V + -ing 形式用法归纳
Ving用法
V-ing的用法复习1.V-ing的否定式：V-ing的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。
如：eg. His not coming made all of us angry. （动名词的复合式做主语）2.V-ing的一般式和完成式：V-ing的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
如：Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。
3. V-ing的被动式：V-ing的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是V-ing动作的承受者。
根据V-ing 动作发生的时间，V-ing的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。
如：The question being discussed now is very important. 正在被讨论的...Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。
注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing 常用主动形式来表示被动含义。
如：Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. This book is well worth reading.4.V-ing的语法作用V-ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
1)V–ing（短语）作主语：Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。
V-ing的用法
There
is no sense in doing 做、、、没有道理 There is/was no use doing 干、、、无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比、、、更糟的 There is/was no point doing 干、、、无意义 我们不知道要去哪儿。 There was no knowing where we would go. 做这件傻事毫无意义。 There is no point doing such a silly thing.
注意：There
is no need to do sth 干、、、 没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为doing.. 没有必要告诉她。 There is no need to tell her. 注意：-ing的逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词 和名词所有格构成。 我姐姐病了，使我很担心。 My sister's being ill made we worried. 你正确未必就意味着我错了。 Your being right doesn't necessarily mean my being wrong.
appearance.
五、-ing形式作定语 1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修 饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者 的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者 的动作或状态。如： building materials = materials for building 建筑材料
注意：-ing与不定式的比较： -ing表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，不定式则 通常表示具体的动作。
我喜欢看书，但是我现在想看电影。 I like reading ，but now I like to see a film .
v-ing的用法
• do+doing 六看：see,watch,notice,observe,find,look at 两听：hear,listen to 一感觉：feel
it作形式宾语 make it useless/no use/ no good(for sb.) doing sth.(believe, consider, feel, find, think)
注：1>动词不定式短语作定语表示将来、 设想的动作或用途；2>现在分词短语作定 语表示正在进行或主动；3>过去分词短语 作定语表完成或被动。
现在分词作状语：时间，原因，条件，让 步，伴随，方式，结果，评论性状语→有 些可转化为相应的状语从句（可看作状语 从句的省略）
在用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语一般必须与 句子的主语一致, 如不一致则要加上它自己逻辑上的 主语, 这种结构称为：独 立主格 结 构。 The last bus having gone, he had to walk home. Time permitting, we are going to climb the mountain tomorrow.
（这）意味着不反对困难坚持一直不放弃
mean object to have trouble/difficulty/a problem/a struggle (in) doing sth. insist on/stick to keep give up
•to do+doing 意义差别不大：begin start intend continue like love fear dislike hate 意义差别较大： try to do sth.___________ try doing sth.___________ remember/forget to do sth. _________ remember/forget doing sth. _________ stop to do sth._______________ stop doing sth. _______________ mean to do sth.________________ mean doing sth.__________________ regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事 can’t help to do sth.不能帮着去做某事 can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事
V-ing形式(短语)用法
V-ing形式（短语）做状语
She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. Being ill, she went home. Having finished their work, they had a rest. Feeling tired, she went to bed early.
problem.
V-ing形式（短语）做宾语
He finished reading the book yesterday. I enjoy learning English. I’m looking forward to seeing you again. She suggested doing it in a different way.
