2012年3月中级口译真题：翻译部分汇总(含答案)

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2012年3月高级口译上半场阅读及答案

本帖最后由细草微风于 2012-3-19 14:53 编辑高口上半场阅读第一篇：本文内容为2012春季高口阅读上半场MC第一篇，原文出自businessweek，原文标题为MIT Professor Gives Language Lessons to Computers。

MIT Professor Gives Language Lessons to ComputersThere‘s a scene in the 2008 movie Iron Man where Tony Stark, the film‘s inventor-superhero, threatens to donate one of his robots to a city college. You can tell by its cowed response that the computerized assistant understands th e connotation is decidedly negative. In real life, software can‘t yet comprehend that kind of abstract scolding. Programmers refer to such banter as ―natural language,‖ and it‘s tricky for computers to get because of its ambiguity and dependence on context.Regina Barzilay, an associate professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is trying to make computers better listeners by making themplay Civilization, a 20-year-old strategy game in which players build a cityinto an empire by vanquishing and absorbing neighboring cultures. A member of MIT‘s Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Lab, Barzilay, 40, developed a software program that begins with no grasp of the game. The computer ―reads‖ the manual and then keeps returning to it while play ing. As it races through thousands of simulations, the computer learns to connect words in the directions (―attack,‖ ―build,‖ ―capture,‖ and ―revolt‖) as the game unfolds.The computer gets positive reinforcement—a higher score and a win—when it makes correct guesses about the meaning of words. When the computer loses, it traces back through its reading of the manual to see where its interpretation went wrong. A similar program without access to the manual won the game 46 percent of the time; after reading the instructions,Barzilay‘s computer won 79 percent of the time.Barzilay grew interested in natural-language processing in the early 1990s, as an undergraduate at Ben-Gurion University in Beersheba, Israel. She was inspired in part by her own experience as a young emigrant from Moldavia who had to learn Hebrew and English. Just as she struggled at first tounderstand the use of articles such as ―the,‖ which have no equivalent in her native Russian, logic-based computers have difficulties with the inconsistencies of natural language.Research like Barzilay‘s may help computers eventually interact with humans in a more normal way. ―You‘d like to be able to ask for the largest state bordering New York and have it come back with the answer, ‗Pennsylvania,‘‖ says Dan Roth, a computer science professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign who does work similar to Barzilay‘s. ―And what happens inside the computer is none of your business.‖ Barzilay has been pushing this line of work forward, he says, in part by using a more interesting and complex game. She has a grant from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency to help robots understand natural language, not unlike those in Iron Man. As she puts it: ―I want to see the computer benefit directly from human knowledge, without having a person in the middle who does a translation.‖本文出自美国商业类主流杂志《商业周刊》。

2012.3.18中级口译真题+答案

2012.3.18中级口译真题+答案Spot Dictation 原文+评析Music affects us as profoundly as anything we experience. Very many people say that music is a big part of their everyday life. We can hear evidence of this in the blurring car radio and see the jogger with his personal stereo. That is the new portability of music. That brings it everywhere people live, play and work.There are different kinds of music , for all tastes –classical, pop, rock, rap, jazz, folk –each culture has its own style. Different parts of the body resonate to different sounds and pitches, and most significantly, certain kinds of music resound powerfully in the human spirit.We can listen to music anywhere and everywhere.Listening to music can change your mood –sometimes dramatically. Some times, if you’re feeling low, it’s tempting to play slow sad music, but this would make you feel worse. And lifting tune or cheerful song can instantly improve your energy levels and your emotional well being.Music in film and television shows us how music can affect mood. A romantic drama would have a very different film score to a thriller. The old ―silent‖ films originally had a pianist in the cinema playing along, trying to strike the right mood. At times, when watching a film or TV programme, you k now what’s about to happen because of the music being played –you can anticipate the terror, such as in ―Jaws‖. There’re many times when I’ve turn down the sound during a TV programme and use subtitles because the music unsettles means so much.Playing Mozart when studying is said to increase our IQ. A recent study has showed that children who learn a musical instrument are much quicker at developing spatial awareness and problem solving skills.Relaxation music has a slow rhythm. Sounds are often synthesised and there may be added natural sounds, such as whalesong, birdsong, waves or gentle rain to help produce a feeling of calm and relaxation.点评：这是一篇关于各种音乐与人之间的关系的文章。

