epicenter 震中Epoch 世Era 代Erathem 界eroded spring 侵蚀泉erosional terrace 侵蚀阶地erosional valley侵蚀谷exfoliation 剥落external force 外力Fan fold扇状褶皱Fault breccias 断层角砾岩Fault dip 断层倾角Fault distance 断距Fault line 断层线Fault plane 断层面Fault scarp 断层崖Fault strike 断层走向fault zone 断层带fault 断层felsic 长英矿物flow net 流网Fluorspar 萤石Fold axis 褶轴Fold 褶皱Foliation 叶理Footing 基础Footing 基础Footwall下盘Formation 组fossil 化石foundation stability 地基稳定性Foundation 地基fracture water 裂隙水Fracture 断裂fracture 断裂fragments of rock 岩石碎片Freeze–thaw action 冻融作用Funnel 漏斗Gabbro 辉长岩Garnet 石榴子石geological compass 地质罗盘Geological structure 地质构造geological survey 地质勘探Geological Time Scale地质时标Geological time 地质时期geomorphology 地貌学Glacial deposit 冰川沉积Gneiss 片麻岩gneissic structure片麻状构造Graben 地堑gradation test级配筛分试验graded bedding 粒级层理Grading curve 级配曲线Grading curve 级配曲线Grain composition 颗粒组成grain size distribution 粒度分布grain size 粒径Granite 花岗岩granular texture 等粒结构granular texture 粒状构造Gravel 砂砾Gravity water 重力水Groundwater 地下水Gypsum 石膏Hade 断层倾角Hanging wall 上盘Heterogeneous不均匀的Hinge line 枢纽线Hinge 枢纽Holocene全新世Holocrystalline 全晶质Holohyaline 全玻璃质(非晶质) Homogeneous 各向同性honeycomb structure蜂窝结构horizontal bedding 水平层理Horizontal fold 水平褶皱horizontal structure 水平构造Hornblende 角闪石Horst 地垒hydration 水化作用Hydraulic conductivity 水力传导率Hydraulic gradient 水力梯度Hydrodynamic pressure 动水压力hydrogen sulphide 硫化氢Hydrogeological condition水文地质条件hydrolysis 水解作用hydrophilicity 亲水性Hydrostatic pressure 流体静压力Hypabyssal rock 浅成岩hypermelanic rock 深暗色岩Igneous rock 岩浆岩Illite 伊利石Inclined structure 倾斜构造index fossil 标准化石Inequigranular texture 不等粒结构Infiltrate 渗透In-situ test 原位测试Inter-limb angle 翼间角Intermediate igneous rocks 中性岩internal friction 内摩擦角Isoclinal fold等斜褶皱Isotropic 均质Joint number in one cubic meter 体积裂隙数Joint rose map节理玫瑰花图joint 节理Kaolinite 高岭石karst cave 岩溶洞karst water 喀斯特水（岩溶水）Karst 喀斯特lake deposit 湖相沉积Land subsidence 地面沉降Landslide 滑坡Lapie 岩沟lateral corrosion 侧向侵蚀Law of Superposition地层层序律Lense 透镜体leucocratic rock 浅色岩Limb 翼limit equilibrium methods 极限平衡法liquefaction 液化liquid limit 液限liquidity index 液性指数lithify （使）岩化load intensity荷载强度Loading Test 静载荷试验Lopolith 岩盆Luster 光泽mafic 铁镁质矿物Magma 岩浆magnesium carbonate 碳酸镁Marble 大理岩massive structure 块状构造master stream 主流maximum dry density 最大干密度mean diameter, average grain diameter 平均粒径meander 河曲melanocratic rock 暗色岩Mercalli Scale麦氏震级Merocrystalline 半晶质mesocratic rock 中色岩Mesozoic中生代metacryst texture变晶结构Metamorphic rock 变质岩Metamorphism 变质作用Mica 云母Mineral 矿物modulus of elasticity 弹性模量Mohs' Scale of Hardness 莫氏硬度计Monoclinal fold 单斜褶皱Montmorillonite 蒙脱石mountain chain 山链mud crack 泥裂Mud stone 泥岩Muscovite 白云母Mylonite糜棱岩mylonitization 糜棱岩化natural bridge 天生桥natural foundation 天然地基natural moisture 天然含水量natural state of stress 天然应力状态natural structure 天然结构normal fault 正断层oblique bedding 斜层理occurrence 产状dip 倾向Olivine 橄榄石optimum water content 最优含水量Organic materials 有机物质Organic substance 有机物质organism 有机物Orthoclase feldspar 正长石outcrop of spring 泉水出露outcrop 岩层露头Over consolidated 超固结Overburden覆盖层overflow spring 溢出泉overturned fold 倒转褶皱oxbow lake牛轭湖oxidation 氧化作用P~s curve p-s曲线Palaeozoic古生代palimpsest texture变余结构parent rock 母岩pedestal terrace 基座阶地Pegmatite 伟晶岩penetration resistance贯入阻力penetrometer 贯入仪perched water上层滞水Peridotite橄榄岩Period 纪Permeability 渗透率petrology 岩石学Phanerocrystalline 显晶质Phanerozoic time 显生宙phenocryst 斑晶phreatic water 潜水phyllitic structure千枚状构造physical weathering 物理风化piezocone penetration test 孔压静力触探pile foundation 桩基础Piping 管涌Plagioclase 斜长石Plasticity index 塑性指数Plasticity 塑性plasticity可塑性plate loading test 平板载荷试验Pleistocene更新世Plunging fold倾伏褶皱plutonic earthquake 深源地震Plutonic rock深成岩Pluvial deposits 洪积物Poisson's ratio泊松比poorly graded 分选性差Pore pressure 孔隙压力Pore water 孔隙水Porosity 孔隙度Porosity 孔隙度Coefficient of permeability 渗透系数Porphyrite 玢岩Porphyritic texture 斑状结构porphyroblast 斑状变晶Porphyry 斑岩potash feldspar 钾长石Pre-Cambrian time 前寒武纪Primary mineral 原生矿物Pumice 浮岩Pyrite 黄铁矿Hematite 赤铁矿Pyroxene 辉石Pyroxenite 辉岩Quartz 石英Quartzite 石英岩Quaternary第四纪Quicksand 流沙Radiometric dating同位素年龄测定Recharge 补给Recrystallization 重结晶作用recumbent fold 平卧褶皱regional metamorphism 区域变质作用Relative dating相对年代测定relative density 相对密度relative density, density index相对密度residual stress 残余应力retaining wall 挡土墙Retrogressive slide 牵引式滑坡reverse fault 逆断层Rhyolite 流纹岩rhyotaxitic structure 流纹状构造Richter scale 里氏震级ripple mark 波痕river bank 河岸river bed 河床river terrace 河流阶地River 河流rock failure 岩石破裂Rock Mass 岩体Rock strength 岩石强度Rock 岩石rockfall 岩崩s~logt curve s-logt曲线sampling 取样sand boil 砂沸sand stone 砂岩Sand 砂Saturated unit weight 饱和重度schistose structure片状构造Schistosity 片理Scouring 冲刷Secondary minerals 次生矿物sediment 沉积物Sedimentary rock 沉积岩sedimentology 沉积学Seepage failure 渗流破坏seepage forces 渗流压力seepage force渗透力seepage velocity渗流速度Seepage 渗流seismograph 测震仪semi-logarithmic scale半对数标度Series 统Serpentine 蛇纹石Shale 页岩shallow foundations 浅基础shallow-focus earthquake 浅源地震Shear cracks 剪切裂缝shear failure 剪切破坏shear fracture 剪切裂隙Shear strength 抗剪强度Shear Vane Test 十字板剪切试验shrinkage limit 缩限silica minerals 硅氧矿物Sill岩床Silt 粉砂Siltstone 粉砂岩single-grained structure 单粒结构flocculent structure 絮状结构Sinkhole 落水洞size analysis 粒级分析Slate 板岩sleeve 套筒Slickenside 断层擦面sliding bed 滑坡床Sliding body 滑坡体Sliding cliff 滑坡后壁sliding terrace 滑坡台地Sliding tongue 滑坡舌slip surface 滑动面Slip zone 滑动带Slope deposits 坡积物Slope failure 边坡不稳Sodium salt 钠盐soil gas 土壤气体Soil Water 土壤水Soil 土Solid particle 固体颗粒solubility 溶解度Soluble salt 可溶盐类Solution 溶解作用specific gravity比重Specific retention 持水度Specific yield 给水度spring 泉水stalactite钟乳石stalagmite 石笋Standard Penetration Test 标准贯入试验Stock 岩株Stratification 分层Stratigraphic correlation method地层对比法Stratigraphic 地层学的stratigraphy 地层学Stratum (pl. strata) 岩层Streak 条痕strike 走向strike-slip fault走向平移断层strip footing 条形基础strong motion earthquake 强烈地震structural fracture 构造裂隙structural geology 构造地质学structural plane 结构面Subgrade 路基submarine earthquake 海底地震sulphate 硫酸盐Surface tension 表面张力suspended water 包气带水Syenite 正长岩symmetric fold 对称褶皱Syncline 向斜System 系tabular structure 板状构造Talc 滑石tectonic basin 构造盆地tectonic earthquake 构造地震tectonic line 构造线Tectonic process 构造运动tectonic valley 构造谷tensile fracture 张性裂隙Tensile strength 抗拉强度Tension crack 拉张裂缝terrain 地形Tertiary第三纪the core 地核the mantle 地幔time unit 地质年代单位Topaz 黄玉Trachyte 粗面岩transverse strain 横向应变Triangular facet 断层三角面triaxial compression test三轴压缩试验tri-phase soil 三相土True dip 真倾角tsunami 海啸ultimate bearing capacity极限承载力ultimate load 极限荷载Ultrabasic igneous rocks 超基性岩Unconfined aquifer orUnconfined Compression Test 无侧限抗压试验Unconformity 不整合Underground engineering地下工程underground river 暗河Uplift pressure浮托力Valley floor 谷底Vein纹理vertical erosion 下切侵蚀vertical movement 垂直运动Vertical zoning 垂直分带vesicular structure 气孔状构造void ratio 孔隙比volcanic ash 火山灰volcanic earthquake火山地震Water content 含水量Water content 含水量Water-table aquifer 非承压含水层Weathering 风化作用weight 重度well 井well-graded 分选性好Wetting angle 润湿角Wind deposit 风成沉积物。
工程地质学英语专业词汇
Engineering Geology 工程地质学Geotechnical Enginneering岩土工程Weathering风化作用retaining wall挡土墙foundation基础cohesion粘聚力Consolidation固结metamorphic rock变质岩void ratio孔隙比Settlement沉降strike走向faults断层Magmatism岩浆作用quartz石英vadose water上层滞水pile caps承台quaternary第四纪landslide滑坡tunnel隧道reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土Internal friction is the resistance to sliding offered by the soil mass.摩擦系数是土体滑坡所产生的抗滑现象。
砂和砾石比黏土摩擦系数要大；在黏土中增加水分会降低摩擦系数。
在建筑物自重作用下土的滑动趋势以剪切的方式发生；也就是说，土体在平面上移动要么水平，要么垂直或其他方式。
这样的剪切移动对建筑物是危险的。
Also resisting the danger of shear is the property of cohesion抗剪切破坏也是土的黏结力的特性，它是土颗粒相互吸引产生的，与土颗粒之间的分子力和水分存在有关。
黏结力明显受到水分的含量影响。
黏结力明显受到水分的含量影响。
黏结力在黏土中非常高，在砂和粉砂中几乎不存在。
对于干砂来说，黏结力是零，对非常硬的黏土达到100kPaIn connection with its use for soils采用摩尔库伦准则解决土体中的问题，有两个主要的缺点，第一，它假定中间应力对破坏无影响，这与试验情况不符。
第二，摩尔图中破坏线是直线，这意味着强度参数给φ并不随围压改变Thus，一系列较硬，较脆和刚性的岩层破裂产生裂隙，从而增加了岩层的渗透系数。
地质工程专业英语
11地形地貌geographic and geomorphic工程地质条件engineering geological conditions地形地貌条件geographic and geomorphic conditions地形land form地貌geomorphology, relief微地貌microrelief地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit 坡度grade地形图relief map河谷river valley河道river course河床river bed(channel）冲沟gully, gulley，erosion gully，stream(brook）河漫滩floodplain(valley flat）阶地terrace冲积平原alluvial plain三角洲delta古河道fossil river course，fossil stream channel冲积扇alluvial fan洪积扇diluvial fan坡积裙talus apron分水岭divide盆地basin岩溶地貌karst land feature，karst landform溶洞solution cave, karst cave落水洞sinkhole土洞Karstic earth cave2地层岩性地层geostrome (stratum，strata）岩性lithologic character, rock property岩体rock mass岩层bed stratum岩层layer, rock stratum母岩matrix，parent rock相变facies change硬质岩strong rock, film软质岩weak rock硬质的competent软质的incompetent基岩bedrock岩组petrofabric覆盖层overburden 交错层理cross bedding层面bedding plane片理schistosity层理bedding板理（叶理）foliation波痕ripple—mark泥痕mud crack雨痕raindrop imprints造岩矿物rock-forming minerals粘土矿物clay mineral高岭土kaolinite蒙脱石montmorillonite伊利石illite云母mica白云母muscovite黑云母biotite石英quartz长石feldspar正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase辉石pyroxene, picrite角闪石hornblende方解石calcite构造structure结构texture组构fabric（tissue)矿物组成mineral composition结晶质crystalline非晶质amorphous产状attitude火成岩igneous岩浆岩magmatic rock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山volcano侵入岩intrusive(invade）rock 喷出岩effusive rock深成岩plutonic rock浅成岩pypabysal rock酸性岩acid rock中性岩inter-mediate rock基性岩basic rock超基性岩ultrabasic rock岩基rock base （batholith）岩脉（墙）dike岩株rock stock岩流rock flow岩盖rock laccolith (laccolite）岩盆rock lopolith岩墙rock dike2岩床rock sill岩脉vein dyke花岗岩granite斑岩porphyry玢岩porphyrite流纹岩rhyolite正长岩syenite粗面岩trachyte闪长岩diorite安山岩andesite辉长岩gabbro玄武岩basalt细晶岩aplite伟晶岩pegmatite煌斑岩lamprophyre辉绿岩diabase橄榄岩dunite黑曜岩obsidian浮岩pumice火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate 凝灰岩tuff沉积岩sedimentary rock碎屑岩clastic rock粘土岩clay rock粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone化学岩chemical rock生物岩biolith砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia砂岩sandstone石英砂岩quartz sandstone粉砂岩siltstone钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone 泥岩mudstone页岩shale盐岩saline石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite泥灰岩marl泥钙岩argillo—calcareous 泥砂岩argillo—arenaceous 砂质arenaceous泥质argillaceous硅质的siliceous有机质organic matter粗粒coarse grain中粒medium—grained沉积物sediment (deposit) 漂石、顽石boulder卵石cobble砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt粘土clay粘粒clay grain砂质粘土sandy clay粘质砂土clayey sand壤土、亚粘土loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)黄土loess红土laterite泥灰peat软泥ooze淤泥mire, oozed mud，sludge，warp clay冲积物(层）alluvion冲积的alluvial洪积物（层）proluvium，diluvium，diluvion 洪积的diluvial坡积物（层）deluvium残积物(层）eluvium残积的eluvial风积物（层）eolian deposits湖积物（层)lake deposits海积物(层）marine deposits冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift）deposits崩积物(层）colluvial deposits, colluvium残积粘土residual clay变质岩metamorphic rock板岩slate千枚岩phyllite片岩schist片麻岩gneiss石英岩quartzite大理岩marble糜棱岩mylonite混合岩migmatite碎裂岩cataclasite3地质构造地质构造geologic structure结构构造structural texture大地构造geotectonic构造运动tectogenesis造山运动orogeny升降运动vertical movement水平运动horizontal movement完整性perfection（integrity)起伏度waviness尺寸效应size effect围压效应confining pressure effect产状要素elements of attitude产状attitude，orientation走向strike倾向dip倾角dip angle, angle of dip褶皱fold褶曲fold单斜monocline向斜syncline背斜anticline穹隆dome挤压squeeze上盘upper section下盘bottom wall，footwall, lower wall断距separation相交intersect断层fault正断层normal fault逆断层reversed fault平移断层parallel fault层理bedding, stratification微层理light stratification地堑graben地垒horst，fault ridge断层泥gouge, pug，selvage, fault gouge擦痕stria, striation断裂fracture破碎带fracture zone节理joint节理组joint set裂隙fissure, crack微裂隙fine fissure, microscopic fissure 劈理cleavage原生裂隙original joint次生裂隙epigenetic joint张裂隙tension joint剪裂隙shear joint卸荷裂隙relief crack裂隙率fracture porosity结构类型structural pattern岩体结构rock mass structure岩块block mass 结构体structural element块度blockness结构面structural plane软弱结构面weak plane临空面free face碎裂结构cataclastic texture板状结构platy structure薄板状lamellose块状的lumpy，massive层状的laminated巨厚层giant thick—laminated薄层状的finely laminated软弱夹层weak intercalated layer夹层inter bedding，intercalated bed, interlayer，intermediate layer夹泥层clayey intercalation夹泥inter—clay连通性connectivity切层insequent影响带affecting zone完整性integrity n.Integrate v. ＆a.degree of integrality破碎crumble胶结cement泥化argillization尖灭taper—out错动diastrophism错动层面faulted bedding plane断续的intermittent破碎crumble共轭节理conjugated joint散状loose透镜状的lens—shaped a.岩石碎片crag岩屑cuttings, debris薄膜membrane，film层理stratification高角度high dip angle缓倾角low dip angle反倾anti-dip互层interbed v.Interbedding n。
152.地质学术语
152.地质学术语（⼀）【⼆字】暗煤 ⽩垩 斑晶 搬运 板块 板岩 包容 剥蚀 薄⽚ 宝⽯ 背形 崩塌 ⽐重 闭合 边坡 变晶 变形 变质 标准 滨岸 冰川 冰期 玻屑 波痕 补偿 补型 布丁 槽模 侧伏 层理 层流 层⾯ 层位 层型 层序 拆离 产层 产状 常光 长⽯ 超覆 超群 潮滩 ⾠砂 尘暴 沉积 沉降 衬度 ⾍孔 稠度 出溶 雏晶 储量 磁性 雌黄 粗砾 ⼤陆 单⾯ 单斜 淡⽔ 倒向 岛弧 德拜 等深 等型 底辟 底⾯ 地槽 地层 地盾 地核 地基 地极 地壳 地块 地蜡 地垒 地堑 地球 地热 地台 地体 地温 地学 地震 地质 地轴 地幔 点群 淀积 叠锥 定年 冻⼟ ⾖粒 毒砂 端⾯ 断层 断距 断⼝ 断块 断裂 断坪 断坡 堆积 对称 多型 发光 反射 反伸 反演 肥煤 废⽔ 沸泉 沸⽯ 分散 粉晶 粉砂 浮⽯ 浮岩 俯冲 斧⽯ 腐泥 复活 复柱 盖层 ⼲裂 ⼲⽓ 刚⽟ ⾼原 格⼦ 共型 共轴 沟模 沟蚀 构造 古铜 ⾻粒 ⾻屑 管涌 灌桨 光⽚ 光泽 光轴 ⼴海 ⼴义 归并 过程 海沟 海解 海进 海侵 海退 海相 褐煤 红⼟ 后滨 后陆 滑动 滑坡 滑⽯ 滑脱 滑移 环带 缓坡 黄⼟ 黄⽟ 灰岩 辉⽯ 回返 活化 活塞 ⽕⼭ 击坑 基底 基岩 基质 积岩 集料 脊柱 计时 夹矸 加积 钾盐 假象 尖灭 间断 碱湖 建造 降尘 礁相 焦煤 胶结 交代 交接 ⾓岩 接触 阶地 节理 结构 结核 结晶 解理 晶胞 晶畴 晶带 晶格 晶⾯ 晶体 晶屑 晶质 镜煤 聚凝 巨砾 均夷 均质 卡⽚ 壳相 壳源 孔洞 孔隙 矿床 矿点 矿浆 矿棉 矿区 矿泉 矿⽯ 矿⽔ 矿⽥ 矿物 拉斑 拉分 莱茨 砾岩 沥青 亮晶 亮煤 裂⾕ 裂理 磷光 陵夷 流沉 流体 流⽹ 流限 隆起 卤⽔ 陆潮 陆解 陆壳 陆相 绿岩 落错 脉动 脉⽯ 芒硝 盲矿 锚桩 煤层 煤核 煤华 煤级 煤精 煤炭 煤⽥ 煤系 煤相 煤垩 ⽶勒 磨蚀 挠曲 内滨 内核 霓⽯ 泥化 泥砾 泥裂 泥流 泥岩 喷泉 盆地 硼砂 碰撞 劈理 偏倚 ⽚理 ⽚岩 飘尘 拼贴 贫煤 平错 平原 坡⾯ 剖⾯ ⽓藏 ⽓煤 ⽓苗 ⽓⽥ 前凹 前滨 前弧 前陆 前渊 潜流 潜蚀 潜⽔ 潜⽳ 浅埋 浅深 强⼲ 鞘褶 侵蚀 倾伏 倾⾓ 倾向 丘陵 球度 球粒 球⼟ 全型 全形 热储 热点 热害 熔壳 溶解 容重 蠕变 软⽔ 软⽟ ⾊散 ⾊性 砂岩 ⼭崩 ⼭链 ⼭脉 ⼭系 闪⽯ 上盘 深埋 渗滤 ⽣产 湿⽓ ⽯材 ⽯膏 ⽯化 ⽯蜡 ⽯墨 ⽯盐 ⽯英 ⽯撞 时带 蚀象 瘦煤 刷模 双晶 双锥 ⽔化 ⽔解 ⽔圈 ⽔头 ⽔位 ⽔样 丝炭 塑限 酸⾬ 碎屑 塌岸 他型 探井 填积 条痕 铁帽 同型 铜蓝 透明 突⽔ 图解 团块 团粒 推移 蜕晶 退覆 脱⽔ 外滨 外核 ⽹络 微晶 围岩 位错 温泉 ⽂⽯ 纹层 纹理 纹泥 紊流 污染 污⽔ ⽆序 吸收 锡⽯ 膝折 细层 细沟 细砾 霞⽯ 狭义 下盘 下切 咸泉 咸⽔ 线理 响岩 向形 消光 楔形 斜长 斜列 泻湖 形⾕ 雄黄 悬移 ⽞武 雪崩 压剪 压密 压溶 压实 压缩 烟煤 盐度 盐湖 盐坪 盐丘 盐⽔ 盐滩 岩崩 岩床 岩盖 岩基 岩浆 岩颈 岩脉 岩盆 岩墙 岩群 岩溶 岩塞 岩省 岩相 岩屑 岩枝 岩株 岩组 延长 衍射 雁列 洋壳 仰冲 要素 页岩 叶理 液限 夷平 异型 应变 应⼒ 萤⽯ 荧光 硬底 硬度 硬⽔ 硬⽟ 铀⿊ 铀⽯ 油藏 油苗 油砂 油⽥ 有序 右步 右阶 ⾬痕 宇宙 ⽟⽯ ⽟髓 元素 原油 圆度 跃移 ⽉核 ⽉壳 ⽉球 ⽉壤 ⽉岩 ⽉震 ⽉幔 云母 陨⽯ 杂基 载荷 再造 藻煤 增⽣ 增⽥ 粘⼟ 沾污 张剪 沼泽 折射 整合 置换 中砾 中深 重叠 重⼒ 轴⾓ 轴率 轴⾯ 烛煤 铸型 注⽔ 状图 椎模 资源 ⾃形 ⾛向 组构 左步 左阶 作⽤ 幔源 榍⽯ 燧⽯ 锆⽯ 锖⾊ 穹窿 褶劈 褶皱 蛭⽯ 霰⽯ 鲕粒【三字】阿林阶 阿林期 埃洛⽯ 鞍状脉 安定组 安多矿 安康矿 安尼阶 安尼期 安全岛 安⼭岩 暗淡煤 暗⾊岩 奥长⽯ 奥陶纪 奥陶系 ⼋⾯体 巴东组 巴顿阶 巴顿期 巴柔阶 巴柔期 巴通阶 巴通期 ⽩岗岩 ⽩榴⽯ ⽩榴岩 ⽩⽚岩 ⽩铅矿 ⽩沙阶 ⽩沙期 ⽩沙组 ⽩钨矿 ⽩云母 ⽩云⽯ ⽩云岩 ⽩垩纪 ⽩垩系 摆佐组 斑铜矿 板劈理 板溪群 伴⽣⽓ 半暗煤 半晶质 半亮煤 半⾯体 半坡⾯ 包络⾯ 包⽓带 包头矿 薄膜⽔ 饱和度 饱⽔带 宝⽯学 宝塔组 北票组 背景值 贝克线 钡长⽯ 本溪组 ⽐重瓶 笔⽯相 碧侯群 碧⼝群 碧⽞岩 碧⽟岩 边缘海 变斑晶 变粒岩 变形纹 变质带 变质级 变质期 变质相 变质岩 辫状河 滨海相 冰长⽯ 冰川相 冰后期 冰晶⽯ 冰碛扇 冰碛岩 玻璃质 波动说 不对称 不连续 不透明 不整合 参考点 残植煤 残殖煤 槽铸型 侧伏⾓ 测⾓仪 层间⽔ 产油区 长城纪 长城群 长城系 长⼭阶 长⼭期 长⼭组 长兴阶 长兴期 长兴组 长焰煤 沉积⽔ 沉积物 沉积相 沉积岩 成矿带 成矿期 成矿区 成矿省 成矿学 成矿域 成熟度 承压⽔ 承载⼒ 持⼒层 持⽔度 持⽔量 ⾚路矿 ⾚铁矿 ⾚铜矿 冲断层 冲击坑 冲击岩 冲积相 抽⽔井 臭葱⽯ 初糜岩 初始铅 穿时性 船⼭组 纯剪切 磁铁矿 次⽣⽔ 次元素 粗安岩 粗粒体 粗⾯岩 粗铅法 粗⽞岩 达拉阶 达拉期 达拉组 ⼤矿囊 ⼤理岩 ⼤⽓圈 ⼤⽓氩 ⼤塘阶 ⼤塘期 ⼤湾组 ⼤冶组 代化组 丹巴矿 丹尼阶 丹尼期 氮循环 蛋⽩⽯ 导⽔性 道马矿 德坞阶 德坞期 灯影组 等分线 等粒状 等倾线 等时线 等势线 迪开⽯ 底砾岩 地背斜 地层表 地层典 地层学 地层柱 地磁极 地⽅病 地沥青 地裂缝 地热能 地热省 地热⽥ 地史学 地洼说 地下河 地下热 地下⽔ 地向斜 地震波 地震线 地质学 地幔岩 地幔柱 第四纪 第四系 碘矿床 点接触 电⽓⽯ 叠层⽯ 顶峰带 动物群 独居⽯ 杜内阶 杜内期 断层⾕ 断层泥 断层泉 断层崖 断陷塘 对称⼼ 多⾊性 多型体 多旋回 惰性铀 惰质组 ⼆长岩 ⼆叠纪 ⼆叠系 ⼆连⽯ ⼆维流 ⼆轴晶 法门阶 法门期 钒酸盐 钒铜矿 钒云母 反磁性 反射弧 反射计 反射率 泛⼤陆 泛⼤洋 泛地槽 泛地台 ⽅沸⽯ ⽅解⽯ ⽅镁⽯ ⽅钠⽯ ⽅硼⽯ ⽅铅矿 ⽅⽯英 ⽅陨铁 ⽅柱⽯ 放射性 ⾮共轴 ⾮晶质 ⾮均质 ⾮强⼲ 飞来峰 分散场 分散流 分散晕 分乡组 粉砂岩 封存⽔ 风暴岩 风成岩 风化壳 缝合线 凤⼭阶 凤⼭期 凤⼭组 氟中毒 符⼭⽯ 抚顺群 腐泥煤 腐植煤 腐植组 腐殖煤 副矿物 复背斜 复理⽯ 复向斜 复原图 ⾩新群 负荷模 负延长 负异常 富⾦线 富矿体 富⽔性 附着⼒ 钙长⽯ 钙霞⽯ 钙柱⽯ 钙钛矿 ⼲酪根 ⼲热岩 ⼲涉⾊ ⼲涉图 ⼲盐湖 杆沸⽯ 赣南矿 岗巴群 ⾼氟⽔ ⾼岭⽯ ⾼岭⼟ ⾼压釜 ⾼原相 隔⽔层 隔⽔性 铬钾矿 铬铅矿 铬酸盐 铬铁矿 给⽔度 更长⽯ 更新世 更新统 ⼯具痕 汞铅矿 沟铸型 构造窗 构造湖 构造圈 构造学 构造岩 构造域 孤峰组 古北矿 古地磁 古地温 古地震 古滑坡 古近纪 古近系 古⽣代 古⽣界 古⼟壤 古纬度 古新世 古新统 顾家⽯ 固定论 固结仪 固体潮 固相线 关底阶 关底期 关底组 馆陶组 光亮煤 光卤⽯ 光率体 光轴⾓ 光轴⾯ 硅灰⽯ 硅铝层 硅镁层 硅镁⽯ 硅酸盐 硅锌矿 硅藻⼟ 硅质岩 过渡相 过剩氩 海绿⽯ 海绵岩 海泡⽯ 海西期 含⽔层 含⽔量 寒武纪 寒武系 合纹⽯ 河⼝湾 河流相 褐帘⽯ ⿊钨矿 ⿊云母 ⿊曜岩 红宝⽯ 红帘⽯ 红⽯矿 红⼟化 红柱⽯ 后成河 胡乐阶 胡乐期 胡乐组 湖泊相 花斑岩 花岗岩 滑动⾯ 滑劈理 滑移⾯ 滑移系 滑移线 环带轴 黄长⽯ 黄河矿 黄锑矿 黄铁矿 黄铜矿 煌斑岩 灰⽡岩 辉长岩 辉沸⽯ 辉绿岩 辉⽯岩 辉锑矿 辉铜矿 辉银矿 辉钼矿 辉铋矿 回灌井 回灌⽔ 混合流 混合⽔ 混合岩 活动带 活动论 活⽕⼭ 活性铀 ⽕成岩 ⽕⼭带 ⽕⼭弹 ⽕⼭弧 ⽕⼭灰 ⽕⼭颈 ⽕⼭⼝ ⽕⼭砾 ⽕⼭泥 ⽕⼭砂 ⽕⼭学 ⽕⼭岩 ⽕⼭渣 ⽕⼭锥 击作⽤ 基性岩 基准井 吉维阶 吉维期 集⽔井 蓟县纪 蓟县矿 蓟县群 蓟县系 继承氩 钾化带 钾硝⽯ 假异常 假整合 尖晶⽯ 间冰期 间隔带 间歇泉 碱性泉 碱性岩 碱⽞岩 剪切带 渐新世 渐新统 建德群 礁圈闭 胶结物 胶磷矿 胶泥煤 交沸⽯ ⾓斑岩 ⾓砾岩 ⾓闪⽯ ⾓闪岩 ⾓岩相 ⾓页岩 ⾓银矿 ⾓质体 接触泉 接合⾯ 节理组 结构⾯ 结晶度 结晶⽔ 结晶学 结晶轴 ⾦刚⽯ ⾦红⽯ ⾦云母 晋宁期 晶带轴 晶体学 静海⽯ 镜质组 靖远组 旧司组 居⾥点 聚合物 聚煤期 聚煤区 巨旋回 绢英带 绢云母 均变论 均衡说 均匀流 菌类体 喀斯特 卡尼阶 卡尼期 卡赞阶 卡赞期 开发井 坎⼉井 坎潘阶 坎潘期 柯⽯英 壳质组 克拉通 克⼭病 空⾕阶 空⾕期 空间群 空晶⽯ 孔店组 孔雀⽯ 孔隙⽐ 孔隙度 孔隙⽔ 孔兹岩 矿顶相 矿根相 矿化度 矿化剂 矿化⽔ 矿坑⽔ 矿物学 矿物种 矿相学 矿源层 矿源岩 昆阳群 扩散晕 扩张极 扩张脊 拉长⽯ 拉丁阶 拉丁期 莱河矿 蓝宝⽯ 蓝⽅⽯ 蓝晶⽯ 蓝旗组 蓝闪⽯ 蓝⽥组 蓝铁矿 蓝铜矿 蓝线⽯ 兰海阶 兰海期 劳埃群 劳厄群 勒拿阶 勒拿期 乐平煤 乐平组 雷公墨 镭平衡 累乘晕 累加晕 冷提取 ⾥菲群 砾屑岩 砾质⼟ ⽴⽅体 沥青砂 联合弧 莲沱组 连滩组 辽河群 裂隙脉 裂隙泉 裂隙⽔ 磷灰⽯ 磷块岩 磷酸盐 磷霞岩 磷钇矿 临湘组 鳞⽯英 菱沸⽯ 菱镁矿 菱锰矿 菱⾯体 菱铁矿 菱锌矿 榴辉岩 硫化物 硫磺泉 硫酸盐 硫循环 流劈理 流纹岩 六⾯体 龙潭组 卤化物 路特阶 路特期 禄丰组 陆表海 吕梁期 吕梁群 铝质岩 绿辉⽯ 绿帘⽯ 绿泥⽯ 绿⽚岩 绿松⽯ 绿脱⽯ 绿纤⽯ 绿岩带 绿柱⽯ 滦河矿 螺旋轴 罗富组 罗圈组 ⿇粒岩 马兰组 马平阶 马平期 马平组 脉动说 茅⼝阶 茅⼝期 茅⼝组 ⽑细管 ⽑庄组 冒地槽 冒地斜 煤成⽓ 煤盆地 煤岩学 蒙脱⽯ 锰结核 锰团块 锰质岩 糜棱岩 弥散晕 庙坡组 妙⾼阶 妙⾼期 妙⾼组 明矾⽯ 明⽔组 磨拉⽯ 莫尔图 莫来⽯ 钠长⽯ 钠闪⽯ 钠硝⽯ 钠云母 钠柱⽯ 纳标组 南平⽯ 南雄组 南沱组 内动⼒ 内反射 内聚⼒ 内碎屑 内营⼒ 嫩江组 霓霞岩 泥⽕⼭ 泥盆纪 泥盆系 泥⽯流 泥屑岩 泥质岩 逆断层 逆牵引 年龄谱 镍纹⽯ 凝结⽔ 凝析油 宁国阶 宁国期 宁国组 ⽜津阶 ⽜津期 诺利阶 诺利期 欧拉极 培长⽯ 配位数 喷出相 喷出岩 喷⽓孔 盆岭区 盆岭省 硼矿床 硼镁⽯ 硼酸盐 膨润⼟ 膨胀说 膨胀⼟ 偏⽅形 偏提取 偏振⾓ ⽚沸⽯ ⽚⿇理 ⽚⿇岩 漂⽩⼟ 坪年龄 评价井 坡积物 坡缕⽯ 破劈理 葡萄⽯ 普通铅 栖霞阶 栖霞期 栖霞组 ⽓汽⽐ ⽓油⽐ 铅计时 千枚岩 千糜岩 潜⽔⾯ 潜⽔位 浅层⽔ 浅成岩 浅海相 浅基础 浅⾊岩 浅闪⽯ 侵⼊岩 青河⽯ 青⾦⽯ 轻质油 倾伏⾓ 曲流河 泉头组 全晶质 全⾯体 全⾯象 全新世 全新统 热导率 热电性 热河群 热流体 热流柱 热⽔区 热污染 热应⼒ 熔长⽯ 熔岩湖 熔岩流 溶解⽓ 容矿岩 容⽔度 软流圈 软锰矿 瑞替阶 瑞替期 塞农阶 塞农期 三叠纪 三叠系 三⾓带 三⾓洲 三联点 三门组 三维流 散落物 桑顿阶 桑顿期 砂矿床 砂屑岩 沙坝岛 沙海组 沙漠相 沙丘相 纱帽组 筛分析 ⼭麓相 ⼭旺组 ⼭西组 闪长岩 闪锌矿 上升泉 上司组 上溪群 上斜坡 上新世 上新统 烧绿⽯ 蛇纹⽯ 蛇纹岩 砷酸盐 砷锑矿 砷锌矿 深层⽔ 深成岩 深度带 深断裂 深海相 深基础 渗流⽔ 渗漏晕 渗⽔井 渗透率 渗透性 ⽣态系 ⽣物层 ⽣物带 ⽣物礁 ⽣物丘 ⽣物圈 ⽣物群 ⽣物相 ⽣油岩 ⽣源物 ⼗字⽯ ⽯膏化 ⽯膏帽 ⽯膏岩 ⽯灰岩 ⽯⼝阶 ⽯⼝期 ⽯⼝组 ⽯碌群 ⽯炭纪 ⽯炭系 ⽯⾹肠 ⽯盐岩 ⽯英楔 ⽯英岩 ⽯陨⽯ 始新世 始新统 视倾⾓ 收缩说 寿昌组 树脂体 刷铸型 双反射 双晶⾯ 双晶轴 双折射 ⽔化学 ⽔均衡 ⽔镁⽯ ⽔汽⽐ ⽔体系 ⽔⼟病 ⽔循环 ⽔跃值 ⽔俣病 顺磁性 丝质体 死⽕⼭ 四堡群 四⽅锥 四⾯体 四排阶 四排期 似长⽯ 似辉⽯ 松脂岩 苏长岩 苏打湖 酸性泉 酸性岩 碎裂岩 碎屑岩 索伦⽯ 台背斜 台向斜 太古宇 太古宙 太原组 碳酸⽔ 碳酸盐 碳酸岩 碳循环 碳质岩 塘丁组 特提斯 梯状脉 提塘阶 提塘期 天河⽯ 天蓝⽯ 天青⽯ 天然堤 天然碱 天然焦 天然⽓ 铁磁性 铁岭组 铁闪⽯ 铁纹⽯ 铁英岩 铁陨⽯ 铁质岩 烃源岩 桐柏矿 同时性 铜川组 痛痛病 透长⽯ 透辉⽯ 透⼊性 透闪⽯ 透⽔层 透⽔性 ⼟⾻架 ⼟光泽 ⼟⼒学 ⼟伦阶 ⼟伦期 ⼟壤⽔ 推覆体 脱玻化 歪长⽯ 外动⼒ 外营⼒ 顽辉⽯ 完整井 王⽒群 微暗煤 微板块 微惰煤 微镜煤 微壳煤 微粒体 微亮煤 围⼭矿 维宪阶 维宪期 伟晶岩 位错壁 稳定流 稳定组 卧马组 钨酸盐 乌光泽 乌来群 乌龙组 污染⽔ 污染源 ⽆烟煤 吴⽒⽹ 五峰阶 五峰期 五峰组 五台期 五台群 五通组 物质流 西康群 西盟⽯ 西域组 吸附铀 吸着⽔ 稀释剂 膝折带 ⼣卡岩 ⼣线⽯ 喜峰矿 细碧岩 细晶⽯ 细晶岩 霞⽯岩 霞斜岩 下降泉 下斜坡 夏特阶 夏特期 先成河 显⽣宙 ⾹花⽯ ⾹溪组 硝酸盐 消光⾓ 消光位 ⼩间断 斜长⽯ 斜长岩 斜消光 泻利盐 谢勒法 新⼚阶 新⼚期 新⼚组 新近纪 新近系 新⽣代 新⽣界 兴安⽯ 型俯冲 型构造 秀⼭阶 秀⼭期 秀⼭组 需⽔量 徐庄阶 徐庄期 徐庄组 悬浮液 旋回层 旋转法 ⽞武岩 压电性 压刻痕 压⼒影 压密⼟ 压缩层 压缩带 压缩性 亚晶粒 岩关阶 岩关期 岩浆房 岩墙群 岩溶泉 岩溶⽔ 岩溶相 岩溶柱 岩⽯圈 岩时差 岩渣锥 岩组学 延长组 延限带 演化线 燕⼭期 杨庄组 ⽺背⽯ 洋中脊 洋中隆 阳起⽯ 氧化物 氧体系 氧逸度 姚家组 冶⾥组 叶蜡⽯ 液相线 ⼀般将 ⼀维流 ⼀轴晶 铱异常 伊利⽯ 夷平⾯ 沂蒙矿 义县组 异常铅 异极矿 异极象 银⾦矿 饮⽤⽔ 隐伏矿 隐晶质 隐⽣宙 印度阶 印度期 印⽀期 英安岩 应变场 应⼒场 应堂阶 应堂期 硬腐泥 硬锰矿 硬砂岩 硬⽯膏 硬柱⽯ 涌⽔量 优地槽 铀活化 铀矿床 铀氧化 油浸法 油⽥⽔ 油页岩 鱼眼⽯ 宇宙尘 郁江阶 郁江期 郁江组 预探井 预应⼒ 元古宇 元古宙 元素对 原⽣铅 原⽣⽔ 原⽣晕 远景区 云煌岩 云英岩 陨硫铁 陨氯铁 陨⽯学 陨⽯⾬ 杂砂岩 灾变论 再⽣⽔ 藻类体 藻烛煤 造⼭带 造⼭幕 增⽣楔 粘⼟岩 粘着⼒ 张衡矿 张夏阶 张夏期 张夏组 障壁岛 沼泽相 折光率 折射计 折射率 哲斯组 珍珠岩 针沸⽯ 针铁矿 震旦纪 震旦系 蒸发岩 正长⽯ 正长岩 正地槽 正断层 正延长 正异常 直闪⽯ 植物群 志丹群 志留纪 志留系 中长⽯ 中⾊岩 中⽣代 中⽣界 中新世 中新统 中性岩 中柱⽯ 重结晶 重晶⽯ 重矿物 重⼒⽔ 重质油 主应变 主应⼒ 主元素 撞击坑 撞裂锥 椎铸型 准地槽 准地台 准平原 浊沸⽯ 浊积岩 ⾃封闭 ⾃流井 ⾃流⽔ ⾃然铬 ⾃然⾦ ⾃然硫 ⾃然铜 ⾃然银 宗⼭组 总变形 总滑距 总硬度 组合带 侏罗纪 侏罗系 堇青⽯ 拗拉槽 捩断层 崮⼭阶 崮⼭期 崮⼭组 湄潭组 滹沱群 灞河组 孢⼦体 橄榄⽯ 橄榄岩 氩计时 钍铀⽐ 钕计时 钛铁矿 钼铅矿 钼酸盐 铈异常 铕异常 锂辉⽯ 锂云母 锂铍⽯ 锶计时 褶皱带 褶皱⼭ 褶皱翼 褶皱轴 鞑靼阶 鞑靼期 黝⽅⽯ 黝帘⽯ 黝铜矿【四字】阿尔必阶 阿尔必期 阿基坦阶 阿基坦期 阿⽊⼭组 阿普特阶 阿普特期 阿瑟尔阶 阿瑟尔期 阿⼭头组 埃姆斯阶 埃姆斯期 埃唐⽇阶 埃唐⽇期 艾费尔阶 艾费尔期 鞍⼭岩群 暗⾊矿物 暗⾊指数 凹凸接触 巴列姆阶 巴列姆期 巴西试验 巴西双晶 靶区优选 ⽩磷钙⽯ ⽩杨河组 ⽩云⽯化 斑杂构造 斑状结构 板垫作⽤ 板间地震 板块边界 板块运动 板内地震 伴⽣矿物 半深海相 半丝质体 包含结构 包卷层理 包⽓带⽔ 剥蚀平原 薄⽪构造 饱和⽔流 饱和系数 爆发指数 背形向斜 贝尔纳图 钡闪叶⽯ 钡铁钛⽯ 本巴图组 边界品位 边缘盆地 变辉长岩 变基性岩 变晶系列 变泥质岩 变形砾⽯ 变形路径 变形双晶 变形条带 变质反应 变质阶段 变质矿床 变质事件 变质梯度 变质体制 变质相系 变质相组 变质旋回 变质亚相 变质作⽤ 标型矿物 标型元素 标志化⽯ 标准化⽯ 标准剖⾯ 表观年龄 表⽣成岩 表⽣异常 冰川擦痕 冰川漂砾 冰川作⽤ 冰蚀作⽤ 冰碛阶地 玻璃光泽 玻璃原料 玻璃陨⽯ 波痕指数 波状层理 铂系元素 铂族元素 不等粒状 不混熔性 不透⽔层 布拉格阶 布拉格期 部分平衡 部分熔融 彩钼铅矿 参考剖⾯ 残积矿床 残留构造 残余变形 残余构造 残余强度 沧浪铺阶 沧浪铺期 沧浪铺组 测线采样 层间砾岩 层间岩溶 层间越流 层控矿床 层内砾岩 层凝灰岩 层状⽕⼭ 层状矿床 差热分析 差异风化 差异应⼒ 柴达⽊⽯ 铲形断层 产铀岩体 常量元素 常州沟组 长⽯砂岩 肠状褶皱 超固结⼟ 超基性岩 超糜棱岩 超酸性岩 沉淀分带 沉积分异 沉积盖层 沉积构造 沉积环境 沉积建造 沉积接触 沉积结构 沉积矿床 沉积旋回 沉积组合 城市地质 橙⽞玻璃 成矿壳层 成矿系列 成矿序列 成矿预测 成矿元素 成矿作⽤ 成煤物质 成岩作⽤ 承压⽔头 承压⽔位 抽⽔试验 稠度指数 臭⽜沟组 臭氧耗竭 初见⽔位 初始⽐值 初始熔体 初始应⼒ 储层性质 储油构造 储油⽓层 传压介质 串岭沟组 窗格构造 窗棂构造 垂直分带 纯橄榄岩 磁⾚铁矿 磁黄铁矿 次⽕⼭相 次⽕⼭岩 次⽣环境 次⽣加⼤ 次⽣矿物 次⽣异常 次透辉⽯ 粗⾯结构 脆性变形 淬⽕熔体 翠峰⼭群 达西定律 ⼤别岩群 ⼤⾻节病 ⼤红峪组 ⼤陆边缘 ⼤陆地震 ⼤陆漂移 ⼤青⼭矿 ⼤荞地组 单孔抽⽔ 单位层型 单斜辉⽯ 单斜晶系 单轴晶体 倒易格⼦ 倒转褶皱 导⽔系数 道芬双晶 登楼库组 等变质级 等厚线图 等键结构 等煤级线 等⽔位线 等⽔压线 等同周期 等斜褶皱 等轴晶系 低压相系 底辟作⽤ 地层对⽐ 地层分类 地层分区 地层规范 地层划分 地层界线 地层剖⾯ 地层圈闭 地层指南 地缝合线 地裂运动 地⾯沉降 地⾯运动 地球磁性 地球化学 地球科学 地热⼯业 地热活动 地热梯度 地热系统 地热异常 地下⼯程 地下热⽔ 地下⽔质 地质构造 地质环境 地质⼒学 地质年表 地质时期 地质事件 地质灾害 地质作⽤ 地幔隆起 递变层理 递进变形 电模拟法 电⼦探针 电⼦衍射 钓鱼岛⽯ 叠层构造 叠加异常 叠加褶皱 叠⽣矿床 叠套矿床 叠⽡构造 东岗岭阶 东岗岭期 东岗岭组 冻蓝闪⽯ 陡⼭沱组 ⾖状构造 独⼭⼦组 断层擦⾯ 断层地震 断层陡坎 断层滑移 断层圈闭 断层拖曳 堆积阶地 堆积平原 对称褶皱 对流循环 盾形⽕⼭ 多尔格阶 多尔格期 多孔介质 多块滑动 多年冻⼟ 多型变体 惰性⽓体 ⼆长结构 ⼆马营组 ⼆⼗⾯体 翻卷褶皱 钒钡铜矿 钒钙铀矿 凡兰吟阶 凡兰吟期 反伸中⼼ 反应速率 反应系列 泛滥平原 ⽅解⽯化 放热地⾯ 放射⾍岩 放射性⽔ ⾮常光线 ⾮均匀流 ⾮完整井 ⾮稳定流 飞仙关组 沸⽯矿床 分层作⽤ 分带序列 分馏机理 分馏曲线 分馏系数 分馏效应 分流河段 分凝作⽤ 分配系数 分散系数 分散元素 分选指数 分异指数 分域采样 粉屑灰岩 风化矿床 风化作⽤ 氟碳铈矿 弗拉斯阶 弗拉斯期 俯冲断层 腐泥褐煤 腐泥烟煤 副⽚⿇岩 复发间隔 复合层型 复合⽕⼭ 复活断层 复稀⾦矿 ⾩平阶段 ⾩平岩群 负荷铸型 富集系数 富⽔程度 富营养化 富铀岩体 钙铬榴⽯ 钙碱指数 钙铝榴⽯ 钙铁辉⽯ 钙铁榴⽯ 钙质⽚岩 ⼲盐湖相 ⼲燥指数 ⼲蒸汽⽥ 刚性板块 缸筒设备 ⾼度效应 ⾼岭⼟化 ⾼铝矿物 ⾼压相系 ⾼于庄组 ⾼原冰川 ⾼焓流体 ⾰⽼河组 格舍尔阶 格舍尔期 格⼦采样 铬铁矿浆 ⼯程地震 汞型矿化 共⽣矿物 共轭断层 共轭节理 沟弧盆系 构造剥蚀 构造变动 构造层次 构造超压 构造单元 构造地震 构造⽅向 构造复合 构造格架 构造阶段 构造类型 构造联合 构造模式 构造盆地 构造侵位 构造圈闭 构造体系 构造图式 构造线条 构造型式 构造形迹 构造序列 构造旋回 构造样式 构造作⽤ 构造拗陷 古城⼦组 古地磁场 古地磁极 古地磁学 古地理图 古地理学 古⽓候学 古⽣态学 古铜辉⽯ 古元古代 古元古界 古陨击坑 ⾻架灰岩 固结试验 固结系数 固结作⽤ 观⾳桥组 光性⽅位 光性异常 硅碱指数 硅孔雀⽯ 硅铝层上 硅铝矿物 硅镁层上 硅硼钙⽯ 硅铍⽯化 贵橄榄⽯ 哈得孙期 骸晶结构 海滨砂矿 海底扩张 海底喷发 海底热泉 海西阶段 海洋化探 海洋环境 含煤岩系 含⽔层系 含⽔岩组 含氧系数 含铀硅岩 含铀页岩 含油地层 含油⾯积 含油⽓区 含油⽓省 航空化探 核年代学 和尚沟组 合成矿物 河⼝湾相 河流阶地 ⿊电⽓⽯ 痕量元素 横向分带 洪⽔庄组 红花园组 红外光谱 厚⽪构造 后冲断层 后⽣成岩 后⽣矿床 后⽣异常 后⽣作⽤ 弧后扩张 弧后盆地 弧前盆地 花岗结构 华⼒西期 滑⽯板阶 滑⽯板期 滑⽯板组 滑⽯矿床 滑⽯⽚岩 滑塌构造 滑陷构造 化学物种 化学形式 环带组构 环境背景 环境变迁 环境储库 环境规划 环境监测 环境界⾯ 环境介质 环境模拟 环境评价 环境区划 环境容量 环境退化 环境污染 环境效应 环境要素 环境异常 环境因⼦ 环境影响 环境质量 环境⾃净 环状岩墙 还原环境 幻数规则 黄家磴组 黄钾铁矾 黄砷榴⽯ 黄铁矿床 煌斑结构 辉长结构 辉绿结构 辉砷钴矿 会聚边界 混合晶体 混合模型 混合岩浆 混杂堆积 活动断层 活动构造 活动褶皱 活性碳法 ⽕⼭地震 ⽕⼭构造 ⽕⼭活动 ⽕⼭机构 ⽕⼭机体 ⽕⼭⼝湖 ⽕⼭通道 ⽕⼭旋回 ⽕⼭岩相 ⽕⼭韵律 ⽕⼭渣锥 ⽕⼭作⽤ ⽕⼭穹丘 击变玻璃 基底胶结 基堵拉组 基威诺群 基准温度 集群绝灭 集中载荷 挤出构造 季节冻⼟ 寄⽣褶皱 嘉陵江组 加⾥东期 钾盐矿床 假等时线 假蓝宝⽯ 间粒结构 间歇分带 间歇熔融 间隐结构 碱性环境 碱性系列 简单剪切 健康效应 建筑材料 降解作⽤ 胶结类型 胶体沉积 胶状构造 交错层理 交代结构 交代作⽤ 交换平衡 交织结构 ⾓闪⽯岩 ⾓闪岩相 接触胶结 阶段加温 结构要素 结构因⼦ 结晶基底 结晶⽚岩 结晶指数 界线层型 界线粘⼟ 介电常量 介壳灰岩 ⾦伯利岩 ⾦刚光泽 ⾦沙江⽯ ⾦属光泽 ⾦属矿床 ⾦属矿物 ⾦属镍铁 紧闭褶皱 晋宁阶段 晶胞参数 晶簇构造 晶带符号 晶带指数 晶洞构造 晶⾯指数 晶体测⾓ 晶体对称 晶体光学 晶体结构 晶体取向 晶体缺陷 晶体习性 晶体印痕 晶质铀矿 经济矿床 井涌⽔量 景⼉峪组 静⼒触探 静⽌⽔位 九佛堂组 九龙⼭组 局部背景 局部平衡 聚合模型 聚合作⽤ 聚煤盆地 聚煤作⽤ 聚⽚双晶 绢云母化 绝对丰度 绝热压缩 均键结构 均匀应变 喀斯特泉 喀斯特⽔ 喀斯特相 喀斯特柱 卡洛维阶 卡洛维期 开阔台地 开阔褶皱 凯诺拉期 康定岩群 颗粒灰岩 颗粒形状 颗粒组构 科马提岩 壳层规则 可疑地体 克拉通化 空间化学 孔隙胶结 孔隙溶液 孔隙体积 孔隙压⼒ 寇家村组 块断作⽤ 块体运动 块状构造 矿产开发 矿产勘查 矿产普查 矿床模式 矿床品位 矿化流体 矿化作⽤ 矿井疏⼲ 矿坑排⽔ 矿物合成 矿物化学 矿物物性 矿物相变 矿物相律 矿物组合 扩散分馏 扩散作⽤ 扩张速率 拉斑系列 拉伸线理 兰代洛阶 兰代洛期 兰维恩阶 兰维恩期 ⽼红砂岩 ⽼虎台组 累积系数 累积因⼦ 累积作⽤ 类质同象 冷⽔沟组 犁形断层 离散边界 离⼦交换 离⼦探针 栗⼦沟组 砾屑灰岩 粒硅镁⽯ 粒泥灰岩 粒序层理 沥青铀矿 沥青质体 莲花⼭阶 莲花⼭期 莲花⼭组 连续反应 亮甲⼭组 亮晶灰岩 裂⾕作⽤ 磷酸盐岩 磷型矿化 临界浓度 鳞绿泥⽯ 淋积矿床 榴辉岩相 硫砷钌矿 刘家沟组 瘤状构造 流动构造 流⾯构造 流体超压 流体对流 流纹结构 流线构造 六⼋⾯体 六⽅晶系 龙华⼭组 龙马溪阶 龙马溪期 龙马溪组 龙王庙阶 龙王庙期 龙王庙组 陆地环境 陆内碰撞 吕梁阶段 吕珀尔阶 吕珀尔期 绿钙闪⽯ 绿泥⽯化 绿⽚岩相 绿纤⽯相 绿柱⽯化 伦坡拉群 螺型位错 罗德洛世 罗德洛统 罗惹坪组 ⿇粒岩相 埋藏阶地 脉动分带 脉状构造 芒硝矿床 ⽑细管⽔ 梅内夫阶 梅内夫期 梅树村阶 梅树村期 梅树村组 煤层对⽐ 煤层分叉 煤地质学 煤化作⽤ 煤矿地质 镁电⽓⽯ 镁铝榴⽯ 镁钠闪⽯ 镁铁闪⽯ 镁铁质岩 镁星叶⽯ 镁橄榄⽯ 门卡墩组 蒙脱⽯化 锰铝榴⽯ 糜棱结构 糜棱岩化 弥散系数 ⽶勒指数 蜜黄长⽯ ⾯⾦属量 ⾯⼼格⼦ ⾯状构造 敏感系数 敏感粘⼟ 明化镇组 模拟实验 模式年龄 莫⽒硬度 莫斯科阶 莫斯科期 墨西拿阶 墨西拿期 ⽊栓质体 钠铁闪⽯ 那⾼岭阶 那⾼岭期 那⾼岭组 纳缪尔阶 纳缪尔期 耐⽕材料 南津关组 内陆盆地 内⽣异常 内⽣作⽤ 能动断层 泥河湾组 泥晶灰岩 泥粒灰岩 泥屑灰岩 逆冲断层 逆向分带 年龄测定 鸟眼构造 聂拉⽊群 镍黄铁矿 凝灰结构 凝聚作⽤ 凝析⽓⽥ 浓度梯度 浓集系数 浓集中⼼ 诺依曼线 偶数规则 帕特森图 喷流矿床 彭志忠⽯ 硼镁铁矿 膨胀压⼒ 批次熔融 披覆构造 劈裂试验 ⽪壳状脉 ⽚状构造 平衡常数 平衡剖⾯ 平衡相图 平⾯偏振 平推断层 平卧矿体 平卧褶皱 平⾏层理 平⾏消光 平⾏褶皱 平移断层 破坏变形 破⽕⼭⼝ 普遍回返 普通辉⽯ 谱系采样 骑⽥岭矿 器官系数 ⽓孔构造 汽⽔分离 铅直断距 铅直运动 前寒武纪 前陆台地 前缘断坡 前造⼭期 潜⽕⼭相 潜⽕⼭岩 潜⼭圈闭 浅孔测温 浅⾊矿物 蔷薇辉⽯ 侵⼊接触 侵蚀基⾯ 侵蚀阶地 亲⽓元素 亲⽯元素 亲铁元素 亲铜元素 亲氧过程 青⽩⼝纪 青⽩⼝群 青⽩⼝系 青铝闪⽯ 青磐岩化 青⼭⼝组 倾滑分量 丘状层理 球粒陨⽯ 球状构造 区域背景 区域环境 去⽓作⽤ 去⽯膏化 全对称性 全球环境 全形对称 群孔抽⽔ 热储⼯程 热卤⽔库 热泉矿床 热液矿床 热液蚀变 热液通道 热重分析 ⼈⼯地震 ⼈为排放 ⼈造矿物 韧性变形 ⽇光榴⽯ ⽇喀则群 融冻作⽤ 熔离矿床 熔融曲线 熔岩隧道 溶洞充填 蠕⾍结构 蠕绿泥⽯ 软化系数 瑞利分馏 弱透⽔层 萨布哈相 塞⼘哈相 塞诺曼阶 塞诺曼期 三⽅晶系 三⽅双锥 三⾓洲相 三⽔铝⽯ 三斜晶系 砂屑灰岩 砂质粘⼟ 沙河街组 ⼭间盆地 ⼭麓冰川 闪斜煌岩 闪正煌岩 上层滞⽔ 上冲断层 蛇绿岩套 蛇纹⽯化 射线衍射 伸展构造 深⼤断裂 深熔作⽤ 肾状构造 渗透回流 渗透溶液 渗透系数 ⽣长断层 ⽣命元素 ⽣态平衡 ⽣物富集 ⽣物降解 ⽣物净化 ⽣物累积 ⽣物钻孔 ⽣油门限 绳状熔岩 施密特⽹ 湿蒸汽⽥ ⽯膏矿床 ⽯膏试板 ⽯榴⼦⽯ ⽯棉矿床 ⽯墨矿床 ⽯⽜栏阶 ⽯⽜栏期 ⽯⽜栏组 ⽯泡构造 ⽯千峰组 ⽯铁陨⽯ ⽯盐矿床 ⽯英斑岩 ⽯英砂岩 ⽯油产量 ⽯油产状 ⽯油聚集 ⽰底构造 释⽔系数 试点测量 梳状构造 疏勒河组 双变质带 双六⾯体 双重构造 双轴晶体 ⽔化学场 ⽔⼒联系 ⽔⼒梯度 ⽔量平衡 ⽔泥原料 ⽔平层理 ⽔平断距 ⽔平分带 ⽔平运动 ⽔热爆炸 ⽔热反应 ⽔热活动 ⽔热矿床 ⽔热流体 ⽔热喷发 ⽔热蚀变 ⽔热通道 ⽔热系统 ⽔碳硼⽯ ⽔位降深 ⽔系异常 ⽔下滑移 ⽔星叶⽯ ⽔型矿床 ⽔岩作⽤ ⽔云母化 ⽔质标准 ⽔质分析 ⽔质评价 顺向分带 斯蒂芬阶 斯蒂芬期 斯特隆阶 斯特隆期 撕裂断层 丝光沸⽯ 丝绢光泽 四⽅晶系 四⽅台组 四六⾯体 松散结构 苏斯效应 塑性变形 酸性⽩⼟ 酸性环境 随机采样 碎裂结构 碎裂作⽤ 碎屑结构 碎屑岩墙 索尔⽡阶 索尔⽡期 它形粒状 塔内特阶 塔内特期 台地边缘 泰⼭岩群 碳酸盐岩 碳质页岩 探途元素 汤耙沟组 陶瓷原料 陶粒原料 腾冲铀矿 体积系数 体⼼格⼦ 天然⽓液 天体化学 条纹长⽯ 条纹结构 铁⽩云⽯ 铁铝榴⽯ 铁镁矿物 铁镁指数 铁型矿化 铁橄榄⽯ 铁锂云母 同化作⽤ 同⽣变形 同⽣矿床 同⽣异常 同⽣作⽤ 同⼼褶皱 同造⼭期 同质多象 同质⼆象 同质三象 铜铀云母 筒状褶皱 透长⽯相 图阿尔阶 图阿尔期 ⼟城⼦组 ⼟壤胶体 ⼟壤异常 ⼟质改良 团⼭⼦组 褪⾊作⽤ 托莫特阶 托莫特期 脱⽔实验 椭圆偏振 洼状层理 ⽡克灰岩 歪斜褶皱 外来岩块 外来岩体 外⽣作⽤ 弯滑褶皱 弯流褶皱 弯曲褶皱 顽⽕辉⽯ 烷烃馏分 ⽹格构造 微迹元素 微晶灰岩 微镜惰煤 微三合煤 微稳定煤 微斜长⽯ 围岩蚀变 维⽒硬度 纬度效应 。
地质专业英语词汇
地质专业词汇abandon 废弃abandoned mine 废弃矿山abatis 通风隔墙ablation 剥蚀ablation breccia 剥蚀角砾岩ablation moraine 消融碛ablation till 消融碛abnormal 异常的abnormal metamorphism 异常变质酌abrade 剥蚀abrasion 海蚀abrasion platform 磨蚀台地abrasion surface 浪蚀面abrasion terrace 磨蚀阶地abrazite 多水高岭土absarokite 正边玄武岩absolute age 绝对年龄absolute chronology 绝对年代学absolute dating 绝对年代测定absolute porosity 绝对孔隙率absolute pressure 绝对压力absorbed water 吸附水absorbent 吸收剂abundance 丰度abundance of elements 元素丰度abundance of isotopes 同位素丰度abundance ratio of isotopes 同位素相对丰度abysmal deposits 深海沉积物abyss 深海abyssal 深海的abyssal benthic zone 深渊底栖带abyssal deposits 深海沉积物abyssal facies 深海相abyssal hills province 深海丘陵区abyssal injection 深成贯入abyssal rock 深成岩abyssal sediments 深海沉积物accompanying mineral 伴生矿物accordion fold 棱角褶皱accretion 冲积层、增生楔accretion gley 结核潜育层acid base equilibrium 酸碱平衡acid humus 酸性腐殖质acid plagioclase 酸性斜长石acid rock 酸性岩acid soil 酸性土acid solution 酸性溶液acre foot 英亩英尺active volcano 活火山adit 平峒adjacent rock 围岩adjacent sea 边缘海adobe 灰质粘土age determination 时代鉴定age spectra 年龄谱agent of erosion 侵蚀力air volcano 气火山airborne electromagnetics 航空电磁法airborne magnetic prospecting 航空磁法勘探airborne magnetometer 航空地磁仪airborne remote sensing 航空遥感algae 藻类algal coal 藻煤alkali 碱alkali basaet 碱性玄武岩allochthonous 外来的allochthonous coal 异地生成煤alluvial 冲积的alluvial apron 山麓冲积扇alluvial channel 冲积河道alluvial deposit 冲积层alluvial fan 冲积扇alluvial plain 冲积平原alpides 阿尔卑斯造山带alpine orogeny 阿尔卑斯造山运动alpine type vein 阿尔卑斯型矿脉alpinotype tectonics 阿尔卑斯型构造alteration 蚀变alteration halo 蚀变晕altered mineral 蚀变矿物alternant 交替的alternating layers 互层ammonites 菊石类amount 总计amount of evaporation 蒸发量amount of precipitation 降水量ampelite 黄铁炭质页岩amygdaloidal 杏仁状的amygdaloidal structure 杏仁状构造analysis by sedimentation 沉积分析anamorphic zone 合成变质带anamorphism 合成变质ancient channel 古河道ancient landform 古地形angiospermous 被子的angiosperms 被子植物angle of inclination 倾斜角angle of strike 走向角度angle of subsidence 陷落角angular 有角的angular discordance 斜交不整合anhydrite 硬石膏arenaceous 砂屑的arenaceous rock 砂质岩arenaceous texture 砂质结构arenes 粗砂arenopelitic 砂泥质的arenose 粗砂质的argillaceous 泥质的argillaceous limestone 泥质灰岩argillite 泥岩argillization 泥化arid basin 干燥盆地arid peneplain 干旱准平原arid zone 干旱带aridity coefficient 干燥系数aridity index 干燥指数arithmetical averaging thickness 算术平均厚度ash free 无灰分的ash structure 火山灰构造asymmetrical 不对称的asymmetrical anticline 不对称背斜augen structure 眼状构造autochthonous 原地的autochthonous coal 原地生成煤autochthonous deposit 原地沉积autochthonous fold 原地褶皱aven 落水洞back swamp 河漫滩沼泽backfill 充填balance 平衡balance resources 表内储量band 带;夹层banded 带状的banded coal 条带状煤barren bed 哑层barren of coal 不含煤的basal complex 基底杂岩basal conglomerate 底砾岩basal sandstone 基底砂岩basal structure 基底构造basalt 玄武岩basanite 碧玄岩basement 基底basement nappe 基底推复体basin 盆地basite 基性岩bathyal deposit 次深海沉积bathyal facies 半深海相bathyal zone 半深海带beat 露头bed 层bed succesion 层序bed vein 板状脉bedded vein 板状脉bedding 层理bedding fault 层面断层bedding foliation 顺层面理bedding joint 层状节理bedding thrust 层面冲断层bedrock 基岩beds pattern 河床型式bench 海蚀平台bench mining 阶梯式开采bend 弯曲bending fold 弯曲褶皱benioff zone 贝尼奥夫夫带benthonic 底栖的benthos 底栖生物bentonic organism 底栖生物biochron 生物年代biochronology 生物年代学bioclast 生物碎屑岩bioclastic rock 生物碎屑岩biocoenose 生物群落biocoenosis 生物群落biotite 黑云母biotite andesite 黑云安山岩biotitization 黑云母化bismalith 岩柱bismuth 铋bismuth glance 辉铋矿bit 钻头bit pressure 钻压bit weight 钻压bitumen 沥青bituminization 沥青化bituminous coal 烟煤bituminous shale 沥青质页岩bitummen ratio 沥青比值black iron ore 磁铁矿black jack 铁闪锌矿black lead 石墨blast furnace 高炉blasthole 炮眼blasthole drilling 钻炮眼blasting 爆破blasting cap 雷管bleached zone 淋溶带blind fault 隐伏断层blind ore body 盲矿体blind shaft 盲井blind valley 盲谷blind zone 盲区block 滑车block and tackle 滑轮组block caving 分块崩开采法block mountain 断块山block movement 地块运动block structure 块状结构block upwarping 地块隆起blowaut 井喷blowing 井喷bog 沼地bog formation 沼泽化bog iron ore 沼铁矿bog peat 低位泥炭boghead 藻煤boghead coal 藻煤boiling line 钢丝绳bolson 干燥盆地bomb 火山弹bonanza 富矿体bore hole 钻孔bore pit 探井borer 钻工boring 钻进boring bar 钻杆boring bit 钻头boring head 钻头boring machine 钻机boring method 钻井方法boring pump 钻眼用泵boring rod 钻杆boring rod set 钻杆装置boring rope 钻机用的钢丝绳boring stick 土钻boring tube 钻管boring with line 钢绳冲唤钻进boudinage 香肠构造bouguer anomaly 布格异常bouguer gravity anomaly 布格重力异常boundary 边界boundary conditions 边界条件boundary layer 边界层boundary line 界线bourne 间歇河box fold 箱状褶皱brachy fold 短褶皱brachyanticline 短背斜brachysyncline 短向斜branch 枝branch line 支线branch vein 支脉bright coal 光亮型煤broad leaved forest 阔叶林broad leaved tree 阔叶树brown algae 褐藻类brown coal 褐煤brown mud 褐泥bryophyta 苔藓植物bryophytes 苔藓植物bryozoa 苔藓动物类bulk flotation 全浮选bulk sampling 大块取样burgy 煤粉burial metamorphism 埋藏变质buried karst 埋藏型岩溶butte 孤山cable belt 缆摔带运输机caking ability 粘结度caking coal 粘结煤caking index 粘结指数caking property 粘结性calc alkali granite 钙碱花岗岩calcite 方解石caledonian folding 加里东褶皱caledonian orogeny 加里东造山运动carat 克拉carbargillite 碳质页岩carboapatite 碳酸磷灰石carbohydrate 碳水化合物carbon 碳carbon compound 碳化合物carbonate 碳酸盐carbonate rock 碳酸盐岩carbonate sediments 碳酸盐质沉积carbonatite 碳酸盐岩carbonic period 石炭纪carboniferous 石炭纪的carboniferous period 石炭纪cataclasite 碎裂岩cataclastic 碎裂的catastrophic theory 灾变论catastrophism 灾变论category 类category of reserves 储量级别cavern 岩洞cavern water 溶洞水cavernous 洞穴状的caving 塌落caving line 崩落线cavity filling deposit 洞穴填充矿床cement bond logging 固井测井cement grout 水泥浆cement mortar 水泥砂浆cement seal 水泥封闭cement slurry 水泥浆cement substance 粘合质cement water factor 水灰比cement water ratio 水灰比cementation 胶结cementation borehole 水泥灌浆钻孔cementation zone 胶结带cementing 水泥灌浆cementum 水泥质cenozoic 新生代cenozoic era 新生代central plain 湖心平原central type volcano 中心式火山chain silicates 链硅酸盐chalk 上白垩纪;白垩chamber of ore 矿袋chambered vein 囊状矿脉champion vein 巨矿脉change in type of geosyncline 地槽类型转化channel precipitation 河道沉淀chert 燧石chronolithologic unit 年代地层单位chronologic