小儿腺样体、扁桃体切除术

At the beginning of the 20th century, recurrent tonsillitis was the main reason for removal of the tonsils. TA represented 30–50% of all pediatric surgeries in the 1930s
The advent of antibiotics in the 1950s resulted in a dramatic decrease in the overall number of tonsillectomies. In the USA, the frequency dropped from 1,400,000 TAs per year in 1959 to 500,000 in 1979, In the UK, 200,000 tonsillectomies per year in 1930 to 50,000 at the beginning of the 21st century
As a consequence, the Austrian Pediatric and ENT Societies had to revise and tighten the guidelines
for adenotonsillectomy
The main aim is to restrict tonsillectomies to cases where the complete tonsil has to be dissected. The criteria
美国2011年版儿童扁桃体切除术临床实践 指南
该指南适用于1—18岁可能需行扁桃体切除 术的患儿；
Removal of the tonsils and adenoids is thought to be the bread and butter of pediatric otolaryngology.
The series published during the last 30 years show a clear shift in the indications of tonsillectomy. Sleep-disordered breathing is now the main reason for TA in children. All studies published in the last few years show this trend, which is even more obvious in children under 3 years of age, where OSAS reaches 90–100% of indications. In older children, infections are more frequent indications for TA
Having a closer look at the history of tonsillectomy, it becomes quickly clear that barely any other ENT surgery has undergone so many changes regarding the frequency, indication and technique as tonsillectomy did.
The current Baidu Nhomakorabeaontroversial issue is focused on pediatric tonsillectomy, a surgical procedure that is learned early during specialist training and performed by almost all otolaryngologists worldwide.
for tonsillectomy are formulated vigorously: at least 7 tonsil infections in 1 year or 5 tonsil infections in each of 2 consecutive years have to be documented prior to the removal of the tonsils. For children younger than 6 years of age with tonsil hypertrophy, tonsillotomy rather
Austrian events：The death of 5 children in Austria below the age of 6 years due to posttonsillectomy haemorrhage in 2006 and 2007 showed how quickly medical procedures can be discussed and debated by the media and politicians
than tonsillectomy is recommended. Furthermore, an overall hospital stay of 2–3 nights for inpatient surgery is suggested
During the evaluation period from October 1, 2009, to June 30, 2010, all consecutive tonsil and adenoid surgeries in Austria (n = 9,405 patients) and their risk factors were evaluated.