2012年3月上海高级口译英译汉真题

2012年3月上海高级口译英译汉真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、英译汉(总题数：1，分数：100.00)1. August was once a time for dreaming, wandering the empty streets of this city, reading silly-season newspaper stories after a leisurely lunch, gazing at square where fountains plashed and the pregnant or the old chatted on benches at dusk. Then something happened. The world speeded up. Stress levels soared. Idle moments evaporated. Egos expanded. Money outpaced politics. Rages surged. August aborted this year. It morphed into the serious season. The beach lost out to the barricades. A time of outrage is upon us. Now a feeling has grown in Western societies that uncontrollable forces are at work shrinking possibility. History has never seen a global power shift as radical as the current one that managed to be peaceful. Growth, jobs, expansion, excitement-and, yes, possibility-lie in the great non-Western arc from China through India to South Africa and Brazil. The world has been turned upside down. What we are witnessing is how shaken Western societies are by such inversion. As new powers emerge, globalization has altered the relationship between capital and labor in the former's favor. Returns on capital have proved higher relative to wages. The gap between rich and poor has become a gulf. The only people who walked away unscathed from the great financial binge were its main architects and greatest beneficiaries: such as bankers and financiers. This, too, is fueling a time of outrage that has left western politicians chasing shadows.（分数：100.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：( 八月曾是一段梦想的时光，任你倘佯在这座城市空空荡荡的街道上，悠闲自得地享用午餐后，读读无聊季节无重大新闻的报纸，黄昏时分，凝神看着广场上喷泉飞溅，孕妇、老人在长凳上闲聊家常。

历年中级口译翻译汇总+评析(11年3月到14年3月)

1403原文：国际金融危机爆发以来，国际组织和各国政府、企业界和专家学者都在深刻反思，探究危机产生的原因，寻求世界经济和各国经济未来发展之路。

对中国经济发展的成就，有喝彩的，也有怀疑的；对中国经济的未来，有看好的，也有唱衰的。

对此，我们的头脑是清醒的，胸中是有数的，信心是坚定的。

我们坚持用改革的办法破解发展难题，不断完善社会主义市场经济体制。

我们全面推进社会事业发展，覆盖城乡的社会保障体系初步形成，使“学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居”的理想逐步变成现实。

参考译文：Since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, profound reflection has multiplied among international organizations, governments, business communities and the academia as a method for exploring causes of the crisis and ways for global and national economy. China's economic achievement has arisen both cheers and boos, so does its future prospect. However, in this regard, we are clear in mind with thoughtful plans and firm confidence.We will adhere to the reforms in addressing problems relating to the development and continuously perfect the economic system in the socialist market. We will propel the thrive of social undertakings and preliminarily form the social security system covering urban and rural areas so as to gradually achieve the aim that students have access to education, employees to pay, patients to medical treatments, elders to good care and residents to housing.【评析】文本节选自第五届夏季达沃斯论坛中温家宝出席开幕式时的演讲。