V-ing形式（短语）做主语
Telling a lie got him into a great deal of trouble. Surfing is a popular sport along coastal areas. Seeing is believing. It is no use complaining—it doesn’t help solve the
V-ing形式（短语）做宾补
We heard her singsing in her room. You can see them performing every night this week
at the new theatre. We watch the children diving into the water from the
V-ing的用法
V-ing形式是英语中非谓语动词的一种，它在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语和定语。
一、V-ing形式作主语表示泛指意义的行为。
谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
如：Saving money is a good habit.二、V-ing形式作宾语1. 有些动词后常跟V-ing形式作宾语，常见的有finish，practice，enjoy，suggest，keep，mind，advise等。
如：A young man practiced speaking English with Mr. Green just now.2. 有些动词词组或某些结构后常跟V-ing形式，常见的有give up，look forward to，feel like，pay attention to，put off，succeed in，be / get used to，can‘t help，be interested in，be afraid of，be busy等。
如：He gave up smoking in the end.注意：1. 某些动词后既可跟动词不定式，也可跟V-ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同，常见的有remember to do sth. （记住去做某事），remember doing sth. （记得做过某事）；forget to do sth. （忘记去做某事），forget doing sth.（忘记做过某事）；stop to do sth. （停下来去做另一件事），stop doing sth （停止做某事）；try to do sth.（尽力做某事），try doing sth.（尝试做某事）等。
2. 还有一些动词后面既可跟动词不定式，也可跟V-ing形式作宾语，但表达的意思无多大区别，常见的有love，like，hate，prefer，begin，start，continue等。
三、V-ing形式作宾语补足语通常表示动作正在进行，能带这类结构的动词多为感官动词（如see，watch，hear等）以及某些使役动词（如keep，get 等）。
v-ing形式的基本用法
v-ing形式的基本用法（1）作主语：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
Talking is easier than doing.–ing作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置。
如：It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.（2）作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。
She likes drawing very much.；②作某些短语动词的宾语。
Mary is thinking of going back to New York.；③do 限定词（my, some, any, the等）-ing，表示“做…事”之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon.Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon?④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.；⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading.–ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将作宾语的-ing后置，如：We found it no good talking like that.Do you think it necessary trying again?（4）作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate?注：-ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是-ing 短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后，-ing作定语时，被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。
v-ing用法
V-ing形式用法种种一. 动名词作主语动名词作主语指抽象的概念，表示泛指，不涉及具体哪一次的动作，通常也不涉及特定的动作执行者。
例如：Doing is better than wishing.实践比空想好。
1. 动名词短语作主语可用于“主+系+表”结构中，有时可用it作形式主语，但作表语的词通常有所限制，常常是下列词或词组：no good, no use, interesting, waste, fun, worthwhile, useless, dangerous, foolish, better, hard, nice等。
例如：It is no good learning without practice.光学而不实践是没用的。
It is no use pretending you didn’t know.你假装糊涂是无济于事的。
注1：在疑问句中可以用any use。
例如：Is it any use discussing the question again?再讨论这个问题有用吗？注2：“It is…”结构可以转换成“There is…”结构。
例如：It is (There is) no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收。
2. 动名词作主语也可用在“主+谓+宾（状）”结构中。
例如：Burning cannot take place without oxygen.没有氧气，燃烧就不能进行。
Knowing English well will help us in our work.掌握英语将有助于我们的工作。
3. 动名词也可用在“There is + (no) +动名词”结构中，在这一结构中，不可用不定式代替动名词。
例如：There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。
4. 当谓语表示没有时间性的概念时，也可以用动名词作主语。
V-ing的用法
Ⅱ）注意：及物动词后接非谓语动词作 注意： 宾语时有以下几种情况： 宾语时有以下几种情况： 1．有些动词只能接v-ing形式作宾语， 有些动词只能接v ing形式作宾语 形式作宾语， 不能接不定式。 不能接不定式。如： mind, finish, risk, advise, consider, enjoy, imagine, escape, practise, miss, suggest, prevent, avoid, appreciate，put off, be appreciate， worth, insist on, stick to, give up, look forward to, be proud of, feel like, be good at, be sure of, think of, succeed in, have difficulty in, can’t help 等。