scale 地质年代表chronology 年代学circum pacific 环太平洋的circum pacific calc alkaline petrographic province 环太平洋钙碱性岩石区civil engineering 土木工程clarain 亮煤clarite 亮煤clarke number 克拉克值clarodurite 微亮暗煤clasolite 碎屑岩cleat 割理clino unconformity 斜交不整合clinometer 地质罗盘closed fault 闭合断层closed fold 闭合褶皱closed joint 闭式节理cluster 群;串coal 煤coal accumulating basin 聚煤盆地coal accumulating palaeostructure 聚煤古构造coal analysis 煤分析coal ash fusion temperature 煤灰熔点coal ball 煤层石球coal basin 煤盆地coal bearing formation 含煤地层coal bearing property 含煤性coal bearing ratio 含煤系数coal carbonization 煤之碳化coal deposits 煤矿床coal diagenesis 煤成岩酌coal district 煤产地coal dressing 选煤coal field 煤田coal field gas 煤田气coal for gasification 气化用煤coal forming period 聚煤期coal forming process 成煤酌coal gas 煤气coal geology 煤炭地质学coal measures 煤系coal metamorphism 煤变质酌coal mine 煤矿coal miner 煤矿工coal mining 采煤coal oil mixture 煤焦油混合物coal petrology 煤岩学coal preserving structure 赋煤构造coal property 煤质coal reserves 煤储量coal seam 煤层coalescing alluvial fan 复合冲积扇coalification 煤化酌coalification jump 煤化酌跃变coalman 煤矿工coaly 含煤的coarse grained texture 粗粒结构coarse sand 粗砂coarsness 粗粒度coastal plain 海滨平原coastal sand dune 海岸沙丘coastal terrace 海岸阶地coastal vegetation 海滨植被coastline 海岸线coating 覆盖层code minier 矿山法则code of stratigraphic nomenclature 地层命名法规coeffcient of volume compressibility 体积压缩系数coefficient 系数coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数coefficient of consolidation 固结系数coefficient of discharge 量系数coefficient of elasticity 弹性系数coefficient of expansion 膨胀系数coefficient of friction 摩擦系数coefficient of permeability 渗透系数coefficient of relaxation 松弛系数coefficient of restitution 抗冲系数coefficient of safety 安全系数coefficient of uniformity 均匀系数coefficient of variation 变化系数coefficient of variation of grade 品位变化系数coefficient of viscosity 粘滞系数coeruleite 铜矿coke 焦炭coke button 焦渣coking 焦化coking capacity 结焦性coking coal 炼焦煤coking property 结焦性coking quality 结焦性collapse 崩落collapse basin 塌陷盆地collapse caldera 塌陷破火山口collapse doline 塌陷漏斗collapse lake 塌陷湖colony 群体columnar ore shoot 矿柱columnar section 地层柱状剖面图columnar structure 柱状构造compaction 压缩compaction fold 致密褶皱compensate 补偿compensating method 补偿法compensation 补偿compensation depth 补偿深度compensation point 补偿点compensation water 补偿水compensator 补偿器complex fault 复断层complex fold 复褶皱complex rock 复合岩concentrating mill 选矿厂concentration 浓度concentration gradient 浓度梯度concession 开采权condition of similarity 相似条件conditional equilibrium 条件平衡conditional instability 条件性不稳定性conduit 火山口conformable 整合的conformable contact 整合接触conjugate faults 共轭断层conjugate point 共轭点conjugate shear planes 共轭剪切面conjugate stress 共轭应力conjugated joint 共轭节理contact metamorphic deposit 接触变质矿床contact metamorphic zone 接触变质带contact metamorphism 接触变质contact metasomatism 接触交代contact mineral 接触矿物contact plane 接触面contemporaneous 同时的contemporaneous deformation structure 同生变形构造contemporaneous erosion 同时侵蚀contemporaneous fault 同生断层contemporaneous heterotopic facies 同时异相content 品位content of gas 瓦斯含量continental facies 陆相continental flysch formation 陆相复理式建造continental river 大陆河continental sea 内陆海continental sediment 陆相沉积continental shelf 陆棚continental slope 大陆坡coral 珊瑚core 岩心core analysis 岩心分析core bit 岩心钻头core boring method 取心钻探法core breaker 岩心提取器core drill 岩心钻core drilling 岩心钻进core extractor 岩心提取器core grabber 岩心爪correlation of coal seams 煤层对比correlation of strata 地层对比correlation table 对比表craton 稳定地块cratonization 克拉通化酌cretaceous period 白垩纪crozzling coal 炼焦煤crude oil 原油crust of weathering 风化壳crustal fault 地壳断裂cryptodome 潜圆丘cryptovolcanic structure 潜火山构造cryptozoic eons 隐生宙crystal 晶体cuticle 角质层cuticular 表皮的debris 岩屑debris cone 冲积锥debris soil 岩屑土deep focus earthquake 深源地震deep fold 基底褶曲deep karst channel 深岩溶洞deep sea deposit 深海沉积deep sea drilling 大洋钻探deep sea floor 深海底deep seated weathering 深层风化deep seismic sounding dss 深地震测深deep weathering 深层风化deep well drilling 深孔钻进deep well turbine pump 深钻孔涡轮泵defile 山谷deflation 风蚀deformation 应变deformation band 变形带degasify 脱瓦斯degass 脱瓦斯degree of hardness 硬度delta 三角洲delta deposit 三角洲沉积delta lake 三角洲湖deltaic coast 三角洲海岸dendrochronology 年轮年代学deposit of sedimentary origin 沉积成因矿床deposition factor 沉积因子deposition rate 沉积速度depositional surface 沉积面depositional system 沉积体系desert deposit 沙漠沉积物desert lake 沙漠湖development machine 掘进机development well 确定油田边界的井devonian 泥盆纪devonian period 泥盆纪dewater 排水dewatering 脱水dewatering pump 排水泵diameter of bore 钻孔直径diameter of particles 粒径diamond anvile 金刚石测钻diamond bit 金刚石钻头diamond boring 金刚石钻进diamond drilling 金刚石钻进diamond drilling bit 金刚石钻头discordance 不整合discordant 不整一的discordant age 不整合年龄discordant batholith 不整合岩基discordant bedding 不整合层理discordant injection 不整合侵入discordant intrusive 不整合侵入岩体dislocation 断层dislocation breccia 断层角砾岩dislocation metamorphism 断错变质dome 穹顶dome mountain 穹形山dome shaped fold 穹状褶皱dome shaped volcano 穹状火山dome structure 穹窿构造dormant volcano 休火山drill hole 钻孔drill rig 钻机drill rod 钻杆drill steel 钻钢drill stem 钻杆driller's log 钻井记录drilling bit 钻头drilling derrick 钻塔drilling exploration 钻探drilling rig 钻机drilling technique 钻探技术drilling template 井口盘drilling unit 钻井装置drilling with direct circulation of mud 泥浆正向循环钻进drillings 钻孔碎屑dry analysis 干法分析dry gas 干瓦斯durain 暗煤dyas 二迭系dyke 岩脉dynamic geology 动力地质学dynamic geomorphology 动力地貌学galery 巷道gangue 脉石gangue rock 脉石岩gap 峡谷;间隙;海谷gap in the succession of strata 地层间断gas coal 气煤gas flame coal 长焰煤gasify 煤气化enetic type of ore deposit 矿床成因类型genetic types of coal 煤成因类型geoanticline 地背斜geoarchaeology 地质考古学geoastronomy 宇宙地质学geobarometer 地质压力计geobasin 地盆geochemical 地球化学的geochemical anomaly 地球化学异常geochemical balance 地球化学均衡geochemical behavior 地球化学性状geochemical behaviour of elements 元素的地球化学性状geochronology 地质年代学geochronometry 地质年代测定法geodynamics 地质力学geogeny 地球成因学geographical latitude 地理纬度geographical longitude 地理经度geologic setting 地质构造geologic time 地质年代geological age 地质时代geological background 地质背景geological compass 地质罗盘geological conditions 地质条件geological record 地质编录geological reserves 地质储量geological section 地质剖面geological survey 地质勘查geotectonic map 大地构造图geotectonics 大地构造学gneiss 片麻岩gneissic 片麻状的grade of coal 煤级grance coal 光亮型煤granite 花岗岩grit 粗砂岩grout 水泥浆guyot 平顶海山hand drilling 人工打钻heading machine 掘进机high moor 高位沼泽high volatile bituminous coal a 气煤high volatile bituminous coal b 长焰煤high volatile bituminous coal c 焰煤hillside creep 滑坡hoist 升起hoisting cable 提升铜丝绳hoisting crane 升降起重机hole boring 井孔钻进hole deviation 钻眼偏斜hole drilling 井孔钻进hole mouth 井口hole size 钻孔直径holespacing 炮眼间距holocene 全新世horizontal angle 水平角horizontal fault 水平断层horizontal slip 水平滑动horizontal stratum 水平岩层horst 地垒horst block mountain 地垒式断块山humate 腐殖酸盐humic acid 胡敏酸humic coal 腐殖煤humification 腐殖化humin 胡敏素huminite 腐殖煤humosapropelic coal 腐殖腐泥煤humus 腐殖质hydrogeochemical prospecting 水文地球化学勘探hydrostatic pressure 静水压力hydrothermal deposit 热液矿床hypabyssal 半深成的hypautochthonous coal 微异地生成煤hypsographic map 等高线地形图ice age 冰期ice barrier 冰障ice cap 冰帽idiochromatic 自色的igneous 火成的igneous rock 火成岩imbricate 叠瓦状imbricated fault 叠瓦状断层imbricated structure 叠瓦构造imbricated texture 叠瓦状结构immediate roof 直接顶immerse 浸入impact 冲击碰撞impact crusher 冲撞破碎机impermeability 不渗透性impermeable seam 不透水层impervious bed 不透水层impervious horizon 不透水层impregnate 浸染impregnated structure 浸染状构造impregnation 浸透impregnation deposit 浸染矿床impsonite 焦性沥青incipient peneplain 初期准平原incipient peneplane 初期准平原inclination 倾角inclined bed 倾斜层inclined boring 倾斜钻进inclined drilling 倾斜钻进inclined fold 歪斜褶皱inclined plane 倾斜面inclined seam 斜矿层inclined shaft 斜井inclined slice 倾斜分层incompetent bed 弱岩层induced fan 抽风机induced infiltration 诱导渗透industrial classification of coal 煤工业分类industrial grade 工业品位inferred reserves 推算储量infrastructure 下层构造infusorial earth 硅藻土ingression 海侵inherent ash 固有灰分initial dip 原始倾斜initial form 原始地形inland 内地inland basin 内陆盆地inland lake 内陆湖inland sea 内海inlet 峡湾interbedded 夹层的interbedded stratum 夹层interbedding 互层intercalary strata 夹层intercontinental sea 陆间海intercratonic basin 克拉通内盆地interglacial 间冰期的interglacial epoch 间冰期interior basin 内陆盆地interlayer 夹层intermediate hinterland 中间地块intermediate massif 中间地块intermediate rock 中性岩intermount basin 山间盆地interpolation 内插法interregional unconformity 区域不整合intrusion 侵入intrusive rock 侵入岩inverted fold 倒转褶皱inverted order 倒转层位isobath 等深线isohypse 等高线isopach 等厚线isopach map 等厚图isotopic age determination 用同位素的时代测定isotopic analysis 同位素分析isotopic dating 用同位素的时代测定jack hammer 凿岩锤jet 煤精joint 节理;关节joint set 节理组joint surface 节理面jura 侏罗纪jurassic period 侏罗纪kaolin 高岭土kaolinite 高岭石karst 岩溶karst denudation plane 岩溶剥蚀面karst landform 岩溶地貌karst landscape 岩溶景观karstenite 硬石膏katamorphism 碎裂变质katazone 深变质带kink 弯曲kink fold 折带褶曲lacuna 地层缺失lacustrine deposits 湖沉积lacustrine formation 湖积建造lacustrine terrace 湖成阶地lagoon 泻湖lagoon deposits 泻湖沉积lagoon sediments 泻湖沉积land facies 陆相land subsidence 地盘沉陷latitude 纬度lava 熔岩lava bed 熔岩层lava cascade 熔岩瀑布lava column 熔岩柱lava cone 熔岩锥lava crater 熔岩火口lava dome 熔岩穹丘lava flood 熔岩泛lava flow 熔岩流lava sheet 熔岩席layer of shale 夹层layered gneiss 层状片麻岩llead lead method 铅法年龄测定lead zinc ore 铅锌矿leaf by leaf injection 层层侵入legend 图例lens 扁豆状矿体lensoid ore body 透镜状矿体leucocrate 淡色岩leucocratic rock 淡色岩levee 天然堤level 水准level surface 水准面lignification 褐煤化lignified 褐煤化的lignite 褐煤limb 翼limb of fold 褶皱翼limestone 石灰岩limestone cave 灰岩洞linear fold 线状褶皱linked vein 链状矿脉liptobiolith 残植煤lit by lit injection 层层贯入lit par lit intrusion 间层侵入lithofacies 岩相lithofacies map 岩相图lithogenesis 岩石成因lithosphere 岩石圈lithospheric fault 岩圈断裂lithotype 煤岩类型littoral terrace 海滨阶地local unconformity 局部不整合log 钻孔柱状图;测井记录log interpretation 测井记录解释logging 测井long flame coal 长焰煤low volatile bituminous coal 低挥发分烟煤low volatile coal 低挥发分煤lump coal 块煤maceral 煤显微组分macrosporangium 大孢子囊macrospore 大孢子macrosporophyll 大孢子叶macrostratigraphy 宏观地层学macrostructure 宏观结构magma 岩浆magmatic rock 岩浆岩magnetic north 磁北magnetite 磁铁矿malachite 孔雀石malacolite 白透辉石mantle 地幔map interlinking 接图marginal sea 边缘海marginal trough 边缘地槽marine deposit 海洋沉积marine erosion 海蚀marl 泥灰岩marlaceous face 泥灰岩相marsh 沼泽marsh peat 湿地泥炭massif 地块massive 块状的massive coal 块煤mature 成孰的mature stage 壮年期mature valley 壮年谷maturity 壮年期maximum basin relief 最大盆地起伏meadow 草地meagre coal 贫煤measuring reel 卷尺measuring stick 量尺measuring tape 卷尺measuring tube 量筒mechanical weathering 机械风化medium grained sand 中粒沙medium grained texture 中粒结构medium sand 中砂medium thickness seam 中厚层medium volatile bituminous coal 中度挥发烟煤megabreccia 巨形角砾岩meridian 子午线meridional circulation 经向环流meridional structural system 经向构造体系mesocrate 中色岩mesocratic 中色的mesodialyte 中性石mesogeosyncline 陆间地槽meta ripples 不对称波痕metallogenic epoch 成矿时代metallogenic factors 成矿因素metallogenic map 成矿图metallogenic province 成矿区metallogeny 矿床成因论metamorphic 变质的metamorphic deposit 变质矿床metamorphic diffusion 变质扩散酌metamorphic event 变质事件metamorphic facies 变质相metamorphic grade 变质程度metamorphic map 变质图metamorphic reaction 变质反应metamorphic rock 变质岩metasomatism 交代metasomatosis 交代变质metasome 交代矿物mica 云母microspore 小孢子microtectonics 显微构造mid oceanic ridge 洋中脊mid oceanic ridge basalt 中央海脊玄武岩mill 选矿厂mineragenetic province 成矿区mineral 矿物mineral assemblage 矿物集合mineral association 矿物组合mineral composition 矿物成分mineral deposit 矿床mineral occurrence 矿点mineral resources 矿石储量;矿产资源mineralized zone 矿化带minimum mining content 最小可采品位minimum mining thickness 最小可采厚度minimum mining width 最小可采厚度minimum temperature 最低温度minimum workable grade 最低可采品位minimum workable thickness 最低可采厚度mining 矿业;采矿mining losses 开采损失mining right 采矿权miocene 中新世moisture content 水分含量moisture content of coal 煤水分monoclinal 单钭的monoclinal fold 单斜褶皱monoclinal mountain 单面山morass 沼泽moss bog 藓类沼泽mountain range 山脉mountain ridge 山脊mountain system 山系muscovite 白云母muscovite schist 白云母片岩nappe 推复体natrium 钠natural asphalt 天然沥青natural coke 天然焦炭neo ice age 新冰期neogene 新近纪neutral humus 中性腐殖质nickel 镍nickel ore 镍矿nonbedded 非成层的noncoking coal 非粘结性煤nonconformity 不整合normal fault 正断层normal fold 正褶皱normal order 正常层序normal succession 正常层序north latitude 北纬north pole 北极obduction 仰冲obduction plate 仰冲板块obduction zone 仰冲带oblique fault 斜断层oblique fold 斜卧褶皱oblique joint 斜节理offshore 外滨offshore bar 滨外洲oligocene 渐新世onlap 海侵超覆open cut mining 露天采矿open cut ore mine 露天开采矿山open hearth 平炉open pit method 露天开采法ophiolite 蛇绿岩ophiolite formation 蛇绿岩建造ordovician 奥陶纪ore 矿石ore bed 矿层ore deposit 矿床ore dilution 矿石贫化ore formation 矿石建造ore pillar 矿柱ore reserve 矿储藏量orogen 造山地带orogenesis 造山运动orogenic cycle 造山旋回overfold 倒转褶皱overland flow 表面径流overland runoff 地表径流overlap 超复overlying strata 覆层overlying strata of coal measures 煤系盖层overthrust 逆掩断层overthrust block 掩冲体overthrust mass 掩冲体overthrust plane 逆掩断层面overthrust sheet 逆掩层overthrusting plate 上冲板块overturn 倒转overturned anticline 倒转背斜overturned fold 倒转褶皱overturned succession of strata 倒转层序oxidation zone 氧化带oxidation zone of sulphide deposits 硫化物矿床氧化带oxygen content of coal 煤中氧paired metamorphic belt 双变质带paleogene 古近纪paleogeographical map 古地理图paleostructure 古构造paleotectonic 古构造的paleotypal 古相的paleozoic era 古生代paludal 沼泽的paludification 沼泽化paraclase 断层裂缝paraconformity 似整合parallel faults 平行断层parallel folding 平行褶皱parallel growth 平行共生parallel unconformity 假整合parallel vein 平行脉parent rock 母岩pay dirt 可采矿石pay ore 可采矿石peat 泥炭peat bog 泥炭沼泽peat formation 泥炭形成pegmatite 伟晶岩pegmatite deposit 伟晶岩矿床pelagic deposit 深海沉积pelagic facies 远海相pelagic sediment 远海沉积物pelite 泥质岩pelitic 泥质的pelitic rock 泥质岩peneplain 准平原percussion rotary boring 冲积钻钻探percussive rotary drilling 冲积钻钻探periclinal 穹状的periclinal structure 穹状构造peridot 橄榄石peridotite 橄榄岩period 纪periostracum 角质层permian 二叠纪permian period 二叠纪petrofacies 岩相petrographical formation 岩层petrographical province 岩区petrography 岩石学petroleum 石油phreatic rise 地下水上升phreatic zone 潜水带phyllite 千枚岩phyllitic 千枚状的piedmont 山麓piedmont alluvial plain 山前冲积平原piedmont benchland 山麓阶地piedmont glacier 山麓冰川piedmont plain 山麓冲积平原pillow lava 枕状熔岩pillow like 枕状的pillow structure 枕状构造pistacite 绿帘石placer deposit 砂积矿床plain 平原plain of accumulation 堆积平原plain of denudation 剥蚀平原plain of marine erosion 海蚀平原plant ash 植物灰plate 板plate collision 板块碰撞plate kinematics 板块运动学plate margin 板块边缘plate movement 板块运动plate tectonics 板块构造plateau 高原plateau basalt 高原玄武岩platform 台地platform anteclise 台背斜pluvial age 洪积时期polder 堤围泽地possible ore 可能矿量possible reserves 可能储量post glacial age 冰期后的时期post glacial period 冰后期precambrian 前寒武纪primary peneplain 始准平原primary sedimentary structure 原始沉积构造primeval forest 原始森林primitive 原始的probable reserves 可能储量process of crustal movement 地壳运动过程prognostic map 预测图proluvial fan 洪积扇prospect hole 勘探钻孔prospect opening 勘探巷道prospect pit 探井prospect shaft 勘探立井prospect tunnel 勘探平硐prospecting 勘探prospecting bore 勘探钻孔prospecting by drilling 钻进勘探prospecting pit 勘探试坑prospecting well 探井proved ore 证实的矿量proved reserves a级储量proximate analysis of coal 煤工业分析psammite 砂质岩psammitic 砂屑的psammitic rock 砂质岩psephitic 砾状的psephitic rock 砾质岩pulverized coal 粉煤pyrite 黄铁矿quarry 采石场quarrying 露天开采quarternary 第四纪quartz 石英quartz crystal 水晶rain print 雨痕rain rill 雨沟rate of production 生产率rate of recovery 回采率rate of sedimentation 沉淀速度rate of subsidence 沉陷速度raw coal 原煤recovery 回收;采取recovery factor 岩心采取率recovery hook 打捞钩recovery ratio 回采率recrement 矸石reef 礁regression 海退regression analysis 回归分析regressive sequence 海退层序rejects 尾矿relative age 相对时代retrogradation 海蚀后退reverse fault 逆断层rhythm 韵律ridge 海岭riebeckite 