宾语从句专项讲解及练习(有答案)

宾语从句专项讲解及练习（有答案）
宾语从句
一、基本概念
定义：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

二、宾语从句分类
动词的宾语从句
e.g.He asked whose handwriting was the best.
介词的宾语从句
e.g.It depends on whether it is going to rain.
形容词的宾语从句,即系词+心理状态形容词+宾语
e.g I am afraid that he can't finish the work.
三、宾语从句用法详解
1.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。

即主语+谓语的顺序。

如：I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll hav e the meeting.
注意：在宾语从句中带有特殊疑问词但句序不变的句子：What’s the matter?
What’s your trouble?
What’s your problem?
What’s up?
What’s your name?
典型例题
1.Can you tell me ____?
A .whom do we have to see B. whom we have to see
2. The teacher asked the students ____.
A. what they were doing
B. what were they doing
3. She wants to know____.
A. where does he live
B. Where he lives
4. Her father asked _____.
A. who the tallest is
B. who is the tallest
5.Do you know ____?
A. what is on the desk B . what on the desk is
答案：BABBA
2.宾语从句的时态
1）. 若主句时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。

即从句可用所需任何时态，如：
I don’t think (that) you are right. Can you tell me how I can get to the railway
station?
He says Mary is playing with the cat . He says Mary often plays with the cat.
He says Mary will play with the cat. I think he left yesterday morning.
2）. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。

例如：He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
注意：直接引语变间接引语时态的变化：
He said,“ Mary is playing with the cat.” →He said Mary was playing with the cat.
He said, “he will go back to China soon.” →He said he
would go back to China soon
3）. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时，不受主句时态的限制。

例如：
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
The teacher said, “the moon moves around the sun.”
→The teacher said that the moon moves around the sun.
He said, “light travels much faster than sound.”
→He said light travels much faster than sound.
【讲解】告诉学生，宾语从句的时态问题仍然只是时态的问题，跟宾语从句其实没啥关系，请不要把这
个当作新的知识点来讲，请用时态的知识点来讲。

4）. 当主句为Could you (please) tell us-----?时，只表示语气，而不表示过去时态。

典型例题
用所给词的适当形式填空
1．He says that he _________ (read) now.
2．Can you tell me if they _________ (finish) the work already？
3．Dou you know where John ________(go) yesterday?
4．My sister told me she _________ (be) free tomorrow.
5．I wanted to know if you __________(like) the movie.
6．The teacher told us the earth _________(go) around the sun.
7．Could you tell me if there __________(be) a hospital near here?
答案：is reading have finished went would be liked goes
3.宾语从句的连接词
1）、That 只起连接作用，在句子中不做句子成分，在口语中常被省略
2）、If 和whether 起连接作用，不做句子成分。

（注意：与不定式连用；做介词的宾语；与or not 连用-----用
whether）。

3）、疑问词who、what 、when、where 、whom 、whose 、why、how 、
which在句子中既起连接作用，又做句子成分。

4）当主句为Could you (please) tell us-----?时，只表示语气，而不表示过去时态。

4..主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问
句一般与宾语从句一致.
I think he isn’t a student. ×
I don’t think he is a student. √
I don’t think he is a student. is he?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he？
典型例题
1．I think he is a good teacher,_____________. （反意疑问句）
I _________ think he ________good teacher.(将上句变否定句）
2．I don’t know if he ________ ( come) tomorrow
if he_______( come), I will have a party for him
3．Do you know when Mary ____________(arrive) ？
When she _____ (arrive), please tell me
4．Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
Can you tell me ____ _____ _____ _____the railway station?
答案：isn’t he don’t is will come comes will arrive arrives how to get to
5.宾语从句的句型转换
1）. 陈述句变为that引导的宾语从句
e.g. 1. He said, “You are younger than I ”. He said that I was younger than him.
2. He says, “Tom is a good student ”. He says that Tom is a good student.
2）. 一般疑问句变为if /whether引导的宾语从句
（将普通的一般疑问句变成宾语从句if/whether连接，同时变成陈述句语序。

