美国文学考试

美国文学考试题型

1、填空题（这部分的重点老师带我们画过，由于比较散，不方便整理，请同寝室或隔壁寝室相互告知）-----大家记得人名，作品名称等一定不要写错了

2、名词解释（共两题，每题5分）

这一题大体有三种类型：文本、作者、理论

大题要求（大家按点答题）

文本类：①写明作者②该文本体现的理论特征③该文本的主要内容（2分）④该文本使用的主要文学技巧

理论类：①该理论出现的时间②该理论的主张（2分）③写作风格④相关作家以及他的作品作者类：①写明哪个时期的作者②该作者的文学主张③写作风格④主要作品以及作品的主题

下面是本学期我们学过的作家、理论以及作品（结合笔记以及结合相关资料整理的，不是老师说的标准答案哦，大家参考即可）

理论---本学期三大主要理论

①Puritanism

Puritanism , appeared in the early part of the 17th century, is the practices and beliefs of Puritans. The American puritanism, like their English brothers , are idealists. They accept the doctrine and practice of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. But due to te grim struggle for living in the new continent, they become more and more practical. It is so much part of the national atmosphere rather than a set of tenets

Its influence on literature

American literature had the characteristics of simplicity, plainness of rhetoric and indication to the Holy Bile

代表作家Anne Bradstreet, Edward Taylor, Nathaniel Hawthorne(课本所选的代表作品)

②transcendentalism

American transcendentalism is more than an attitude of Transcendentalist. To “transcend”something is to rise above it, to pass beyond its limits. The transcendentalists speak for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society. The major features of the American Transcendentalism are:

A.They place emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the Universe

B.They stress the importance of individuals

C.They offer a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of Spirit or God

该理论出现的大致时间1836-the civil war

代表作家--Ralph Waldo Emerson

代表作品the American Scholar

③naturalism

American naturalism accepted the more negative interpretation of Darwin’s evolution theory and used it to account for the behavior of those characters in literary works who were regarded as more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes, their habits were conditioned by social and economic forces. It emphasized that the world was amoral, the men and women had no free will. That lives were controlled by heredity and environment, that the destiny of human was misery in life and oblivion in death. It was no more than a gloomy philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence.

Time: the mid-19th century---the first half of the 20th century

Naturalism in literature: the product of despair. It had no attempt to make moral judgment. It offered detailed and fully researched investigations into unexplored corners of modern society.

代表任人物及作品

Stephen Crane the Open Boat

作者（三个比较重要的）

①Nathaniel Hawthorne

浪漫主义时期（特别记住）作家

He is a master of symbolism

He has an unceasing interest in the “interior of the heart” of man’s being

His understanding of “evil being at the core of human life” is deeply reflected in his works Young Goodman Brown 是他的代表作，该作品体现的主题

PURITANISM

A.man’s depravity

B.The original sin: a journey from innocence to evil

C.Predestination

D.A struggle between to forces

②Ralph Waldo Emerson

浪漫主义时期作家

He is a leading person of New England Transcendentalism which he regarded as an intuitive cognizance of moral and other truths that transcend the limits of human sense experience

代表作：The American Scholar

主题：Transcendentalism

大致内容：we American should stop imitating other counties in literature and we ought to create a way of our own.

③Stephen Crane

19世纪后半期---20世纪初，自然主义时期作家。

His works were characteristic of pessimism and determinism which he emphasized that the world was amoral, the men and women had no free will. That lives were controlled by heredity and environment, that the destiny of human was misery in life and oblivion in death.

代表作the Open Boat

体现的主题（十分重要，一定要记住）

A.Man’s helplessness in the face of overwhelming and inscrutable forces

B.Man’s unimportance in an indifferent universe

作品（作品的大致内容，便于大家熟悉文本，答题时还需要大家自己按照上面写的答题要求总结哈）

①Young goodman brown

The story takes place in 17th century Puritan New England, a common setting for Hawthorne's works, and addresses the Calvinist/Puritan belief that all of humanity exists in a state of depravity,