钠闪石rift 裂谷rift belt 裂谷带rift valley 中央裂谷rift zone 裂谷带rig 钻探设备right angle 直角rill 小溪rock facies 岩相rock formation 岩系rotary bit 旋转式钻头rotary boring 回转钻探rotary drill 旋转钻机rotary drilling machine 旋转钻机row 煤层run 走向run of mine coal 原煤run of mine ore 原矿rutile 金红石sac shaped 囊状的safe yield 可靠产量sag 凹陷salt dome 盐丘salt lake 盐湖salt marsh 咸沼;盐沼saprolite 腐泥土sapropel 腐殖泥sapropelic coal 腐泥煤sapropelic groundmass 腐泥基质sapropelite 腐泥岩sapropelites 腐泥岩sapropelitic group 腐泥化组saprophages 腐生物saprophytes 腐生物sapropsammite 砂质腐泥scaffold 脚手架schist 片岩schistosity 片理sea level 海平面sea level fluctuation 海面升降sea water intrusion 海水浸入seam floor 底盘seam roof 顶盖岩seam thickness 层厚secondary recovery 二次开采sediment 沉积sedimentary cover 沉积盖层sedimentary cycle 沉积旋回sedimentary deposit 沉积矿床sedimentary formation 沉积建造sedimentary mantle 沉积盖层sedimentary model of coal 煤沉积模式sedimentary nappe 沉积推复体sedimentary rock 沉积岩sedimentary structure 沉积构造sedimentary system 沉积体系sedimentation basin 沉积盆地sedimentation rate 沉淀速度semianthracite 半无烟煤semibituminous coal 半沥青煤semibright coal 半亮煤semidull coal 半暗煤serpentine 蛇纹石serpentite 蛇纹石shield 地盾shiver 页岩siderite 菱铁矿silt 粉砂silting 淤积siltstone 粉砂岩silurian 志留纪slate 板岩slide 滑动slide fault 滑动断裂slime 淤泥sphenoid 楔状sphenolith 岩楔spongy parenchyma 海绵组织spongy spicule 海绵骨针spongy structure 海绵构造spontaneous combustion of coal 煤自燃发火spore 孢子spore bearing plants 孢子植物spore coal 孢子煤spore coat 孢壁sporinite 孢子体sporinitic liptobiolith 孢子残殖煤stable humus 稳定腐植质steep fault 陡角断层steep slope 高倾斜steepness 陡度strand deposits 沿滨沉积strata 地层stratiform 层状的stratiform ore deposit 层状矿床stratigraphic overlap 地层超复stream bed 河床stream channel 河道sstrike 走向strike fault 走向断层strike joint 走向节理strike line 走向线sublittoral zone 潮下带submarine coal field 海底煤田sulfur content of coal 煤中硫量sulfur metasomatism 硫交代table mount 平顶海山table mountain 平顶山table reef 平顶礁tail 尾tail assay 尾料分析tail fin 尾tailings 尾渣tailings grade 尾矿品位talc 滑石talus 山麓talus breccia 倒石锥角砾岩tar sand 沥青沙taxite 斑杂岩technologic properties of coal 煤工艺性tectogene 深坳槽tectonic 构造的tectonic axis 构造轴tectonic basin 构造盆地tectonic facies 构造相tectonic level 构造层位tectonic map 大地构造图temperate climate 温带气候temperate lake 温带湖temperate zone 温带tendency 倾向tensile force 张力tensile strength 抗张强度tensile stress 张应力tension 张力tension deep fracture 张性深断裂tension fracture 张破裂tension joint 张节理terrestrial facies 陆相terrestrial sediments 陆地沉积层terrigenous deposit 陆源沉积test boring 勘探钻井test hole 探井test piece 试验片test pit 探井test well 探井theodolite 经纬仪theory of isostasy 地壳均衡说theory of pediplanation 山麓剥蚀平原学说theory of polycycle 多旋回说thermal capacity 热容量thin bed 薄层thin out of coal seam 煤层尖灭three dimensional seismic method 三维地震勘探法thrust 逆冲断层thrust fault 逆冲断层thrust plane 逆逆断层面tidal current 潮流tidal delta 潮汐三角洲tidal efficiency 潮汐率tidal terrace 后滨阶地tidal zone 潮汐带tide 潮汐tilt 倾斜tilted aquifer 倾斜含水层tilted block 倾斜地块tilted stratum 倾斜层top slicing system 下向分层采矿法topographic map 地形图topography 地形学topset bed 顶积层transgression 海进transgressive injection 不整合侵入transgressive overlap 海侵超覆transgressive unconformity 海侵不整合triassic 三叠期triassic period 三迭纪tropical climate 热带气候tropical lake 热带湖tropical zone 热带true dip 真倾角true thickness 真厚度turf 泥炭turfary 泥炭沼泽ultimate analysis of coal 煤炭元素分析ultimate plain 终平原ultrabasic rock 超基性岩ultrabasite 超基性岩unconformable 不整合的unconformity 不整合underground gasification of coal 煤炭地下气化underground water 地下水underhand stoping 下向梯段回采underlying bed 下伏层underlying seam 下层unsymmetric fold 不对称褶皱upland 高地upland moor 高位沼泽uplifted plain 上升平原upper confining bed 上覆隔水层upper roof 老顶upstream water 上层带水。
水文地质、工程地质常用英文词汇
水文地质、工程地质常用英文词汇1地形地貌 geographic and geomorphic工程地质条件 engineeringgeological conditions地形地貌条件 geographicand geomorphic conditions 地形 land form地貌 geomorphology, relief微地貌 microrelief地貌单元 landformunit, geomorphic unit坡度 grade地形图 relief map河谷 river valley河道 river course河床 river bed(channel)冲沟 gully, gulley, erosiongully,stream(brook)河漫滩 floodplain(valley flat)阶地 terrace冲积平原 alluvialplain三角洲 delta古河道 fossil river course, fossilstreamchannel 冲积扇 alluvial fan洪积扇 diluvial fan坡积裙 talus apron分水岭 divide盆地 basin岩溶地貌 karstland feature, karst landform溶洞 solution cave, karst cave落水洞 sinkhole土洞 Karstic earth cave2地层岩性地层 geostrome (stratum, strata)岩性 lithologic character, rockproperty岩体 rock mass岩层 bed stratum岩层 layer, rock stratum母岩 matrix, parent rock相变 facies change硬质岩 strong rock, film软质岩 weak rock硬质的 competent软质的 incompetent基岩 bedrock岩组 petrofabric覆盖层 overburden交错层理 crossbedding层面 bedding plane片理 schistosity层理 bedding板理（叶理） foliation波痕 ripple-mark泥痕 mud crack雨痕 raindrop imprints造岩矿物 rock-formingminerals 粘土矿物 claymineral高岭土 kaolinite蒙脱石 montmorillonite伊利石 illite云母 mica白云母 muscovite黑云母 biotite石英 quartz长石 feldspar正长石 orthoclase斜长石 plagioclase辉石 pyroxene, picrite角闪石 hornblende方解石 calcite构造 structure结构 texture组构 fabric(tissue)矿物组成 mineralcomposition 结晶质 crystalline非晶质 amorphous产状 attitude火成岩 igneous岩浆岩 magmatic rock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山 volcano侵入岩 intrusive(invade) rock 喷出岩 effusive rock深成岩 plutonic rock浅成岩 pypabysal rock酸性岩 acid rock中性岩 inter-mediate rock 基性岩 basic rock超基性岩 ultrabasicrock岩基 rock base (batholith) 岩脉（墙） dike岩株 rock stock岩流 rock flow岩盖 rock laccolith (laccolite) 岩盆 rock lopolith岩墙 rock dike岩床 rock sill岩脉 vein dyke花岗岩 granite斑岩 porphyry玢岩 porphyrite流纹岩 rhyolite正长岩 syenite粗面岩 trachyte闪长岩 diorite安山岩 andesite辉长岩 gabbro玄武岩 basalt细晶岩 aplite伟晶岩 pegmatite煌斑岩 lamprophyre辉绿岩 diabase橄榄岩 dunite黑曜岩 obsidian浮岩 pumice火山角砾岩 vulcanicbreccia火山集块岩 volcanicagglomerate 凝灰岩 tuff沉积岩 sedimentary rock碎屑岩 clastic rock粘土岩 clay rock粉砂质粘土岩 siltyclaystone化学岩 chemical rock生物岩 biolith砾岩 conglomerate角砾岩 breccia砂岩 sandstone石英砂岩 quartzsandstone粉砂岩 siltstone钙质粉砂岩 calcareoussiltstone 泥岩 mudstone页岩 shale盐岩 saline石灰岩 limestone白云岩 dolomite泥灰岩 marl泥钙岩 argillo-calcareous泥砂岩 argillo-arenaceous砂质 arenaceous泥质 argillaceous硅质的 siliceous有机质 organic matter粗粒 coarse grain中粒 medium-grained沉积物 sediment (deposit)漂石、顽石 boulder卵石 cobble砾石 gravel砂 sand粉土 silt粘土 clay粘粒 clay grain砂质粘土 sandyclay粘质砂土 clayeysand壤土、亚粘土 loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土 sandy loam浮土、表土 regolith(topsoil)黄土 loess红土 laterite泥灰 peat软泥 ooze淤泥 mire, oozed mud, sludge,warp clay 冲积物（层） alluvion冲积的 alluvial洪积物（层） proluvium,diluvium, diluvion 洪积的 diluvial坡积物（层） deluvium残积物（层） eluvium残积的 eluvial风积物（层） eoliandeposits湖积物（层） lakedeposits海积物（层） marinedeposits冰川沉积物（层）glacier(drift)deposits崩积物（层） colluvialdeposits,colluvium 残积粘土 residualclay变质岩 metamorphic rock板岩 slate千枚岩 phyllite片岩 schist片麻岩 gneiss石英岩 quartzite大理岩 marble糜棱岩 mylonite混合岩 migmatite碎裂岩 cataclasite3地质构造地质构造 geologicstructure结构构造 structuraltexture大地构造 geotectonic构造运动 tectogenesis造山运动 orogeny升降运动 verticalmovement水平运动 horizontalmovement完整性 perfection(integrity)起伏度 waviness尺寸效应 sizeeffect围压效应 confiningpressure effect产状要素 elementsofattitude产状 attitude, orientation走向 strike倾向 dip倾角 dip angle, angle of dip褶皱 fold褶曲 fold单斜 monocline向斜 syncline背斜 anticline穹隆 dome挤压 squeeze上盘 upper section下盘 bottom wall, footwall,lower wall 断距 separation相交 intersect断层 fault正断层 normal fault逆断层 reversed fault平移断层 parallelfault层理 bedding, stratification微层理 light stratification地堑 graben地垒 horst, fault ridge断层泥 gouge, pug, selvage, faultgouge 擦痕 stria, striation断裂 fracture破碎带 fracture zone节理 joint节理组 joint set裂隙 fissure, crack微裂隙 fine fissure, microscopicfissure劈理 cleavage原生裂隙 originaljoint次生裂隙 epigeneticjoint张裂隙 tension joint剪裂隙 shear joint卸荷裂隙 reliefcrack裂隙率 fracture porosity结构类型 structuralpattern岩体结构 rockmass structure岩块 block mass结构体 structural element块度 blockness结构面 structural plane软弱结构面 weakplane临空面 free face碎裂结构 cataclastictexture板状结构 platystructure薄板状 lamellose块状的 lumpy, massive层状的 laminated巨厚层 giant thick-laminated薄层状的 finelylaminated软弱夹层 weakintercalated layer夹层 inter bedding,intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer 夹泥层 clayey intercalation夹泥 inter-clay连通性 connectivity切层 insequent影响带 affecting zone完整性 integrity n.Integrate v. &a.degree ofintegrality破碎 crumble胶结 cement泥化 argillization尖灭 taper-out错动 diastrophism错动层面 faultedbedding plane 断续的 intermittent破碎 crumble共轭节理 conjugatedjoint散状 loose透镜状的 lens-shapeda.岩石碎片 crag岩屑 cuttings, debris薄膜 membrane, film层理 stratification高角度 high dip angle缓倾角 low dip angle反倾 anti-dip互层 interbed v. Interbedding n.起伏的 unplanar波状起伏的 undulate,undulating 粒径 particle size构造层 tectonosphere挤压 compression均一的 homogeneous剪切错动面 shearfaulted, bedding zone切割 dissection切割的 dissected致密 close, compact构造岩 tectonite糜棱岩 mylonite断层角砾岩 faultbreccia方解石脉 calcitevein碎块岩 clastic rock角砾 breccia岩粉 rock powder岩屑 debris, debry固结 consolidation定向排列 orientedspread构造应力 tectonicstress残余应力 residualstress4水文地质条件 hydrogeological conditions 水文循环 hydrologiccycle大气圈 atmosphere水圈 hydrosphere岩石圈 geosphere地表径流 surfacerunoff地下径流 subsurfacerunoff流域 valley, drainage basin流域面积 drainagearea, river basin area汇水面积 catchmentarea地下水 ground water, subsurfacewater地表水 surface water大气水 atmospheric water气态水 aqueous (vapour) water液态水 liquid water固态水 solid water上层滞水 perchedwater潜水 phreatic water承压水 confined water吸着水 hygroscopic (adsorptive)water介质 medium空隙 void孔隙水压力 porewater pressure渗透压力 osmoticpressure, seepage force扬压力 uplift pressure静水压力 hydrostaticpressure外静水压力 externalhydrostatic pressure动水压力 hydrodynamicpressure渗透力 seepage pressure外水压力 externalwater pressure内水压力 internalwater pressure水力联系 hydraulicinterrelation水力折减系数 hydraulicreduction coefficient 水头损失 waterhead loss渗透途径 filtrationpath, seepage path渗透系数 penetrationcoefficient潜水位 water table level水位 water level, stage level水头 water head含水层 aquifer弱含水层（弱透水层） aquitard滞水层 aquiclude透水层 permeable layer, perviouslayer不透水层（隔水层） aquifuge,impervious layer,impermeable layer,aquiclude潜水含水层 phreaticaquifer承压含水层 confinedaquifer, artesian aquifer 承压面 bearing surface潜水面 phreatic surface, watertable浸润线 phreatic curve不透水边界 imperviousboundary地下分水岭 groundwaterridge粘滞性 viscosity富水性 abundance透水性（渗透性）permeability淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation,leaching反滤层 inverted gravel filter水锈 incrustation渗滴 seep饱和 saturation, saturated潜水位变化带 zoneof variable phreatic level 气象因素 meteorologicalfactor饱水带 zone of saturation包气带 aerationzone, zone of aeration包气带水 aerationzone water上层滞水 perchedwater孔隙水 pore water裂隙水 fissure water岩溶水 karstic water结合水 bound water, combined water吸着水 hydroscopic water薄膜水 pellicular water毛细水 capillary water重力水 gravitational water凝结水 condensation water地下水埋藏条件condition ofgroundwater occurrence 地下水埋藏深度 depthof groundwater occurrence压水试验 packerpermeability test抽水试验 pumpingtest5物理力学性质物理力学 physicalmechanics n.Physico-mechanicala.屈服准则 yieldcriteria米赛斯屈服准则 VonMises yield criteria朗肯土压力理论Ranking’searth pressur e theory剑桥模型 Cambridgemodel, Cam-model邓肯-张模型 Duncan-changmodel本构方程 constitutiveequation局部剪切破坏 localshear failure整体剪切破坏 generalshear failure岩体完整性指数intactnessindex of rock mass安全系数 factorof safety埋深 embedment depth试件 coupons挠度 deflection里氏震级 Richterscale设计烈度 designintensity基本烈度 basicintensity场地烈度 siteintensity地震烈度 seismicintensity, intensity scale卓越周期 predominantperiod持力层 sustained yield超载 surcharge围岩压力 surroundingrock stress附加压力 superimposedstress应力松弛 stressrelaxation应力路迳 stresspath卸荷 unload渗透率 specific permeability饱和度 degree of saturation含水量 moisture content平均粒径 meandiameter颗粒 grain, granule, particle颗粒级配 distributionof grain-size,grain composition,size distribution级配 graduation,grain-sizedistribution, gradation, grading 粒度 coarseness grainsize,granularity, lump 不均匀系数 coefficientof non-uniformity, variationcoefficient, variation factor颗粒分级 gradation,size grading孔隙水 pore water孔隙比 void ratio (ration)空隙率 air voids孔隙率 porosity裂隙率 crackity溶隙率 karstity密度 density重度 unit weight, bulk weight浮重度 buoyant unit weight折减系数 reductionfactor压力消散 dissipationof pressure抗力系数 coefficientof resistance软化系数 softeningcoefficient含水量 water content稠度 consistency塑限 plastic limit液限 liquid limit塑性指数 plasticityindex液性指数 liquidityindex流变 rheological蠕变 creep塑性 plastic脆性 brittleness(fragility)粘性 stickness刚性 rigidity弹性的 elastic粘弹性 viso-elasticity弹塑性 elasto-plasticity压缩性 compressibility均质性 homogeneity非均质性 nonhomogeneity(heterogeneity) 各向同性 isotropy各向异性 anisotropy总应力 total stress有效应力 effectivestress超孔隙水压力 excesspore pressure孔隙水压力 porewater pressure抗压强度 compressivestrength抗拉强度 tensilestrength抗剪强度 shearstrength不排水抗剪强度undrainedshear strenght 峰值抗剪强度 peakshare strength长期抗剪强度 long-termshear strength残余抗剪强度 residualshear strength负摩擦力 negativeskin friction, dragdown 摩擦角 angle of friction内摩擦角 angleof internal friction外摩擦角 angleof external friction内聚力 cohesion粘聚力 cohesion假凝聚力 pseudo-cohesion粘着力 adhesion摩尔圆Mohr’s circle包络线 envelope休止角 angle of repose,angle offriction(repose, rest), repose angle 峰值 peak模量 modulus弹性模量 modulusof elasticity，Young’s modulus,elastic modulus压缩模量 modulusof compressibility变形模量 modulusof deformation卸荷模量 unloadingmodulus切线模量 tangentmodulus剪切模量 shearmodulus割线模量 secantmodulus旁压模量 pressurmetermodulus泊松比poisson’s ration固结 consolidation固结系数 coefficientof consolidation固结度 degree of consolidation超固结比 overconsolidation ration应变 strain压缩比 compressibility ratio压缩系数 coefficientof compressibility压缩指数 compressionindex初始曲线 virgincurve正常固结土 normallyconsolidated soil欠固结土 under-consolidatedsoil超固结土 over-consolidatedsoil被动土压力 passiveearth pressure主动土压力 activeearth pressure静止土压力 earthpressure at rest覆盖压力 overburdenpressure初始应力 initialstress地应力场 ground(geostatic)stress field 有效应力 effectivestress动应力 dynamic stress动荷载 dynamic load偏心荷载 eccentricloads循环荷载 inclinedloads地应力 ground stress, geostaticstress初始应力 initialstress应力场 stress field纵波 longitudinal wave液化势 liquefaction potential液化指数 liquefactionindex交角 angular岩石抗力系数 coefficientof rockresistance 容许承载力 allowablebearing capacity临塑压力 criticalpressure接触压力 contactpressure6工程地质问题工程地质问题 engineeringgeological problem 定性评价 qualitativeestimate定量评价 quantitativeestimate极限平衡法 limitequilibrium method不良地质现象 unfavorablegeologicalcondition 风化 weathering变形 deformation位移 displacement不均匀位移 differentialmovement相对位移 relativedisplacement沉陷 settlement山崩 avalanche, toppling崩塌 toppling, toppling collapse滑坡、地滑 creep,slide切层滑坡 insequentlandslide深层滑坡 deepslide浅层滑坡 shallowslide顺层滑坡 consequentlandslide滑动面sliding surface,sliding plane, slip surface滑动带 sliding zone滑床 slide bed滑坡体 slide(sliding) mass古滑坡 fossil landslide推移式滑坡 slumpingslide牵引式滑坡 retrogressiveslide管涌 piping, internalerosion渗漏 leakage流砂 quicksand渗流 seepage液化 liquefaction7工程勘察 engineering investigation工程地质勘察 engineeringgeologyinvestigation 岩土工程勘察 geotechnicalinvestigation工程地质条件 engineeringgeologicalcondition 工程地质评价 engineeringgeologicalevaluation 勘测 survey岩芯采取率 corerecovery, core extraction岩芯获得率RQD（岩石质量指标） rock quality designation 程序（步骤） procedure勘察阶段 investigationalstage选点踏勘 reconnaissance初步设计 primarydesign初步规划 preliminaryscheme初步勘探 preliminaryprospecting初步踏勘 groundreconnaissance可行性研究阶段 feasibilitystage初步设计阶段 preliminarystage施工阶段 constructionsage踏勘 reconnaissance, inspection地质测绘 geologicalsurvey工程地质测绘 engineeringgeologicalmapping 钻探 borehole operation, boring物探 geophysical exploration洞探 exploratory adits钎探 rod sounding坑探 exploring mining槽探 trenching天然建材调查natural materialssurveying (examination)岩土工程勘察报告 geotechnicalinvestigationreport 鉴定 identification, appraisal鉴定书 