）
e.g. 1. She said, “Do you often co me here to read newspaper? ”
She said if (whether) I often came here to read newspaper
2. “Will they go to visit the Great Wall?” he asked.
He asked if (whether) they would go visit the Great Wall.
3）. 特殊疑问句变为who, what, when等引导的宾语从句
（将普通的特殊疑问句变成宾语从句时，从句的语序要由疑问句变成陈述句的语序。

）
e.g. 1. He asked, “Where do you live?” He asked where I lived.
2. “How can we get to the post-office?” he asked. He asked how they could get to the post-office.
4）. 祈使句变为引导的宾语从句
（将祈使句变为宾语从句时，用ask/tell/order sb (not) to do sth等转述。

）
e.g. 1. M r Green said to his son, “Open the door.” Mr Green
told his son to open the door.
2. The police shouted to him, “Hands up.” The police ordered him to put up his hands.
注意：
（一）当主句的谓语动词为一般过去时时，直接引语变为间接引语的时态变化如下：
2）人称的变化
(1). 直接引语中第一人称在间接引语中应与主句的主语人称一致。

She said, “I like tennis.” →She said that she liked tennis.
(2)．直接引语中第二人称在间接引语中应与主句的宾语人称一致。

He said to lily, “You have to get up early .” →He told lily that she had to get up early.
(3)．直接引语中第三人称在间接引语中保持不变。

He said to me, “They want to help him.” →He told to me they wanted to help him.”
【讲解】（口诀：一主，二宾，三不变）
典型例题
1. The radio says it _________ cloudy tomorrow. (be)
2. The headmaster hopes everything ______ well. (go)
3. Tom says that they ____________ (play) basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening.
4. I hear they __________ (return) it already.
5. He said that they _________ members of the Party since 1948. (be)
6. He asked what they __________ at eight last night. (do)
7. The teacher told his class that light _______ faster than sound. (travel)
8. I think you __________ about the relay race now. (talk)
9. I didn’t know whom the letters _________ from. (be)
10. I didn’t know what time he _______ the letter. (write)
11. Miss Wang told me that the earth ______(move) round the earth.
12. Could you tell me who _________ away the book already? (take)
13. Ling Feng told me he _________ to several times. (be)
14. Our teacher told us in class the sun _______ in the east. (rise)
15. Can you tell me what they ______ yesterday? (do)
答案：
will be goes were playing has returned had been
were doing travels are talking were wrote
moves has taken has been rises did
课堂检测
Choose the best answer.
( )1. Miss Green didn’t tell us _____ in 2009.
A. where does she live
B. where she lives
C. where did she live
D. where she lived
( )2. Would you please tell me _____ ?
A. when did he come home
B. where he would play football
C. if he had seen the film
D. why he didn’t watch the game ( )3. I don’t know when _____.
A. will the train leave
B. the train will leave
C. would the train leave
D. the train leave
( )4. --- We don’t know______.
--- It is said that he was born in Sweden.
A. what he is
B. if he lives here
C. where he comes from
D. which country is he from ( )5. Do you know ______ during the coming summer holiday?
A. what will T om do
B. what did Tom do
C. what Tom will do
D. what Tom did
( )6. I want to know _____.
A. what is his name
B. what’s his name
C. that his name is
D. what his name is
( )7. Could you tell me _____ the bike this morning?
A. how does he mend
B. how he mends
C. how he mended
D. how did he mend
( )8. You can’t imagine _____ when they received these nice
Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited
B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they
D. they were how excited
( )9. Every morning the patients are asked if ______ their temperature taken.
A. they had had
B. have they had
C. they have had
D. had they had
( )10. It’s up to you to decide ______ you’ll go there, by air or by road.
A. how
B. why
C. that
D. when
Keys: 1-5. DDBCC 6-10. DCBCA
四．学法总结
宾语从句须注意，
几点事项应牢记。