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2. I can hardly imagine Peter ___ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed
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3.____ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. A.The walk B. Walking C.To walk D.Walk
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3．有些动词后可跟不定式和v-ing 有些动词后可跟不定式和v 形式作宾语，意义差别不大。 形式作宾语，意义差别不大。
1）在like, love, hate, prefer等动词后， prefer等动词后 等动词后， v-ing形式表示经常性、概括性的动作， ing形式表示经常性 概括性的动作， 形式表示经常性、 不定式表示具体的、特定的某一次动作。 不定式表示具体的、特定的某一次动作。 如：
v-ing的用法
“V-ing ”的用法1. V-ing 形式由 “do ＋ing” 构成, 其否定形式是 “not doing”, V -ing 可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。
1. 作定语V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语, 这时有两种情况。
1) -ing 形式表示 “供作......之用”的意思, 这类作定语的-ing 形式过去叫动名词。
A swimming pool= a pool for swimming2) -ing 形式表示 “......的” 意思, 过去叫现在分词A sleeping childworking peoplethe rising sun 完成式 一般式被动语态主动语态语态 时态(not) doing (not) being done (not)having done (not)having been-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。
如:They are visitors coming from several countries.The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.2. 作状语可以表示时间, 原因, 结果,条件, 行为方式或伴随动作等。
1) Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.= Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way.( 伴随动作)2) Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set. （原因）3) Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.（条件）4) The boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting the branch.（伴随）5) He came running back to tell me the news. （方式）6) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.= When he heard the news, he got frightened.(时间, 可以在分词前保留when )7) The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. （结果）注意：-ing形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。
V-ing的用法
一、作定语时，根据被修饰的名词是动词的-ing形式动作的执行者还是承受者来确定主动和被动，从而确定使用现在分词或过去分词。
They seemed to be eating something cooked on the fire.二、作状语时，则根据句子主语是动词的-ing形式动作的执行者还是承受者确定主动还是被动。
The teacher entered the classroom, followed by his students.三、作表语时，也是根据主语是动词的-ing形式动作的执行者还是承受者来确定。
1. The story sounds moving.2. I was deeply moved when I saw the film.四、作宾语补足语时，根据该宾语是动词的-ing形式动作的执行者还是承受者来确定。
1．在及物动词的复合宾语中：I saw her opening the door.2．在动词have后的复合宾语中：I had my bike repaired yesterday.3．在介词with后的复合宾语中:The picture only came out like a white circle with three black spots showing for a mouth and eyes.五、在独立主格结构中，应根据该主格名词或代词来确定。
Spring coming on,the trees turned green.动词的-ing形式构成的独立主格结构（1）名词(代词)+动词的-ing形式名词(代词)+动词的-ing形式作状语。
它一般位于句首，在这种结构中，前面的名词或代词是动词的-ing 的逻辑主语，即动作的执行者，它表示主动意义。
可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。
The moon having risen, they took a walk in the field.月亮升起后，他们在田野里散步。
ving形式的基本用法
ving形式的基本用法Ving形式，也就是Gerund形式，是英语中的一种名词形式，它由动词的现在分词形式+ing构成。
Ving形式的基本用法非常广泛，可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、介词宾语和表语等角色，下面将详细介绍ving形式的基本用法及其用例。
1、Ving形式作为主语Ving形式可以作为句子的主语，用来表示一些动作或状态。
在这种句子中，主语通常位于句子的开头，后面跟着谓语。
例如：- Swimming is my favorite sport. - Reading before bed helps me sleep better. - Skiing in the mountains is dangerous if you're not careful.在这些例子中，"Swimming"，"Reading"和"Skiing"都是作为主语的Ving形式。
2、Ving形式作为宾语Ving形式也可以作为句子的宾语，用来表示动作或状态的对象。
在这种情况下，Ving形式通常跟在动词之后作为宾语出现。
例如：- I enjoy watching movies. - She suggested going out for dinner tonight. - Do you mind if I bring my dog along?在这些例子中，"watching"，"going"和"bringing"都是作为宾语的Ving形式。
3、Ving形式作为介词宾语Ving形式还可以作为介词的宾语，用来表示动作或状态的对象。
在这种情况下，Ving形式通常跟在介词之后作为介词宾语出现。
例如：- I'm looking forward to seeing the new Star Wars movie. - He's good at playing the guitar. - After finishing her homework, she went to bed.在这些例子中，"seeing"，"playing"和"finishing"都是作为介词宾语的Ving形式。
V-ing的用法总结
Correct the mistakes in each sentence.