expertise report鉴定人 identifier, surveyor校核 verification总监 chief inspector比例 proportion地形图 geographic map地貌图 geomorphological map地质图 geological map工程地质图 engineeringgeological map实测地质剖面图field-acquiredgeological profile(section)构造地质图 geologicalstructure map第四纪地质图 quarternarygeological map地质详图 detailmap of geology地质柱状图 geologiccolumnar section, geologic log 钻孔柱状图 logsof bore hole纵剖面图 longitudinal section横剖面图 crosssection展示图 reveal detail map节理玫瑰图 roseof joints基岩等高线 bedrock contour层底等高线 contourof stratum bottom岩层界线 strataboundary岩面高程 elevationof bed rock surface坐标 coordinate分层 bed separation地质点 geological observationpoint勘探点 exploratory point (spot)勘探线 exploratory line勘探孔 exploration hole平洞 adit竖井 riser, shaft, verticalshaft探槽 exploratory trench探井 exploratory pit钻孔 borehole, drill hole机钻孔 ordinary drill hole套钻孔 sleeve drill hole管钻孔 pipe drill hole岩芯 core岩芯钻探 coredrilling回转钻探（进）rotarydrilling冲击钻探 churndrilling, percussiondrilling 钢砂钻探 shot drilling铁砂钻进 ironshot drilling跟管钻进 follow-downdrilling振动钻进 vibro-boring,vibro-drilling泥浆钻探 mudflush drilling金刚石钻进 diamonddrilling单动式 single acting双层 double layer空气钻探 airflush drilling钻机 drilling rig钻头 drill bit, drilling bit螺旋钻头 auger勺钻 spoon bit冲击钻头 percussionbit, chopping bit桶式钻头 bucketauger钻杆 drill rod套管 casing岩芯管 core barrel冲洗掖 flush fluid正循环冲洗 directcirculation反循环冲洗 reversecirculation泥浆 mud, slurry泥皮 mud cake护壁 dado止水 seal, water seal扫孔 cleaning bottom of hole钻进 drilling平硐 adit竖井 shaft钻探 drilling boring8工程地质试验击实试验 compactiontest压缩试验 compressiontest固结试验 consolidationtest单轴试验 uniaxialcompression test现场剪切试验 in-situshear test单剪试验 simpleshear test直剪试验 directshear test慢剪试验 slowtest单剪试验 simpleshear test快剪试验 quicktest三轴剪切试验 triaxialshear test三轴压缩试验 triaxialcompression test 动三轴试验 dynamictriaxial test不固结不排水剪试验unconsolidated undrained test(quick test)固结不排水剪试验consolidated undrained test(consolidated quicktest) 固结排水试验 consolidateddrained test(slowtest)原位测试 in-situtest现场监测 on-site(in-site)monitoring现场检测 on-site(in-site) inspection观测孔 observation borehole静力触探试验 conepenetration test,static penetration test, static cone test标贯试验 standardpenetration test十字板剪切试验 vaneshear test, vane test检层法 up-hole method, boreholemethod旁压试验 pressuremetertest动力触探试验dynamicpenetration test, dynamic sounding点荷载试验 pointload test岩石试验 rocktest应力解除法 stressrelief method应力恢复法 stressrecovery method套孔法 over-coring method9岩土体加固掌子面 breast, driving face,heading face,tunnel face顶拱 vault底拱 invert洞室开挖 excavation超挖 overbreak风钻 pneumatic drill开挖断面excavatedsection塌落 slump细骨料混凝土 concretemade with fineaggregate细骨料 fine aggregate, fineadjustment料场 stock ground土料 earth material矿渣 cinder, mineral waterresidue, scoria, slag性能 function, performance,property, nature凝结 coagulate, congeal,congealment, coagulation 合格 qualified, on test, uptostandard初凝 initial set初凝时间 initialsettingtime终凝 final set配合比 mix proportion塌落度 slump水化热 heat of hydration,hydration heat,setting heat水灰比 water-cement ratio粉煤灰 fly ash梅花状 quincuncial pattern喷射 shotcrete浇注 pouring钢筋网 coiremesh加固 reinforce锚杆 anchored bar, rock bolt锚索 anchored cable锚紧端 anchor station锚桩 anchored peg采石场 rock quarry开挖 excavation清基 cleanup foundation明挖 open-cut爆破 explosion光面爆破 smoothblasting预裂法 presplitting10 水工概论坝址 toe of dam坝踵 heel坝段 monolith坝顶 crest坝肩 shoulders左坝肩 left dam abutment副坝 saddle dam三坝址 the third dam site标高 height mark上游水位 headwater正常库水位 normalreservoir level地下洞室 undergroundopening (tunnel) 压力隧洞 pressuretunnel无压隧洞 gravitytunnel交通洞 access tunnel灌浆洞 grouting tunnel明流洞 free-flow tunnel孔板洞 orifice tunnel排砂洞 sediment tunnel尾水洞 tailrace tunnel排水洞 drainage tunnel导流洞 diversion tunnel隧道 tunnel围岩 surrounding rock, ambientrock围岩应力 secondarystress static应力集中 stressconcentrate覆盖层 over burden冒顶 cave in, roof fall底鼓 bottom heave回弹 rebound岩爆 rock burst冻结法 freezing method超载 over break衬砌 lining围堰 cofferdam堤 dike近坝岸坡 abutments施工（收缩）缝 constructionjoint心墙 core截水墙 cutoff wall防渗墙 diaphragm wall排水井 drainage wells排水幕 drainage curtain减压井 relief wells反滤层 filter zone灌浆材料 grout水力劈裂 hydraulicfracturing帷幔线 curtain line上游围堰 upstreamcofferdam混凝土防渗墙 concretecutoff wall截流 interim completion导水墙 channel training wall正常溢洪道渠首工程 servicespillway headwork 消力塘 lined plunge pool隔墙 divider walls混凝土护坦 concreteapron副厂房 auxiliary power house闸门室 gate chamber中闸室 mid gate chamber开关站 switch yard电梯井 elevator shaft尾水渠 tail race非常溢洪道 emergencyspillway11桥梁及基础工程江阴大桥 JiangyinBridge悬索桥 suspension bridge锚碇 anchorage重力式嵌岩锚 gravitysocketed anchorage 北锚碇前（后）锚面front(back) surface of northern anchorage 塔墩 tower墩 pier散索鞍 splay saddle猫道 footbridge主缆 main cable索股 cable strand主鞍 main saddle, tower saddle主跨 main span边跨 side span引桥 approach钢箱梁 steel box main girder埋深 embedment depth北塔墩基础 northtower base基础 foundation, footing浅基础 shallowfoundation深基础 deepfoundation联合基础 combinedfooting筏形基础 raft(mat)foundation钢模 steel form桩 pile基桩 foundationpile群桩 pile groups桩基础 pile foundation桩承台 pile cap高桩承台 high-risepile cap低桩承台 buriedpile cap摩擦桩 friction pile端承桩 end bearing pile嵌岩桩 socketed pile板桩 sheet pile旋喷桩 jet-grouted pile灌注桩 cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩 drivencast-in-place pile 支护桩 soldier piles, tangentpiles刚性桩 rigid pile柔性桩 flexible pile侧向受荷桩 laterallyloaded pile轴向受荷桩 axiallyloaded pile预制桩 precastconcrete pile振动打桩 vibratorypile driving振动钻进 vibratorydrilling沉箱 caisson沉井（沉箱） (open)caisson地下连续墙 diaphragmwall, slurry wall 支撑 bracing超载 surcharge接触应力 contactpressure井点降水 well-pointdewatering桩极限承载力 ultimatebearing capacity ofpile 承载力 bearing capacity阻力 resistance桩端阻力 endresistance表面摩擦力 skinfriction粘着系数 adhesionfactor负摩擦力 negativeskin friction安全系数 factorof safety压缩层 compressed layer附加应力 additionalstress, superimposed stress 持力层 bearing layer, sustaininglayer地基土 foundation soil, subsoil临塑压力 criticalpressure剪切破坏 shearfailure地基失效 foundationfailure冲剪破坏 punchingfailure渐进破坏 progressivefailure容许荷载 allowableload极限承载力 ultimatebearing capacity沉降 settlement沉降差 differential settlement尾部倾斜 angulardistortion倾斜 tilting坑底隆起 bottomheave静止土压力 earthpressure at rest稳定数 stability number路堤 embankment地基处理 groundtreatment soil improvement 垫层 cushion加固 stabilization注浆 injection灌浆 guniting帷幕 curtain挡土墙 retaining wall锚固 anchoring喷浆 guniting锚杆 earth anchor盲沟 French drain振冲法 vibro jet12监测仪器观测孔 observation bore/hole仪器观测 instrumentation读数装置 readoutdevice传感器 transducer探头 probe压力盒 pressure cell振弦式应变计 vibratingwire strain gauge伸长计、变位计 extensionmeter板式沉降仪 foundationbase/pate测斜仪 inclinometer测压计，渗压计 piezometer垂线 plumb垂直度 plumbness13安全监控可靠性检查 reliabilitychecking监控模型 monitoringand prediction model 监测 monitoring资料 datum, data可靠性 reliability稳定性 stability安全 safety评估 evaluation, appraise评定 assessment, assess, rate评价准则 criterion灾害 hazard, calamity确定性方法论 Deterministicmethodology 应急行动计划 EAP(emergencyaction plan) 事故 accident紧急状态 emergency紧急检查 emergencyinspection灾情等级 hazardclassification灾害评价 hazardevaluation风险评估 riskassessment。
地质工程专业常用英文词汇(word文档良心出品)
1阐述expound(explain), state引入introduce into相应的corresponding概念conception概论overview概率probability概念化conceptualize宏观的macroscopic补充complement规划plan证明demonstrate, certify, attest证实confirmation补偿compensate, make up, imburse算法algorithm判别式discriminant有限元方法finite element method(FEM)样本单元法sample element method(SEM)赤平投影法stereographic projection method(SPM) 赤平投影stereographic projection干扰位移法interference displacement method(IDM) 干扰能量法interference energy method(IEM)条分法method of slices极限平衡法limit equilibrium method界面元法boundary element method模拟simulate计算程序computer program数值分析numerical analysis计算工作量calculation load解的唯一性uniqueness of solution多层结构模型laminated model非线性nonlinear横观各向同性lateral isotropy各向同性isotropy各向异性anisotropy非均质性heterogeneity边界条件boundary condition本构方程constitutive equation初始条件initial condition初始状态rest condition岩土工程geotechnical engineering,土木工程civil engineering基础工程foundation engineering最不利滑面the most dangerous slip surface交替alternate控制论cybernetics大量现场调查mass field surveys组合式combined type相互作用interaction稳定性评价stability evaluation均质性homogeneity介质medium层layer, stratum组构fabric1地形地貌geographic and geomorphic工程地质条件engineering geological conditions地形地貌条件geographic and geomorphic conditions 地形land form地貌geomorphology, relief微地貌microrelief地貌单元landform unit, geomorphic unit坡度grade地形图relief map河谷river valley 河道river course河床river bed(channel)冲沟gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook) 河漫滩floodplain(valley flat)阶地terrace冲积平原alluvial plain三角洲delta古河道fossil river course, fossil stream channel 冲积扇alluvial fan洪积扇diluvial fan坡积裙talus apron分水岭divide盆地basin岩溶地貌karst land feature, karst landform溶洞solution cave, karst cave落水洞sinkhole土洞Karstic earth cave2地层岩性地层geostrome (stratum, strata)岩性lithologic character, rock property岩体rock mass岩层bed stratum岩层layer, rock stratum母岩matrix, parent rock相变facies change硬质岩strong rock, film软质岩weak rock硬质的competent软质的incompetent基岩bedrock岩组petrofabric覆盖层overburden交错层理cross bedding层面bedding plane片理schistosity层理bedding板理（叶理）foliation波痕ripple-mark泥痕mud crack雨痕raindrop imprints造岩矿物rock-forming minerals粘土矿物clay mineral高岭土kaolinite蒙脱石montmorillonite伊利石illite云母mica白云母muscovite黑云母biotite石英quartz长石feldspar正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase辉石pyroxene, picrite角闪石hornblende方解石calcite构造structure结构texture组构fabric(tissue)矿物组成mineral composition结晶质crystalline非晶质amorphous产状attitude火成岩igneous2岩浆岩magmatic rock火山岩（熔岩）lava火山volcano侵入岩intrusive(invade) rock 喷出岩effusive rock深成岩plutonic rock浅成岩pypabysal rock酸性岩acid rock中性岩inter-mediate rock基性岩basic rock超基性岩ultrabasic rock岩基rock base (batholith)岩脉（墙）dike岩株rock stock岩流rock flow岩盖rock laccolith (laccolite) 岩盆rock lopolith岩墙rock dike岩床rock sill岩脉vein dyke花岗岩granite斑岩porphyry玢岩porphyrite流纹岩rhyolite正长岩syenite粗面岩trachyte闪长岩diorite安山岩andesite辉长岩gabbro玄武岩basalt细晶岩aplite伟晶岩pegmatite煌斑岩lamprophyre辉绿岩diabase橄榄岩dunite黑曜岩obsidian浮岩pumice火山角砾岩vulcanic breccia火山集块岩volcanic agglomerate凝灰岩tuff沉积岩sedimentary rock碎屑岩clastic rock粘土岩clay rock粉砂质粘土岩silty claystone化学岩chemical rock生物岩biolith砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia砂岩sandstone石英砂岩quartz sandstone粉砂岩siltstone钙质粉砂岩calcareous siltstone泥岩mudstone页岩shale盐岩saline石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite泥灰岩marl泥钙岩argillo-calcareous泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous砂质arenaceous泥质argillaceous硅质的siliceous有机质organic matter 粗粒coarse grain中粒medium-grained沉积物sediment (deposit)漂石、顽石boulder卵石cobble砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt粘土clay粘粒clay grain砂质粘土sandy clay粘质砂土clayey sand壤土、亚粘土loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandy loam浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)黄土loess红土laterite泥灰peat软泥ooze淤泥mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay 冲积物（层）alluvion冲积的alluvial洪积物（层）proluvium, diluvium, diluvion洪积的diluvial坡积物（层）deluvium残积物（层）eluvium残积的eluvial风积物（层）eolian deposits湖积物（层）lake deposits海积物（层）marine deposits冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift)deposits崩积物（层）colluvial deposits, colluvium残积粘土residual clay变质岩metamorphic rock板岩slate千枚岩phyllite片岩schist片麻岩gneiss石英岩quartzite大理岩marble糜棱岩mylonite混合岩migmatite碎裂岩cataclasite3地质构造地质构造geologic structure结构构造structural texture大地构造geotectonic构造运动tectogenesis造山运动orogeny升降运动vertical movement水平运动horizontal movement完整性perfection(integrity)起伏度waviness尺寸效应size effect围压效应confining pressure effect产状要素elements of attitude产状attitude, orientation走向strike倾向dip倾角dip angle, angle of dip褶皱fold褶曲fold单斜monocline3向斜syncline背斜anticline穹隆dome挤压squeeze上盘upper section下盘bottom wall, footwall, lower wall 断距separation相交intersect断层fault正断层normal fault逆断层reversed fault平移断层parallel fault层理bedding, stratification微层理light stratification地堑graben地垒horst, fault ridge断层泥gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge 擦痕stria, striation断裂fracture破碎带fracture zone节理joint节理组joint set裂隙fissure, crack微裂隙fine fissure, microscopic fissure 劈理cleavage原生裂隙original joint次生裂隙epigenetic joint张裂隙tension joint剪裂隙shear joint卸荷裂隙relief crack裂隙率fracture porosity结构类型structural pattern岩体结构rock mass structure岩块block mass结构体structural element块度blockness结构面structural plane软弱结构面weak plane临空面free face碎裂结构cataclastic texture板状结构platy structure薄板状lamellose块状的lumpy, massive层状的laminated巨厚层giant thick-laminated薄层状的finely laminated软弱夹层weak intercalated layer夹层inter bedding,intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer 夹泥层clayey intercalation夹泥inter-clay连通性connectivity切层insequent影响带affecting zone完整性integrity n.Integrate v. & a.degree of integrality破碎crumble胶结cement泥化argillization尖灭taper-out错动diastrophism错动层面faulted bedding plane断续的intermittent 破碎crumble共轭节理conjugated joint散状loose透镜状的lens-shaped a.岩石碎片crag岩屑cuttings, debris薄膜membrane, film层理stratification高角度high dip angle缓倾角low dip angle反倾anti-dip互层interbed v.Interbedding n.起伏的unplanar波状起伏的undulate, undulating粒径particle size构造层tectonosphere挤压compression均一的homogeneous剪切错动面shear faulted, bedding zone切割dissection切割的dissected致密close, compact构造岩tectonite糜棱岩mylonite断层角砾岩fault breccia方解石脉calcite vein碎块岩clastic rock角砾breccia岩粉rock powder岩屑debris, debry固结consolidation定向排列oriented spread构造应力tectonic stress残余应力residual stress4水文地质条件hydrogeological conditions 水文循环hydrologic cycle大气圈atmosphere水圈hydrosphere岩石圈geosphere地表径流surface runoff地下径流subsurface runoff流域valley, drainage basin流域面积drainage area, river basin area 汇水面积catchment area地下水ground water, subsurface water 地表水surface water大气水atmospheric water气态水aqueous (vapour) water液态水liquid water固态水solid water上层滞水perched water潜水phreatic water承压水confined water吸着水hygroscopic (adsorptive) water 介质medium空隙void孔隙水压力pore water pressure渗透压力osmotic pressure, seepage force 扬压力uplift pressure静水压力hydrostatic pressure外静水压力external hydrostatic pressure动水压力hydrodynamic pressure4渗透力seepage pressure外水压力external water pressure内水压力internal water pressure水力联系hydraulic interrelation水力折减系数hydraulic reduction coefficient水头损失water head loss渗透途径filtration path, seepage path渗透系数penetration coefficient潜水位water table level水位water level, stage level水头water head含水层aquifer弱含水层（弱透水层）aquitard滞水层aquiclude透水层permeable layer, pervious layer不透水层（隔水层）aquifuge, impervious layer,impermeable layer, aquiclude潜水含水层phreatic aquifer承压含水层confined aquifer, artesian aquifer承压面bearing surface潜水面phreatic surface, water table浸润线phreatic curve不透水边界impervious boundary地下分水岭groundwater ridge粘滞性viscosity富水性abundance透水性（渗透性）permeability淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation, leaching反滤层inverted gravel filter水锈incrustation渗滴seep饱和saturation, saturated潜水位变化带zone of variable phreatic level气象因素meteorological factor饱水带zone of saturation包气带aeration zone, zone of aeration包气带水aeration zone water上层滞水perched water孔隙水pore water裂隙水fissure water岩溶水karstic water结合水bound water, combined water吸着水hydroscopic water薄膜水pellicular water毛细水capillary water重力水gravitational water凝结水condensation water地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence 地下水埋藏深度depth of groundwater occurrence压水试验packer permeability test抽水试验pumping test5物理力学性质物理力学physical mechanics n.Physico-mechanical a.