[中级口译] 2012年3月中级口译阅读理解原文及答案及解析范文

阅读理解第四篇：However attractive the figures may look on paper, in the long run the success or failure of a merger depends on the human factor. When the agreement has been signed and the accountants have departed, the real problems may only just be beginning. If there is a culture clash between the two companies in the way their people work, then all the efforts of the financiers and lawyers to strike a deal may have been in vain.According to Chris Bolton of KS Management Consultants, 70% of mergers fail to live up to their promise of shareholder value, riot through any failure in economic terms but because the integration of people is unsuccessful. Corporates, he explains, concentrate their efforts before a merger on legal, technical and financial matters. They employ a range of experts to obtain the most favourable contract possible. But even at these early stages, people issues must be taken into consideration. The strengths and weaknesses of both organisations should be assessed and, if it is a merger of equals, then careful thought should be given to which personnel, from which side, should take on the key roles.This was the issue in 2001 when the proposed merger between two pharmaceutical companies promised to create one of the largest players in the industry. For both companies the merger was intended to reverse falling market share and shareholder value. However, although the companies' skill bases were compatible, the chief executives of the two companies could not agree which of them was to head up the new organisation. This illustrates the need to compromise if a merger is to take place.But even in mergers that do go ahead, there can be culture clashes. One way to avoid this is to work with focus groups to see how employees view the existing culture of their organisation. In one example, where two global organisations in the food sector were planning to merge, focus groups discovered that the companies displayed very different profiles. One was sales-focused, knew exactly what it wanted to achieve and pushed initiatives through. The other got involved in lengthy discussions, trying out options methodically and making contingency plans. The first responded quickly to changes in the marketplace;the second took longer, but the option it eventually chose was usually the correct one. Neither company's approach would have worked for the other.The answer is not to adopt one company's approach, or even to try to incorporate every aspect of both organisations, but to create a totally new culture. This means taking the best from both sides and making a new organisation that everyone can accept. Or almost everyone. Inevitably there will be those who cannot adapt to a different culture. Research into the impact of mergers has found that companies with differing management styles are the ones that need to work hardest at creating a new culture.Another tool that can help to get the right cultural mix is intercultural analysis. This involves carrying out research that looks at the culture of a company and the business culture of the country in which it is based. It identifies how people, money and time are managed in a company, and investigates the business customs of the country and how its politics, economics and history impact on the way business is done.1. According to the text, mergers can encounter problems whenA contracts are signed too quickly.B experts cannot predict accurate figures.C conflicting attitudes cannot be resolved.D staff are opposed to the terms of the deal.2. According to Chris Bolton, what do many organisations do in preparation fora merger?A ensure their interests are representedB give reassurances to shareholdersC consider the effect of a merger on employeesD analyse the varying strengths of their staff3. The proposed merger of two pharmaceutical groups failed becauseA major shareholders were opposed.B there was a fall in the demand for their products.C there were problems combining their areas of expertise.D an issue of personal rivalry could not be resolved.4. According to the text, focus groups can help companies toA develop new initiatives.B adopt contingency plans.C be decisive and react rapidly.D evaluate how well matched they are.5.Creating a new culture in a newly merged organisation means thatA management styles become more flexible.B there is more chance of the merger working.C staff will find it more difficult to adapt to the changes.D successful elements of the original organisations are lost.6. According to the text, intercultural analysis will showA what kind of benefits a merger can lead to.B how the national context affects the way a company is run.C how long it will take for a company culture to develop.D what changes companies should make before a merger takes place.参考答案及解析：《Achieving a successful merger》，实现一个成功的并购。

2012年3月高级口译汉译英答案＋解析

2012年3月高级口译汉译英答案＋解析
佚名
【期刊名称】《海外英语（中）》
【年(卷),期】2012(000)005
【摘要】【原文】传统的中国画，不模仿自然，是以表现自然，是以表现心灵抒发性情为主体的意象主义艺术，画中意象与书法中的文字一样，是一种适于书写的极度概括抽象的象征符号，伴随着意象符号的是传统的程式表现技巧。

古代的大师们创造着独自心中的意象及其程式，风格迥异，生机勃勃。

【总页数】2页(P58-59)
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H315.9
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2012年3月中级口译汉译英

2012年3月中级口译汉译英吸烟之危害，可谓大矣，其严重性是不能低估的。

吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌发病率大大增加。

为了使各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟导致的疾病和死亡，世界卫生组织已将每年的5月31日定为“世界无烟日”。

瘾君子们说，一天不吃饭可以，一个时辰不抽烟就难熬了。

烟瘾难戒，但并非不能戒。

只要真正意识到吸烟有百害而无一利，于人于己都是一种祸害，就有可能下决心摆脱烟草的诱惑。

戒烟贵在坚持，坚持下去就是收获。

1、吸烟之危害，可谓大矣，其严重性是不能低估的。

The harm of smoking is tremendous and cannot estimate its danger.“可谓大矣”是汉语的说法，意思也就是“危害很大”，略做改动。

2、吸烟污染空气，损害健康，使肺癌发病率大大增加。

Smoking pollutes the air and damages the health, which greatly increases the incidence of lung cancer.本来想用air pollution来做的，后来觉得这个词太大了，所以还是用的动词形式。

3、为了使各国人民关注烟草的盛行及预防吸烟导致的疾病和死亡，世界卫生组织已将每年的5月31日定为“世界无烟日”。

In order to draw global attention to the prevalence of tobacco and the prevention of disease and death it course, the WHO (World Health Organization) has named May 31of each year as the World No-smoking Day.文中“各国人民”意思也就是世界人民，我用global代替了一下。

