2015上海高考复习资料完全整理合集(word版,共59页)

合集下载

2015年高考英语上海(部分)(已编辑版)

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)III. Reading ComprehensionSection AIf you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 to people’s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First ImpressionTo help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their 58 judgements often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 60 KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. artificial53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle54. A. seated B. impressed C. changed D. erased55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D.positon56. A. illustrations B. imaginations C. ingredients D. instructors57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall58. A. critical B. initial C. random D.mature59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question60. A. Nose B . Eye C. Heart D. Hand61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted63. A. emotion B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. asses65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. IrritatingSection B(A)Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in themovie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms o f life art during several years of research around the world.For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard.The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing works called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the people of Brussels, this was a defining moment of defining freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechselauten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Boogg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Boogg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.67. “The heyday of the snowman” (paragraph 4) means the time when___________.A. snowmen were made mainly by artistsB. snowmen enjoyed great popularityC. snowmen were politically criticizedD. snowmen caused damaging floods68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.A. the start of the paradeB. the coming of a longer summerC. the passing of the winterD. the success of tradesmen69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?A. They were appreciated in historyB. They have lost their valueC. They were related to moviesD. They vary in shape and size(B)The Curse of the Were-Rabbit(2005) is the first full-length featurefilm made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazingplasticine(2006, and if you watch it, you’ll understand why. It’s anbrilliant cartoon comedy.Cheese-loving inventor Wallace and his brainy dog Gromit havestarted a company to protect the town’s vegetables from hungryrabbits. However, just before the annual Giant VegetableCompetition, an enormous rabbit begins terrorising the town. It isattacking all the vegetables and destroying everything in its path.The competition organizer, Lady Tottington, hires Wallace andGromit to catch the monster alive. But they will have to find thewere-rabbit before gun-crazy hunter Victor Quartermaine who isdesperate to kill it.The screenplay is witty and full of amusing visual jokes. As usual,the voice of Peter Sallis is absolutely perfect for the role of Wallace,and Gromit is so beautifully brought to life, he can express a hugerange of emotions without saying a word. And both HelenaBonham-Carter, who plays the part of Lady Tottington, and RalphFiennes as Victor are really funny.To sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film whichis suitable for both children and adults. If you liked Wallace andGromit’shumour, you’ll love this film. Don’t miss it!70. In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly about?A. The introduction to the leading rolesB. The writer’s opinion o f actingC. The writer’s comments on the storyD. The background information71. According to the film review, “monster” (paragraph B) refers to ______.A. a gun-crazy hunterB. a brainy dogC. a scary rabbitD. a giant vegetable72. Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?A. It’s full of wit and humour.B. Its characters show feelings without words.C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.D. It is about the harmony between man and animals.(C)One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the rol e of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said. “He was a traitor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to endeavor,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporateAmerica have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar , sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆）of Brutus to take up arms against the what was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organism.Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes, contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that t hey felt related Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving as a business when and how do you resist the boss?73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?A. Cruel.B. Superior.C. Honorable.D. Bade74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to ________.A. help executives to understand Sha kespeare’s plays betterB. give advice on leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s playsC. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshopsD. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.D. To warn executives against power misuse.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.A. the Adelmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.77. The best title for the passage is _____.A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate cultureB. S hakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business successC. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesson for business motivationD. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic resultsI. Translation1.美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。

2015年高考真题——英语(上海卷)Word版含答案

考生注意：考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（填空题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

【备战2015高考】全国2015届高中英语试题汇编(10月上)：V单元上海 Word版含解析

L单元上海目录L单元上海 (1)V1 语法填空（一） (1)V2.语法填空（二） (3)V3 选词填空 (4)V4 完形填空 (4)V5.阅读表达 (4)V6.汉译英 (4)V7写作 (4)V1语法填空（一）【英语卷（解析）·2015届西藏拉萨中学高三上学期第一次月考（201409）】第二节：语法填空(共10小题；每小题1. 5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填人适当内容（不多于3个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式。

并将答案填写在答题卡标号为6l-70的相应位置上。

Once a man came to Allah (安拉) and said, “Oh Allah, I have many bad habits. Which one should I give up first?” Allah said, “Give up telling lies first and always tell the truth.” The man promised to do 61 and went home.At night the man was about to go out to steal. Before setting out, he thought for a moment about the promise he made 62 Allah. “If tomorrow Allah asks me where I have been, what should I say? Should I say that I went out 63 (steal)? No, I cannot say that. If I tell the truth, everyone will start hating me and call 64 a thief.I would 65(punish) for stealing. But 66 can I lie.”So the man decided not to steal that night, and gave up this bad habit.Next day, when he was about to drink wine, he also remembered 67 he promised to Allah, so he gave up 68 idea of drinking wine. In this way, 69 the man thought of doing something bad, he remembered his promise to tell the truth 70 all times. One by one, he gave up all his bad habits.【答案】【知识点】V1 语法填空（一）【文章综述】语法填空重点考查学生的英语语言基础知识的应用，主要涉及时态、语态、名词性从句、连词等。

2015年高考上海卷文数试题解析(精编版)(解析版)

