英语诗歌的节奏

第二节英语诗歌的节奏

英诗的节奏来自于诗的格律和音步，而音步是格律的基本单位。音步是一定数目的重读音节和非重读音节按照一定的规则排列而成。音步的排列方式则构成英诗的格律。按照每一音步中重读音节（扬）和非重读音节（抑）的排列方式，可以把音步分成不同的种类，及格律。

常见的英语诗歌格律有以下四种。

（1）抑扬格：音步由一个非重读音节加上一个重读音节构成。

（2）扬抑格：音步由一个重读音节加上一个非重读音节构成。

（3）扬抑抑格：音步由一个重读音节加上两个非重读音节构成。

（4）抑抑扬格：音步由两个非重读音节加上一个重读音节构成。

（1）抑扬格iambus ,the iambus foot

She walks in Beauty

She walks in beauty, like the night

Of cloudless climes and starry skies;

And all that's best of dark and bright

Meet in her aspect and her eyes:

Thus mellow'd to that tender light

Which heaven to gaudy day denies.

One shade the more, one ray the less,

Had half impair'd the nameless grace

Which waves in every raven tress,

Or softly lightens o'er her face;

Where thoughts serenely sweet express

How pure, how dear their dwelling-place.

And on that cheek, and o'er that brow,

So soft, so calm, yet eloquent,

The smiles that win, the tints that glow,

But tell of days in goodness spent,

A mind at peace with all below,

A heart whose love is innocent!

（2）扬抑格trochee, the trochaic foot

Men of England, wherefore plough

For the lords who lay ye low

Never seek to tell thy love,

Love that never told can be.

（3）扬抑抑格

Cannon to right of them,

Cannon to left of them,

Cannon behind them

Volley'd and thunder'd;

Storm'd at with shot and shell, While horse and hero fell,

They that had fought so well

Came thro' the jaws of Death

Back from the mouth of Hell,

All that was left of them,

Left of six hundred.

(4) 抑抑扬格

Annabel lee

抑扬格一音步

Thus I

Pass by

And die

As one

Unknown

And gone----

Tell me not, in mournful numbers, Life is but an empty dream!

For the soul is dead that slumbers, And things are not what they seem.

Life is real! Life is earnest!

And the grave is not its goal; Dust thou art, to dust returnest,

Was not spoken of the soul.

Not enjoyment, and not sorrow,

Is our destined end or way;

But to act, that each to-morrow

Find us farther than to-day.

Art is long, and Time is fleeting,

And our hearts, though stout and brave,

Still, like muffled drums, are beating

Funeral marches to the grave.

In the world's broad field of battle,

In the bivouac of Life,

Be not like dumb, driven cattle!

Be a hero in the strife!

Trust no Future, howe'er pleasant!

Let the dead Past bury its dead!

Act,--act in the living Present!

Heart within, and God o'erhead!

Lives of great men all remind us

We can make our lives sublime,

And, departing, leave behind us

Footprints on the sands of time;

Footprints, that perhaps another,

Sailing o'er life's solemn main,

A forlorn and shipwrecked brother,

Seeing, shall take heart again.

Let us, then, be up and doing,

With a heart for any fate;

Still achieving, still pursuing,

Learn to labor and to wait.

----H.W. Longfellow

扬抑格四音步

The trumpet of a prophecy! O wind,

If winter comes, can spring be far behind?

第三节英诗的音韵_

英诗的音乐性还表现在音韵上。音韵是通过重复使用相同或相近的音素而产生，是构成诗歌音乐美和艺术情趣的重要元素。

英诗中常见的音韵形式可以分为两大类：行中韵（internal rhyme）和尾韵(end rhyme)