屈服准则yield criteria米赛斯屈服准则V on Mises yield criteria朗肯土压力理论Ranking’s earth pressure theory剑桥模型Cambridge model, Cam-model邓肯-张模型Duncan-chang model本构方程constitutive equation局部剪切破坏local shear failure整体剪切破坏general shear failure岩体完整性指数intactness index of rock mass 安全系数factor of safety埋深embedment depth试件coupons挠度deflection里氏震级Richter scale设计烈度design intensity基本烈度basic intensity场地烈度site intensity地震烈度seismic intensity, intensity scale卓越周期predominant period持力层sustained yield超载surcharge围岩压力surrounding rock stress附加压力superimposed stress应力松弛stress relaxation应力路迳stress path卸荷unload渗透率specific permeability饱和度degree of saturation含水量moisture content平均粒径mean diameter颗粒grain, granule, particle颗粒级配distribution of grain-size,grain composition, size distribution级配graduation,grain-size distribution, gradation, grading粒度coarseness grain size, granularity, lump 不均匀系数coefficient of non-uniformity,variation coefficient, variation factor颗粒分级gradation, size grading孔隙水pore water孔隙比void ratio (ration)空隙率air voids孔隙率porosity裂隙率crackity溶隙率karstity密度density重度unit weight, bulk weight浮重度buoyant unit weight折减系数reduction factor压力消散dissipation of pressure抗力系数coefficient of resistance软化系数softening coefficient含水量water content稠度consistency塑限plastic limit液限liquid limit塑性指数plasticity index液性指数liquidity index流变rheological蠕变creep塑性plastic脆性brittleness(fragility)粘性stickness刚性rigidity弹性的elastic粘弹性viso-elasticity弹塑性elasto-plasticity压缩性compressibility均质性homogeneity非均质性nonhomogeneity (heterogeneity)各向同性isotropy各向异性anisotropy总应力total stress5有效应力effective stress超孔隙水压力excess pore pressure孔隙水压力pore water pressure抗压强度compressive strength抗拉强度tensile strength抗剪强度shear strength不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strenght峰值抗剪强度peak share strength长期抗剪强度long-term shear strength残余抗剪强度residual shear strength负摩擦力negative skin friction, dragdown摩擦角angle of friction内摩擦角angle of internal friction外摩擦角angle of external friction内聚力cohesion粘聚力cohesion假凝聚力pseudo-cohesion粘着力adhesion摩尔圆Mohr’s circle包络线envelope休止角angle of repose,angle of friction(repose, rest), repose angle 峰值peak模量modulus弹性模量modulus of elasticity，Young’s modulus, elastic modulus压缩模量modulus of compressibility变形模量modulus of deformation卸荷模量unloading modulus切线模量tangent modulus剪切模量shear modulus割线模量secant modulus旁压模量pressurmeter modulus泊松比poisson’s ration固结consolidation固结系数coefficient of consolidation固结度degree of consolidation超固结比over consolidation ration应变strain压缩比compressibility ratio压缩系数coefficient of compressibility压缩指数compression index初始曲线virgin curve正常固结土normally consolidated soil欠固结土under-consolidated soil超固结土over-consolidated soil被动土压力passive earth pressure主动土压力active earth pressure静止土压力earth pressure at rest覆盖压力overburden pressure初始应力initial stress地应力场ground(geostatic) stress field有效应力effective stress动应力dynamic stress动荷载dynamic load偏心荷载eccentric loads循环荷载inclined loads地应力ground stress, geostatic stress初始应力initial stress应力场stress field纵波longitudinal wave液化势liquefaction potential液化指数liquefaction index交角angular 岩石抗力系数coefficient of rock resistance容许承载力allowable bearing capacity临塑压力critical pressure接触压力contact pressure6工程地质问题工程地质问题engineering geological problem定性评价qualitative estimate定量评价quantitative estimate极限平衡法limit equilibrium method不良地质现象unfavorable geological condition风化weathering变形deformation位移displacement不均匀位移differential movement相对位移relative displacement沉陷settlement山崩avalanche, toppling崩塌toppling, toppling collapse滑坡、地滑creep, slide切层滑坡insequent landslide深层滑坡deep slide浅层滑坡shallow slide顺层滑坡consequent landslide滑动面sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surface滑动带sliding zone滑床slide bed滑坡体slide(sliding) mass古滑坡fossil landslide推移式滑坡slumping slide牵引式滑坡retrogressive slide管涌piping, internal erosion渗漏leakage流砂quicksand渗流seepage液化liquefaction7工程勘察engineering investigation工程地质勘察engineering geology investigation 岩土工程勘察geotechnical investigation工程地质条件engineering geological condition 工程地质评价engineering geological evaluation 勘测survey岩芯采取率core recovery, core extraction岩芯获得率RQD（岩石质量指标）rock quality designation程序（步骤）procedure勘察阶段investigational stage选点踏勘reconnaissance初步设计primary design初步规划preliminary scheme初步勘探preliminary prospecting初步踏勘ground reconnaissance可行性研究阶段feasibility stage初步设计阶段preliminary stage施工阶段construction sage踏勘reconnaissance, inspection地质测绘geological survey工程地质测绘engineering geological mapping 钻探borehole operation, boring物探geophysical exploration洞探exploratory adits钎探rod sounding6坑探exploring mining槽探trenching天然建材调查natural materials surveying (examination) 岩土工程勘察报告geotechnical investigation report 鉴定identification, appraisal鉴定书expertise report鉴定人identifier, surveyor校核verification总监chief inspector比例proportion地形图geographic map地貌图geomorphological map地质图geological map工程地质图engineering geological map实测地质剖面图field-acquired geological profile(section) 构造地质图geological structure map第四纪地质图quarternary geological map地质详图detail map of geology地质柱状图geologic columnar section, geologic log 钻孔柱状图logs of bore hole纵剖面图longitudinal section横剖面图cross section展示图reveal detail map节理玫瑰图rose of joints基岩等高线bed rock contour层底等高线contour of stratum bottom岩层界线strata boundary岩面高程elevation of bed rock surface坐标coordinate分层bed separation地质点geological observation point勘探点exploratory point (spot)勘探线exploratory line勘探孔exploration hole平洞adit竖井riser, shaft, vertical shaft探槽exploratory trench探井exploratory pit钻孔borehole, drill hole机钻孔ordinary drill hole套钻孔sleeve drill hole管钻孔pipe drill hole岩芯core岩芯钻探core drilling回转钻探（进）rotary drilling冲击钻探churn drilling, percussion drilling 钢砂钻探shot drilling铁砂钻进iron shot drilling跟管钻进follow-down drilling振动钻进vibro-boring, vibro-drilling泥浆钻探mud flush drilling金刚石钻进diamond drilling单动式single acting双层double layer空气钻探air flush drilling钻机drilling rig钻头drill bit, drilling bit螺旋钻头auger勺钻spoon bit冲击钻头percussion bit, chopping bit桶式钻头bucket auger钻杆drill rod 套管casing岩芯管core barrel冲洗掖flush fluid正循环冲洗direct circulation反循环冲洗reverse circulation泥浆mud, slurry泥皮mud cake护壁dado止水seal, water seal扫孔cleaning bottom of hole钻进drilling平硐adit竖井shaft钻探drilling boring8工程地质试验击实试验compaction test压缩试验compression test固结试验consolidation test单轴试验uniaxial compression test现场剪切试验in-situ shear test单剪试验simple shear test直剪试验direct shear test慢剪试验slow test单剪试验simple shear test快剪试验quick test三轴剪切试验triaxial shear test三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test动三轴试验dynamic triaxial test不固结不排水剪试验unconsolidated undrained test(quick test)固结不排水剪试验consolidated undrained test(consolidated quick test) 固结排水试验consolidated drained test(slow test)原位测试in-situ test现场监测on-site(in-site) monitoring现场检测on-site (in-site) inspection观测孔observation borehole静力触探试验cone penetration test,static penetration test, static cone test标贯试验standard penetration test十字板剪切试验vane shear test, vane test检层法up-hole method, borehole method旁压试验pressuremeter test动力触探试验dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding 点荷载试验point load test岩石试验rock test应力解除法stress relief method应力恢复法stress recovery method套孔法over-coring method9岩土体加固掌子面breast, driving face,heading face, tunnel face顶拱vault底拱invert洞室开挖excavation超挖overbreak风钻pneumatic drill开挖断面excavated section塌落slump细骨料混凝土concrete made with fine aggregate细骨料fine aggregate, fine adjustment7料场stock ground土料earth material矿渣cinder, mineral water residue, scoria, slag 性能function, performance, property, nature 凝结coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation 合格qualified, on test, up to standard 初凝initial set初凝时间initial setting time终凝final set配合比mix proportion塌落度slump水化热heat of hydration,hydration heat, setting heat水灰比water-cement ratio粉煤灰fly ash梅花状quincuncial pattern喷射shotcrete浇注pouring钢筋网coiremesh加固reinforce锚杆anchored bar, rock bolt锚索anchored cable锚紧端anchor station锚桩anchored peg采石场rock quarry开挖excavation清基cleanup foundation明挖open-cut爆破explosion光面爆破smooth blasting预裂法presplitting10 水工概论坝址toe of dam坝踵heel坝段monolith坝顶crest坝肩shoulders左坝肩left dam abutment副坝saddle dam三坝址the third dam site标高height mark上游水位headwater正常库水位normal reservoir level地下洞室underground opening (tunnel)压力隧洞pressure tunnel无压隧洞gravity tunnel交通洞access tunnel灌浆洞grouting tunnel明流洞free-flow tunnel孔板洞orifice tunnel排砂洞sediment tunnel尾水洞tailrace tunnel排水洞drainage tunnel导流洞diversion tunnel隧道tunnel围岩surrounding rock, ambient rock围岩应力secondary stress static应力集中stress concentrate覆盖层over burden冒顶cave in, roof fall底鼓bottom heave回弹rebound岩爆rock burst 冻结法freezing method超载over break衬砌lining围堰cofferdam堤dike近坝岸坡abutments施工（收缩）缝construction joint心墙core截水墙cutoff wall防渗墙diaphragm wall排水井drainage wells排水幕drainage curtain减压井relief wells反滤层filter zone灌浆材料grout水力劈裂hydraulic fracturing帷幔线curtain line上游围堰upstream cofferdam混凝土防渗墙concrete cutoff wall截流interim completion导水墙channel training wall正常溢洪道渠首工程service spillway headwork 消力塘lined plunge pool隔墙divider walls混凝土护坦concrete apron副厂房auxiliary power house闸门室gate chamber中闸室mid gate chamber开关站switch yard电梯井elevator shaft尾水渠tail race非常溢洪道emergency spillway11桥梁及基础工程江阴大桥Jiangyin Bridge悬索桥suspension bridge锚碇anchorage重力式嵌岩锚gravity socketed anchorage北锚碇前（后）锚面front(back) surface of northern anchorage塔墩tower墩pier散索鞍splay saddle猫道footbridge主缆main cable索股cable strand主鞍main saddle, tower saddle主跨main span边跨side span引桥approach钢箱梁steel box main girder埋深embedment depth北塔墩基础north tower base基础foundation, footing浅基础shallow foundation深基础deep foundation联合基础combined footing筏形基础raft(mat) foundation钢模steel form桩pile基桩foundation pile群桩pile groups桩基础pile foundation桩承台pile cap高桩承台high-rise pile cap低桩承台buried pile cap摩擦桩friction pile端承桩end bearing pile嵌岩桩socketed pile板桩sheet pile旋喷桩jet-grouted pile灌注桩cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩driven cast-in-place pile支护桩soldier piles, tangent piles刚性桩rigid pile柔性桩flexible pile侧向受荷桩laterally loaded pile轴向受荷桩axially loaded pile预制桩precast concrete pile振动打桩vibratory pile driving振动钻进vibratory drilling沉箱caisson沉井（沉箱）(open) caisson地下连续墙diaphragm wall, slurry wall支撑bracing超载surcharge接触应力contact pressure井点降水well-point dewatering桩极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of pile承载力bearing capacity阻力resistance桩端阻力end resistance表面摩擦力skin friction粘着系数adhesion factor负摩擦力negative skin friction安全系数factor of safety压缩层compressed layer附加应力additional stress, superimposed stress 持力层bearing layer, sustaining layer地基土foundation soil, subsoil临塑压力critical pressure剪切破坏shear failure地基失效foundation failure冲剪破坏punching failure渐进破坏progressive failure容许荷载allowable load极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity沉降settlement沉降差differential settlement尾部倾斜angular distortion倾斜tilting坑底隆起bottom heave静止土压力earth pressure at rest稳定数stability number路堤embankment地基处理ground treatment soil improvement 垫层cushion加固stabilization注浆injection灌浆guniting帷幕curtain挡土墙retaining wall锚固anchoring喷浆guniting锚杆earth anchor盲沟French drain振冲法vibro jet 12监测仪器观测孔observation bore/hole仪器观测instrumentation读数装置readout device传感器transducer探头probe压力盒pressure cell振弦式应变计vibrating wire strain gauge伸长计、变位计extension meter板式沉降仪foundation base/pate测斜仪inclinometer测压计，渗压计piezometer垂线plumb垂直度plumbness13安全监控可靠性检查reliability checking监控模型monitoring and prediction model监测monitoring资料datum, data可靠性reliability稳定性stability安全safety评估evaluation, appraise评定assessment, assess, rate评价准则criterion灾害hazard, calamity确定性方法论Deterministic methodology应急行动计划EAP(emergency action plan)事故accident紧急状态emergency紧急检查emergency inspection灾情等级hazard classification灾害评价hazard evaluation风险评估risk assessment静力（Static Analysis）动力（Dynamic Analysis）蠕变（Creep Material Model）渗流（Fluid-mechanical Interaction）热力学（Thermal Option）headward erosion溯源侵蚀scouring of levee or bank淘刷strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar weakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar of continually aftershocks of 7 or 8-degree intensityEvidently 明显的Correspondingly adv.相应地; 相关地; 相同地the hanging wall of triggering seismic faultoblique~bedding bank slope专业外语(为方便记忆,跟上面稍有重复) 一．综合类1. geotechnical engineering 岩土工程2. foundation engineering 基础工程3. soil, earth 土4.soil mechanics 土力学cyclic loading 周期荷载unloading 卸载 reloading 再加载viscoelastic found 粘弹性地基viscous damping 粘滞阻尼 shear modulus 剪切模量5. soil dynamics 土动力学6. stress path 应力路径二．土的分类1. residual soil 残积土groundwater level 地下水位2. groundwater 地下水groundwatertable 地下水位3. clay minerals 粘土矿物4. secondary minerals 次生矿物5. landslides 滑坡6. bore hole columnar section 钻孔柱状图7. engineering geologic investigation 工程地质勘察 8. boulder 漂石 9. cobble 卵石 10. gravel 砂石11. gravelly sand 砾砂 12. coarse sand 粗砂 13. medium sand 中砂 14. fine sand 细砂 15. silty sand 粉土 16. clayey soil 粘性土 17. clay 粘土18. silty clay 粉质粘土 19. silt 粉土20. sandy silt 砂质粉土 21. clayey silt 粘质粉土 22. saturated soil 饱和土 23. unsaturated soil 非饱和土 24. fill (soil)填土三． 土的基本物理力学性质 1. c c Compression index 2. c u undrained shear strength 3. c u /p 0 ratio of undrained strength c u to effective overburden stress p 0 (c u /p 0)NC ,(c u /p 0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively 4. c vane cohesive strength from vane test 5. e 0 natural void ratio 6. I p plasticity index 7. K 0 coefficientof “at -rest ”pressure ,for total stresses σ 1 and σ2 8. K 0’ do main for effective stresses σ 1 ‘ and σ2’ 9. K 0n K 0 for normally consolidatedstate 10. K 0u K 0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition 11. K 0d K 0 coefficient under cyclicloading (frequency less than 1 Hz),as a pseudo-dynamic test for K 0 coefficient12. k h ,k v permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13. N blow count ,standard penetration test14. OCR over-consolidation ratio15. p c preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16. p 0 effective overburden pressure 17. p s specific cone penetration resistance ,from static cone test 18. q u unconfined compressive strengt h 19. U,U m degreeof consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen 20.u ,u b ,u m pore pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21. w 0 w L w p natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ 2 principal stresses, σ 1 ‘ and σ2’ denote effective principal stresses四．渗透性和渗流1. Darcy’s law 达西定律2. piping 管涌3. flowing soil 流土4. sand boiling 砂沸5. flow net 流网6. seepage 渗透（流）7. leakage 渗流8. seepage (force) pressure 渗透压力 9. permeability 渗透性10. hydraulic gradient 水力梯度11.coefficient of permeability 渗透系数五．地基应力和变形1. soft soil 软土2. (negative) skin friction of driven pile 打入桩（负）摩阻力3. effective stress 有效应力total stress 总应力4. field vane shear strength 十字板抗剪强度5. low activity 低活性6. sensitivity 灵敏度7. triaxial test 三轴试验 8. foundation design 基础设计 9. recompaction 再压缩10. bearing capacity 承载力 11. soil mass 土体12. contact pressure 接触应力 13. concentrated load 集中荷载14. a semi-infinite elastic solid 半无限弹性体 15. homogeneous 均质 16. isotropic 各向同性 17. strip footing 条基 18. square spread footing 方形独立基础 19. underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）20. dead load =sustained load 恒载 持续荷载 21. live load 活载 22. short –term transient load 短期瞬时荷载 23. long-term transient load 长期荷载24. reduced load 折算荷载 25. settlement 沉降deformation 变形 26. casing 套管27. dike=dyke 堤（防） 28. clay fraction 粘粒粒组29.physical properties物理性质30.subgrade路基31.well-graded soil级配良好土32.poorly-graded soil级配不良土33.sieve筛子34.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件35.FEM=finite element method有限元法36.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法37.pore water pressure孔隙水压力38.