2015年高考上海卷文数试题解析（精编版）（解析版）一．填空题（本大题共14小题，满分56分）考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律零分）1.函数x x f 2sin 31)(-=的最小正周期为 . 【答案】π2.设全集R =U .若集合}4,3,2,1{=A ，}32|{<≤=x x B ，则=)(B C A U . 【答案】}4,1{【解析】因为}32|{<≤=x x B ，所以2|{<=x x B C U 或}3≥x ，又因为}4,3,2,1{=A ，所以}4,1{)(=B C A U . 【考点定位】集合的运算.3.若复数z 满足i z z +=+13，其中i 是虚数单位，则=z . 【答案】i 2141+ 【解析】设),(R ∈+=b a bi a z ，则bi a -=，因为i z z +=+13，所以i bi a bi a +=-++1)(3，即i bi a +=+124，所以⎩⎨⎧==1214b a ，即⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧==2141b a ，所以i z 2141+=. 【考点定位】复数的概念，复数的运算.4.设)(1x f-为12)(+=x xx f 的反函数，则=-)2(1f . 【答案】32-5.若线性方程组的增广矩阵为 ⎝⎛02 13 ⎪⎪⎭⎫21c c 解为⎩⎨⎧==53y x ，则=-21c c . 【答案】166.若正三棱柱的所有棱长均为a ，且其体积为316，则=a . 【答案】4【解析】依题意，3162321=⨯⨯⨯⨯a a a ，解得4=a . 【考点定位】等边三角形的性质，正三棱柱的性质.7.抛物线)0(22>=p px y 上的动点Q 到焦点的距离的最小值为1，则=p . 【答案】2【解析】依题意，点Q 为坐标原点，所以12=p，即2=p . 【考点定位】抛物线的性质，最值.8. 方程2)23(log )59(log 1212+-=---x x 的解为 . 【答案】2【考点定位】对数方程.【名师点睛】利用24log 2=，)0,0(log log log >>=+n m mn n m a a a 将已知方程变形同底数2的两个对数式相等，再根据真数相等得到关于x 的指数方程，再利用换元法求解.与对数有关的问题，应注意对数的真数大于零.9.若y x ,满足⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥≤+≥-020y y x y x ，则目标函数y x z 2+=的最大值为.【答案】3【考点定位】不等式组表示的平面区域，简单的线性规划.10. 在报名的3名男教师和6名女教师中，选取5人参加义务献血，要求男、女教师都有，则不同的选取方式的种数为（结果用数值表示）. 【答案】120【考点定位】组合，分类计数原理.11.在62)12(x x +的二项式中，常数项等于（结果用数值表示）. 【答案】240【解析】由r r rr r rr x C xx C T 366626612)1()2(---+⋅⋅=⋅⋅=，令036=-r ，所以2=r ，所以常数项为2402426=⋅C .【考点定位】二项式定理.【名师点睛】求二项展开式中的指定项，一般是利用通项公式进行，化简通项公式后，令字母的指数符合要求(求常数项时，指数为零；求有理项时，指数为整数等)．12.已知双曲线1C 、2C 的顶点重合，1C 的方程为1422=-y x ，若2C 的一条渐近线的斜率是1C 的一条渐近线的斜率的2倍，则2C 的方程为 .【答案】14422=-y x【考点定位】双曲线的性质，直线的斜率.13.已知平面向量a 、b 、c 满足b a ⊥，且}3,2,1{|}||,||,{|=c b a ，则||c b a ++的最大值是 . 【答案】53+【考点定位】平向量的模，向量垂直.【名师点睛】本题考查分析转化能力.设向量、、的坐标，用坐标表示++，利用辅助角公式求三角函数的最值.即可求得||++的最大值.14.已知函数x x f sin )(=.若存在1x ，2x ，⋅⋅⋅，m x 满足π6021≤<⋅⋅⋅<<≤m x x x ，且12|)()(||)()(||)()(|13221=-+⋅⋅⋅+-+--m m x f x f x f x f x f x f ),2(*∈≥N m m ，则m 的最小值为. 【答案】8二．选择题（本大题共4小题，满分20分）每题有且只有一个正确答案案，考生应在答题纸的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得5分，否则一律零分.15. 设1z 、C ∈2z ，则“1z 、2z 均为实数”是“21z z -是实数”的（）. A. 充分非必要条件 B.必要非充分条件 C.充要条件 D.既非充分又非必要条件【答案】A【解析】设),(11111R ∈+=b a i b a z ，),(22222R ∈+=b a i b a z ，若1z 、2z 均为实数，则021==b b ，所以21212121)(a a i b b a a z z -=-+-=-是实数；【考点定位】复数的概念，充分条件、必要条件的判定.16. 下列不等式中，与不等式23282<+++x x x 解集相同的是（）.A. 2)32)(8(2<+++x x xB. )32(282++<+x x xC. 823212+<++x x x D. 218322>+++x x x 【答案】B17. 已知点 A 的坐标为)1,34(，将OA 绕坐标原点O 逆时针旋转3π至OB ，则点B 的纵坐标为（）.A.233 B. 235C.211 D. 213 【答案】D因为491)34(2222=+=+n m ，所以491692722=+n n ，所以213=n 或213-=n （舍去），所以点B 的纵坐标为213. 【考点定位】三角函数的定义，和角的正切公式，两点间距离公式.18. 设),(n n n y x P 是直线)(12*∈+=-N n n ny x 与圆222=+y x 在第一象限的交点，则极限=--∞→11limn n n x y ( ).A. 1-B. 21-C. 1D. 2 【答案】A三．解答题（本大题共5题，满分74分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤.19.（本题满分12分）如图，圆锥的顶点为P ，底面的一条直径为AB ，C 为半圆弧AB 的中点，E 为劣弧CB 的中点.已知2=PO ，1=OA ，求三棱锥AOC P -的体积，并求异面直线PA 与OE 所成角的大小.【答案】1010arccos【考点定位】圆锥的性质，异面直线的夹角.20.（本题满分14分）本题共2小题，第1小题6分，第2小题8分.已知函数xax x f 1)(2+=，其中a 为实数. （1）根据a 的不同取值，判断函数)(x f 的奇偶性，并说明理由；（2）若)3,1(∈a ，判断函数)(x f 在]2,1[上的单调性，并说明理由. 【答案】（1）)(x f 是非奇非偶函数；（2）函数)(x f 在]2,1[上单调递增. 【解析】（1）当0=a 时，xx f 1)(=，显然是奇函数；当0≠a 时，1)1(+=a f ，1)1(-=-a f ，)1()1(-≠f f 且0)1()1(≠-+f f ，所以此时)(x f 是非奇非偶函数.【考点定位】函数的奇偶性、单调性.21.（本小题14分）本题共2小题，第1小题6分，第2小题8分.如图，C B A ,,三地有直道相通，5=AB 千米，3=AC 千米，4=BC 千米.现甲、乙两警员同时从A 地出发匀速前往B 地，经过t 小时，他们之间的距离为)(t f （单位：千米）.甲的路线是AB ，速度为5千米/小时，乙的路线是ACB ，速度为8千米/小时.乙到达B 地后原地等待.设1t t =时乙到达C 地.（1）求1t 与)(1t f 的值；（2）已知警员的对讲机的有效通话距离是3千米.当11≤≤t t 时，求)(t f 的表达式，并判断)(t f 在]1,[1t 上得最大值是否超过3？说明理由.【答案】（1）h 83，8413千米；（2）超过了3千米. 【解析】（1）h v AC t 831==乙，设此时甲运动到点P ，则8151==t v AP 甲千米，所以=⋅⋅-+==A AP AC AP AC PC t f cos 2)(22184135381532)815(322=⨯⨯⨯-+=千米.【考点定位】余弦定理的实际运用，函数的值域.【名师点睛】分段函数是一类重要的函数模型．解决分段函数问题，关键抓住在不同的段内研究问题，分段函数的值域，先求各段函数的值域，再求并集.22.（本题满分14分）本题共3个小题，第1小题4分，第2小题6分，第3小题6分.已知椭圆1222=+y x ，过原点的两条直线1l 和2l 分别于椭圆交于A 、B 和C 、D ，设AOC ∆的面积为S .（1）设),(11y x A ，),(22y x C ，用A 、C 的坐标表示点C 到直线1l 的距离，并证明||21221y x y x S -=；（2）设kx y l =:1，)33,33(C ，31=S ，求k 的值；（3）设1l 与2l 的斜率之积为m ，求m 的值，使得无论1l 与2l 如何变动，面积S 保持不变. 【答案】（1）详见解析；（2）1-=k 或51-=k ；（3）21-=m .由（1）得2111221216|1|3|3333|21||21kk kx x y x y x S +-=-=-=由题意知31216|1|32=+-k k ，解得1-=k 或51-=k .（3）设kx y l =:1，则x kmy l=:2，设),(11y x A ，),(22y x C ，由⎩⎨⎧=+=1222y x kx y ，的221211k x +=，同理2222222)(211m k k km x +=+=，由（1）知，||||||21||21||2121212111221x x k m k kx x k mx x y x y x S ⋅-⋅=⋅-⋅=-= 22222212||mk k m k +⋅+-=，整理得0)18()2164()18(22222242=-++++-m S k m m S S k S ，由题意知S 与k 无关，则⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=++=-021640182222m m S S S ，解得⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧-==21812m S .所以21-=m . 【考点定位】椭圆的性质，直线与椭圆的位置关系.23.（本题满分16分）本题共3小题.第1小题4分，第2小题6分，第3小题6分. 已知数列}{n a 与}{n b 满足)(211n n n n b b a a -=-++，*∈N n . （1）若53+=n b n ，且11=a ，求数列}{n a 的通项公式；（2）设}{n a 的第0n 项是最大项，即)N (0*∈≥n a a n n ，求证：数列}{n b 的第0n 项是最大项；（3）设130a λ=<，n n b λ=)N (*∈n ，求λ的取值范围，使得对任意m ，*∈N n ，0n a ≠，且1(,6)6m na a ∈. 【答案】（1）56-=n a n ；（2）详见解析；（3）)0,41(-.（3）因为n n b λ=，所以)(211n n n n a a λλ-=-++，当2≥n 时，112211)()()(a a a a a a a a n n n n n +-+⋅⋅⋅+-+-=---λλλλλλλ3)(2(2)(22211+-+⋅⋅⋅+-+-=---n n n nλλ+=n 2，由指数函数的单调性知，}{n a 的最大值为0222<+=λλa ，最小值为λ31=a ，由题意，nma a 的最大值及最小值分别是12321+=λa a 及31212+=λa a ，由61312>+λ及6123<+λ，解得041<<-λ，综上所述，λ的取值范围是)0,41(-.【考点定位】数列的递推公式，等差数列的性质，常数列，数列的最大项，指数函数的单调性.。