世界卫生组织简称WHO,当时考试时全称给忘了，就写的简写。

3月4日英语中级口译笔译答案及解析

3月四日英语中级口译笔译答案及解析Spot dictation1. round flat cakes2. German immigrants3. their name4. claim5. clear answer6. great hit7. fast, practical and cheap 8. in the 1920 s 9. five cents each 10. drive-in restaurant 11. popular menu items 12. conquer13. hot-dog stand 14. sprang up15. sold twelve hamburgers 16. US culture 17. sixty percent 18. seven percent19. according to the times 20. a fish burger statements1-5 ACBDB6-10 ACBBBTalks and conversations:11-15. BADCD 16-20. ACCAB21-25. DBBDD 26-30. ABACDStudy skill1-5. DBCBC 6-10. BCBCD11-15. ABACC 16-20. CDDAD21-25. CCCDA 26-30 BADBB.Spot dictationYou might think that hamburgers were invented in the United States, but that is not totally true. These round flatcakes (1)，or patties actually came from Germany in the middle of the 19th century. They were brought to theUnited States by German immigrants (2) who came from the city of Hamburg. That is why their name (3) wasHamburger Stake.However, people in other places claim (4) that they invented the hamburger. Perhaps we'll never have a clearanswer.(5) But there is no question that the hamburger was a great hit.(6) Why? Perhaps because at that time,industry was growing, and the kind of fast, practical and cheap (7) food was needed for workers.The hamburger became even more popular in the 1920 s (8) when the first chain of fast food restaurants wasstarted. This chain was called White Castle. It served tiny hamburgers that were sold for only 5 cents each. (9)Then, in the 1940 s there came the drive-in restaurant (10) where customers were served in their cars by waitersin uniform. And the hamburger was one of the most popular manual items. (11)By now, the hamburger was ready to conquer (12) the world. And this happened with McDonalds, which wasactually a hotdog stand (13) at first. But by the early 1950 s the hotdog was replaced by the hamburger.McDonalds and other fast food restaurants spring up (14) around the world throughout the west of the 20thcentury. McDonalds alone has sold 12 hamburgers (15) for every person in the world.The importance of the hamburger to US culture (16) remains significant. About 60% (17) of all sandwiches thatare eaten are hamburgers. According to some sources, 7% (18) of current workers in the Untied States had theirfirst job at McDonalds. But the face of the hamburger is changing according to the times. (19) Nowadays it ispossible to buy a chicken burger, a turkey burger, a fish burger,(20) or a veggie burger.Listening translationSentence Translation1. Please hold my telephone calls and just take a message. I can call back later.I must have a little peace andquiet to concentrate on these figures.请别挂断我的电话，先留个言，我会回电。

2012年3月中级口译听力Talks and Conversations 原文+评析

Talks and Conversations 1M: May I help you?W: Yes, I want to buy some shoes to replace the ones I am wearing.M: What’s wrong with them?W: They are too old and shabby.M: I can see they have simply been worn out. Would you like the same color? More or less?W: Yes, and something a little less casual.M: How about this light brown pair? They are similar to what you have, but a little bit dressier.W: Yes. I was thinking of something along that line. I will try them on.M: They certainly look charming.W: The trouble is, they feel uncomfortable.M: Then try on this other pair in the similar style, but by a different manufacturer.W: These are much better, do you have the main red?M: Yes, would you like both pairs?W: Yes, if they won’t cost too much.M: Oh, no. They won’t. The second pair is half price. Shall I put them both in a box for you?W: Just the red and the old ones. I wear the new brown pair home.Questions:11. What did the woman’s shoes look like?12. What was wrong with the first pair of shoes the woman tried on?13. How many pairs of shoes did the woman buy?14. Which shoes did the woman wear home?点评：这段对话是女士买鞋子的场景。

中级口译真题(翻译部分)

中级口译真题（翻译部分）中级口译实考试题汇编（翻译部分）贷款问题十六2004．09 美国人口问题上海某公司简介十七2005．03 美国人对总统的期望值香港的文化氛围十八2005．09 美国劳动力市场竞争残酷中国与亚欧各国的合作互助十九2006．03 肥胖问题上海繁荣发展二十2006．09 物质文化和非物质文化的定义胡锦涛主席在耶鲁大学的演讲－夸耶鲁大学二一2007.03 古董文物价格世博会二二2007.09 美国贫富心态中国和平发展不怕苦，吃苦半辈子，怕吃苦，吃苦一辈子！0409 翻译部分As individuals and as a nation, we're defined by the choices we make. And too often, by the tough decisions we avoid. Most of us have avoided even thinking about how our rapidly growingpopulation is affecting our quality of life and shaping our society.Our population has more than doubled since World War II, and at this rate, we could be on our way to 1 billion people living in the United States by the end of the century. Our population growth, driven in part by unchecked immigration, is already straining our healthcare and educational systems and, less noticeably —but far more important —putting a heavy burden on our natural resources.All these pressures on our resources will only worsen unless our leaders begin a national dialogue on the future of this country and start making the tough choices. Politicians are avoiding debate on these issues because they are the most difficult ones to confront. In campaign debating, these are wedge issues. But failure to come to terms with them will drive a wedge between all of us and a prosperous, healthy future for this country.我们作为个人和一个国家（民族），其特性表现为我们所做的选择，而且还常常表现为我们不想/避免做出的艰难决定（来确定的）。

