初中英语主谓一致讲解与练习

主谓语的一致性

语法要点

句子的主语和谓语之间存在着一致性的关系，主语是单数时，要求谓语动词也用单数形式，主语是复数时，要求谓语动词也用复数形式。

一、名词作主语时的主谓一致

1.可数名词作主语时

当可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的数与主语的单复数相一致。

His sister is a nurse.

His sisters are nurses.

2.不可数名词作主语时

当不可数名词作主语时，不管其数量是多少，无论是否受a lot of, a great deal of, much , too much, little, a little等表示数量多少的词或词组修饰，谓语动词都要用单数形式。

Water is necessary to everyone.

Too much salt does a lot of harm to your health.

3.集体名词作主语时

集体名词，如family, class, group, team, crowd等，若指一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若指这一个整体的所有成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。

The family is very big.

Her family are watching TV.

4.单复数形式相同的词作主语时

单复数同形的名词，如sheep, means, works(作品)等作主语时，如果前面有every, a , such a, this, that等修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式；若其前面有all, these, those等修饰时，谓语动词要用复数形式。有the时，要根据句子所要表达的意思而定。

The sheep he lost in the flood has been found. 一只羊（单）

The sheep he lost in the flood have been found. 特定的一些羊（复）

All his sheep were lost in the flood.

5.表示民族、语言的名词作主语时

有些词既可以表示民族，又可以表示这个民族所使用的语言。当表示民族时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示语言时，谓语动词用单数形式。

The Chinese love peace.

Chinese is a very difficult language to learn.

二、不定代词作主语时的主谓一致

1.Something, everything, anything, nothing, everybody, anybody, nobody, everyone, anyone等复合不定代词，以及neither (neither of), each(each of ), each one, no one, another等代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Neither of the answers is right.

Something is wrong with my bike.

Each day is better than the one before.

2.both, few, a few, many, several, others及他们所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。

Few people can live to 100.

Both of them have gone to the shop.

三、其他词类作主语时的主谓一致

1.不定式、动名词以及从句作主语

当不定式、动名词、从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如果用and 把两个相同成分连起来，谓语动词用复数。

Swimming is a good exercise.

To die for the people is a good honor.

Why he did it and how he did it are the questions only himself could answer.

2.定冠词the+某些形容词作主语时

英语中有些形容词前面加the可以用来表示一类人，如果这些词作主语，谓语动词用复数。常见的有：the young, the old, the rich, the poor, the alive, the dead, the fallen, the blind, the deaf等。

The rich are not as happy as the poor have expected.

The young should help the old.

四、主语和谓语之间有插入语时的主谓一致

如果主语和谓语之间有插入语时，如as well as, together with, besides, in addition to, including, except, but, like, unlike, rather than等时，谓语动词的数同插入语修饰的主语要相一致，插入语对主语的单复数不构成影响。

Mary, together with her teachers, is going to dance.

The teacher with his students has gone to the library.

试比较：The teacher and his students have gone to the library.

五、主谓一致的就近原则

由either... or, neither....nor, not only...but also, or等连接的两个成分作主语时，谓语动词的数依据就近原则，取决于其相邻的名词的数。

Not only the students but also the teacher is greatly delighted.

Neither he nor I know anything about it. 我和他都不知道相关情况。

习题：

1.Neither the girls nor the teacher ________ going to visit New York on Sunday.

A.are

B. is

C. were

D. was

2.All but one worker ______ here just now.

A.is

B. was

C. has been

D. were

3.Mathematics ________ a very important role.

A.played

B. plays

C. play

D.will have played

4.They as well as I ________ in fishing.

A.are interesting

B. am interested

C. is interested

D. are interested

5.Dr. Johnson, together with his wife and children, __________ photos on the Great Wall.

A.as seen take

B. were seen take

C. was seen taking

D.were seen taking

6.Two-thirds of the children _______ from worker’s families.

es

B. come

C. has came

D. have come

7.The Arabian Nights __________ a very famous novel.

A.is

B. are

C. was

D. were

8.To get up early in the morning _________ a lot of good for your health.

A.do

B. will do

C.did

D. does

9.One pair of glasses _______ enough for this girl.

A.has not

B. have not

C. are not

D. is not

10.The police _______ a thief all around the building.

A.is searching for

B. are searching for

C. searches for

D. has been searching for