2015上海市高考英语压轴卷 Word版含解析

2015上海市高考压轴卷英语Word版含解析II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered __1__ difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. She wished that he was as easy __2__ (please) as her mother，who was always delighted with perfume.Besides，shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or __3__ (push) you with their elbows（肘部），hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.Jane paused in front of a counter __4__ some attractive ties were on display. ―They are real silk，‖ the assistant tried to attract her. ―They are worth double the price.‖__5__ Jane knew from past experience that her choice of ties hardly ever pleased her father.Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes on sale. She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while，she knew that this was a present __6__ was certain to please him.When Jane got home，with her small but carefully __7__ (choose) present in her bag，her parents were already at table having supper. Her mother was excited. ―Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,‖ Jane __8___ (inform).(B)About 18 months ago, my father was in hospital recovering __9__ a major lung operation. My mother had recently passed away, and my father had taken the loss of his partner of 55 years and had lost interest in life.__10__(try) to get him to eat ea ch day was quite a chore as he didn‘t want anything. The one thing, however, that he would ask us to bring him was ice-cream.One evening, to our surprise, he refused ___11___(eat ) the ice-cream, so I placed __12__ in a staffroom freezer. A little while later, my son decided he wanted it, so I fetched it for him.As I passed another ward, a woman asked, ‗Are there more ice-cream?‖ .__13__ I had explained the situation, she apologized. She then said the she had cancer and could eat very little, other than the occasional ice-cream.The next morning, I decided to buy two ice-creams. On the way to Dad‘s room, I stopped in at the sick woman‘s room and offered her the ice-cream I‘d bought for her. She was totally surprised at what I __14__ (think) for her, and accepted the gift with tears in her eyes. I spoke with her for a few minutes, explaining__15_ was happening in my family and listened to her similar story of pain and suffering. It was clear that she didn‘t have many visitors, and the ice-cream and our short chat meant a great deal to her.I repeated the gesture a few days later, and this time, I __16__(reward) with a big hug.I never even thought to ask her name, never saw her again, but it made me realize that an act of kindness can be more rewarding when you give it, rather than receive it.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A drop in the sun's radiation can cause cold winters in parts of North America and Europe, scientists say, a finding that could improve long-range forecasts and help countries ___1___ for storms.Scientists have known for a long time that the sun has an 11-year cycle during which radiation from the sun reaches a(n) ___2___ then falls. But detecting a clear link of the cycle to the weather has proved much ___4___ ."Our research notices a link between solar activities and regional winter climate," lead author Sarah Ineson of the UK Met Office told the reporters in an email.Her team focused on the data from the recent minimum solar radiation period during 2008-10,which was a(n) ___4___ calm period for the sun but at the same time, ___5___ winters in the U.S and Europe were recorded which brought troubles to many businesses and made people‘s lives difficult.The researchers found that a reduction in radiation from the sun can affect wind patterns , ___4___ cold winters."While radiation levels won't tell us what the day-to-day weather will be, they provide the exciting ___7___ of improved prediction for winter conditions for months and even years ahead. These predictions play an important role in long-term weather planning," Ineson said.Ineson's team used the data in a complex computer to ___8___ long-term weather patterns. It successfully reproduced what scientists had observed happening in the upper atmosphere during changes in solar radiation. More study was needed, though. The key ___9___ in the experiment lay in the satellite data used, because it spans(跨度) only a few years. "So there are still questions concerning whether the current research results are accurate and whether they can be ___10___ to other solar cycles," she said.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A civilized society has the virtues of beauty, culture, comfort and peace. However, the motor-car is 1 these virtues.A visitor from outer space viewing our cities would conclude that the human race is made up of shiny metallic ―beetles‖ creeping along vast networks. He is not far 2 . The motor-car, far from being 3 a vehicle for man, is determining the design of whole cities. The single largest consumer of valuable city 4 is its roads and car parks. If there were fewer roads, we could have more natural parks in which to 5 , more cultural centres and more public squares. Cars rob our cities of these civilized 6 .Not only do cars occupy space, they also create 7 . Psychologists have confirmed that noise causes stress, and cities are indeed very noisy places. Cars are also the single largest 8 of airpollution. How can we say we are 9 when we live in an atmosphere full of stress and health dangers?Our economy depends on 10 . These days it is becoming rare and 11 , yet cars continue consuming large amounts of petrol. Energy, which could be used to run factories and houses, is being 12 on roads.Finally, cars have created a new type of monster, the motorist. Necessity has made man forget his gentle 13 and has transformed him into a selfish, dangerous monster, frightening innocent pedestrians, killing dogs, swearing at other motorists. The car is an outlet for his aggression.To sum up, the motor-car has been 14 for destroying our cities, damaging our health, increasing economic problems and 15 humankind of their gentle nature.1. A. representing B. promoting C. destroying D. replacing2. A. removed B. better C. different D. wrong3. A. generally B. merely C. finally D. hardly4. A. space B. time C. material D. light5. A. share B. relax C. hide D. work6. A. pleasures B. manners C. individuals D. histories7. A. conflicts B. chances C. noise D. growth8. A. problem B. source C. effect D. provider9. A. polite B. awake C. innocent D. civilized10. A. energy B. wealth C. transportation D. industry11. A. wasteful B. available C. expensive D. cheap12. A. left B. burnt C. arranged D. produced13. A. action B. appearance C. idea D. nature14. A. suitable B. possible C. punished D. responsible15. A. warning B. reminding C. robbing D. convincingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choosethe one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe Thunderbird is one of the most readily recognized creatures of American Indian mythology．While the vast majority of biologists believe the Thunderbird myth to be nothing more than a spiritual symbol, some zoologists believe that the hard may actually exist．I still vividly recall seeing an impossibly large raptor（猛禽）when I was five years old, which a few people have said might be the Thunderbird．Standing in my grandmother‘s back yard in Alabama, I recall watching an enormous black bird with a swallow - like tail flying directly over me from an oak tree．Its wingspan seemed to be at least three times my height, which would have made it at least fourteen feet across．While the early childhood memory is often unreliable, I clearly remember the details of the "Thunderbird"．To this very day, I sometimes stand on my grandmother' s yard, eyeballing the old oak tree, but I have not yet seen another bird that resembles the giant bird．I have seen eagles, and hawks - but never another Thunderbird．Other modern sightings of what may have been thunderbirds have also occurred．In 1977, three boys were playing in a neighborhood in Illinois．They reported that two large birds chased after them．One of the boys was attacked and suffered somewhat serious injuries, He was carried a few feet off the ground, before the bird dropped him and disappeared into the wilderness．Several people interviewed the boys and their story remained the same, even under the pressure．the description of the birds somewhat matched the Andean condor（秃鹰）; however, these massive condors have never been known to exist in the United States．Another sighting came in 2002, in Alaska, when many people reported seeing a bird with a fourteen - foot wingspan．After being investigated, it was finally concluded that the bird was most likely a particularly large sea eagle, which typically has a wingspan of six to eight fickle．I will probably never know what the strange -looking giant bird from the oak tree was, and biologists will probably never be able to fully confirm the identity of the giant raptors spotted in Illinois and Alaska．If the Thunderbird does indeed exist, it will probably continue to remain mysterious．1．What's the best title for the passage?A．A massive bird spotted in AmericaB．Could the thunderbird actually exist?C．Some strange birds sighed by peopleD．Sea eagle, condor, raptor or thunderbird?2．What can be leant from the passage?A．Three Thunderbirds have been witnessed so far．B．The Thunderbird are similar to sea eagles in size．C．Three boys were injured by the Thunderbird in 1977.D．The huge bird left a deep impression upon the author．3．The underlined word "eyeballing" in Paragraph 3 can be best replaced by________. A．shouting at B．facing C．looking at D．shaking4．How is the passage mainly organized?A．By giving examples．B．By following time orderC．By making comparisons．D．By presenting a general idea．BI had an experience some years ago which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to conduct two funerals on successive days for two elderly women in my community. Both had died "full of years," as the Bible would say; both yielded to the normal wearing out of the body after a long and full life. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence (吊唁) calls on the two families on the same afternoon.At the first home, the son of the dead woman said to me, "If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It's my fault that she died." At the second home, the son of the other dead woman said, "If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the abrupt change of climate, was more than she could take. It's my fault that she's dead."When things don't turn out as we would like them to, it is very tempting to assume that had we done things differently, the story would have had a happier ending. Priests(牧师) know that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out badly, they believe that the opposite course - keeping Mother at home, delaying the operationwould have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?There seem to be two elements involved in our readiness to feel guilt. The first is our pressing need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.The second element is the concept that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood. Psychologists speak of the infantile(幼儿的) myth of omnipotence (万能). A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and orders the rest of the world to its tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that infantile concept that our wishes cause things to happen.1. What is said about the two dead elderly women?A. They lived out a natural life.B. They died of exhaustion after the long plane ride.C. They weren't accustomed to the change in weather.D. They died due to lack of care by family members.2. The author had to conduct the two women's funerals probably because ________.A. he wanted to comfort the two familiesB. he was an official from the communityC. he had great sympathy for the deadD. he was priest of the local church3. People feel guilty for the deaths of their loved ones because ________A. they couldn't find a better way to express their deep sorrowB. they believe that they were responsibleC. they had overlooked the natural course of eventsD. they didn't know things often turn out in the opposite direction4. In the context of the passage, "... the world makes sense" (Line2, Para4) probably means that_______.A. everything in the world is decided in advanceB. the world can be interpreted in different waysC. there's an explanation for everything in the worldD. we have to be sensible in order to understand the world5. People have been made to believe since infancy that ________.A. everybody is at their commandB. life and death is an unsolved mysteryC. every story should have a happy endingD. their wishes are the cause of everything that happensCMy mother has always been a follower of traditional methods when it comes to anything. She cooks traditional food，likes dressing up traditionally and likes the traditional way of shopping. She loves going to markets and going from one shop to another to find out what suits her best. She can walk miles when it comes to shopping along with her friends. She knows all the local markets and shops and knows very well where she can get best discounts（折扣）．However，now she always gets tired when she goes out in the market. So one day I decided to introduce a new shop，which is much larger than usual markets and where she can also get discounts．I am talking about online gift stores. She has a basic knowledge of computers and can operate computers. At the beginning，she was doubtful about shopping from these online gift shops because she wasn‘t too sure about the quality of the products.One day I decided to get her some branded things so that she could build trust in these shops. I ordered a Timex watch and a Sisley handbag for her. She never bought things online，but when they were delivered as a gift，she jumped for joy. She could not believe that I had ordered these gifts for her despite her being not much positive about online shops. However，after she saw both the products，she was assured that these online gift shops sent the promised brands and products，she loved her new watch and handbag.After this experience she ordered a gift for her friend's wedding. She chose a gift basket that could be made according to her requirements. They sent a beautifully decorated basket with fine winesand chocolates. The basket was so artistically decorated that it became her friend's favorite gift. Since then she has been consistently shopping online.1．What can we learn about the author's mother?A. She lives in a traditional way.B. She likes shopping very much.C. She is kind and very humorous.D. She always leads a simple life.2．Why does the author decide to introduce a new shop to her mother?A. The new shop is much larger.B. She can't go shopping as before.C. There are more goods for her to choose from.D. The goods in the new shop are much cheaper.3．The author decided to buy his mother some branded things＿．A. in order to please his motherB. so that she could trust in shopping onlineC. so that she would live a happy life in her later yearsD. so that she would get a surprise on Mother's DaySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing his own language; but few people are even good at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the main reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they do is that they fail to recognize the importance of learning to pronounce, and as a result never set about trying it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill -- one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that cannot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself. I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the study about speakingthe language. So the first point I want to make is that English pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and should get the students to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So, there should be times when other aspects of English, such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place.Besides this question of the time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge; the second, technique.It is important that the teacher should have the necessary information. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the basic structure of speech, and of what we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different languages, between the speech habits of English people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on his students' pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use, and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time wasted.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)1. People generally don't speak foreign languages quite well mainly because of ____________.2. Although language teachers consider accent important, they __________ in their teaching.3. What should a teacher do to make his students feel they should pay attention to pronunciation?4.What may be the result(s) if the teacher himself can't figure out the differences in sounds of different languages?第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 平衡的饮食是保持健康的关键。

2015年高考真题——英语(上海卷) Word版含解析

考生注意：考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（填空题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学文试题精品解析(上海卷)