3月翻译资格中级英语口译实务试卷及答案

3月翻译资格中级英语口译实务试卷及答案英译中Back in 1972 $1 million was still an eye-popping amount of cash. But to Robert Hecht, an enterprising American antiquities dealer living in Paris, it was not too much to charge the Metropolitan Museum of Art for an exquisite Greek vase created 500 years before the birth of Christ and painted by one of the acknowledged masters of the craft. Since the acquisition of the Greek vase, the prices of antiquities have shot skyward.The problem with the burgeoning traffic in antiquities, however, is not so much the price but something far more significant: the provenance, i.e. where are these precious artifacts coming from? And who are their rightful owners? Evidence is increasing that more and more artifacts are being illegally unearthed from their countries of origin. A recent British study of five large collections totaling 546 objects, for instance, determined that 82 percent of the objects were suspect. From Italy to Greece to Turkey, countries have long complained about the trade in smuggled artifacts and have been largely unable to stop it.中译英中国赢得 2010 年世界博览会的举办权，靠的是国际社会对中国改革开放的支持和信心。

历年英语翻译中级口译考试试题及答案（完整版）

Spot Dictation In America there are no nobles or men of letters, and the common folk mistrust the wealthy; Consequently lawyers form the highest political class and the most cultivated circle of society. They have therefore nothing to gain by innovation, which adds a conservative interest to their natural taste for public order. If I were asked where I place the American aristocracy, I should reply without hesitation that it is not composed of the rich, who are united together by no common tie, but that it occupies the judicial bench and the bar. When I started researching this topic, I found an interesting website “Legal Reform Now”. As the name suggests, this website is devoted to legal reform and it is definitely concerned about the dominance of lawyers in American government. There I read an article by a political science professor from the university of Wisconsin. One observation the UW article confirms is that the legal profession is the dominant profession of the people re-elect to public office. For example, about half our representatives and two-thirds of our senators are lawyers. No other profession comes close to having the same the number of people in political office. Effectively, lawyers form our nation’s most powerful organized political constituency in America. Lawyers make our laws and lawyers interpret our laws. When judges are appointed, the American bar association is the only professional organization that is consulted to rate the fitness of potential judicial appointees. Our nation has been in existence for over 200 years and lawyers have been this nation’s aristocracy since its formation. Our system works, but do we really want to have a single profession in charge of our nation? Specifically, do we want to have the legal profession in charge? Next time you vote, that’s something to think about. 评析：这篇⽂章是关于律师在美国的地位。

3月翻译资格中级英语口译实务试卷及答案

3月翻译资格中级英语口译实务试卷及答案英译中Imagine you have two candidates for a job. There CVs are equally good , and they both handsome. Are you swayed by their appearance?If you were swayed by someone's looks, would that be wrong? In the past, people often equated beauty with virtue and ugliness with vice.Even now, the expression "as ugly as sin" has not quite passed from the language. There is, of course, the equally famous expression "beauty is in the eye of the beholder", to counter it. Most beholders agree what is beautiful——and modern biology suggests there is a good rule of thumb for assessing someone of either sex. Not an infallible one. And certainly no substitute for an in-depth investigation. But, nevertheless, an instinctive one, and one that is bound to contribute to the advantage of the physically well endowed.中译英我国首次月球探测工程的成功，实现了中华民族的千年奔月梦想，并开始了中国人走向深空探索宇宙奥秘的时代，标志着我国已经进入世界具有探测能力的国家行列。