1.The news that our team had been defeated was disappointed. disappointing 2.Lucy dosen’t mind to lend you her MP3. lending 3.After take his measure, they decided to give him taking the position. 4.Which do you enjoy spending your weekend, fishing or shopping? to spend 5.I still remember taken to Shanghai when I was gret ．
to do doing
动作尚未发生 动作已经发生
to do 设法、努力去做，尽力 设法、努力去做， 2. Try doing 试试去做（看有何结果） 试试去做（看有何结果） to do 打算做（主语一般是人） 打算做（主语一般是人） 3. mean doing 意味着（主语一般是物） 意味着（主语一般是物）
动名词的几个注意事项
1. V-ing的被动形式 being done 的被动形式: 的被动形式 The officers narrowly escaped being killed ___________(kill) in the hot battle. 2. V-ing的完成式：having done 的完成式： 的完成式 Having finished the homework, she went to sleep. 3. V-ing的否定形式：not doing 的否定形式： 的否定形式 not having done You will be punished for not finishing your homework on time.
v-ing的用法(状语)
To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.
3). It’s no use (good) doing sth It’s a waste of time doing sth it 作形式主语, 只用V-ing,不用不定式。
※ It is + adj. + (for sb ) to do sth
宾语。
4. 作定语 ＊The girl standing there is my sister . ＊This is a piece of surprising (surprise) __________ being discussed ＊The problem____________ (discuss) now is very important. working ＊ The farmers ____________ (work) in the fields are tired . news .
5. ___ many times, the boy still didn’t know how to do the exercises. A. Having taught B. B Having been taught C. taught
D. Teaching
6. _________ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film. A. Having been told A B. Having told C. Been told
2. 作表语 ☆ Teaching is learning. 教学相长． making ☆ My hobby is __________ (make) model planes. ☆ What worried the child most was not being allowed _________ (not, allow) to visit his mother in the hospital .
动词-ing变化规则
一、动词V-ing形式的用法1.用于进行时中，叫做现在分词。
基本句型：be+V-ing（注意be的变形）。
译为“正在...”01.现在进行式：（am，is，are）+V-ing02.过去进行式：（was，were）+V-ing03.将来进行式：（will be）+V-ing04.过去将来进行式：（would be）+V-ing05.现在完成进行式：（have been，has been）+V-ing06.过去完成进行式：（had been）+V-ing2.在某些特定动词和介词后边，用V-ing形式，这时V-ing叫做动名词，汉语意思不变。
这样的动词以后会单独专学。
3.某些动词变为V-ing形式后，起到形容词作用。
译为：“正在...的...”“令人感到...的”这部分会在V-ing变形结束后，近期会单列学习。
如：move（感动）---moving令人感动的，动人的Interest（使...感兴趣）---interesting 令人感兴趣的；有趣的二、动词ing形式的用法及变化规则：在动词词尾加-ing构成，其规则如下：1）一般情况下，在动词词尾直接加-ing，如：01.check（检查；核对）—checking 05.help（帮助）—helping02.call（叫；打电话给）—calling 06.look（看...）—looking03.rain（下雨）—raining 07.listen（听...；倾听）—listening04.answer（回答）—answering 08.talk（谈论；说话）—talking2）以一个字母-e结尾的单词，去掉字母-e，再加-ing，但是双写-ee结尾的，要直接加-ing。
如：01.move（移动；感动）—moving05.hope（希望）—hoping02.like（喜欢；愿意）—liking 06.agree（同意）—agreeing03.close（关闭；结束）—closing 07.see（看见）—seeing04.waste（浪费；消耗）—wasting 08.free（释放）—freeing3）以重读闭音节结尾，即“辅+元+辅”结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ing。
完整版动词V ing的用法
?It is no use doing sth. 做某事是没用的。 eg3.光说不做是没用的。 It is no use talking without doing . ?It is worthwhile doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg4.参加这次活动是值得的。 It is worthwhile taking part in the activity .
