定语从句(讲义及答案).

定语从句

一、定语从句概念回顾

在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句，叫定语从句。

I love the stories that are very interesting.

I like the singers who write their own music.

先行词：定语从句所修饰的词

关系词：1.连接主从句 2.代替先行词 3.在定语从句中作成分

二、定语从句的翻译

英译汉：“……的……”

I know the girl who is under the tree.

主句：我认识那个女孩。

从句：那个女孩站在树下。

合并：我认识站在树下的那个女孩。

I remember the day when you got the prize.

主句：我记得那一天。

从句：那一天你得奖了。

合并：我记得你得奖的那一天。

汉译英：

我找到了他丢的那支钢笔。

主句：I found the pen.

从句：He lost the pen.

合并：I found the pen which he lost.

这就是我爸爸工作的那家工厂。

主句：This is the factory.

从句：My father works in the factory.

合并：This is the factory where my father works.

三、关系词的分类

关系词分为两种：

关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose (主/宾/定)

关系副词：when, where, why (状)

四、定语从句中只用that 的情况

当先行词是物时，一般情况下用which、that 都可以，但以下情况只能用that 来引导。

1.当先行词为all, none, much, little, the one, anything, nothing 等不定代词时，只用that。

All that you like is very good.

Everything that we have seen in China is moving.

2.当先行词前面有all, any, no 等修饰时，只用that。

I want to read all the books that are about history.

Do you have any ideas that can help us?

3.当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或the only, the very, the last, just 等修饰时，只用that。

The first thing that we should do is to get some food.

This is the best movie that I have ever seen.

This is the only book that I want to read.

4.先行词中既有人又有物时，只用that。

The writer and his novel that you have talked about are really famous.

5.当主句是以特殊疑问词开头的特殊疑问句时，只用that。

Which is the course that we are to take?

Who is the boy that is playing baseball?

6.当主句以There be 结构开头，且先行词作其主语时，只用that。

There is a seat in the corner that is still free.

There are two books on history that are for you.

单选：

( )1. I hope that the little I have been able to do can help

them.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. whom

( )2. They talked about the people and places they had

visited.

A. which

B. that

C. who

D. whom

( )3. The third room windows are big is ours.

A. that

B. which

C. whose

D. who

( )4. This is the most beautiful city I’ve ever seen.

A. which

B. that

C. who

D. whom

( )5. I live in Shanghai I like now.

A. which

B. what

C. who

D. whom

( )6. Who is the man is waiting at the school gate?

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. whom

( )7. There is a present on the table is for you.

A. which

B. that

C. who

D. whom

五、定语从句中的关系副词

1.when 表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。

I still remember the year. In the year you visited Henan.

合成定语从句：I still remember the year when you visited Henan.

I will never forget the day. On the day I joined the Party.

合成定语从句：I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.

2.where 表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。

That is the school. In the school I studied ten years ago.

合成定语从句：That is the school where I studied ten years ago.

Zhengzhou is the city. In the city I got my first job.

合成定语从句：Zhengzhou is the city where I got my first job.

3.why 表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词是表示原因的reason 一词。

We don’t know the reason. For the reason he was late.

合成定语从句：We don’t know the reason why he was late.

Can you tell me the reason? For the reason you left Xi’an.

合成定语从句：Can you tell me the reason why you left Xi’an?

用适当的词填空：

1.This is the town he was born.