2012年3月高级口译考试真题+答案+解析

2012年3月高级口译考试真题+答案+解析Spot Dictation：Psychologists have many theories to explain how we remember information. The most influential theory is that memory works as a kind of storage system for information. There are three types of these storage systems with different functions that hold information for different amounts of time. They are sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory. Sensory memory holds information for the shortest amount of time, less than for seconds and instant. Sensory memory is where stimuli or things that stimulate our senses are very briefly stored. We forget sensory memories almost instantly, unless they passed into another storage system. Examples of the stimuli are what we see and hear in the world, such as a flash of lightning or the sound of a door closing. Short-term memory also called working memory, holds information for about 15 to 20 seconds. This is not a very long time. But the information that passes into this system has more meaning for us than just sensory stimulation. Some experts believe that sensory information changes into visual images as it is stored. And others believe that information changes into words. There is not much room for information in short-term memory. And it did not stay there for very long. Examples of this types of information are telephone numbers, addresses and names. Long-term memory holds information almost indefinitely, although retrieving it can sometimes be difficult. Think of long-term memory as a very big library, with almost unlimited capacities for storage. Information gets filed, cataloged and stored. Long-term memory has several different components or categories. The main two categories are declarative memory and procedure memory. Declarative memory is where we store factual information, such as names, faces, dates, life events. Procedure memory is where we store memory of skills and habits , like how to ride a bike, or how to boil an egg. Within the declarative memory, there are smaller categories of memory, episodic memory and semantic memory. Episodic memory relates to our personal lives. Things we have done or experienced, such as having a car accident or graduating from school. Semantic memory is where we organize general knowledge or facts about the world, such as math formulas, spelling rules and capital cities.点评：这是一篇关于人类记忆分类的文章。

2012年3月上海高级口译汉译英真题

2012年3月上海高级口译汉译英真题一、Chinese-English Translation（本大题1小题．每题50.0分，共50.0分。

Translate the following passage（s） into English . ）第1题传统的中国画，不模仿自然，是以表现自然，是以表现心灵舒发性情为主体的意象主义艺术，画中意象与书法中的文字一样，是一种适于书写的极度概括抽象的象征符号，伴随着意象符号的是传统的程式表现技巧。

古代的大师们创造着独自心中的意象及其程式，风格迥异，生机勃勃。

后来，多数人惯于对古人程式的模仿，所作之画千人一面。

这样的画作一泛滥，雅的不再雅，俗的则更俗。

近代中国画仍然在庸俗没落的模式漩涡中进退两难，阿文与当今的有识同行一样，有志标新立异，寻找自我，建立起现代的属于自己的新意象、新格局，且一直背靠着高雅的传统。

【正确答案】：答案:Traditional Chinese painting did not imitate nature; its artistic form of imagery mainly served the purpose of expressing human spirit and disposition. The imagism in the paintings, highly abstract symbols accompanied by images, could be achieved through the conventional artistic formalities, not unlike those found in Chinese calligraphy. Ancient masters created their own internal images and their styles that were all markedly diverse and lively.Later on, these artistic patterns were imitated and copied to the point where most paintings were nothing but look-alikes. The result of such abuse was that what had meant to be elegant were no longer elegant; what had been considered vulgar were made even more vulgar. Modern Chinese painting is still caught in a downward spiral, a dilemma at best. A Wen and some of his fellow artists are bent on breaking the mold. They want to find their individual identities; they want to be different; they want to create new imageries and new styles that they can proudly call their own and in keeping with the modern times. Meanwhile, they continue to be inspired by the elegance of the past.跟多试卷请访问《做题室》。

