体育运动中踝关节扭伤的防治

文章编号:1006-3110(2007)06-1854-02

体育运动中踝关节扭伤的防治

刘 艳

摘要: 目的 探讨在体育运动中发生踝关节扭伤的治疗方法及相应的预防措施。 方法 选取广西区田径队60例踝关节扭伤患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组。二组患者均先采用手法治疗,治疗组加用中药外敷,对照组采用云南白药外喷,均以3d为1个疗程,连续用药3个疗程,对二组患者患肢的踝关节疼痛、肿胀程度、活动度、步行能力及受伤部位功能恢复情况进行综合评定。 结果 二组患者在治疗1~3个疗程后,均有明显好转;治疗组治疗第1、2、3个疗程后,痊愈率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组治疗第1、2个疗程后,总有效率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),第3个疗程后,二组总有效率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 采用手法结合中药外敷治疗踝关节扭伤,恢复快、疗效满意,同时应加强预防措施,尽量减少运动损伤。

关键词: 踝关节扭伤;治疗;预防

中图分类号:R873 文献标识码:A

Prevention and Treatment of Exercise-induced Ankle Sprain LI U Yan(Guangxi Research Institute of Sports Science,Nan ning530031,Guangxi,China)

Abstract: Objective To discuss the treatment and prevention measures for ankle s prain in athletics. Methods Sixty ankle sprain patients selected from Guangxi R egional Track and Field Team were randomly di vided into the treatm ent group and the control group.Both groups were recei ved m anual pr actices fi rst,then the treatment group received topical TCM m edicine,and the contr ol gr oup received Yunnan Bai yao spray.Three days treatm ent was regarded as1therapeuti c course for both groups and the treatment peri od lasted for3successive therapeutic courses.C om prehensi ve ass essm ent of ankle pain,swelli ng,activi ty extent,walking abil ity,and functional recover y of inj u r ed parts was conducted in these pati ents.

Results After the3-course treatment,the pati ents i n both groups were much im proved.The cure rate of the treatm ent group was signifi cantly hi gher than that of the control group(P<0.05)after the first,second,and third courses.The total ef ficiency of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05)after the first and second courses,whil e there was no significant di fference between the2groups(P>0.05)after the thir d course. C onclusions

C om binati on treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and manual pr actices on topical ankle sprain has quicker recovery and

satisfactory therapeuti c effect.Meanwhile,strengthening preventive m easures and reduci ng athleti c injury are al s o im portant.

Key words: Ankle sprain;Treatment;Prevention

踝关节扭伤是运动损伤的常见病,在关节韧带损伤中占第一位,可发生于任何年龄,多发于青壮年,损伤带来的痛苦非常大,影响了运动员的正常训练和生活。踝关节扭伤的原因及治疗方法很多,我们采用手法结合中药外敷治疗踝关节扭伤,效果满意,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料 选择广西区田径队1998-2001年的踝关节扭伤的田径运动员60例,均符合踝关节扭伤诊断标准,不伴有踝部骨折,X线检查未见骨质异常;其中男17例,女43例;年龄14~25岁,平均20岁;均为单踝扭伤,其中左踝19例,右踝41例;内翻损伤52例,外翻损伤8例;病程1h~10d;损伤类型为单纯韧带损伤;临床表现局部疼痛、活动受限、有踝关节外侧局部肿胀或者皮下瘀血,内翻功能障碍。将患者分为治疗组30例和对照组30例,二组患者性别、年龄、病程等一般情况经检验差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。

作者单位:广西壮族自治区体育科学研究所(广西 南宁 530031)

作者简介:刘艳(1958-),女,本科学历,副研究员,研究方向:运动医学。1.2 治疗及方法 所有患者取坐位、侧卧或仰卧位。用正骨水或万花油在患侧踝部施以点、揉、按等手法,用手大拇指由患者脚背至外踝向小腿做推摩,手法由轻到重,以患者自觉酸胀为度。再点按风市、足三里、太溪、昆仑、丘墟、绝骨、解溪、太冲等穴,以通经络之气。一手握着患者小腿的下端,另一手握足跖部,根据内翻位或外翻位损伤,在对抗牵引下行背伸、跖屈、内外翻,使患足做被动绕环运动3~5次,有时可以听到跗骨错缝及肌腱韧带弹响复原声音。每日1次。

对照组:将云南白药气雾剂直接喷于患肢,每天喷涂1次。

治疗组:红藤200g、麻骨风200g、九节枫200g、藤当归200g、藤杜仲60g、金樱根60g、海桐皮120g、勾藤120g,用5 kg高度的桂林三花酒浸泡2~3个月,用药酒外擦并热敷患处,如有肿胀敷后用弹力绷带适度固定,每天2~3次。

两组均以3d为1疗程,连续用药3个疗程。

1.3 观察指标及疗效评定标准 以治疗前与治疗后踝关节疼痛(包括自觉疼痛和压痛)、肿胀程度及活动度、步行能力作为观察指标,详细记录每个患者治疗前后的情况并进行打分[2]:(1)疼痛。0分:患肢无疼痛;1分:患肢轻度疼痛;2分:患