2015年高考上海卷文数试题解析（精编版）（解析版）一．填空题（本大题共14小题，满分56分）考生应在答题纸相应编号的空格内直接填写结果，每个空格填对得4分，否则一律零分）1.函数x x f 2sin 31)(-=的最小正周期为. 【答案】π2.设全集R =U .若集合}4,3,2,1{=A ，}32|{<≤=x x B ，则=)(B C A U I . 【答案】}4,1{【解析】因为}32|{<≤=x x B ，所以2|{<=x x B C U 或}3≥x ，又因为}4,3,2,1{=A ，所以}4,1{)(=B C A U I . 【考点定位】集合的运算.3.若复数z 满足i z z +=+13，其中i 是虚数单位，则=z . 【答案】i 2141+ 【解析】设),(R ∈+=b a bi a z ，则bi a -=，因为i z z +=+13，所以i bi a bi a +=-++1)(3，即i bi a +=+124，所以⎩⎨⎧==1214b a ，即⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧==2141b a ，所以i z 2141+=. 【考点定位】复数的概念，复数的运算.4.设)(1x f-为12)(+=x x x f 的反函数，则=-)2(1f . 【答案】32-5.若线性方程组的增广矩阵为 ⎝⎛02 13 ⎪⎪⎭⎫21c c 解为⎩⎨⎧==53y x ，则=-21c c . 【答案】166.若正三棱柱的所有棱长均为a ，且其体积为316，则=a . 【答案】4【解析】依题意，3162321=⨯⨯⨯⨯a a a ，解得4=a . 【考点定位】等边三角形的性质，正三棱柱的性质.7.抛物线)0(22>=p px y 上的动点Q 到焦点的距离的最小值为1，则=p .【答案】2【解析】依题意，点Q 为坐标原点，所以12=p，即2=p . 【考点定位】抛物线的性质，最值.8. 方程2)23(log )59(log 1212+-=---x x 的解为 .【答案】2【考点定位】对数方程.【名师点睛】利用24log 2=，)0,0(log log log >>=+n m mn n m a a a 将已知方程变形同底数2的两个对数式相等，再根据真数相等得到关于x 的指数方程，再利用换元法求解.与对数有关的问题，应注意对数的真数大于零.9.若y x ,满足⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥≤+≥-020y y x y x ，则目标函数y x z 2+=的最大值为 .【答案】3【考点定位】不等式组表示的平面区域，简单的线性规划.10. 在报名的3名男教师和6名女教师中，选取5人参加义务献血，要求男、女教师都有，则不同的选取方式的种数为（结果用数值表示）. 【答案】120【考点定位】组合，分类计数原理.11.在62)12(x x +的二项式中，常数项等于（结果用数值表示）. 【答案】240【解析】由r r r r rrr x C xx C T 366626612)1()2(---+⋅⋅=⋅⋅=，令036=-r ，所以2=r ，所以常数项为2402426=⋅C .【考点定位】二项式定理.【名师点睛】求二项展开式中的指定项，一般是利用通项公式进行，化简通项公式后，令字母的指数符合要求(求常数项时，指数为零；求有理项时，指数为整数等)．12.已知双曲线1C 、2C 的顶点重合，1C 的方程为1422=-y x ，若2C 的一条渐近线的斜率是1C 的一条渐近线的斜率的2倍，则2C 的方程为 .【答案】14422=-y x【考点定位】双曲线的性质，直线的斜率.13.已知平面向量、、满足⊥，且}3,2,1{|}||,||,{|=，则||++的最大值是 . 【答案】53+【考点定位】平向量的模，向量垂直.【名师点睛】本题考查分析转化能力.设向量a 、b 、c 的坐标，用坐标表示c b a ++，利用辅助角公式求三角函数的最值.即可求得||c b a ++的最大值.14.已知函数x x f sin )(=.若存在1x ，2x ，⋅⋅⋅，m x 满足π6021≤<⋅⋅⋅<<≤m x x x ，且12|)()(||)()(||)()(|13221=-+⋅⋅⋅+-+--m m x f x f x f x f x f x f ),2(*∈≥N m m ，则m 的最小值为. 【答案】8二．选择题（本大题共4小题，满分20分）每题有且只有一个正确答案案，考生应在答题纸的相应编号上，将代表答案的小方格涂黑，选对得5分，否则一律零分.15. 设1z 、C ∈2z ，则“1z 、2z 均为实数”是“21z z -是实数”的（）. A. 充分非必要条件 B.必要非充分条件 C.充要条件 D.既非充分又非必要条件【答案】A【解析】设),(11111R ∈+=b a i b a z ，),(22222R ∈+=b a i b a z ，若1z 、2z 均为实数，则021==b b ，所以21212121)(a a i b b a a z z -=-+-=-是实数；【考点定位】复数的概念，充分条件、必要条件的判定.16. 下列不等式中，与不等式23282<+++x x x 解集相同的是（）. A. 2)32)(8(2<+++x x x B. )32(282++<+x x xC. 823212+<++x x x D.218322>+++x x x 【答案】B17. 已知点 A 的坐标为)1,34(，将OA 绕坐标原点O 逆时针旋转3π至OB ，则点B 的纵坐标为（）. A.233 B. 235 C.211 D. 213 【答案】D因为491)34(2222=+=+n m ，所以491692722=+n n ，所以213=n 或213-=n （舍去），所以点B 的纵坐标为213. 【考点定位】三角函数的定义，和角的正切公式，两点间距离公式.18. 设),(n n n y x P 是直线)(12*∈+=-N n n ny x 与圆222=+y x 在第一象限的交点，则极限=--∞→11limn n n x y ( ).A. 1-B. 21-C. 1D. 2 【答案】A三．解答题（本大题共5题，满分74分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤.19.（本题满分12分）如图，圆锥的顶点为P ，底面的一条直径为AB ，C 为半圆弧AB 的中点，E 为劣弧CB 的中点.已知2=PO ，1=OA ，求三棱锥AOC P -的体积，并求异面直线PA 与OE 所成角的大小.【答案】1010arccos【考点定位】圆锥的性质，异面直线的夹角.20.（本题满分14分）本题共2小题，第1小题6分，第2小题8分. 已知函数xax x f 1)(2+=，其中a 为实数. （1）根据a 的不同取值，判断函数)(x f 的奇偶性，并说明理由；（2）若)3,1(∈a ，判断函数)(x f 在]2,1[上的单调性，并说明理由. 【答案】（1）)(x f 是非奇非偶函数；（2）函数)(x f 在]2,1[上单调递增. 【解析】（1）当0=a 时，xx f 1)(=，显然是奇函数；当0≠a 时，1)1(+=a f ，1)1(-=-a f ，)1()1(-≠f f 且0)1()1(≠-+f f ，所以此时)(x f 是非奇非偶函数.【考点定位】函数的奇偶性、单调性.21.（本小题14分）本题共2小题，第1小题6分，第2小题8分.如图，C B A ,,三地有直道相通，5=AB 千米，3=AC 千米，4=BC 千米.现甲、乙两警员同时从A 地出发匀速前往B 地，经过t 小时，他们之间的距离为)(t f （单位：千米）.甲的路线是AB ，速度为5千米/小时，乙的路线是ACB ，速度为8千米/小时.乙到达B 地后原地等待.设1t t =时乙到达C 地.（1）求1t 与)(1t f 的值；（2）已知警员的对讲机的有效通话距离是3千米.当11≤≤t t 时，求)(t f 的表达式，并判断)(t f 在]1,[1t 上得最大值是否超过3？说明理由.【答案】（1）h 83，8413千米；（2）超过了3千米. 【解析】（1）h v AC t 831==乙，设此时甲运动到点P ，则8151==t v AP 甲千米，所以=⋅⋅-+==A AP AC AP AC PC t f cos 2)(22184135381532)815(322=⨯⨯⨯-+=千米.【考点定位】余弦定理的实际运用，函数的值域.【名师点睛】分段函数是一类重要的函数模型．解决分段函数问题，关键抓住在不同的段内研究问题，分段函数的值域，先求各段函数的值域，再求并集.22.（本题满分14分）本题共3个小题，第1小题4分，第2小题6分，第3小题6分.已知椭圆1222=+yx ，过原点的两条直线1l 和2l 分别于椭圆交于A 、B 和C 、D ，设AOC ∆的面积为S .（1）设),(11y x A ，),(22y x C ，用A 、C 的坐标表示点C 到直线1l 的距离，并证明||21221y x y x S -=；（2）设kx y l =:1，)33,33(C ，31=S ，求k 的值；（3）设1l 与2l 的斜率之积为m ，求m 的值，使得无论1l 与2l 如何变动，面积S 保持不变.【答案】（1）详见解析；（2）1-=k 或51-=k ；（3）21-=m .由（1）得2111221216|1|3|3333|21||21kk kx x y x y x S +-=-=-= 由题意知31216|1|32=+-k k ，解得1-=k 或51-=k . （3）设kx y l =:1，则x km y l =:2，设),(11y x A ，),(22y x C ，由⎩⎨⎧=+=1222y x kx y ，的221211k x +=，同理2222222)(211m k k k m x +=+=，由（1）知，||||||21||21||2121212111221x x k m k kx x k mx x y x y x S ⋅-⋅=⋅-⋅=-= 22222212||mk k m k +⋅+-=，整理得0)18()2164()18(22222242=-++++-m S k m m S S k S ，由题意知S 与k 无关，则⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=++=-021*********m m S S S ，解得⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧-==21812m S . 所以21-=m . 【考点定位】椭圆的性质，直线与椭圆的位置关系.23.（本题满分16分）本题共3小题.第1小题4分，第2小题6分，第3小题6分.已知数列}{n a 与}{n b 满足)(211n n n n b b a a -=-++，*∈N n .（1）若53+=n b n ，且11=a ，求数列}{n a 的通项公式；（2）设}{n a 的第0n 项是最大项，即)N (0*∈≥n a a n n ，求证：数列}{n b 的第0n 项是最大项；（3）设130a λ=<，n n b λ=)N (*∈n ，求λ的取值范围，使得对任意m ，*∈N n ，0n a ≠，且 1(,6)6m na a ∈. 【答案】（1）56-=n a n ；（2）详见解析；（3）)0,4(-.（3）因为n n b λ=，所以)(211n n n n a a λλ-=-++，当2≥n 时，112211)()()(a a a a a a a a n n n n n +-+⋅⋅⋅+-+-=---λλλλλλλ3)(2(2)(22211+-+⋅⋅⋅+-+-=---n n n n λλ+=n 2，由指数函数的单调性知，}{n a 的最大值为0222<+=λλa ，最小值为λ31=a ，由题意，n m a a 的最大值及最小值分别是12321+=λa a 及31212+=λa a ，由61312>+λ及6123<+λ，解得041<<-λ，综上所述，λ的取值范围是)0,41(-. 【考点定位】数列的递推公式，等差数列的性质，常数列，数列的最大项，指数函数的单调性.。

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学理试题精品解析(上海卷)