2012年3月高级口译考试真题+答案+解析

2012年3月高级口译考试真题+答案+解析Spot Dictation ：Psychologists Psychologists have have have many many many theories theories theories to to to explain explain explain how how how we we we remember remember remember information. information. information. The The The most most most influential influential theory theory is is is that that memory memory works works works as as as a a a kind kind kind of of of storage storage storage system system system for for for information. information. information. There There There are are are three three three types types types of of of these these these storage storage storage systems systems systems with with different functions that hold information for different amounts of time. They are sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory. Sensory memory holds information for the shortest amount of time, less than for seconds and instant. instant. Sensory Sensory Sensory memory memory memory is is is where where where stimuli stimuli stimuli or or or things things things that that that stimulate stimulate stimulate our our our senses senses senses are are are very very very briefly briefly briefly stored. stored. stored. W e W e forget forget sensory memories almost instantly, unless they passed into another storage system. Examples of the stimuli are what we see and hear in the world, such as a flash of lightning or the sound of a door closing. Short-term memory als called called working working working memory, memory, memory, holds holds holds information information information for for for about about about 15 15 15 to to to 20 20 20 seconds. seconds. seconds. This This This is is is not not not a a a very very very long long long time. time. time. But But But the the information that passes into this system has more meaning for us than just sensory stimulation. Some experts believe that sensory information changes into visual images as it is stored. And others believe that information changes into words. words. There There There is is is not not not much much much room room room for for for information information information in in in short-term short-term short-term memory. memory. memory. And And And it it it did did did not not not stay stay stay there there there for for for very very very long. long. Examples Examples of of of this this this types types types of of of information information information are are are telephone telephone telephone numbers, numbers, numbers, addresses addresses addresses and and and names. names. names. Long-term Long-term Long-term memory memory memory holds holds information almost indefinitely, although retrieving it can sometimes be difficult. Think of long-term memory as a very big library, with almost unlimited capacities for storage. Information gets filed, cataloged and stored. Long-term memory memory has has has several several several different different different components components components or or or categories. categories. categories. The The The main main main two two two categories categories categories are are are declarative declarative declarative memory memory memory and and procedure procedure memory. memory. memory. Declarative Declarative Declarative memory memory memory is is is where where where we we we store store store factual factual factual information, information, information, such such such as as as names, names, names, faces, faces, faces, dates, dates, dates, life life events. Procedure memory is where we store memory of skills and habits , like how to ride a bike, or how to boil a egg. Within the declarative memory, there are smaller categories of memory, episodic memory and semantic memory. Episodic memory relates to our personal lives. Things we have done or experienced, such as having a car accident or graduating from school. Semantic memory is where we organize general knowledge or facts about the world, such as math formulas, spelling rules and capital cities. 点评：这是一篇关于人类记忆分类的文章。

2012年3月上海中级口译真题及答案

2012年3月上海中级口译真题及答案Music affects us as profoundly as anything we experience. Very many people say that music is a big part of their everyday life. We can hear evidence of this in the blurring car radio and see the jogger with his personal stereo. That is the new portability of music. That brings it everywhere people live, play and work.There are different kinds of music , for all tastes –classical, pop, rock, rap, jazz, folk –each culture has its own style. Different parts of the body resonate to different sounds and pitches, and most significantly, certain kinds of music resound powerfully in the human spirit.We can listen to music anywhere and everywhere.Listening to music can change your mood –sometimes dramatically. Sometimes, if you’re feeling low, it’s tempting to play slow sad music, but this would make you feel worse. And lifting tune or cheerful song can instantly improve your energy levels and your emotional well being.Music in film and television shows us how music can affect mood. A romantic drama would have a very different film score to a thriller. The old “silent”films originally had a pianist in the cinema playing along, trying to strike the right mood. At times, when watching a film or TV programme, you know what’s abou t to happen because of the music being played –you can anticipate the terror, such as in ―Jaws‖. There’re many times when I’ve turn down the sound during a TV programme and use subtitles because the music unsettles means so much.Playing Mozart when studying is said to increase our IQ. A recent study has showed that children who learn a musical instrument are much quicker at developing spatial awareness and problem solving skills.Relaxation music has a slow rhythm. Sounds are often synthesised and there may be added natural sounds, such as whalesong, birdsong, waves or gentle rain to help produce a feeling of calm and relaxation.点评：这是一篇关于各种音乐与人之间的关系的文章。