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力39.modulus of compressibility压缩模量40.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数42.swelling index回弹指数43.geostatic stress自重应力44.additional stress附加应力45.total stress总应力46.final settlement最终沉降47.slip line滑动线六．基坑开挖与降水1.excavation开挖（挖方）2.dewatering（基坑）降水3.failure of foundation基坑失稳4.bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5.bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6.retaining wall挡土墙7.pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8.dewatering method降低地下水位法9.well point system井点系统（轻型）10.deep well point深井点11.vacuum well point真空井点12.braced cuts支撑围护braced excavation支撑开挖braced sheeting支撑挡板七．深基础deep foundation1.pile foundation桩基础1)cast –in-place灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩bored pile钻孔桩special-shaped cast-in-place pile机控异型灌注桩piles set into rock嵌岩灌注桩rammed bulb pile夯扩桩2)belled pier foundation钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底墩under-reamed bored pier3)precast concrete pile预制混凝土桩4)steel pile钢桩steel pipe pile钢管桩steel sheet pile钢板桩5)prestressed concrete pile预应力混凝土桩prestressed concrete pipe pile预应力混凝土管桩2.caisson foundation沉井（箱）3.diaphragm wall地下连续墙截水墙4.friction pile摩擦桩end-bearing pile端承桩5.(pile)shaft桩身6.wave equation analysis波动方程分析7.pile caps承台（桩帽）8.bearing capacity of single pile单桩承载力teral pile load test单桩横向载荷试验10.ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩横向极限承载力11.static load test of pile单桩竖向静荷载试验12.vertical allowable load capacity单桩竖向容许承载力13.low pile cap低桩承台14.high-rise pile cap高桩承台15.vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩抗拔极限承载力16.silent piling静力压桩17.uplift pile抗拔桩18.anti-slide pile抗滑桩19.pile groups群桩20.efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效率系数（η）21.efficiency of pile groups群桩效应22.dynamic pile testing桩基动测技术23.final set最后贯入度24.dynamic load test of pile桩动荷载试验25.pile integrity test桩的完整性试验26.pile head=butt桩头27.pile tip=pile point=pile toe桩端（头）28.pile spacing桩距29.pile plan桩位布置图30.arrangement of piles =pile layout桩的布置31.group action群桩作用32.end bearing=tip resistance桩端阻33.skin(side) friction=shaft resistance桩侧阻34.pile cushion桩垫35.pile driving(by vibration) 打桩（振动）36.pile pulling test拔桩试验37.pile shoe桩靴38.pile noise打桩噪音39.pile rig打桩机八．地基处理（ground treatment）1.technical code for ground treatment of building建筑地基处理技术规范2.cushion垫层法3.preloading预压法4.dynamic compaction强夯法5.dynamic compaction replacement强夯置换法6.vibroflotation method振冲法7.sand-gravel pile砂石桩pile-stone column砂石桩8.cement-flyash-gravel pile(CFG)水泥粉煤灰碎石桩9.cement mixing method水泥土搅拌桩10.cement column水泥桩11.lime pile (lime column)石灰桩12.jet grouting高压喷射注浆法13.rammed-cement-soil pile夯实水泥土桩法14.lime-soil compaction pile 灰土挤密桩lime-soil compacted column灰土挤密桩lime soil pile灰土挤密桩15.chemical stabilization化学加固法16.surface compaction 表层压实法17.surcharge preloading超载预压法vacuum preloading真空预压法18.sand wick袋装砂井19.geofabric ,geotextile土工织物posite foundation复合地基21.reinforcement method加筋法22.dewatering method降低地下水固结法23.freezing and heating冷热处理法。
水文地质与工程地质常见的专业英语词汇
水文地质与工程地质常见的专业英语词汇（勘察报告类）水文地质类孔隙水：pore water裂隙水：crevice-water；fracture water抽水试验：pumping test压水试验：water pressure testHydraulic pressure test注水试验：water injection test渗透系数：coefficient of permeability包气带：zone of aeration上层滞水：perched water潜水：phreatic water承压水：confined water含水层：aquifer地下水侵蚀性：groundwater erosion降排水工程：dewatering and drainage engineering多孔介质：porous medium水质标准：water quality standard地下水水质：quality of the groundwater流域：valley, basin地下水 groundwater地下水流域 groundwater catchment地下水条件；地下水情况 groundwater condition地下水连通实验groundwater connectivity test地下水量枯竭 groundwater depletion地下水流量；地下水溢流 groundwater discharge地下水分水岭 groundwater divide地下水排水工程 groundwater drainage works地下水流向 groundwater flow direction地下水位 groundwater level地下水监测 groundwater monitoring地下水污染 groundwater pollution地下水水压测试groundwater pressure measurement 地下水体系 groundwater regime地下水位 groundwater table地下水位变动groundwater table fluctuation工程地质类原位测试：in-situ tests岩土工程勘察报告：geotechnical investigation report 不良地质作用：adverse geologic action 岩土参数标准值：standard value ofgeotechnical parameter土工试验：soil engineering tests现场检验：in-situ inspection现场监测：in-situ monitoring工程地质测绘：engineering geological mapping地基土：foundation soil岩土层：layer，stratum (复strata)地基承载力特征值：characteristic value ofsubgrade bearing地基变形允许值：allowable subsoil deformation地基处理：ground treatment复合地基：composite foundation承载力：bearing capacity持力层：bearing stratum桩：pile承台：pilecap钻孔灌注桩：drilled concreting piles人工挖孔桩：hand-excavated hole piles(artificial hole piles)沉管灌注桩：driven cast-in-place pile深层搅拌桩: deep mixing method预制桩：pretesting piles静压桩：static-driving pile (Jack Up Pile)高压旋喷灌注：high-pressure rotary grouting桩基础：pile foundation桩—土—承台：pile-soil-pilecap动力触探：dynamic sounding标准贯入试验：SPT (standard penetration technique) 土钉：soil Nailing地质灾害：geological hazards地裂缝：ground fissure管涌：piping泥石流：mud-rock flow滑坡：landslide指标：index (复indexes或indices)地震烈度：seismic intensity; earthquake intensity地震基本烈度：basic seismic intensity场地卓越周期：site predominant period建筑场地类型：site classification for construction 剪切波速：equivalent velocity of shear wave 静力触探：static cone penetration test 剪切波速测试：measurement of sheer-wave velocity 液化：liquefaction 地震影响：earthquake effects 地下水对混凝土无侵蚀性：the groundwater has little erosion to reinforced concrete 边坡：slope 锚固：anchoring 阶地：terrace 岩溶区：karst area 淤泥：sludge (muck) 风化：weather 冲积：alluvial (.adj.) 残积土：residual soil 填土：fill 人工杂填土：artificial mixed fills 粉土：silt. 粉砂：silty sand 细砂：fine sand 粗砂：coarse sand 砾石：gravel 卵石：cobble 漂石：block 海相粘土：marine clay 颗粒级配：grain size distribution 湿度：soil moisture 塑限：plastic limit 粘聚力：cohesion 塑性指数：plasticity index 物理力学指标：physical and mechanical indices 抗剪强度：shear strength 岩石抗压强度：comprehensive strength of rock 地基加固：ground stabilization 土壤加固：soil stabilization 挡土墙：retaining wall 胀－缩：swell-shrink 敏感性：susceptibility 膨胀灵敏度：swell sensitivity 超固结土：overconsolidated clay 翻译常用英语单词阐述：is presented; statement; be discussed 阐明：expound 涉及：deal with揭示：discover; show; exhibit 得出结论：draw a conclusion from; （或）：come to a conclusion 认为：firmly believe 建议：suggest 值：value 性质：properties, characteristics 厚度：thickness 在论文最后：at the end of the thesis 断定：conclude that--- 数量：quantity 确定：determine 拟建：a structure planning to build 证实：confirm 住宅楼：dwelling 综合办公楼：composite office building 小区：district 达到标准：come up to the standards 选择为：be chosen for 核实：make sure 统计：statistics (n) 统计数字：statistical figure 防治对策：prevention strategic measure 水量丰富：rich in water resources 组分：constituent 结果：as a consequence 引起：give rise to 地质类词汇 岩浆岩：igneous rock 变质岩：metamorphic rock 沉积岩：sedimentary 白云岩：dolomite 白云质灰岩：dolomitic limestone 凝灰岩：tuff 安山岩：andesite 花岗岩：granite 玄武岩：basalt 泥岩：mudstone 硅质页岩：siliceous shale板岩：slate（岩层）走向：strike（岩层）倾角：dip angle（岩层）产状：strike-dip（区域）地质构造：tectogenesis tectonic movement 构造活动性：tectonic activity张节理：tension joint活断层：active fault地裂缝：ground fissure粘土矿物：clay mineral 路桥基勘察：墩：pier桥墩：reinforced concrete bridge piers高速公路：express highway，expressway 国道：national way路基：roadbed路线：route路段：a section of a highway中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T 14157—93水文地质术语 Hydrogeologic terminology水文地质学 hydrogeology水文地质学原理(普通水文地质学)principles of hydrogeology(general hydrogeology) 地下水动力学 groundwater dynamics水文地球化学 hydrogeochemistry专门水文地质学applied hydrogeology供水水文地质学water supply hydrogeology矿床水文地质学 mine hydrogeology土壤改良水文地质学 reclamation hydrogeology环境水文地质学 environmental hydrogeology同位素水文地质学 isotopic hydrogeology区域水文地质学 regional hydrogeology古水文地质学 pa1eohydrogeology水循环 water cycle水圈 hydrosphere岩石圈 lithosphere包气带 aeration zone毛细带 capillary zone饱水带 saturated zone地下水动力垂直分带dynamical vertical zoning of groundwater大气降水 atmospheric precipitation地表水 surface water土壤水 soil water空隙 void。
爆破工程地质一般术语
爆破工程地质一般术语001 地质学geology研究地球及其成因、构造和演化规律的科学，已发展为由多个相关的分支学科，如地球物理学、构造地质学、地层学、岩石学、矿物学、地球化学、地史学、工程地质学、经济地质学等组成的科学。
002 地质年代geological age地球和地壳地质历史的编年，即地球、地层或地质事件发生的年代及年龄。
003 造岩元素rock-forming element地壳中分布最广、组成各类岩石的最主要元素。
如氧、硅、铝、铁、钙、钠、钾、镁这八种元素占了地壳总重量的98.56％，是构成地壳各类岩石的主要成分。
004 地球化学geochemistry指研究地球各部分的化学组成及导致元素和核素在这些部分中分布的物理和化学作用的学科。
005 矿物学mineralogy研究矿物的科学，发展到现代其研究内容实际上包括了四个主要方面：晶体化学、共生矿物学、描述矿物学和分类矿物学。
006 矿物mineral指具有特征化学成分，并能用化学式来表达的天然物质。
007 原生矿物primary mineral指在内生成岩和成矿条件下自岩浆熔体或热水溶液中结晶形成的矿物，如花岗岩中的石英、长石、云母，各种热液矿床中的黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿等均属原生矿物。
008 次生矿物secondary mineral指原生矿物形成后经受化学变化而生成的新的矿物。
如橄榄石经热液蚀变形成的蛇绸石和正长石风化时形成的高岭石，对原来的矿物而言均属次生矿物。
009 造岩矿物rock-forming mineral主要指组成岩石的矿物，大部分为硅酸盐和碳酸盐矿物。
据在具体岩石中所占数量的多寡又可分为主要矿物、次要矿物和副矿物。
010 金属矿物metallic minerals．ore minerals通常指具有明显金属性质(呈金属颜色，具金属或半金属光泽、不透明、导电性和导热性较好)，工业上一般能从中提取金属元素的矿物，如磁铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿等。
地质专用词汇
一、地质专用词语DAILY-USED DESCRIPIO(常用描述内容)：10.show显示：油显示及显示颜色(oil show & show color)：显示类型及气味(type of show & gas odor)：油类型(oil type)：例：Siltstone:粉砂岩（在MLREM中用SILTS）LT GY to LT BRNish GY ,Firm ,mod HD-HD, subplaty ,sandy I/P,V ARG I/P & occ Grade to very-fine sands, TR MICA & GYP, No CalC.浅灰~浅褐灰色，中硬、硬~极硬，次板状，局部细砂质，局部泥质重，少量为粉细砂级，少见云母及石膏，无钙质。
GY-DK GY,OCC BRN GY,FRM-MODHD,SL Arg I/P & occ grade to fine sands , contained BLKcarb matter, TR MICA.灰~深灰色，偶见褐灰色，中硬、硬，局部少量泥质，局部见细砂级颗粒，含黑色碳质矿物，少量云母。
Claystone(泥岩)：LT GY to LT BRNish GY, OCC LT GRNish GY, mot in PRts BLKY to subblky occ amorphous, soft , Locally sticky in part , occ frm in prc & non-calc, very SLTY in prts, TR carb in prt.浅灰~褐灰色，少见浅绿灰色，局部杂色，块~次块状，少量为不定形状，软，局部粘，少量硬，无灰质，局部含砂质及少量碳质。
SHALE(页岩)：GY-GRNish GY , occ prblish –RD, DK-RD , BLKY to subblky , Firm-mod HD, non-calc , very SLTY in prts , TR carb in PRT.灰~绿灰色，少量紫红色、暗红色，片~次片状，硬~中硬，无钙质，局部砂质重，局部见少量碳质。
地质专业词汇
大地构造Geotectonics陆缘盆地epicontinental basin活动带mobile belt白云岩dolomite韧性—脆性剪切带ductile-brittle- shear belt 硅化silicification,碳酸盐化carbonation黄铁矿化pyritization.延深depth extent似层状stratoid透镜状lentoid他形-自形结构xenotopic-idiotopic fabric碎裂cataclastic包含inclusion交代残余metasomatic relict镶边结构rimmed texture.浸染impregnation,蜂窝honeycomb团块crumb黄铜矿chalcopyrite方铅矿galenite磁铁矿magnetite方解石calcite绿泥石chlorite铁白云石ankerite菱铁矿siderite包裹encapsulation.浸出率extracted recovery氰化cyanidation氰化物cyanide第三纪tertiary第四纪Quaternary侏罗纪的Jurassic二叠系Permian石炭系carboniferous下石炭统culm上泥盆系upper Devonian志留系Silurian元古界proterozoic次火山岩subvolcanic不整合界线unconformable boundary [22:59:07] hfjinghua 说：白云石dolomite 白云母muscovite白钨矿scheelite斑铜矿bornite冰晶石cryolite冰洲石Iceland spar长英矿物felsic长石Feldspar钾长石potash feldspar纳长石albite辰砂cinnabar赤铁矿Hematite磁黄铁矿pyrrhotite蛋白石opal毒砂arsenopyrite方硼石boric spar方解石calcite方铅矿galena ,galenite氟石flourite橄榄石olivine高岭土kaolin ,kaoline刚玉adamantine spar硅灰石tabular spar硅硼钙石dystome spar黑铅矿black-lead spar黑云母biotite海绿石glauconite褐铁矿limonite红柱石andalusite滑石talc辉钼矿molybdenite辉石Pyroxene辉铜矿chalcocite黄铜矿chalcopyrite黄玉topaz绢云母sericite角闪石hornblende绢石bastite孔雀石malachite拉长石labrador spar篮闪石glaucophane磷灰石apatite, phosphorite 菱铁矿siderite菱镁矿magnesite绿泥石chlorite绿帘石epidote犬牙石dog-tooth spar蛇纹石serpentine石膏Gypsum石榴石garnet石墨Graphite石棉asbestos燧石Chert闪锌矿blende闪锌矿Sphalerite铁菱镁矿brown spar透辉石diopside透闪石tremolite天蓝石blue spar斜长石plagioclase夕线石sillimanite霰石aragonite矽矿石wollastonite阳起石actinolite硬石膏anhydrite萤石fluorite叶蜡石agalmatolite , agolite玉髓chalcedony正长石Orthoclase重晶石barite有色金属non-ferrous metal稀有金属rare metal稀土金属rare earth metal碧玉jasper宙aeon (eon) 宇eonothem代era 界erathem纪period 系system世epoch 统series太古代Archaeozoic adj: Archean 元古界proterozoic古生代Paleozoic寒武系cambrian奥陶系ordovician志留系Silurian泥盆系Devonian石炭系carboniferous二叠系Permian中生代Mesozoic三迭纪Triassic侏罗纪的Jurassic白垩纪cretaceous新生界cenozoic第三纪tertiary第四纪Quaternary上更新统epipleistocene全新统holocene古新统Paleocene epochNeogene 晚第三纪(的),上第三系(的)岩石学Petrology岩性Lithology岩石圈Lithosphere基岩Bedrock围岩country rock捕虏体xenolith伟晶岩Pegmatite斑状phyre斑晶Phenocryst斑岩porphyry花岗闪长斑岩granodiorite porphyry 花岗闪长岩granodiorite闪长岩diorite正长岩syenite二长花岗岩adamellite斜长角闪岩plagioamphibolite角闪石hornblende角闪岩amphibolite花岗斑岩granite porphyry流纹岩rhyolite流纹斑岩rhyolite porphyry英安岩dacite变粒岩granulite变质岩metamorphosed rock变质metamorphose片麻岩gneiss片岩Schist玄武岩Basalt千枚岩phyllite斜长片麻岩plagiogneissacidic lava酸性熔岩basaltic lava玄武岩火山石basic lavas基性熔岩intermediate lava中性熔岩rhyolitic lava流纹岩熔岩tuff lava凝灰熔岩凝灰岩tuff熔结凝灰岩cemented tuff火成岩pluton碎屑岩clasolite云英岩greisen板岩，石板slate砾岩conglomerate粉砂岩siltstone砾石gravel安山岩andesite页岩的shaly页岩shale蒸发岩Evaporite橄榄岩Peridotite辉长岩Gabbro辉绿岩diabase鲕状岩Oolite榴辉岩eclogite辉石橄榄岩pyrolite混合岩migmatite糜棱岩mylonite角砾岩breccia碎裂岩cataclasite胶结物agglutinate; cement胶结物质binding material岩浆magma侵进岩浆aggressive magma异常岩浆anomalous magma台阶岩浆bench magma乳浊岩浆emulsive magma母岩浆mother [parental] magma原始岩浆primary magma网状填充组织reticular magma流纹岩岩浆rhyolitic magma浸染状矿化disseminated mineralization 岩株laccolith, stock岩盆lopolith岩盖laceolith岩基batholith基质matrix显晶质结构phanerocrystalline texture隐晶质结构cryptocrystalline texture铁镁质矿物mafic mineral层理bedding形态conformation, configuration, form, shape 产状attitude赋存occurrence露头outcrop背斜anticline向斜syncline节理joint断距fault throw深断裂deep fault水系沉积stream sediment圈定delineate铁帽gossan裸露bareness峡谷Canyon地槽Geosynaline地堑Graben河床Channel冲沟gully沟头ditch head, 沟口ditch outlet分水岭drainage divide冰川Glacier冰斗cirque地层stratum地层学stratigraph地幔Mantle陆块Landmass阶地terrace冲积层alluvium残积物eluvium洪积物diluvium洪积锥diluvial cone风积物Aeolian sediment层状stratiform沉积Deposition表土层overburden淀积层illuvium沙丘sand dune岩床Sill岩脉dike不整合unconformity假整合disconformitity侵入体，侵入岩intrusion intrusive不整合侵入discordant intrusion主侵入体major intrusions重复侵入multiple intrusion环状裂缝侵入体ring fracture intrusion沉积侵入sedimentary intrusion推覆体decken/ nappe旋回cycle 构造旋回tectonic cycle构造运动tectogenetic movement，tectonic movement 褶皱foldclosed fold闭合褶皱complex fold复褶皱composite fold复合褶皱concordant fold整合褶皱pitching fold伏褶皱shear fold剪切褶皱收缩shrink伸展extend韧性tenacity, toughness剪切带shear zone变形deformation, distortion逆冲thrusting造岩的Rock-forming脆性brittleness , fragility硅化silicify , siliconizing渗透性permeability风化Weathering水解作用hydrolysis水化作用hydration磨蚀作用abrasion侵蚀erosion剥蚀suffusion冲刷scour溶蚀corrosion均质的Homogeneous外围的peripheral海洋性oceanity洋脊oceanic ridge陆架continental shelf大陆边缘continental margin山弧mountain garland对流圈convection cell热带Torrid zone降雨量rainfall霜期frost period冰劈riving填图map spotting, charting视电阻率apparent resistivity梯度gradient地质力学Geomechanics地形学Topography水圈Hydrosphere深成的hypogene大队brigade内力endogeneous外力exogeneous丰度abundance同质多像polymorphism类质同像isomorphism菱面体rhombohedron八面体octagon晶簇crystalline group钟乳状stalactine结核状nodule光泽luster条痕streak解理cleavage络阴离子complex anion火山碎屑pyroclast火山口crater破火山口caldera火山通道volcanic vent死火山extinct volcano超基性岩浆ultrabasic magma SiO2〈45% 基性岩浆basic magma= 玄武岩浆basaltic magma SiO2 45~52% 中性岩浆intermediate magma=安山岩浆andesite magma SiO2 52~65% 酸性岩浆acidic magma=花岗岩浆graniteic magma SiO2 〉65% 熔岩锥lava volcanic cone同化作用assimilation混染作用contamination结晶分异作用crystallization differentiation水合作用hydration交代作用metasomatism变晶crystalloblast变余palimpsest震中epicenter海啸tsunami陨石meteorite溶沟karren溶洞karst cave石芽stone bud钟乳石stalactite石笋stalagmite底栖生物benthos珊瑚coral腕足类brachiopoda苔藓虫bryozoan游泳生物nekton浮游生物plankton藻类algae有孔虫foraminifera放射虫radiolarian硅藻diatom海绵sponge黄土loess滑坡slump泥石流debris flow等值线contour, isoline似层状构造stratoid structure[22:59:09] hfjinghua 说：1)regional geology summary –区域地质总结2)property geology summary –矿床（矿区）地质总结，比区域地质小点范围3)comprehensive geology map –矿区工程分布图，图上将部分化探，探槽，钻孔等标在地形图上。
“工程地质”主要术语（词汇）及用...