2015年高考上海卷理数试题解析（精编版）（解析版）一、填空题：本大题共5小题，每小题5分，共25分.1、设全集U R =．若集合{}1,2,3,4A =，{}23x x B =≤≤，则U A B =ð ．【答案】{}1,4【解析】因为{|32}U C B x x x =><或，所以{4,1}U A C B = 【考点定位】集合运算2、若复数z 满足31z z i +=+，其中i 为虚数单位，则z = ．【答案】1142i +3、若线性方程组的增广矩阵为122301c c ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭、解为35x y =⎧⎨=⎩，则12c c -= ．【答案】16【解析】由题意得：121223233521,05,21516.c x y c x y c c =+=⨯+⨯==⋅+=-=-= 【考点定位】线性方程组的增广矩阵4、若正三棱柱的所有棱长均为a ，且其体积为a = ．【答案】45、抛物线22y px =（0p >）上的动点Q 到焦点的距离的最小值为1，则p = ．【答案】26、若圆锥的侧面积与过轴的截面面积之比为2π，则其母线与轴的夹角的大小为．【答案】3π 【解析】由题意得：1:(2)222rl h r l h ππ⋅=⇒=⇒母线与轴的夹角为3π【考点定位】圆锥轴截面7、方程()()1122log 95log 322x x ---=-+的解为．【答案】2【解析】设13,(0)x t t -=>，则2222log (5)log (2)254(2)0t t t t -=-+⇒-=->21430,333112x t t t t x x -⇒-+==⇒=⇒-=⇒=【考点定位】解指对数不等式8、在报名的3名男教师和6名女教师中，选取5人参加义务献血，要求男、女教师都有，则不同的选取方式的种数为（结果用数值表示）．【答案】1209、已知点P 和Q 的横坐标相同，P 的纵坐标是Q 的纵坐标的2倍，P 和Q 的轨迹分别为双曲线1C 和2C ．若1C 的渐近线方程为y =，则2C 的渐近线方程为．【答案】y = 【解析】由题意得：1C ：223,(0)x y λλ-=≠，设(,)Q x y ，则(,2)P x y ，所以2234x y λ-=，即2C 的渐近线方程为2y x =±【考点定位】双曲线渐近线10、设()1f x -为()222x xf x -=+，[]0,2x ∈的反函数，则()()1y f x f x -=+的最大值为．【答案】411、在10201511x x ⎛⎫++ ⎪⎝⎭的展开式中，2x 项的系数为（结果用数值表示）．【答案】45【解析】因为10101019102015201520151111(1)(1)(1)x x x C x x x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫++=++=++++⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，所以2x 项只能在10(1)x +展开式中，即为8210C x ，系数为81045.C = 【考点定位】二项展开式12、赌博有陷阱．某种赌博每局的规则是：赌客先在标记有1，2，3，4，5的卡片中随机摸取一张，将卡片上的数字作为其赌金（单位：元）；随后放回该卡片，再随机摸取两张，将这两张卡片上数字之差的绝对值的1.4倍作为其奖金（单位：元）．若随机变量1ξ和2ξ分别表示赌客在一局赌博中的赌金和奖金，则12ξξE -E = （元）．【答案】0.2【解析】赌金的分布列为所以11(12345)35E ξ=++++=奖金的分布列为所以223111.4(1234)2.8510510E ξ=⨯⨯+⨯+⨯+⨯=12ξξE -E =0.2【考点定位】数学期望13、已知函数()sin f x x =．若存在1x ，2x ，⋅⋅⋅，m x 满足1206m x x x π≤<<⋅⋅⋅<≤，且()()()()()()1223112n n f x f x f x f x f x f x --+-+⋅⋅⋅+-=（2m ≥，m *∈N ），则m 的最小值为．【答案】8 【解析】因为()sin fx x =，所以()()max min ()()2m n f x f x f x f x -≤-=，因此要使得满足条件()()()()()()1223112n n f x f x f x f x f x f x --+-+⋅⋅⋅+-=的m 最小，须取123456783579110,,,,,,,6,222222x x x x x x x x πππππππ========即8.m = 【考点定位】三角函数性质14、在锐角三角形C AB 中，1tan 2A =，D 为边C B 上的点，D ∆AB 与CD ∆A 的面积分别为2和4．过D 作D E ⊥AB 于E ，DF C ⊥A 于F ，则D DF E⋅= ．【答案】1615-【解析】由题意得：1sin sin 242A A AB AC A AB AC =⋅⋅=+⇒⋅=，又1122,43222AB DE AC DF AB DE AC DF DE DF ⋅=⋅=⇒⋅⨯⋅=⇒⋅=,因为DEAF 四点共圆，因此D DF E⋅=16cos()(15DE DF A π⋅⋅-==-【考点定位】向量数量积，解三角形二、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.15、设1z ，2C z ∈，则“1z 、2z 中至少有一个数是虚数”是“12z z -是虚数”的（） A ．充分非必要条件 B ．必要非充分条件 C ．充要条件 D ．既非充分又非必要条件【答案】B16、已知点A 的坐标为()，将OA 绕坐标原点O 逆时针旋转3π至OB ，则点B 的纵坐标为（）A ．2 B ．2 C ．112 D ．132【答案】D【解析】113(cossin ))()3322OB OA i i i ππ=⋅+=⋅=+，即点B 的纵坐标为132【考点定位】复数几何意义17、记方程①：2110x a x ++=，方程②：2220x a x ++=，方程③：2340x a x ++=，其中1a ，2a ，3a 是正实数．当1a ，2a ，3a 成等比数列时，下列选项中，能推出方程③无实根的是（） A ．方程①有实根，且②有实根 B ．方程①有实根，且②无实根 C ．方程①无实根，且②有实根 D ．方程①无实根，且②无实根【答案】B【解析】当方程①有实根，且②无实根时，22124,8a a ≥<，从而4222321816,4a a a =<=即方程③：2340x a x ++=无实根，选B.而A,D 由于不等式方向不一致，不可推；C 推出③有实根【考点定位】不等式性质18、设(),n n n x y P 是直线21n x y n -=+（n *∈N ）与圆222x y +=在第一象限的交点，则极限1lim 1nn ny x →∞-=-（）A ．1-B ．12- C ．1 D ．2 【答案】A三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共75分，解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤。

2015年上海高考数学理科含答案word版

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海数学试卷（理工农医类）一. 填空题（本大题共有14题，每题4分，满分56分）1．设全集U=R ，若集合{}A=12,3,4，，{}23B x x =≤≤，则U AC B = ；2．若复数z 满足31z z i +=+，其中i 为虚数单位，则z = ； 3．若线性方程组的增广矩阵为122301c c ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，解为35x y =⎧⎨=⎩，则12c c -= ； 4．若正三棱柱的所有棱长均为a，且其体积为a = ；5．抛物线22(p 0)y px =>上的动点Q 到焦点的距离的最小值为1，则p = ； 6．若圆锥的侧面积与过轴的截面面积之比为2π，则其母线与轴的夹角大小为； 7．方程()()1122log 95log 322x x ---=-+的解为；8．在报名的3名男教师和6名女教师中，选取5人参加义务献血，要求男、女教师都有，则不同的选取方式的种数为；（结果用数值表示） 9．已知点P 和Q 的横坐标相同，P 的纵坐标是Q 的纵坐标的2倍，P 和Q 的轨迹分别为1C 和2C ，若1C的渐近线方程为y =，则2C 的渐近线方程为；10．设()1f x -为()222x xf x -=+，[]0,2x ∈的反函数，则()()1y f x f x -=+的最大值为； 11．在10201511x x ⎛⎫++ ⎪⎝⎭的展开式中，2x 项的系数为；（结果用数值表示）12．赌博有陷阱，某种赌博每局的规则是：赌客先在标记有1、2、3、4、5的卡片中随机摸取一张，将卡片上的数字作为其赌金（单位：元）；随后放回该卡片，再随机摸取两张，将这两张卡片上数字之差的绝对值的1.4倍作为其奖金（单位：元）；若随机变量1ξ和2ξ分别表示赌客在一局赌博中的赌金和奖金，则12E E ξξ-= 元；13．已知函数()sin f x x =，若存在12,,m x x x 满足1206m x x x π≤<<<≤，且()()()()()()()*12231++=122,m m f x f x f x f x f x f x m m N --+--≥∈，则m 的最小值为；14．在锐角三角形ABC 中，1tan 2A =，D 为边BC 上的点，ABD 与ACD 的面积分别为2和4，过D 作DE AB ⊥于E ，DF AC ⊥于F ，则DE DF = ；二. 选择题（本大题共有4题，每题5分，满分20分）15．设12z z C ∈、，则“12z z 、中至少有一个数是虚数”是“12z z -是虚数”的（）A. 充分非必要条件B. 必要非充分条件C. 充要条件D. 既非充分也非必要条件16．已知点A的坐标为()，将OA 绕坐标原点O 逆时针旋转3π至OB ，则点B 的纵坐标为（）A.B.C.112D.13217．记方程①：2110x a x ++= ；方程②：2210x a x ++=；③：2310x a x ++=；其中123a a a 、、是正实数，当123a a a 、、成等比数列时，下列选项中，能推出方程③无实数根的是（）A. 方程①有实根，且②有实根B. 方程①有实根，且②无实根C. 方程①无实根，且②有实根D. 方程①无实根，且②无实根18．设(),n n n P x y 是直线()*21nx y n N n -=∈+与圆222x y +=在第一象限的交点，则极限1lim1n x n y x →∞-=-（）A. 1-B. 12-C. 1D. 2三. 解答题（本大题共有5题，满分74分）解答下列各题必须在答题纸相应编号的规定区域内写出必要的步骤。

2015年高考真题——英语(上海卷)_Word版含解析汇报

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（卷）英语考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（填空题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前，务必在答题纸上填写号和，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写。

第Ⅰ卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversationand the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decidewhich one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. impatient B. confused C. pleased D. regretful2. A. at a bus stopB. at a laundryC. at the dentist’s D. at the chemist’s3. A. An actor B. A salesman C. A translator D. A writer4. A. He lost his classmate’s homework.B. He can’t help the woman with her math.C. He broke the woman’s calculator.D. He doesn’t know where the “on” button is.5. A. The woman should go to another counter.B. The woman gives the man so many choices.C. The man dislike the sandwiches offered there.D. The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.6. A. She has no idea where to find the man’s exam result.B. She isn’t allowed to tell students their grades.C. Dr. White hasn’t finish grading the papers.D. Dr. White doesn’t want to be contacted while he’s away.7. A. Move to a neat dormitory B. Find a person to share their apartmentC. Clean the room with the roommateD. Write an article about their roommate8. A. Bob won’t take her adviceB. Bob doesn’t want to go abroadC. She doesn’t think Bob should study overseasD. She hasn’t talked to Bob since he went aboard9. A. The snack bar isn’t usually so empty. B. Dessert is served in the snack bar.C. The snack bar is near the library.D. Snacks aren’tallowed in the library.10. A. Take her bicycle to the repair shop. B. Leave her bicycle outside.C. Clean the garage after the rain stops.D. Check if thegarage is dry.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It helps care for customers’ dogs.B. You have to buy food for dogs.C. None of the dogs are caged.D. There is a dog named Princess.12. A. She likes the food there.B. She enjoys the fun with a pet.C. She can have free coffee.D. She doesn’t like to be alone.13. A. A new kind of cafe.B. A new brand of cafe.C. A new home for pets.D. A new way to raise pets.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passages.14. A. A trend that high achievers are given a lower salary.B. A view that life quality is more important than pay.C. A dream of the young for fast-paced jobs.D. A new term created by high achievers.15. A. 10% B. 12% C. 6% D. 7%16. A. People are less satisfied with their lives.B. The financial investment may increase.C. Well-paid jobs are not easy to find.D. Unexpected problems may arise.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Gift from a strangerMy local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I'd noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. (25) _____ I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit.Pretty soon I'd made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26) _____(empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park（倒车）.Just as I approached my car, 1 saw the woman I'd let have my car space earlier. She was giving me (27) _____ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I spotted the same lady (28) _____ (look) in at me. "Hello," she said, hesitantly. "This (29) _____ sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother's things off at the charity bins.” You are just so much (30) _____ her.” You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.” (31) _____ (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was (32) _____ (nice) gift I'd ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.(B)Ask helpful HannahDear helpful Hannah,I’ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smart phone a couple ofmonths ago and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado, it was a greattrip except for one problem. He has a constant urge (33) for next messages;he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he just can’t stand the idea (34) there may be an important text. He can’t help checkingeven at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talkingto him! He behaves (35) any small amount of boredom can make him feel theneed to check his phone even when he know he shouldn’t. The temptation to see (36)is connecting him is just too great. When I ask him to put down the phone and stop(37) (ignore) me, he say, “In a minute.” but still checks to see if (38)has posted something new on the Internet. Our life (39) (interrupted). Ifwe go somewhere and I ask him to have the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawalsymptom. May this dependency on his smart phone has become more than an everydayproblem.I recently read an article about “nomophobia,” (40) is a real illnesspeople can’t suffer from the fear of being without your phone! I am worried thatSam maybe suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn’t havehis phone with him, even for a short time.Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so muchtrouble!Sick and Tired SadieSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each wordcan only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Considering how much time people spend in effects, it is important that withA be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation’s image. They motivate workers and they make an impression on people who visit and might be potential, or 41 , customers. They make business work better, and they area part of the corporate culture to live in.As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers come up with 42 to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strategic management environments.” These 43 solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.As employee hierarchies （等级制度）have flattened or decreased, office designers’ response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been 44 by changes in workstation design. Office and work spaces often are not 45 to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new design allow for expansion or movementof desks, storage, and equipment within the workplace. Another important design goalis communication, which designers have improved by breaking the walls that 46 workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places and upgraded employees’ 47 to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a numberof competing and often 48 demands, including budgetary limits, employees hierarchies and technological innovation (especially in relation to computerization). These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (饰) that in some way enhance, establish or possess a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 and their best.All these 50 of office design are related. The most successful officedesigns are like good marriage—the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 in people’s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone. First ImpressionTo help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 60 KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. artificial53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle54. A. tested B. impressed C. changed D. created55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D. passions56. A. illustrations B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted63. A. emotion B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. assess65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. irritating第二部分：阅读理解（第一节共20小题，第二节5小题；每小题2分，满分50分）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。

