初中英语书面表达解题技巧

书面表达解题技巧

1. 中考书面表达的题型

中考英语中的书面表达题，主要有“补全对话”、“看图填词”、“看图写话”、“看图作答”、“看图完成短文”、“看图完成句子”和“根据提示的内容，完成某项写作”等形式。这类题型的考试目的在于：通过书面形式测试考生口头会话和作简单书面表达的能力。

一般说来，测试的主要内容都是以日常生活为背景，进行简单的会话或写作。例如：问候、问路、看病、打电话、购物、自我介绍、便条、通知、短信等功能意念项目和简单的应用文。一个题目写10个左右的句子，字数为60－100个左右。书面表达一般分为：记叙文、说明文和应用文。

1）记叙文

是以写人、叙事为主要内容的一种文体，也是英语书面表达中最普遍、最基本的文体。记叙文一般是记叙某人或者某事，多用一般过去时来记叙。记叙文要有明确的主题和中心思想，记叙文的线索要清晰。记叙文一般包括基本要素即：who（何人），what（何事），when （何时），where （何地），why （何因），how （怎么样）。写记叙文要掌握记叙事情或者人物的人称代词和动词的时态。一般记叙文用第一人称或者第三人称代词来写较好。

例如：

Planting Trees

It was fine on March 12, 2012. I got up early that day. All the students in our school went to the hill near our school and planted trees.

We arrived there at eight o’clock. The teacher asked each of us to plant at least six trees. Then we started digging, planting and watering. We all worked so hard that we could finish our tasks ahead of the time. Among us, Wang Lin, our monitor set a good example for us. Though he was

ill, he worked harder. When he finished his task, he went on to help others without having a rest. He was wet all over after work. “I must learn from him,” I said to myself. Looking at the lines of the young trees, we smiled happily, forgetting our tiredness.

2）说明文

是以说明为主要表达方式，用简洁明了的文字介绍事物，说明道理的文章。主要是对事物的类别、性质、特征、状态、功能等进行说明和解释。也可以对事物的发生、发展和消亡的过程进行解说的文章，都是说明文。说明文写作的目的是让读者知道、了解客观世界、掌握问题的解决办法。说明文的特点是：具有知识性、科学性、应用性、解说性、条理性。

写说明文要抓住事物的特点即本质特征，让读者获得全面深刻的认识。要安排好说明的顺序，是时间顺序还是空间顺序。要讲究说明的方法，一般写说明文用下定义、举例子、作比较、列数字、画图表和打比喻。要注意说明文的语言要准确，简洁、通俗生动。

例如：

My Foreign Friend —Tom

Tom Brown is an American boy. He is 17 years old. He lives at 69 Park Road, New York with his parents. Tom is a student in No. 4 High School. On weekdays, he studies very hard. Art and music are his favorite subjects. In his spare time, he likes doing sports. He usually goes swimming three times a week. After supper, he usually walks. On Saturdays, he usually has parties, goes shopping and takes photos. He likes making friends and they always enjoy themselves. After a week’s hard work, he likes staying at home and watching TV on Sundays.

Every year, he goes traveling to many countries.

3）应用文

应用文主要包括：书信、日记、发言稿、电话记录、通知和贺卡。

①书信

书信的格式：第一种是写信人的地址和日期在右上角，收信人的地址、姓名在左上角，比收信人的地址低一行，书信的正文每一段起行都留5个字母的空间。第二种是每一段的起行都不留空间，段与段之间空一行。写地址时，小的地址在前面，大的地址在后面。第一行写门牌号，街道名称，乡镇名称。第二行写县市区省的名称。第三行写国家的名称。

书信的结构：开场白和结束语

书信的称呼一般用Dear ____，例如：Dear friend，Dear Dad等。

开场白一般用：

Thank you for ____.

It’s a pleasure for me to ______.

Glad to get your letter.

How are things getting on?

结束语一般用：

Best wishes!

Wish you good luck!

Write to me soon.

Hope to hear from you.

Give my best wishes to _____.

书信最后的签名是Yours, _____. / Your loving.等。

②发言稿：

发言稿有三个部分构成：开场白、正文和结束语（表示感谢、祝愿、希望）例如：