“工程地质”主要术语（词汇）及用...“工程地质”主要术语（词汇）及用法slope failure,rockfall, ,landslide等★landslide area e.g. We cannot be certain whether landslides did or did not occur in the regions outside of the mapped landslide area.★landslide dam★landslide distribution e.g. Empirical studies suggest that the bedrock lithology, slope, seismic intensity, topographical amplification of ground motion, fracture systems in the underlying bedrock, groundwater conditions, and also the distribution of pre existing landslides all have some impact on the landslide distribution, among factors.★landslide hazard modeling e.g. The main objective of landslide hazard modeling is to predict areas prone to landslides either spatially or temporally.★landslide inventories e.g. In order to apply this approach to a global data set, we use multiple landslide inventories to calibrate the model. Using the model formula previously determined (using the Wenchuan earthquake data), we use the four datasets discussed in Section 1.3.1 in our global database to determine the coefficients for the global model.★landslide probability model e.g. The resulting database is used to build a predicative model of the probability of landslide occurrence.★landslide susceptibility★landslide observation e.g. Cells are classified as landslides if any portion of that grid cell contains a landslide observation, in order to easily incorporate binary observations into the logisticregression.★landslides e.g. Substantial effort has been invested to understand where seismically inducedlandslides may occur in the future, as they are a costly and frequently fatal threat in mountainous regions; Performance of the regression model is assessed using statistical goodness-of-fit metrics and a qualitative review to determine which combination of the proxies provides both the optimum predication of landslide-affected areas and minimizes the false alarms in non-landslide zones; Approximately 5% of all earthquake-related fatalities are caused by seismically induced landslides, in some cases causing a majority of non-shaking deaths; Possible case histories of earthquake-triggered landslides to add to the global dataset include….★landslip★limit equilibrium methods★line slo pe profile★linearly e.g. In order to determine if such an increase in water levels could be the cause of increased down slope movement the bottom head boundary condition of both the Shetran and Flac-tp model was increased linearly by 0 to 4 m over the length of the lower slope and linearly by 4 to 5 m over the length of the upper slope.★low angle failure★lower slope★macroscopic indicators e.g. Unsaturated residual shear strength can also be used as a macroscopic indicator of the nature of micro-structural changes experienced by the soils when subjected to drying.★material parameters★mechanical analysis★mechanical landslide modeling e.g. These data were originally calculated for the purpose of mechanical landslide modeling, and are used here as a statistical constraint on landslide susceptibility.★mechanical parameters★mechanical propertied★mechanical response★mechanical strains★mechanism e.g. The output pore water pressure were coupled to a mechanical analysis using the Flac-tp flow program in an attempt to distinguish the mechanisms active within the slope which were likely to produce the recorded pore water pressure.★medium to low compressibility★mid height★mine tailings dams e.g. This paper reviews these factors, covering the characteristics, types and magnitudes, environmental impacts, and remediation of mine tailings dam failures.★minimal e.g. The brown sand and gravel at depth were also omitted from the model as their effects on the surface failure were assumed to be minimal.★minimum e.g. This conceptual model allowed the deformation of elements within the slope to be kept to a minimum.★moisture content e.g. We use the Compound T opographic Index (CTI) to represent moisture content of the area.★model output★moment inertia★monitoring campaign★movement e.g. At this time the measured displacement showed a sharp up slope movement followed by a steady but increasing down slope movement; …when a sudden down slope movement was measured; the nature of the event was uncertain yet it could be seen that the increase in down slope movement occurred after the water level increase.★movement rates★null hypothesis e.g. We also use the p-values (defined as the probability of finding a test statistic value as great as the observed test statistic value, assuming that the null hypothesis is true) in order to assess the significance of each regression coefficient. In this case, the null hypothesis is that the regression coefficient is equal to zero. We reject the null hypothesis if the p-value is less than the significance value (α) we choose; here, we useα=0.001, corresponding to a 99% confidence level. Therefore if p<α, we reject the null hypothesis, and thereby assume that the regression coefficient is not equal to zero, and equals the computed value (Peng et al., 2002).★numerical studies e.g. Those numerical studies mentioned above successfully validated the usage of supplemental means for the full scale tests and also contributed to develop and optimize new type of rockfall barrier system effectively. However, very little research has been devoted to the more practical analysis of the optimal rockfall barrier system over the various unfavorable impact conditions which can usually happen in actual field conditions.★overlying★parametric stu dy★peak ground acceleration e.g. Estimates of the peak groundacceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV) for each event are adapted from the USGS Shakemap Atlas 2.0 (Garcia et al., 2012)★peak ground velocity★peak strengths★peak values of movement★periodic surface erosion★periodic walkover surveys★permeability★perspective e.g. Despite the shortcomings in site data from a modelers' perspective, the situation was typical of current instrumentation practice for a problem slope.★phreatic s urface e.g. The slope, however, was observed to remain largely saturated for most of the year with a phreatic surface near or at the surface.★plasticity★plasticity index★pore pressure★pore pressure fluctuations★pore pressure transfer★pore pressure va riations★pore water pressure★predictor variables e.g. We begin modeling by assessing qualitative relationships within the data, moving forward by using logistic regression as a statistical method for establishing a functional form between the predictor variables and the outcomes (Figure 3). We iterate over combinations of predictor variables and outcomes within the model, focusing first on one training event (Wenchuan, China), with the ultimate goal of expanding the analysis to global landslide datasets.★preferential drainage paths★previously e.g. As discussed previously,…★probability of landslide occurrence★profile★progressive failure 渐进破坏 e.g. (Abstract of a paper entitled “Progressive Failure of Lined Waste Impoundments”) “Progressive failure can o ccur along geosynthetic interfaces (土工合成材料界面) in lined waste landfills when peak strengths are greater than residual strengths. A displacement-softening formulation for geosynthetic interfaces was used in finite-elementanalyses of lined waste impoundments to evaluate the significance of progressive failure effects. First, the Kettleman Hills landfill was analyzed, and good agreement was found between the calculated and observed failure heights. Next, parametric analyses of municipal solid waste landfills were performed. Progressive failure was significant in all cases. Limit equilibrium analyses were also performed, and recommendations are provided for incorporating progressive failure effects in limit equilibrium analyses of municipal solid waste landfills”.★range★reference★reference grid point e.g. Due to the different grids of the Flac-tv flow model and the Shetran model there was no reference grid point, for which readings could be taken, at the exact same depth for both models. The closest similar reference points were at 1.91m depth for the Flac-tv flow model and 1.5 m depth for the Shetran model.★reliability e.g. Full scale rockfall tests to assess the reliabilityof the structure and also to investigate the interactions of the rockfall catchfence subjected to the impacts were carried out by Peila et al.★residual failure surface★residual friction angles★residual shear strength parameters★residual slope failure★residual strengths★restitution coefficient★rigid body mechaics★rock mass★rockfall barrier system e.g. Since the impact response of the rockfall catchfence has complicated phenomena caused by materials elastic and plastic behaviors of each member (i.e. steel post, nets and cables, etc.) and also influenced by various factors; such as impact angle, impact energy, dimension of block, strength of each member, mechanical stiffness of rockfall catchfence, etc., many researchers have devoted efforts to make a more comprehensive understanding of various facets of rockfall barrier system.★rockf all catchfences e.g. For the mitigation measure of rockfall hazards, rockfall catchfences are widely adapted in the potential hazard area to intercept and hold the falling materials.★rockfall hazards e.g. The road has been exposed to high potential rockfall hazards as a result of the fractured columnar natural slope condition with post tectonic joints.★rockfall protection kits★rockfall protection mesh★root cause★root cause of elevated pore pressure★rooting depth★rotational slope failure★saturated so ils★seasonal pore pressure conditions★seasonal affects★seasonal fluctuations in embankment pore water pressures ★section★shallow angle★shallow slips★shear strength★shear strength parameters e.g. In the second phase of the simulation, the shear strength parameters (c,f) were input into the model.★shortcomings e.g. Despite the shortcomings in site data from a modelers' perspective, the situation was typical of current instrumentation practice for a problem slope.★significantly e.g. These failures wer e sufficiently shallow that they did not significantly affect the overall stability of the slope.★simulate e.g. Furthermore, a parametric study was conducted on the permeability to get the best fit between recorded and simulated data.★site walkover surve y★slightly e.g. There was a drop in water levels with the simulation but this occurred slightly before the recorded drop and the magnitude was approximately half of that recorded. The water levels within the simulation recovered at approximately the same time as the recorded water levels but the water levels peaked at just below the previous high at slightly under 6 m AOD; "This showed that for the latter half of the simulation there wasno significant increase in rainfall; there was actually a slight decrease."★slip indicator readings★slip mass e.g. Assuming an average failure depth of 6 m, the total estimated volume of the slipped mass was in excess 18,900m3.★slip movement★slope★slope angle★slope crest★slope failure 边坡破坏★slope geometry★slope mate rial properties e.g. The dynamic interaction between falling blocks and slope of the CRSP is calculated by empirically driven functions incorporating velocity, friction and slope material properties.★slope stability analysis★slope stability assessments e.g. The RS unit is suitable for testing both fully-softened shear strength and residual shear strength parameters that can be used for slope stability assessments of various scenarios.★slope-stability methods★slope toe★slope value e.g. Median, minimum, and maximum slope values calculated from Shuttle Radar T opography Mission (SRTM) elevation data by Verdian et al. (2007) are used in tests of the model.★soft clay★soil bearing capacity e.g. Analysis of slopes, embankments, and soil bearing capacity, on the other hand, requires goodestimations of shear strength from peak to residual.★soil slope★soil stiffness e.g. Calculation of foundation settlement, for instance, requires a good estimation of soil stiffness at relatively small strains.★soil water cha racteristic curve e.g. There was limited information regarding the soil water characteristic curve of the materials.★soil wetness★stability★steep slope e.g. The same was true for the steep slope entering the river.★steep topographic slope e.g. Areas of steep topographic slope are often associated with active faulting and hence, likely areas of strong ground shaking.★stiffness★spatial distribution e.g. The spatial distribution of seismically induced landslides is dependent on certain physical characteristics of the area in which they occur.★study area e.g. The study area is located along route 5 in the boroughs of Fort Lee and Edgewater, Bergen County, NJ where high level of cliff, 10 to 27 m high, exists along the road as shown in Fig.1; The paper discusses a fundamental geology and geomechanics of the study area first and then statistical rockfall analysis using Colorado Rock Fall Simulation Program has been performed to estimate the critical impact condition and the capacity of rockfall barrier system required. Finally, a series of three dimensional dynamic finite element analyes is performed to provide additional verification of the design criterion made by CRSP analysis and to suggest the detailed design parameters toaccommodate specific field conditions.★summarize e.g. The realistic and modeled root depth distributions are summarized in Fig.11 and vegetation properties are summarized in Table 3.★surface boundary condition★surface geology★surface irregularity★surface pore water pressure★surface roughness★swell-induced soil movements e.g. The developed correlations, along with the existing models, were then used to predict vertical soil swell movements of four case studies where swell-induced soil movements were monitored.★swell-induced volume changes★tailings e.g. Extraction of the targeted resource results in the concurrent production of a significant volume of waste material, including tailings, which are mixtures of crushed rock and processing fluids from mills, washeries or concentrators that remain after the extraction of economic metals, minerals, mineral fuels or coal; The volume of tailings is normally far in excess of the liberated resource, and the tailings often contain potentially hazardous contaminants; A priority for a reasonable and responsible mining organization must be to proactively isolate the tailings so as to forestall them from entering groundwaters, rivers, lakes and the wind.★tailings dams e.g. It is therefore accepted practice for tailings to be stored in isolated impoundments under water and behind dams.★tension crack of the slip★tension cracks★threshold e.g. For example, if we define 20% probability of a landslide to be the threshold, any probability equal to or greater than 20% will then be defined as a landslide prediction; By evaluating the percentage of true positives and true negatives from a model, we can decide upon the optimum-probability threshold for classification as a landslide prediction; this optimum value is in turn dependent upon the balance between high values of true positives and true negatives with low values of false positives and false negatives.★time interval★top boundary★top of the slope★topographic slope★topographical survey★unit weight data★unsaturated hydrological properties★unsaturated soils e.g. To date, however, there is very limited experimental evidence of unsaturated soil behavior under large deformations, and the corresponding residual shear strength properties, while the soil is being subjected to controlled-suction states.★upper slope★value e.g. Therefore low CTI values result from higher slope values and small drainage areas, whereas high CTI values result from lower slope values and larger drainage areas. Note that this value does not consider wetness contributed from the climate of an area, but is purely dependent on the topographic influence on wetness.★variation★volume change properties★water level e.g. The Shetran simulation showed that there was no reason for such a largewater level drop mid simulation and again no reason for a new higher water table during the latter half of the simulation; the low water levels occurred during the summer months, when evapotranspiration is highest; from the measured results it could be seen that an event took place which resulted in elevated water levels in the upper part of the lower slope; from Fig.16 it can be seen that the water levels below the upper slope increase by almost 4 m and the water levels at the BH105 location increase by just less than 1 m; such an increase corresponds to water levels in the latter period of monitoring.★water level variance★water regime e.g. From these preliminary analyses it could be seen that the water regime within the slope was governed by more than the surface processes investigated; therefore, a fully coupled hydromechanical model of the slope was run to see if any light could be shed on the pore water pressure regime.★water table e.g. The report stated that this water table rise occurred as a result of heavy rainfall.。
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chimney 烟囱(3)
circular double—layer suspended cable 圆形双层悬索(6)
circular single—layer suspended cable 圆形单层悬索(6)
characteristic value of masonry strength 砌体强度标准值(44) ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
characteristic value of permanent action· 永久作用标准值(14)
characteristic value of snowload 雪荷载标准值(15)
characteristic value of variable action 可变作用标准值(14)
characteristic value of vertical crane load 吊车竖向荷载标准值(15)
charaeteristic value of material strength 材料强度标准值(18)
cap of reinforced concrete column 钢筋混凝土柱帽(27)
carbonation of concrete 混凝土碳化(30)
cast-in—situ concrete slab column structure 现浇板柱结构
cast-in—situ concrete structure 现浇混凝土结构(25)
block 砌块(43)
block masonry 砌块砌体(44)
block masonry structure 砌块砌体结构(41)
blow hole 气孔(62)
board 板材(65)
bolt 螺栓(54)
bolted connection (钢结构)螺栓连接(59)
calculating overturning point 计算倾覆点(46)
calculation of load-carrying capacity of member 构件承载能力计算(10)
camber of structural member 结构构件起拱(22)
cantilever beam 挑梁(42)
A
acceptable quality 合格质量
acceptance lot 验收批量
aciera 钢材
admixture 外加剂
against slip coefficient between friction surface of high-strength
bolted connection 高强度螺栓摩擦面抗滑移系数
aggregate 骨料
air content 含气量
air-dried timber 气干材
allowable ratio of height to sectional thickness of masonry wall or
column 砌体墙、柱容许高厚比
allowable slenderness ratio of steel member 钢构件容许长细比
steel memher(beam-column) 钢压弯构件等效弯矩系数(58)
cold bend inspection of steelbar 冷弯试验(39)
cold drawn bar 冷拉钢筋(28)
cold drawn wire 冷拉钢丝(29)
cold—formed thin—walled sectionsteel 冷弯薄壁型钢(53)
circumferential weld 环形焊缝(60)
classfication for earthquake—resistance of buildings· 建筑结构抗震设防类别(9)
clear height 净高(21)
clincher 扒钉(?0)
coefficient of equivalent bending moment of eccentrically loaded
compression member with small eccentricity· 小偏心受压构件(32)
compressive strength at an angle with slope of grain 斜纹承压强度(66)
compressive strength perpendicular to grain 横纹承压强度(66)
bark pocket 夹皮
batten plate 缀板
beam 次梁
bearing plane of notch 齿承压面(67)
bearing plate 支承板(52)
bearing stiffener 支承加劲肋(52)
bent-up steel bar 弯起钢筋(35)
characteristic value of cubic concrete compressive strength 混凝土立方体抗压强度标准值(29)
characteristic value of earthquake action 地震作用标准值(16)
characteristic value of horizontal crane load 吊车水平荷载标准值(15)
characteristi cvalue o fwindload 风荷载标准值(16)
characteristic value of concrete compressive strength 混凝土轴心抗压强度标准值(30)
characteristic value of concrete tensile strength 混凝土轴心抗拉标准值(30)
bolted joint (木结构)螺栓连接(69)
bolted steel structure 螺栓连接钢结构(50)
bonded prestressed concrete structure 有粘结预应力混凝土结构(24)
bow 顺弯(71)
brake member 制动构件(7)
allowable value of deformation of steel member 钢构件变形容许值
allowable value of deformation of structural member 构件变形容许值
allowable value of drift angle of earthquake resistant structure 抗震结构层间位移角限值
broad—leaved wood 阔叶树材(65)
building structural materials 建筑结构材料(17)
building structural unit 建筑结构单元(
building structure 建筑结构(2
built—up steel column 格构式钢柱(51
breadth of wall between windows 窗间墙宽度(46)
brick masonry 砖砌体(44)
brick masonry column 砖砌体柱(42)
brick masonry structure 砖砌体结构(41)
brick masonry wall 砖砌体墙(42)
cold-formed thin-walled steel structure·‘ 冷弯薄壁型钢结构(50)
cold—rolled deformed bar 冷轧带肋钢筋(28)
column bracing 柱间支撑(7)
combination value of live load on floor or roof 楼面、屋面活荷载组合值(15)
characteristic value of strength of steel 钢材强度标准值(55)
characteristic value of strength of steel bar 钢筋强度标准值(31)
characteristic value of uniformly distributed live load 均布活标载标准值(14)
automatic welding 自动焊接
auxiliary steel bar 架立钢筋
B
backfilling plate 垫板
balanced depth of compression zone 界限受压区高度
balanced eccentricity 界限偏心距
bar splice 钢筋接头
arch 拱
arch with tie rod 拉捍拱
arch—shaped roof truss 拱形屋架
area of shear plane 剪面面积
area of transformed section 换算截面面积
aseismic design 建筑抗震设计
assembled monolithic concrete structure 装配整体式混凝土结构
compaction 密实度(37)
compliance control 合格控制(23)
composite brick masonry member 组合砖砌体构件(42)
composite floor system 组合楼盖(8)
composite floor with profiled steel sheet 压型钢板楼板(8)