2015年上海高考数学考试手册考纲

2015学年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海卷考试手册（数学科）一、考试性质全国普通高等学校招生统一考试数学科（上海卷）考试是为全国普通高等学校招生而进行的选拔性考试。

选拔性考试是高利害考试，考试结果需要具有高信度，考试结果的解释和使用应该具有高效度。

考试命题的指导思想是有利于促进学生健康发展，有利于科学选拔人才，有利于维护社会公平、公正。

考试对象为2015年符合上海市高考报名要求的考生。

二、考试目标数学科高考旨在考查学生的数学基本知识和基本技能、逻辑思维能力、运算能力、空间想象能力、分析问题与解决问题的能力、数学探究与创新能力。

具体考查目标为：I.数学基本知识和基本技能I.1理解或掌握初等数学中有关数与运算、方程与代数、函数与分析、数据整理与概率统计、图形与几何的基本知识。

I.2领会集合、对应、函数、算法、数学建模、概率、统计、化归、数形结合、分类讨论、分解与组合等基本数学思想，掌握坐标法、参数法、逻辑划分和等价转换等基本数学方法。

I.3能按照一定的规则和步骤进行计算、画图和推理；掌握数学阅读、表达以及文字语言、图形语言、符号语言之间进行转换的基本技能；会使用函数型计算器进行有关计算。

II.逻辑思维能力II.4能从数学的角度有条理地思考问题。

II.5具有对数学问题或资料进行观察、分析、综合、比较、抽象、概括、判断和论证的能力。

II.6会进行演绎、归纳和类比推理，能合乎逻辑地、准确地阐述自己的思想和观点。

II.7会正确而简明的表述推理过程，能合理地、符合逻辑地解释演绎推理的正确性。

III.运算能力III.8理解数和式的有关算理。

III.9能根据法则准确地进行运算、变形。

III.11能通过运算，对问题进行推理和探求。

IV.空间想象能力IV.12能根据条件画出正确的图形。

IV.13能根据图形想象出直观形象。

IV.14能正确地分析图形中的基本元素和相互关系。

IV.15能对图形进行分解、组合和变形。

IV.16会选择适当的方法对图形的性质进行研究。

2015年高考真题语文(上海卷) Word版含解析

上海语文试卷考生注意：1．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

2．答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

4．考试时间150分钟，试卷满分150分。

一阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1——6题。

（17分）地图与理论模型①工程师在设计汽车时会按比例制作汽车模型，这种实物模型可以直观地呈现出汽车的构造，而且可以让一些实验更加便捷。

举办一场宴会前，我们会思考应该邀请谁参加、需要准备哪些食物等，这是我们其实也构建了一个模型。

这种模型与汽车模型不同，它不是一种实物，而是一种“理论”。

科学家的工作与此相似，也是构建某种理论模型，只是这类模型的特点理解起来比较困难。

②地图也是一种模型，地图与理论模型的类比有助于我们了解理论模型的特点。

我们先来做一个练习。

请看一张某大学校园的局部地图：③这张地图的右边画有一个箭头。

请问：箭头指示的东西是什么？④人们通常会回答：箭头指示的是一幢建筑。

如果我说这答案不仅是错的，而且根本不着边，你会怎样想？你肯定会怀疑这是个把戏。

没错，你的怀疑是正确的，但这个把戏的背后却是最为核心的问题。

⑤正确的答案是，箭头指示的是一个矩形图框。

这就是真正为箭头所指的东西。

人们会回答箭头指向了一幢建筑物，是因为根据地图和与之对应的实际环境，矩形图框显然表示一幢建筑物，但建筑物只是矩形图框所表示的物体，而不是矩形图框本身。

⑥这个练习的目的是指出地图与其所表示的对象不是一码事。

当然，这只是一个把戏，生活中没有人会混淆地图上的一个矩形框和现实中的一幢建筑。

毕竟．．，你可以将一张街道地图折起来放进你的口袋，却不可能把一个街道折起来放进口袋。

而理论模型与客观对象间的差别却容易被人忽略，这需要我们格外注意。

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文试题(上海卷,含解析)

高考衣食住用行衣：高考前这段时间，提醒同学们出门一定要看天气，否则淋雨感冒，就会影响考场发挥。

穿着自己习惯的衣服，可以让人在紧张时产生亲切感和安全感，并能有效防止不良情绪产生。

食：清淡的饮食最适合考试，切忌吃太油腻或者刺激性强的食物。

如果可能的话，每天吃一两个水果，补充维生素。

另外，进考场前一定要少喝水！住：考前休息很重要。

好好休息并不意味着很早就要上床睡觉，根据以往考生的经验，太早上床反而容易失眠。

考前按照你平时习惯的时间上床休息就可以了，但最迟不要超过十点半。

用：出门考试之前，一定要检查文具包。

看看答题的工具是否准备齐全，应该带的证件是否都在，不要到了考场才想起来有什么工具没带，或者什么工具用着不顺手。

行：看考场的时候同学们要多留心，要仔细了解自己住的地方到考场可以坐哪些路线的公交车？有几种方式可以到达？大概要花多长时间？去考场的路上有没有修路堵车的情况？考试当天，应该保证至少提前20分钟到达考场。

2．答卷前，务必用钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸正面清楚地填写姓名、准考证号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

3．答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

4．考试时间150分钟，试卷满分150分。

一阅读80分（一）阅读下文，完成第1——6题。

（17分）地图与理论模型①工程师在设计汽车时会按比例制作汽车模型，这种实物模型可以直观地呈现出汽车的构造，而且可以让一些实验更加便捷。

举办一场宴会前，我们会思考应该邀请谁参加、需要准备哪些食物等，这是我们其实也构建了一个模型。

这种模型与汽车模型不同，它不是一种实物，而是一种“理论”。

科学家的工作与此相似，也是构建某种理论模型，只是这类模型的特点理解起来比较困难。

②地图也是一种模型，地图与理论模型的类比有助于我们了解理论模型的特点。

(完整word版)2015年上海高考英语试卷及答案(word完整精校版)