2012年3月高级口译下半场阅读及答案

高口下半场阅读第一篇：Do not resuscitate: final word is with medical staff, whatever patient feels/societyThe case of Janet Tracey who died in Addenbrooke's hospital after family claims that a "do not resuscitate" order was put in her medical notes will, no doubt, encourage health managers to check how well staff and patients are acquainted with the use of such orders.They have been given official notice to do so before. In 2000, the Department of Health in England reminded local trusts they must have appropriate policies. This followed warnings from doctors that junior staff lacked proper guidance and training and from the charity Age Concern that older people were being written off.These warnings came after Jill Baker, 67, from Southampton, who had stomach cancer and was being treated for septicaemia, discovered after leaving hospital that a "do not resuscitate" order had been written in her notes by a junior doctor. Neither she nor her husband had been consulted. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) attempts to restore breathing or blood flow to those whose heart has stopped beating or who have stopped breathing. It can include using electric shocks to try to correct the rhythm of the heart, repeatedly pushing down firmly on the patient's chest and inflating the lungs with a mask or tube inserted into the windpipe.But while TV medical dramas may suggest it is often successful, statistics tell another story.Only 15-20% who have such treatment ever go home, according to the British Medical Association (BMA), which, together with the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) and Resuscitation Council, offers professional guidance on when Do not attempt Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (DNACPR) orders – to give them their full name – should be prepared.Rib fractures and brain injury are significant risks, says the NHS's policy guidance in Scotland while its leaflet for patients, relatives and carers says: "Most patients never get back the physical or mental health they had before they were resuscitated. Some have brain damage or go into a coma."In an era when nearly seven in 10 people die in hospital – and most have "do not resuscitate" orders – there is increasing pressure for more mentally competent adult patients to help plan towards the end of their lives.Adults can legally refuse medical treatment, even if that leads to their death. But the medical profession is also clear that doctors cannot be required to give treatment against their clinical judgment, although they should offer patients the chance of a second opinion, if possible.The General Medical Council (GMC), last year said there was no absolute obligation to prolong life.In 2005, it won a case on appeal brought by Leslie Burke who had a degenerative brain condition. He had claimed a legal right to artificial nutrition and hydration, come what may, rather than give doctors the ultimate say. The GMC said the ruling meant that doctors had no legal or ethical obligation to agree to a patient's request if they consider the treatment was not in the patient's best interests.The Scottish government is blunt on the issue. Its patient information leaflet says that while the healthcare team "must listen to your opinions and to anybody you want involved … you cannot demand treatment that will not work".In England, where successive governments have trumpeted a mantra of patient choice, Andrew Lansley, the health secretary, has stopped short of a national policy.The Department of Health told the Guardian: "Our end of life care strategy commended the joint statement by the BMA, RCN and the Resuscitation Council as a basis for local policy-making."There is a substantial amount of expert guidance available to assist those making complex decisions in discussion with other members of the healthcare team, the patient and their family."Yet a number of soon-to-be abolished strategic health authorities in England want to harmonise policies across local care settings, including hospitals, hospices and residential homes.In the words of Mike Richards, the government's end-of-life czar, this "will minimise future problems with cross-boundary working by encouraging a consistent – or at least compatible – approach nationwide".A draft East Midlands document, for instance, says that there should be sensitive discussion with patients who want to insist on resuscitation in an attempt "to secure their understanding and acceptance of the DNACPR decision".It adds: "Although individuals do not have the right to demand that doctors carry out treatment against their clinical judgment, the person's wishes to receive treatment should be respected wherever possible".It will be April 2013 before the recently published regional policy in the East of England, where Addenbrooke's is based, is fully implemented in all its trusts.It says: "A patient who has capacity has no legal right to demand CPR (or any other medical treatment) if the responsible senior clinician and multi-professional healthcare team judge that it would not be medically successful in achieving medical life."It says that when a "do not resuscitate" decision has been made: "Opportunities to sensitively inform. patients and relevant others should be sought unless it is judged that the burden of such a discussion would outweigh the possible benefit for the patient."It also says that "where death is unavoidable, [a patient] should be allowedto die a natural death and it may not be appropriate in these circumstances to discuss a DNACPR decision".NHS Scotland made quite clear why it had adopted a national policy last year. "The increased movement of patients and staff between different care settings makes a consistent approach to this complex and crucial area a necessity," it said.In addition, there was uncertainty about the process of making decisions that CPR should not be attempted. Local variations could cause misunderstandings and lead to distressing incidents for patients, families and staff.Vivienne Nathanson, director of professional activities at the BMA and a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, said it would be helpful for there to be a national policy in England, "because it means patients, families and healthcare teams know what the rules are".She said: "Clinicians do not want to do things that are futile. They know when [CPR] can't make a difference. All it may do is reinstitute sensation. You don't want to do something that gets a little way but will not succeed."For a lot of doctors, this is instituting a lack of dignity, doing something because you can rather than because it will make a difference. Ethically, you should not do anything to a patient that will not benefit them."Nathanson said decisions not to resuscitate had to be made case by case. "There is no way of saying 'the following types of patient will not be resuscitated'."Communication was vital and all hospitals should have leaflets to help discussions with relatives. "There is very good research that when you tell people bad news, they don't remember all of it."In addition, doctors needed "to help people understand that for most people the process of dying is quite a simple slipping away. It is not violent or traumatic." Fear, said Nathanson, "leads to people wanting resuscitation seeing, say, cardiac arrest as a sudden and violent event, but sometimes the heart simply stops when you get to that stage of a terminal illness."Families of mentally competent adult patients had "no right to anything in law but in practice, we always try to talk to the family ... but with the patient's permission. You won't talk to a family because you don't like what a patient said. You talk to the family where the patient can't give their views or youtalk to the family to explain to the family."本文是《卫报》（Guardian）2011年8月26日刊登的题为Do not resuscitate:final word is with medical staff, whatever patient feels文章。