三、动词+ing的常见形式
2.动词+ing形式的否定式，一般情况下在其前加 not，若表示提示性语言则在其前直接加 no。
eg1.由于没有很努力的学习，他考试没及格。 Not having studied his lesson very hard, he failed the examinations.
3.如果动词的最后一音节为 重读闭音节 ，则最后 一个字母要 双写，再加-ing。
run stop plan control
双写尾字母， 再加-ing
running stopping planning controllin g
2.以-e结尾的动词：
(3)以“-ee”，“-oe”，“-ye”结尾的动词， 直 接加ing。
eg2.吸烟对健康有害。 Smoking is bad for your health.
(2).有时用It作形式主语，真正的主语是 V-ing放 于It句型后，常见句型有：
?It is a waste time of doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间。 eg1.劝说这样的人加入我们真是浪费时间。 It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. ?It is no good doing sth. 做某事没有好处。
V-ing的用法
• ２）放在某些短语动词后：give up , aim at , put off , insist on , persist in , be good at , do well in , can’t help(禁不住）,keep on, leave off , feel like , set about等。 • ３）放在有介词to的短语动词后：be/get use to, object to, stick to, devote to, respond to, look forward to, see to, submit to, adapt to, apply to, access to, adjust to, owe to, prefer …to…等。 • 四、做定语。 做定语。 • １、单个的v-ing 做定语放被修饰词前： • A washing machine, a sleeping baby.
V-ing的用法 的用法
做主语。 • 一、做主语。 • １、直接放句首做主语。 • 1)Seeing is believing . 2) Going to Nanning by car takes us more than two hours . • 2、用于以下句型结构； • It’s no use /on good /useless/ hopeless/ a waste of …+V-ing . • 1)It’s no use telling you about it. . • 2)It’s hopeless working here for such a mean boss.
• 2、 v-ing短语放在被修饰语后。 • １）The girl standing there is my sister . • ２）Do you know the man talking to your deskmate just now ? • ３）Whose is the wallet lying on the ground ？ • 五、 放在宾语后做宾语补足语 放在宾语后做宾语补足语。 • １、放在感官动词的宾语后：see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, find, smell等。 • ２、放在使役动词的宾语后：catch, have, keep, leave, set 等。
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现 在 分 词
形式用法归纳
1、作表语 (与动名词的区别） 2、作宾补（能跟现在分词作宾补的动词） 3、作定语（与动名词的区别） 4、作状语
动 1、作主语 名 2、作表语 (与现在分词的区别） 词 3、作宾语（能跟动名词作宾语的动词） 4、作定语（与动名词的区别）
现在分词表语
1. The music is moving. 2. What he said sounded inspiring. 3. The story is interesting. 4. The teacher’s teaching is boring.
*When heated, water turns into steam. =When water is heated, water turns into steam.
分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语 一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语， 分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语 从句。 (True or false) 1) Being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. F 2) He being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. T 3) As he was an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. T
*Given more time, I’ll catch up with you.
*过去分词短语作条件状语
4.Although they had been defeated many times， they continued to fight. *Defeated many times, they continued to fight. =Although defeated many times, they continued to fight.
这工作累人. She is very tired .
The work is tiring.
2.
1
定语（单个分词）
这就是那只吓人的老虎. 这就是受了惊吓的女孩.
（ frighten）
This is the frightening tiger. This is the frightened girl.
注：ing分词作定语有时意义不同：
flying fish 飞鱼 a running dog 走狗 a falling tide 落潮 a crying boy 哭着的孩子 a running machine a swimming pool a waiting room a walking stick a fishing pole a reading room
分词的否定式： not +分词
现在分词与过去分词的区别 语态 现在分词---- 主动 过去分词---- 被动 现在分词---- 正在进行 时态 过去分词---- 已经完成
意义 现在分词----特征，事物的属性 过去分词----状态，心理活动
复习练习一：根据汉语意思,用所给动词的现在 分词或过去分词填空
2.Because he was moved by her words, he decided to help the poor boy. *Moved by her words, he decided to help the poor boy.