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海英语试卷（已反复核对，希望最大限度保证准确）考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1-12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Impatient. B. Confused. C. Pleased. D. Regretful.2. A. At a bus stop. B. At a laundry. C. At the dentist’s. D. At the chemist’s.3. A. An actor. B. A salesman. C. A translator. D. A writer.4. A. He lost his classmate’s homework. B. He can’t help the woman with her math.C. He broke the woman’s calculator.D. He doesn’t know where the “on” button is.5. A. The woman should go to another counter.B. The woman gives the man so many choices.C. The man dislikes the sandwiches offered there.D. The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.6. A. She has no idea w here to find the man’s exam result.B. She isn’t allowed to tell students their grades.C. Dr. White hasn’t finished grading the papers.D. Dr. White doesn’t want to be contacted while he’s away.7. A. Move to a neat dormitory. B. Find a person to share their apartment.C. Clean the room with the roommate.D. Write an article about their roommate.8. A. Bob won’t take her advice.B. Bob doesn’t want to go abroad.C. She doesn’t think Bob should study overseas.D. She hasn’t talked to Bob since he went abroad.9. A. The snack bar isn’t usually so empty. B. Dessert is served in the snack bar.C. The snack bar is near the library.D. Snacks aren’t allowed in the library.10. A. Take her bicycle to the repair shop. B. Leave her bicycle outside.C. Clean the garage after the rain stops.D. Check if the garage is dry.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. I t helps care for customers’ dogs. B. You have to buy food for dogs.C. None of the dogs are caged.D. There is a dog named Princess.12. A. She likes the food there. B. She enjoys the fun with a pet.C. She can have free coffee.D. She doesn’t like to be alone.13. A. A new kind of café. B. A new brand of coffee.C. A new home for pets.D. A new way to raise pets.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. A trend that high achievers are given a lower salary.B. A view that life quality is more important than pay.C. A dream of the young for fast-paced jobs.D. A new term created by high achievers.15. A. 10% B. 12% C. 6% D. 7%16. A. People are less satisfied with their lives. B. The financial investment may increase.C. Well-paid jobs are not easy to find.D. Unexpected problems may arise.Section CDirections:In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A）Gift from a strangerMy local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I’d noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. (25) _____ I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit.Pretty soon I’d made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26) _____ (empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park.Just as I approached my car, I saw the woman I’d let have my car spot earlier. She was giving me (27) _____ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I saw the same lady (28) _____ (look) in at me. “Hello,” she said, hesitantly. “This (29) _____ sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother’s things off at the charity bins. You are just so much (30) _____ her. You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.” (31) _____ (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was (32) _____ (nice) gift I’d ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.(B)Ask Helpful HannahDear Helpful Hannah,I’ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smartphone a couple of months ago, and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado. It was a great trip except for one problem. He has a constant urge (33) _____ (check) for text messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he just can’t stand the idea (34) _____ there may be an important text. He can’t help checking even at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talking to him! He behaves (35) _____ _____ any small amount of boredom can make him feel the need to check his phone even when he knows he shouldn’t. The temptation to see (36) _____ is contacting him is just too great. When I ask him to please put down the phone and stop (37) _____ (ignore) me, he says, “In a minute,” but still checks to see if (38) _____ has posted something new on the Internet. Our life (39) _____ (interrupt). If we go somewhere and I ask him to leave the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawal symptoms. Maybe this dependency on his smartphone has become more than an everyday problem.I recently read an article about “nomophobia,” (40) _____ is a real illness people can suffer from: the fear of being without your phone! I am worried that Sam may be suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn’t have his phone with him, even for a short time.Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so much trouble!Sick and Tired Sadie Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Considering how much time people spend in offices, it is important that work spaces be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation’s image. They motivate workers, and they make an impression on people who visit and might be potential, or 41 , customers. They make businesses work better, and they are a part of the corporate culture we live in.As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers have come up with 42 to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strategic management environment.” These 43 solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.As employee hierarchies（等级制度）have flattened, or decreased, office designers’ response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been 44 by changes in workstation design. Offices and work spaces often are not 45 to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new designs allow for expansion or movement of desks, storage, and equipment within the workstation. Another important design goal is communication, which designers have improved by lowering the walls that 46 workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places, and upgraded employees’47 to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a number of competing and often 48 demands, including budgetary limits, employee hierarchies, and technological innovation（especially in relation to computerization）. These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors（内饰）that in some way enhance, establish, or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best.All these 50 of office design are related. The most successful office designs are like a good marriage --- the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect a deep interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people seemed to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 to people’s lives. The53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone.First ImpressionTo help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them tal k for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 60 KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seems to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. beneficial53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle54. A. tested B. imposed C. changed D. created55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D. passions56. A. illustrations B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted63. A. emotions B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. asses65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. irritatingSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Look to many of history’s cultural symbols, and there you’ll find an ancestor of Frosty, the snowman in the movie Frozen. It appeared on some of the first postcards, starred in some of the earliest silent movies, and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, dating all the way back to the 1800s. I discovered even more about one of humanity’s earliest forms of folk art during several years of research around the world.For example, snowmen were a phenomenon in the Middle Ages, built with great skill and thought. At a time of limited means of expression, snow was like free art supplies dropped from the sky. It was a popular activity for couples to leisurely walk through town to view the temporary works of chilly art. Some were created by famous artists, including a 19-year-old Michelangelo, who in 1494 was appointed by the ruler of Florence, Italy, to build a snowman in his mansion’s courtyard.The Miracle of 1511 took place during six freezing weeks called the Winter of Death. The city of Brussels was covered in snowmen—an impressive scene that told stories on every street corner. Some were political in nature, criticizing the church and government. Some were a reflection of people’s imagination. For the peo ple of Brussels, this was a defining moment of artistic freedom. At least until spring arrived, by which time they were dealing with damaging floods.If you fear the heyday of the snowman has passed, don’t worry: I’ve learned that some explosive snowman history is still being made today. Every year since 1818, the people of Zurich, Switzerland, celebrate the beginning of spring by blowing up a snowman. On the third Monday of April, the holiday Sechseläuten is kicked off when a cotton snowman called the Böögg is stuffed with explosive and paraded through town by bakers and other tradesmen who throw bread to the crowds. The parade ends with the Böögg being placed on a 40-foot pile of firewood. After the bells of the Church of St. Peter have rung six times, representing the passing of winter, the pile is lit. When the snowman explodes, winter is considered officially over—the quicker it is burnt down, the longer summer is said to be.66. According to the passage, why did snowmen become a phenomenon in the Middle Ages?A. People thought of snow as holy art supplies.B. People longed to see masterpieces of snow.C. Building snowmen was a way for people to express themselves.D. Building snowmen helped people develop their skill and thought.67. “The heyday of the snowman” (paragraph 4) means the time when___________.A. snowmen were made mainly by artistsB. snowmen enjoyed great popularityC. snowmen were politically criticizedD. snowmen caused damaging floods68. In Zurich, the blowing up of the Boogg symbolizes__________________.A. the start of the paradeB. the coming of a longer summerC. the passing of the winterD. the success of tradesmen69. What can be concluded about snowmen from the passage?A. They were appreciated in historyB. They have lost their valueC. They were related to moviesD. They vary in shape and size(B)Scary BunnyThe Curse of the Were-Rabbit(2005) is the first full-length feature film made by directors Nick Park and Steve Box with their amazing plasticine (粘土) characters Wallace and Gromit. Itwon an Oscar in 2006, and if you watch it, you’ll understand why. It’s an absolutely brilliant cartoon comedy.Cheese-loving inventor Wallace and his brainy dog Gromit have started a company to protect the town’s vegetables from hungry rabbits. However, just before the annual Giant Vegetable Competition, an enormous rabbit begins terrorising the town. It is attacking all the vegetables and destroying everything in its path. The competition organizer, Lady Tottington, hires Wallace and Gromit to catch the monster alive. But they will have to find the were-rabbit before gun-crazy hunter Victor Quartermaine who is desperate to kill it.The screenplay is witty and full of amusing visual jokes. As usual, the voice of Peter Sallis is absolutely perfect for the role of Wallace, and Gromit is so beautifully brought to life, he can express a huge range of emotions without saying a word. And both Helena Bonham-Carter, who plays the part of Lady Tottington, and Ralph Fiennes as Victor are really funny.To sum up, The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is an amazing film which is suitable for both children and adults. If you liked Wallace and Gromit’s previous adventures and you appreciate the British sense of humour, you’ll love this film. Don’t miss it!70. In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly about?A. The introduction to the leading rolesB. The writer’s opinion of actingC. The writer’s comments on the storyD. The background information71. According to the film review, “the monster” (paragraph B) refers to ______.A. a gun-crazy hunterB. a brainy dogC. a scary rabbitD. a giant vegetable72. Which of the following is a reason why the writer recommends the film?A. It’s full of wit and humour.B. Its characters show feelings without words.C. It is an adventure film directed by Peter Sallis.D. It is about the harmony between man and animals.(C)One of the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute for a day-long leadership workshop using the works of Shakespeare was discussing the role of Brutus in the death of Julius Caesar. “Brutus was not an honorable man,” he said.“He was a traitor（叛徒）. And he murdered someone in cold blood.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when other options were available to him. He made a bad decision, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—to take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And though one of the executives acknowledged that Brutus had the good of the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superior. “You have to understand,” the executives said, “our policy is to obey the chain of command.”During the last few years, business executives and book writers looking for a new way to advise corporate America have been exploiting Shakespeare’s wisdom for profitable ends. None more so than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carol Adelman, well-known advisers to the White House, who started up a training company called “Movers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare scholars and Shakespeare lovers, and they have combined their passion and their high level contacts into a management training business. They conduct between 30 and 40 workshops annually, focusing on half a dozen different plays, mostly for corporations, but also for government agencies.The workshops all take the same form, focusing on a single play as a kind of case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessons. In Julius Caesar, for example, Cassius’s sly provocation（狡诈的挑唆）of Brutus to take up arms against Caesar was a basis for a discussion of methods of team building and grass roots organising.Although neither of the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the programmes contain plenty of Shakespeare tradition and background. Their workshop on Henry V, for example, includes a helpful explanation of Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle of Agincourt. But they do come to the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading of Henry V minimizes his misuse of power. Instead, they emphasize the story of the youth who seizes opportunity and becomes a masterful leader. And at the workshop on Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little good to say about Brutus, saying “the noblest Roman of them all” couldn’t make his mind up about things.Many of the participants pointed to very specific elements in the play that they felt to be related. Caesar’s pride, which led to his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the traitors after the murder, they said, raise vital questions for anyone serving in a business: when and how do you resist the boss?73. According to paragraph 1, what did all the executives think of Brutus?A. Cruel.B. Superior.C. Honorable.D. Rude74. According to the passage, the Adelmans set up “Movers and Shakespeares” to ________.A. help executives to understand Shakespeare’s plays betterB. give advice on leadership by analyz ing Shakespeare’s playsC. provide case studies of Shakespeare’s plays in literature workshopsD. guide government agencies to follow the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.75. Why do the Adelmans conduct a workshop on Henry V?A. To highlight the importance of catching opportunities.B. To encourage masterful leaders to plan strategies to win.C. To illustrate the harm of prejudices in management.D. To warn executives against power misuse.76. It can be inferred from the passage that ____.A. the Adelmans’ programme proves biased as the roles of characters are maximized.B. executives feel bored with too many specific elements of Shakespeare’s plays.C. the Adelmans will make more profits if they are professional scholars.D. Shakespeare has played an important role in the management field.77. The best title for the passage is _____.A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives reconsider corporate cultureB. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key to business successC. Shakespeare’s plays: a lesso n for business motivationD. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic resultsSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Youth sport has the potential to accomplish three important objectives in children’s development. First, sport programs provide youth with opportunities to be physically active, which can lead to improved physical health. Second, youth-sport programs have long beenconsidered important to youth’s psychosocial development, providing opportunities to learn important life skills such as cooperation, discipline, leadership, and self-control. Third, youth sport programs are critical for the learning of motor skills（运动技能）; these motor skills serve as a foundation for future national sport stars and recreational adult sport participants. When coachers develop activities for youth practices and when sport organizations design youth-sport programs, they must consider the implication of deliberate play and deliberate practice.Research from Telama (2006) states that regular participation in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities during childhood and youth (ages nine to eighteen) increases the likelihood of participation in sports during adulthood by six times for both males and females. Côté(2002) defines deliberate play activities in sport as those designed to maximize enjoyment. These activities are regulated by flexible rules adapted from standardized sport rules and are set up by the children or by an involved adult. Children typically change rules to find a point where their game is similar to the actual sport but still allows for play at their level. For example, children may change soccer and basketball rules to suit their needs and environment (e.g., in the street, on a playing field or in someone’s backyard). When involved in deliberate play activities, children are less concerned with the outcome of their behavior (whether they win or lose) than with the behavior (having fun).On the other hand, Ericsson (1993) suggests that the most effective learning occurs through involvement in highly structured activities defined as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice activities require effort, produce no immediate rewards, and are motivated by the goal of improving performance rather than the goal of enjoyment. When individuals are involved in deliberate play, they experiment with new or different combinations of behaviors, but not necessarily in the most effective way to improve performance. In contrast, when individuals are involved in deliberate practice, they exhibit behavior focused on improving performance by the most effective means available. For example, the backhand skills in tennis could be learned and improved over time by playing matches or by creating fun practice situations. However, players could more effectively improve their backhand performance by practicing drills that might be considered less enjoyable. Although the drills used in deliberate practice might not be the most enjoyable, they might be the most relevant to improving performance.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS) 78. Besides the learning of motor skills, what are the other two important objectives of youth sport?79. If children participate in deliberate play or deliberate practice activities, they are more likely to________________.80. In deliberate play activities, what do children do to maximize enjoyment?81. In contrast to deliberate play, deliberate practice is aimed at____________.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一。

