山东地区白纹伊蚊种群生态特点的比较研究

=论著>中图分类号:R384.1文献标识码:A文章编号:1671-2781(2006)03-0216-03

山东地区白纹伊蚊种群生态特点的比较研究*

景晓1,李兆凰2,霍新北1,张世水1,宫学诗1

(1山东省疾病预防控制中心,山东济南250014;2.济南市历下区卫生监督所,山东济南250014)

=摘要> 目的观察和比较分析山东地区不同生境中白纹伊蚊种群生态习性的特点,以便发现共同点。

方法观察白纹伊蚊种群产卵习性,调查不同生境的幼虫孳生地,通过人帐诱捕法、人体诱捕法、网捕法、人

工小时法等方法观察成蚊习性,对卵越冬情况进行调查,并记录环境气象因素。结果白纹伊蚊种群偏喜在

低光照度,暗色背景,较小容器的水面上产卵,喜欢在5L以下的积雨水中孳生,白纹伊蚊种群的活动全年计有

7个月,呈单峰式,4月上旬开始捕获成蚊,高峰出现在6月下旬~9月上旬,11月中旬成蚊消失,叮刺活动主

要集中在白昼,有2个活动高峰,是兼吸人、畜、禽血的野栖性蚊种,活动范围一般在50~100m左右,最大的

飞翔距离约在400m,越冬场所为孳生地附近的树洞、竹筒、石穴、缸、罐中,各种环境因素相互制约,共同对白

纹伊蚊种群产生作用。结论白纹伊蚊种群的生态习性各地有所不同,但仍以共性为主。

=关键词> 白纹伊蚊;种群;生态习性;环境因素

Analysis and st udy on t he population biono m ics

of t he Aedes albopict us i n Shandong

JING X i ao1,LI Zhao-huan g2,H UO X in-bei1,Z H AN G Shi-shu i1,GON G Xue-shi1

(1.C enter for D isease C ontrol and Prevention of Shandong,J inan250014,China;

2.L i x ia D istrictH ealt h an d A nti-ep i de m ic S t ation of J inan C it y,J inan250014,Ch i na)

=Ab stract> O b jective T o analysis and study on t he popu l a ti on b i ono m i cs of A e des a lbop ictus at d ifferent habita ts

i n Shandong,and to fi nd t he co mmon ground.M ethod s O bserv i ng t he ov i positi ng hab its and over-w i n ter cond-i

tion,i nvesti ga ting the larva l habita t of the A e des albop ictus.Apply i ng t hese w ay s of t he m osqu ito ne t trap and catchi ng

the adults w ith a net,and reco rd i ng the env iron m enta l factors.R esu lts The A edes albop ictus produced egg s at t he

s m all rai nw ater vesse ls of a dull co l o r and t he larva l habitat w as lo w er5L vesse l s.T he acti ve period w as for7

m onths,it w as from ea rl y A pril to m i d-November.T he re was one peak per i od i n an ann i ve rsary,itw as from late June

to ear l y Septe mber.T he biti ng acti v e o f the A edes albop ictus m ai n l y w as at day ti m e,there w ere t wo peak period a t a

biti ng cycle,the for m er was higher than t he latter.It bloodsucked hu m an and dom estic ani m a.l Its active scope w as

from50m to100m,its over-w i nter hab itat w ere tree ho les and ba m boo grove.T he env iron m enta l factors infl uenced

the population b i ono m ics o f the A edes albop ict u s.Con clusion A edes albop ict us w as an out door m osqu ito,t he popu-

l a tion b i onom i cs w as d ifferen t at vary hab i ta ts,but t he co mmon ground was m a j or.

=K ey words>A edes albop ictus;popu l ation;b i ono m ics;env ironment factor

白纹伊蚊在我省早有记载[1],过去只因数量较少,活动范围较小,对人们的危害也小,没能引起人们足够的重视,并非是像流传的那样属于从国外新侵入的蚊种。近年来,随着环境条件的改变,交通运输业的发展,白纹伊蚊在山东地区的数量逐渐增多,已成为部分地区的优势种类,严重威胁着人们的日常生活和身体健康,鉴于它在流行病学上的重要意义,为进一步防制提供科学依据,为此在全省开展了白纹伊蚊生态习性的调查研究。1材料与方法

111产卵习性的观察分别采用竹筒、罐头瓶,涂上不同颜色,放置于不同的地方或悬挂在不同的高度,进行诱卵观察,同时随机选择树洞、碑座、石穴、香炉、罐(坑)等内的土壤,用铝勺采集孳生物,带回实验室处理孵化,待幼虫发育至成虫后鉴定种类并计数。

112孳生地调查用铝勺或吸管从树洞、墓穴、碑

*=作者简介> 景晓(1963-),男,山东济南市人,硕士,副主任医师,主要从事病媒生物防制研究工作。