英语语法分析-句子成分分析

met my _best friend Tom at the ststion yesterday. ______________

主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语

1、主语：是一句的主体，是全句诉说的对象，常用名词、数词或代词担任(是全句谈论的中心话题)。例：

(I) Students syudy. (名词)

⑵We are frie nds. (代词)

(3) To go to good uni versity is his first goal. (不定式)

(4) Doing morning exercise is good for your health. (动名词)

(5) Jane is good at play ing the pia no.

(6) She went out in a hurry.

(7) Four plus four is eight.

(8) To see is to believe.

(9) Smoking is bad for health.

(10) The young should respect the old.

(II) What he has said is true.

2、谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或动词词组担任，放在主语的后面(主语做什么了、怎么了)。例：

(1) Stude nts study. (实意动词)

⑵We are frie nds. (be 动词)

(3) We love China.

(4) We have finished reading this book.

(5) He can speak E nglish. (复合谓语)

(6) She seems tired.

(7) I saw the flag on the top of the hill.

(8) He looked after two orphans.

3、宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或代词担任，放在及物动词或代词之后(动作的对象，目标；位于及物动词之后)。宾语分为间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾语指物，间接宾语指人。例：

(a) He gave me some books.

间接宾语直接宾语

(b) Please pass me the book.

(c) He bought me some flowers.

(1) They are teachers.

(2) I play with him.

(3) We love watching football games.

(4) He is dong her homework now.

(5) I like my job.

(6) I love you.

(7) He wan ted to leave here.

(8) They enjoyed play ing football games.

注：位于介词之后的成分也称之为宾语。

4、宾语补足语：是对宾语进行补充说明，宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。例：

(1) 1 found the book interesting.

(2) Do you smell somethi ng burning?

(3) He made himself known to them.

(4) She asked me to lend her a hand.

(5) Please make yourself at home.

(6) Please keep the dog out.

(7) We must keep it a secret.

主动语态变成被动语态后，宾语补足语变成主补。例：

(1) 1 last saw him play ing n ear the river—He was last seen play ing n ear the river.

(2) The teacher caught the student cheati ng in the exam.

—The stude nt was caught cheati ng in the exam.

(3) We made him monitor.—He was made monitor.

(4) He pushed the dooroper—The door was pushed_ope n.

5、定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从

句担任(是用来说明名词或代词性质特点的词)。形容词放在名词前，相当于形容词的短

语或从句放在名词之后。例：

(1) This is a red sun.

(2) The black bike is mine.

(3) He is a tall boy.

(4) She is a chemistry teacher.

(5) The man in bllue is my brother.

(6) The girl playing the pia no is my y oun ger sister.

(7) The lady who is weari ng red dress is our new teacher.

6、状语：是用来说明动词，形容词，副词、介词短语或整个句子的成分，常由副词担任。修饰动词的可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词的放在它

们之前。例：

(1) The stude nts study har _

(2) 1 often write to him.

(3) The bag is too_heavy.