英国文学复习整理 名词解释

英国文学复习整理 3

名词解释

1，Dramatic Monologue 戏剧独白

a poem delivered in a dramatic manner by a single persona speaker

who is not identified with the poet usually to achieve an ironical effect.

2, Aestheticism 美学主义（唯美主义）

Aestheticism (also the Aesthetic Movement) is an intellectual and art movement supporting the emphasis of aesthetic values more than social-political themes for literature, fine art, music and other arts.

The Pygmalion Effect 皮格马利翁效应

The Pygmalion Effect is that people tend to behave as you expect they will. If you expect a person to take responsibility, they probably will.

If you expect them not to even try, they probably won’t.

Mordenism

Ageneral term applied to the experimental and avant-grade trends in literatureand other arts of the early 20th century.

Discontinuity and fragmentation

Juxtaposition (并列) and multiple points of view（多重视角）

Lack of a unitary self

Modernism Literature (1918~45)

In the second half of the 19th century and the early decades of the 20th century, both natural and social sciences in Europe had enormously advanced. The two world wars destroyed people’s faith in the Victorian values and gave rise to all kinds of philosophical ideas in Western Europe. Modernism become the mainstream literature during that period. Drama is the most famous form in modernism. And dramatic monologue was famous at that period. Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw pioneered the modern drama. Oscar Wilde is be well known for his master work--The Importance of Being Earnest. George Bernard Shaw's works are examples of the play inspired by social criticism. His master work is Widower’s Houses. Furthermore,David Herbert Lawrence was a great writer during this period, too. His master work, Sons and Lovers, is famous all over the world.

Modernist fiction

crisis

attempts to represent the underlying truths of consciousness & psyche(心智)

rejection of external, unitary, coherent appearance of realist

conventions

lack of causality(因果性)

insufficiency of language

oppositional relations between the individual and the social, alienation

first person narrator, often unreliable

A sense of urban dislocation and alienation

works by male writers tend to be misogynistic（厌恶女人的人）

Colonialism

one country’s domination of another country or people—usually achieved through aggressive, often military actions，and the territory acquired in this manner.

Post-colonial theory

is a multicultural theory which mainly studies relations of cultural discourse power between the colonist and the colonized as well as racism (种族主义), cultural imperialism （文化帝国主义）, national culture and culture power identity after colonial period

Representatives后殖民理论的“圣三位一体”

Edward Said(萨义德)

Gayatri C. Spivak(斯皮瓦克)