一是关键引导词，
不同句子词相异。

陈述句子用that；
一般疑问是否(if，whether)替；
特殊问句更好办，
引导还用疑问词。

二是时态常变化，
主句不同从句异。

主句若为现在时，
从句时态应看意；
主句若为过去时，
从句时态向前移。

【经典】近年上海中考宾语从句真题
7.The manager that the business would be worse after the stock(股票)went down.
(02)
C
A. talked
B. told C said D. spoke,
15. I'd like to know (02)
A. when will he give back the tape
B. whether has he received higher education
C that he has been busy
D. whether she will join in our English Evening
D
50. Professor Nelson wanted to know ______.(05)
A) when would the conference begin
B) when the conference would begin
C) when will the conference begin
D) When the conference will begin
B
49. Our class teacher asked the monitor ______.(06)
A) why didn’t Bill come to school B) why doesn’t Bill come to school
C) why Bill didn’t come to school D) why Bill doesn’t come to school
C
40. I _____you already that washing hands often will help prevent A-H1N1 Flu.(09)
A)tell B)told C)have told D)am telling
C
48. Could you please tell us ________in Shanghai?(09)
A)when will you visit the World Expo
B)when you will visit the World Expo
C)when the World Expo will you visit
D)When the World Expo you will visit
B
48.I want to know__________.(10)
A)when we should arrive at the airport.
B)When should we arrive at the airport.
C)When the airport we should arrive at.
D)When the airport should we arrive at.
A
【经典】近四年一、二模中考真题
1.After the accident, citizens are wondering about____________ to the serious events.（奉贤区一模43）B
A.will the government take action
B. how will the government take action
C. how the government will take action
D. if will the government take action
2.If you travel around the world, you will be surprised at ________. （徐汇区一模43）A
A) how different the foreign customs are
B) how the foreign customs are different
C) how different are the foreign customs
D) how are the foreign customs different
3.A: Could you tell me ______?（嘉定一模43）C
B: Sure. Walk straight along this street and you will find it.
A. how can I get to the post office
B. where is the post office
C. which is the way to the post office
D. how far is the post office
4. Could you tell me ?（浦东一模43）D
A. how could I protect myself from the air pollution
B. how can I protect myself from the air pollution
C. how I could protect myself from the air pollution
D. how I protect can myself from the air pollution
5.Jack's mother wondered________.（宝山一模42）B
A) how much he cost the computer B) how much he paid for the computer
C) how much the computer will cost him D) how much did he spend on the computer
二模
1.Ann said she _________the result of their group discussion in the following class.（普陀二模40）C
A. reports
B. reported
C. would report
D. had reported
2.The manager asked him if he for the extra work the next weekend.(松江二模38）C
A.had come
B.will come
C. Would come
D.came
3.There is not much difference between the two. I really don't know ________.（长宁二模43）C
A) which should I choose B) what should I choose
C) which I should cho6se D) what I should choose
4.The writer told the children that she _______ quite a few detective stories in the last few years.（嘉定二模35) D
A. wrote
B. has written
C. was written
D. had written
5.Our class teacher asked us _________.(嘉定二模43）D
A.why doesn’t Susan come for the picnic
B. why didn’t Susan come for the picnic
C.why Susan not come for the picnic
D.why Susan didn’t come for the picnic
6.Hi ,could you please tell me ________your father has gone to Sydney?(金山二模43）D
A) when B) how often C)how long D) if
7.Charles said that he __________ tennis with John this Friday afternoon（黄浦二模38）D
A. plays
B. is playing
C. will play
D. would play
一模
1.Jerry told me he ____________on an old man's eyes in the hospital this Sunday.
A) will operate B) would operate C) operated D) has operated （虹口区一模41）
2.I could hardly understand ______ in class, so I raised my hand to ask.
A) what my teacher said B) what did my teacher say
C) what has my teacher say D) what my teacher has said （静安区一模34）
