经济学原理第三章PPT课件

1.4%
14,421
1.0%
14,729 1,333 1,836
0.8% 0.3% –1.2% 5
Incomes
and Growth Around the
World
China Singapore Japan
FACT 2:
Spain India
There is
Israel
also great variation in growth rates across countries.
Questions:
▪ Why are some countries richer than others? ▪ Why do some countries grow quickly while others
seem stuck in a poverty trap?
▪ What policies may help raise growth rates and
GDP per
Growth rate,
capita, 2005 1960-2005
$6,572
5.8%
29,921
5.4%
30,821
3.8%
26,125 3,486
3.2% 2.7%
25,670
2.7%
41,854
2.2%
32,886 7,769 22,511
2.1% 1.8% 1.4%
4,920
5.8%
29,921
5.4%
30,821
3.8%
26,125 3,486
25,670
3.2% 2.7% 2.7%
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41,854
2.2%
32,886
2.1%
7,769 22,511
1.8% 1.4%
4,920
1.4%
14,421
1.0%
14,729
0.8%
1,333 1,836
0.3% –1.2% 6
Incomes and Growth Around the World
A typical family with all their possessions in Mexico, a middle income country
GDP per capita: Life expectancy: Adult literacy:
$11,410 76 years 92%
A typical family with all their possessions in Mali, a poor country
In this chapter, look for the answers to these questions:
▪ What are the facts about living standards and
growth rates around the world?
▪ Why does productivity matter for living standards? ▪ What determines productivity and its growth rate? ▪ How can public policy affect growth and living
United States Canada Colombia New Zealand Philippines Argentina
Saudi Arabia
Rwanda
PRODUCTION AND GROWHTaHiti
GDP per
Growth rate,
capita, 2005 1960-2005
$6,572
standards?
1
A typical family with all their possessions in the U.K., an advanced economy
GDP per capita: Life expectancy: Adult literacy:
$35,580 79 years 99%
25 C H A P T E R
Production and Growth
Economics P R I N C I P L E S O F N. Gregory Mankiw
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vast differences in living standards around the
United States Canada Colombia New Zealand Philippines Argentina
world.
Saudi Arabia
Rwanda
PRODUCTION AND GROWHTaHiti
Since growth rates vary, the country rankings can change over time:
▪ Poor countries are not necessarily doomed to
poverty forever – e.g., Singapore, incomes were low in 1960 and are quite high now.
long-run living standards?
PRODUCTION AND GROWTH
8
Productivity
▪ Recall one of the Ten Principles from Chap. 1:
GDP per capita: Life expectancy: Adult literacy:
$1,130 50 years 46%
Incomes
and Growth Around the
World
China Singapore Japan
FACT 1:
Spain India
There are
Israel
▪ Rich countries can’t take their status for granted:
They may be overtaken by poorer but faster-growing countries.
PRODUCTION AND GROWTH
7
Incomes and Growth Around the World