2015年高考真题——英语(上海卷)_Word版含解析汇报

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（填空题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。

第Ⅰ卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversationand the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decidewhich one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. impatient B. confused C. pleased D. regretful2. A. at a bus stopB. at a laundryC. at the dentist’s D. at the chemist’s3. A. An actor B. A salesman C. A translator D. A writer4. A. He lost his classmate’s homework.B. He can’t help the woman with her math.C. He broke the woman’s calculator.D. He doesn’t know where the “on” button is.5. A. The woman should go to another counter.B. The woman gives the man so many choices.C. The man dislike the sandwiches offered there.D. The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.6. A. She has no idea where to find the man’s exam result.B. She isn’t allowed to tell students their grades.C. Dr. White hasn’t finish grading the papers.D. Dr. White doesn’t want to be contacted while he’s away.7. A. Move to a neat dormitory B. Find a person to share their apartmentC. Clean the room with the roommateD. Write an article about their roommate8. A. Bob won’t take her adviceB. Bob doesn’t want to go abroadC. She doesn’t think Bob should study overseasD. She hasn’t talked to Bob since he went aboard9. A. The snack bar isn’t usually so empty. B. Dessert is served in the snack bar.C. The snack bar is near the library.D. Snacks aren’tallowed in the library.10. A. Take her bicycle to the repair shop. B. Leave her bicycle outside.C. Clean the garage after the rain stops.D. Check if thegarage is dry.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It helps care for customers’ dogs.B. You have to buy food for dogs.C. None of the dogs are caged.D. There is a dog named Princess.12. A. She likes the food there.B. She enjoys the fun with a pet.C. She can have free coffee.D. She doesn’t like to be alone.13. A. A new kind of cafe.B. A new brand of cafe.C. A new home for pets.D. A new way to raise pets.Question 14 through 16 are based on the following passages.14. A. A trend that high achievers are given a lower salary.B. A view that life quality is more important than pay.C. A dream of the young for fast-paced jobs.D. A new term created by high achievers.15. A. 10% B. 12% C. 6% D. 7%16. A. People are less satisfied with their lives.B. The financial investment may increase.C. Well-paid jobs are not easy to find.D. Unexpected problems may arise.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Gift from a strangerMy local supermarket is always busy. The first parking space I found was convenient, but I'd noticed a woman in a blue car circling for a while. (25) _____ I was in a good mood, I let her have it. On the edge of the car park I backed into the next available spot—it was a tight fit.Pretty soon I'd made my way through the supermarket and was back in the fresh air. Feeling good, I (26) _____(empty) my purse change into the hands of a homeless man and helped a struggling woman reverse park（倒车）.Just as I approached my car, 1 saw the woman I'd let have my car space earlier. She was giving me (27) _____ odd look—half puzzled, half intent (热切的). I smiled and wished her a pleasant day. As I squeezed back into my car, I spotted the same lady (28) _____ (look) in at me. "Hello," she said, hesitantly. "This (29) _____ sound crazy but I was on my way to drop some of my mother's things off at the charity bins.” You are just so much (30) _____ her.” You helped those people, I noticed, and you seemed so happy.” She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window. “I think she would like you to have it.” (31) _____ (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.After a pause, I opened the box. Inside was a beautiful gold necklace with a large grey pearl. It was (32) _____ (nice) gift I'd ever received, and it was from a complete stranger. The necklace was around my neck, a warm reminder of human kindness.(B)Ask helpful HannahDear helpful Hannah,I’ve got a problem with my husband, Sam. He bought a smart phone a couple ofmonths ago and he took it on our recent ski vacation to Colorado, it was a greattrip except for one problem. He has a constant urge (33) for next messages;he checks his phone every five minutes! He’s so addicted to it that he just can’t stand the idea (34) there may be an important text. He can’t help checkingeven at inappropriate times like when we are eating in a restaurant and I am talkingto him! He behaves (35) any small amount of boredom can make him feel theneed to check his phone even when he know he shouldn’t. The temptation to see (36)is connecting him is just too great. When I ask him to put down the phone and stop(37) (ignore) me, he say, “In a minute.” but still checks to see if (38)has posted something new on the Internet. Our life (39) (interrupted). Ifwe go somewhere and I ask him to have the phone at home, he suffers from withdrawalsymptom. May this dependency on his smart phone has become more than an everydayproblem.I recently read an article about “nomophobia,” (40) is a real illnesspeople can’t suffer from the fear of being without your phone! I am worried thatSam maybe suffering from this illness because he feels anxious if he doesn’t havehis phone with him, even for a short time.Who would have thought that little devices like these could have brought so muchtrouble!Sick and Tired SadieSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each wordcan only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Considering how much time people spend in effects, it is important that withA be well designed. Well-designed office spaces help create a corporation’s image. They motivate workers and they make an impression on people who visit and might be potential, or 41 , customers. They make business work better, and they area part of the corporate culture to live in.As we move away from an industrial-based economy to a knowledge-based one, office designers come up with 42 to the traditional work environments of the past. The design industry has moved away from a fixed office setup and created more flexible “strategic management environments.” These 43 solutions are meant to support better organizational performance.As employee hierarchies （等级制度）have flattened or decreased, office designers’ response to this change has been to move open-plan areas to more desirable locations within the office and create fewer formal private offices. The need for increased flexibility has also been 44 by changes in workstation design. Office and work spaces often are not 45 to a given person on a permanent basis. Because of changes to methods of working, new design allow for expansion or movementof desks, storage, and equipment within the workplace. Another important design goalis communication, which designers have improved by breaking the walls that 46 workstations. Designers have also created informal gathering places and upgraded employees’ 47 to heavily trafficked areas such as copy and coffee rooms.Corporate and institutional office designers often struggle to resolve a numberof competing and often 48 demands, including budgetary limits, employees hierarchies and technological innovation (especially in relation to computerization). These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or possess a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 and their best.All these 50 of office design are related. The most successful officedesigns are like good marriage—the well-designed office and the employees that occupy it are seemingly made for each other.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.If you studied pictures that ancient people left on rock walls and you tried to determine their meaning, you would not detect interest in romance among the artists. 51 , you would see plenty of animals with people running after them. Life for ancient people’s earned to center on hunting and gathering wild foods for meals.In modern times, when food is available in grocery stores, finding love is more 52 in people’s lives. The 53 is all around us. It is easy to prepare a list of modern stories having to do with love. An endless number of books and movies qualify as love stories in popular culture.Researchers are studying whether love, a highly valued emotional state, can be 54 . They ask, what is love? Toothpaste companies want us to think attraction is all about clean teeth, but clean teeth go only so far. Scientists wonder how much the brain gets involved. You have probably heard that opposites attract but that 55 attract, too. One thing is certain: The truth about love is not yet set in stone. First ImpressionTo help determine the 56 of attraction, researchers paired 164 college classmates and had them talk for 3, 6 or 10 minutes so they could get a sense of each other’s individuality. Then students were asked to 57 what kind of relationship they were likely to build with their partners. After nine weeks, they reported what happened.As it turned out, their 58 judgments often held true. Students seemed to 59 at an early stage who would best fit into their lives.The 60 KnowsScientists have also turned to nonhumans to increase understanding of attraction. Many animals give off pheromones — natural chemicals that can be detected by, and then can produce a response in, other animals of the same species. Pheromones can signal that an animal is either ready to fight or is feeling 61 to partnerships. In contrast, humans do not seem to be as 62 as other animals at detecting such chemicals. Smell, however, does seem to play a part in human attraction. Although we may not be aware of chemicals like pheromones consciously, we give and receive loads of information through smell in every interaction with other people.Face ValueBeing fond of someone seems to have a number of factors, including seeing something we find attractive. Researchers had people judge faces for 63 . The participants had 0.013 seconds to view each face, yet somehow they generally considered the images the same as people who had more time to study the same faces. The way we 64 attractiveness seem to be somewhat automatic.When shown an attractive face and then words with good or bad associations, people responded to 65 words faster after viewing an attractive face. Seeing something attractive seems to cause happy thinking.51. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Otherwise52. A. romantic B. stressful C. central D. artificial53. A. priority B. proof C. possibility D. principle54. A. tested B. impressed C. changed D. created55. A. appearances B. virtues C. similarities D. passions56. A. illustrations B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions57. A. predict B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall58. A. critical B. initial C. random D. mature59. A. memorize B. distinguish C. negotiate D. question60. A. Nose B. Eye C. Heart D. Hand61. A. open B. alert C. resistant D. superior62. A. disappointed B. amazed C. confused D. gifted63. A. emotion B. attractiveness C. individuality D. signals64. A. enhance B. possess C. maintain D. assess65. A. familiar B. plain C. positive D. irritating第二部分：阅读理解（第一节共20小题，第二节5小题；每小题2分，满分50分）阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。

2015上海高考复习资料完全整理合集(word版,共59页)

2015年 高考 英语 上海(部分)(已编辑版)

2015年高考真题——英语(上海卷)Word版含答案

【备战2015高考】全国2015届高中英语试题汇编(10月 上)：V单元 上海 Word版含解析

2015年高考上海卷文数试题解析(精编版)(解析版)

2015上海市高考英语压轴卷 Word版含解析

2015年高考真题——英语(上海卷) Word版含解析

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学文试题精品解析(上海卷)

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试数学理试题精品解析(上海卷)

2015年上海高考数学理科含答案word版

2015年高考真题——英语(上海卷)_Word版含解析汇报

2015年上海高考数学考试手册考纲

2015年高考真题语文(上海卷) Word版含解析

2015年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文试题(上海卷,含解析)

(完整word版)2015年上海高考英语试卷及答案(word完整精校版)

2015年高考真题——英语(上海卷)_Word版含解析汇报

2015年高考英语上海(部分)(已编辑版)

【备战2015高考】全国2015届高中英语试题汇编(10月上)：V单元上海 Word版含解析