*过去分词短语作原因状语
3.If I am given more time, I’ll catch up with you.
*Feeling very tired, they kept running.
现在分词短语 作让步状语
5.The children came into the classroom, and they laughed and talked.(并列句)
*The children came into the classroom, laughing and talking.
1.When it rains, I’ll go to school by bus. 时间状语从句
2.As the day was fine, they decided to go on a trip. 原因状语从句
3.If I go to the Great Wall tomorrow, would you like to come along? 条件 状 语从句 4.Although they did heavy work that day, they were all in high spirits. 让步状 语从句
动名词表语
表语(以下doing是动名词，be 是系动词)
My hobby is playing football. His goal is going to Beijing University. My job is teaching Class 5 and Class 6. Her job was washing clothes.
1.move a moving
film 动人的电影 (主动)
a moved mother 受感动的妈妈 (被动) 2. fall
a falling leaf 一片飘落的树叶(正在进行) a fallen leaf 一片落叶 (已经完成)
分词做表语,定语,宾补用法
运用现在分词或过去分词完整句子
1. 表语: 她现在好累.
以下doing是现在分词， be 是助动词，起结 构作用 He is playing football. He is going to Beijing University. She is teaching the Ss maths in Class 6. My mother is washing my clothes.
3.宾补
我看见那玻璃是破的.
我看见那男孩在把玻璃砸破.
I saw the glass broken .
I saw the boy breaking the glass .
Grammar:
The Participle phrase used as Adverbial 分 词 短 语 作 状 语
What clauses do you know?
Seeing their teacher, the students stood up. *现在分词短语作 ( 时间状语 ) *现在分词动作的发出者是( 句子主语)
1.2.After they had finished their homework
they went home.
Having finished their homework, they went home.
2.2 定语（分词短语） 正在建房那些人是我的朋友.
去年建造的那座房子将要拆除. 正在建造的那座房子将是个商店.
The people building the house are my friends. The house built last year will be pulled down.
The house being built will be a store.
*分词短语作定语可改eople (who are )building the house are my friends. *The house( which was )built last year will be pulled down. *The house( which is )being built will be a store.
Guide 1 复习分词的有关用法 分词可以分为：_________ 现在分词-----doing _________ 过去分词-----done
分词的功能：具有形容词和副词的作用， 在句中作表语，补语，定语， 状语
分词的形式
现在分词和过去分词 过去分词 done (只有一种形式） 主动形式 一般式 完成式 doing having done 被动形式 being done having been done，完 成所表示的时间在主句 的动作之前表示被动可 直接用过去分词V+ed
四、定语
（做这一成分时， 动名词和现在分词极易搞混) A sleeping bag. = a bag for sleeping (动名词) A sleeping robe. = a robe for sleeping (动名词) A sleeping tent. = a tent for sleeping (动名词) A sleeping dog. = a dog (which is/was) sleeping (现分) A sleeping baby = a baby (who is/was) sleeping (现分) 分词作定语表示一种经常性的动作，表示一种状态 动名词做定语表示的是一种特性与功能
Pay attention
分词
语态
时态
否定
逻辑主语
1 语态看分词
（即主被动关系）
doing
主动
语 态
被动
having done being done
having been done
分词作状语功能表
表示的范围 1.时间 2.原因 3.条件 4.让步 相当的状语从句 时间状语从句 原因 状 语从句 条件 状 语从句 让步状 语从句 没有合适的状 语从句
5.方式/伴随
A.现在分词作状语学与练
把划线部分改写成分词短语
并说明其功能 1.1.When they saw their teacher, the students stood up.
3.If you work harder at English, you will make greater progress.