3.Many students asked ________.
A) why weren’t they allowed to play during lunch break
B) why during lunch break weren’t they allowed to pla y
C) why they during lunch break weren’t allowed to play
D) why they weren’t allowed to play during lunch break （徐汇区一模42）
4.The movie star is afraid that she will be recognized as she _________ at the airport.
A. arrives
B. arrived
C. will arrive
D. arrive （长宁区一模41）
5.Mr. King doesn't know what time ________ back home yesterday evening.
A. does his son come
B. his son comes
C. did his son come
D. his son came （长宁区一模43）2014年一模1—5BADAD
一模
1. Could you tell me _____________?
A) who is he B) if he will attend the meeting tomorrow
C) where’s the nearest fast food restaurant D) what he has received my Christmas cards
2. Could you tell me ?
A) when the plane will take off B) when will the plane take off
C) when the plane would take off D) when would the plane take off
3.. No one can exactly tell us what ___________.
A) does Mona Lisa’s smile mean B) Mona Lisa’s smile means
C) Mona Lisa’s smile does D) does Mona Lisa’s smile
4.A: Excuse me, could you please tell me ________?
B: Yes. It’s at 123 Xinhua Road, just near the downtown.
A) where the Star Hotel is B) where the Star Hotel was
C) how get to the Star Hotel D) how can I get to the Star Hotel
5..Could you tell me ________ find another interesting detective story to read?
A) where I can B) where can I C) where I could D) where could I
1—5BABAA
二模
1. Did you ask them ________?
A. when are they going to set out
B. when they are going to set out
C. when were they going to set out
D. when they were going to set out
2. Quite a few citizens wondered ________.
A) how could they protect themselves from the air pollution
B) how they could protect themselves from the air pollution
C) how from the air pollution could they protect themselves
D) how they from the air pollution could protect themselves
3. Could you tell me ________ late for the meeting yesterday? (长宁)
A. why were you
B. why you were
C. why are you
D. why you are
4. —Could you tell me ________ you did it so well? (虹口)
—With my parents’ help.
A) who B) how C) when D) what
5. A: Show me the map, please. I wonder ________.(宝山、嘉定)
B: Look, it's here, in the east of China, near Taiwan Province.
A) where is Diaoyu Island B) where is Diaoyu Island located
C) where does Diaoyu Island lie D) where Diaoyu Island is located
6. Could you tell me ________ just now? (静安、青浦)
A) where he puts his cup B) where had he put his cup
C) where he put his cup D) where did he put his cup
1—5DBBBD 6 C
一模
1. Would you please tell me ? （崇明县）
A. when will we have an English exam
B. when we will have an English exam
C. when would we have an English exam
D. when we would have an English exam
2. Could you tell me ? （嘉定区）
A. when will the next bullet train leave for Nanjing
B. when the next bullet train will leave for Nanjing
C. when would the next bullet train leave for Nanjing
D. when the next bullet train would leave for Nanjing
3. —Could you tell me tomorrow evening? （卢湾区）——Well, it will start at 9 o'clock.
A. when the film will start
B. when will the film start
C. when the film would start
D. when would the film start
4. Jack's mother wants to know .
A. when will Jack come back
B. when Jack will come back
C. when would Jack come back
D. when Jack would come back
5. I wonder . （杨浦区）
A. when the university campus in China opens to the public
B. when will the university campus in China open to the public
C. when would open the university campus in China to the public
D. when the university campus in China will open to the public
6. The old lady couldn’t remember . （静安区）
A. where she had put her glasses
B. where had she put her glasses
C. where she puts her glasses
D. where did she put her glasses
7. I’d like to see you off at the airport. Could you tell me _______?（长宁区）
A. when your plane took off
B. when did your plane take off
C. when your plane takes off
D. when does your plane take off
8. Jack's mother wants to know . (青浦区)
A. when will Jack come back
B. when Jack will come back
C. when would Jack come back
D. when Jack would come back
答案：
1—5 BBABD 6—8 ACB
二模
1. He didn't tell us ______.（宝山）
A. if he will give us a lecture,
B. whether he would go with you
C. when would he start
D. when he will arrive
2.Excuse me, could you please tell us __________?（长宁）
A. how can we get to the airport
B. how we can get to the airport
C. how could we get to the airport
D. how we could get to the airport
3. Nobody knows ________ player will win the game until the last moment.（黄浦）
A. which
B. when
C. how
D. where
4. I didn’t understand __________ in class, so I raised my hand.（静安）
A what my teacher said
B what did the teacher say
C what does my teacher say
D what my teacher says
5. A moment, please. I'm checking if Mr. Smith _________ free tomorrow.（闵行）
A. is
B. will be
C. was
D. has been
6. The teacher didn't know _______.（青浦）
A. when the school playground opens to the public
B. when will the school playground open to the public
C. when would the school playground open to the public
D. when the school playground would open to the public
7. My friend told me that he to visit his old grandpa the next week.（松江）
A. went
B. will go
C. would go
D. had gone
8. Nobody has told us ______.（徐汇）
A. what will we discuss at today’s meeting
B. what we will at today’s meeting discuss
C. what we will discuss at today’s meeting
D. what at today’s meeting will we discuss
9. Could you tell me ________ yesterday afternoon? （杨浦）
A. when the school sports meeting ended
B. when did the school sports meeting end
C. when ended the school sports meeting
D. when the school sports meeting did end
答案：
1-5 BBAAB 6-9 DCCA
一模汇编
1.A: Could you please tell us ? B: Certainly.（宝山）
A. where does Jane lives
B. who is Jane waiting for
C. who Jane is waiting for
D. where Jane lives in
2. The students want to know . （长宁）
A. when will they have the final examination
B. when they will have the final examination
C. when the final examination will they have
D. when the final examination they will have
3.Aunt Albert wanted to know. （崇明）
A. how Tom finished the painting
B. how T om finishes the painting
C. when did Tom finish the painting
D. where Tom has finished the painting
4. Aunty Maria, would you please tell me _____?（奉贤）
A. what does Cathy like to do
B. where Cathy lives
C. that Cathy had gone to America
D. if Cathy comes today
一、Chilly asked me_________________ .（虹口）
A. if Tim would go sightseeing ____
B. how would Tim go sightseeing
C. when would Tim go sightseeing
D. where would Tim go sightseeing
6. Would you please tell me_________ ?（黄浦）
A. when would our teacher leave for London
B. when our teacher would leave for London
C. when will our teacher leave for London
D. when our teacher will leave for London
7.The driver asked the traffic police ___________________ park the car.（嘉定）
A. where could he
B. where can he
C. where he could
D. where he can
8. The old woman couldn't remember.（金山）
A. where she puts her cup
B. where had she put her cup
C. where she had put her cup
D. where did she put her cup
9. — Could you please tell me _____ in Guangzhou?
—In December.（静安）
A. when did the 16th Asian Games end
B. when the 16th Asian Games ended
C. when did the loth end Asian Games
D. when the 16th ended Asian Games
10. . Could you please tell me tomorrow afternoon?（卢湾）
A.when will the new film begin
B. when the new film will begin
C.when the new film would begin
D. when would the new film begin
11. Do you know whom ____________ ?（闵行）
A. dose this jacket belong to
B. is this jacket belong to
C. this jacket belongs to
D. this jacket is belonging to
12. I’d like to know ______.（浦东）
A. when will you ask for leave
B. when would you ask for leave
C. when you will ask for leave
D. when you would ask for leave
13. Did you know _______________ at 9 o'clock yesterday evening?（青浦）
A. whom was Jane waiting for
B. whom Is Jane waiting for。