V-ing_的用法
Ving用法
V-ing的用法复习1.V-ing的否定式:V-ing的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。
如:eg. His not coming made all of us angry. (动名词的复合式做主语)2.V-ing的一般式和完成式:V-ing的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作;完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。
如:Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生,他对书本很感兴趣。
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课,他考试不及格。
3. V-ing的被动式:V-ing的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是V-ing动作的承受者。
根据V-ing 动作发生的时间,V-ing的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。
如:The question being discussed now is very important. 正在被讨论的...Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking. 被老师批评以后,他把烟戒了。
注意:在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后,作宾语的-ing 常用主动形式来表示被动含义。
如:Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. This book is well worth reading.4.V-ing的语法作用V-ing分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。
1)V–ing(短语)作主语:Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。
高考语法之V+ing形式
V-ing 的用法:
(1)作主语
Swimming is good for health.
游泳对健康有益。
Raising your hat to a lady is good manners.
对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。
(2) 作表语
Teaching is learning.
教学相长.
My hobby is making model planes.
我的嗜好是做模型飞机.
注意
1. V-ing形式和不定式都可表示比较抽象的一般
性的行为;而表示具体的某次动作,尤其是将来 的动作时,多用不定式。
To obey/Obeying the law is everyone’s duty.
2. V-ing形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是 不定式时,表语也用不定式;反之,当主语是 Ving 形式时,表语也用 V-ing 形式。
完成式 (not)having done (not)having been done
二: V-ing 可作主语、宾语、表语; 定语、 状语和宾语补足语,但不能单独作谓语。
V-ing 形式表示的动作与主要动词同 时发生或发生在主要动词之后,用其一 般式; V-ing 形式表示的动作在主要动词 之前发生,用其完成时,在具体应用中 也常以一般式代替完Байду номын сангаас式。
lifeguard. 小孩子被救生员救起,免于淹死。
注意:
在 avoid, admit, appreciate, complete, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, can’t help 等后只接V-ing形
ing用法
The bridge t_o_b_e_b_u_ilt next year will be two kilometers long.
V-ing与V-ed作定语的区别:
表示心理状态的动词:excite, interest, inspire, encourage, frighten, move, please, puzzle, surprise, tire, worry.
D. running; surprising
• I would have him _____ for me at the school gate.
A. wait B. waits C. waiting D. waited
3.V-ing 作主语:
1. Reading aloud is important in learning a foreign language.
V-ing被动式:being done
being done --表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生,正在进行.
done --动作发生在谓语动词之前,完成了的动作 --动作发生在谓语动词之后,未来的动作用 to be done.
The bridge b_e_in_g b_u_ilt now is two kilometers long.
(2)有些动词既可接动名词又可 接不定式作宾语,意义上没有什
么区别。 如:begin, start, like, love, prefer
V-ing表示一般概念或经常性、习惯性的 动作;
to V 表示具体的一次性动作。
(3)某物作主语时,谓语动词 need, want, require等之后的宾语 用V-ing 的主动形式,或者用不定
Ving作状语
表示动作的结果
Ving作状语可以表示动作的自然结果 Ving作状语可以表示动作的预期结果 Ving作状语可以表示动作的意外结果 Ving作状语可以表示动作的伴随结果
与-ing分词短语的区别
结构不同:-ing分词短语是独立的结构,而Ving作状语是作为状语存在的。
意思不同:-ing分词短语通常表示正在进行的动作或状态,而Ving作状语可以表示 时间、条件、让步等关系。
Ving作状语可以表示伴随的动作,如“He walked along the river,singing l o u d l y. ”
Ving作状语可以表示结果,如“I tried to open the door,only to find it locked.”
表示动作的伴随情况
Ving作状语可以表示主语执行的动作的同时伴随其他动作的发生 Ving作状语可以用来描述主语在执行主要动作时伴随的状态或条件 Ving作状语可以用来强调主语执行的动作与伴随动作之间的关联性 Ving作状语可以用来补充说明主语执行的动作时伴随的其他情况
书面语与口语的区 分
正式与非正式场合 的区分
特定语境场合的区 分
不同领域和专业领 域的区分
注意与其它成分的搭配
注意与主语的搭配:Ving作状语时,应与主语保持逻辑一致,避免产生歧义。 注意与谓语的搭配:Ving作状语时,应与谓语保持时态和语态的一致,以避免语法错误。 注意与宾语的搭配:Ving作状语时,应与宾语保持逻辑一致,确保句子的意思清晰明确。 注意与其它状语的搭配:Ving作状语时,应与其他状语保持合理的顺序,以使句子更加通顺。
汇报人:XX
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语义关系不同:Ving作状语与独立 主格结构在语义关系上存在差异。
V-ing形式的用法
V-ing形式的用法V-ing形式分为动名词和现在分词。
现在分词(Present Participle)是分词的一种,分词又分为V-ing形式和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语和状语),并且它们具有动词的性质。
一:V-ing形式的三个基本特点:1.在时间上表示动作正在进行。
例如:a developing country. 一个发展中的国家,boiling water 沸水,rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。
(试比较:a developed country 一个发达国家,boiled water 白开水,risen sun 升起的太阳)2. 在语态上表示主动。
例如:the ruling class 统治阶级,the exploiting class 剥削阶级。
(试比较:the ruled class 被统治阶级,the exploited class 被剥削阶级)3. 在含义上表示“令人……”;表示习惯性、抽象性;表示种类、用途。
二:时态与语态主动被动一般式doing Being done完成式having done Having been done三:否定式:所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not1)V-ing形式的时态:V-ing形式本身不能表示具体的时间概念,其动作发生的时间只能是相对于谓语动作发生时间相对而言的。
这一点和不定式用法相同。
A)V-ing形式的一般式:doing表示分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。
或是谓语动作发生时,分词的动作正在发生过程中。
如:Looking back, I found she was washing clothes.She smelt something burning.(smelt发生在burning的过程中。
) 她闻到有东西烧焦了。
She sat on the chair, reading a novel.B)V-ing形式的完成式:having done表示V-ing形式的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
动词-ing变化规则
动词变化规则:动词-ing形式的用法级变化规则、动词V-ing形式的用法1.用于进行时中,叫做现在分词。
基本句型:be+V-ing(注意be的变形)。
译为“正在...”01.现在进行式:(am,is,are)+V-ing02.过去进行式:(was,were)+V-ing03.将来进行式:(will be)+V-ing04.过去将来进行式:(would be)+V-ing05.现在完成进行式:(have been,has been)+V-ing06.过去完成进行式:(had been)+V-ing2.在某些特定动词和介词后边,用V-ing形式,这时V-ing叫做动名词,汉语意思不变。
3.某些动词变为V-ing形式后,起到形容词作用。
译为:“正在...的...”“令人感到...的”move(感动)---moving令人感动的,动人的develop(使...感兴趣)---developing 正在发展中的二、动词ing形式的用法及变化规则:在动词词尾加-ing构成,其规则如下:1)一般情况下,在动词词尾直接加-ing,如:check—checking(检查;核对)help—helping(帮助)2)以-e结尾的动词(1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing:write—_______(),hope—_______(),care—_______(),stare—_______()have—_______(),save—_______(),produce—_______(),breathe—_______()move—_______(),close—_______(),waste—_______()(2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing:die—_______(),tie—_______(),lie—_______()(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保留词尾e:see—_______(),flee—_______(),free—_______(),agree—_______()eye—_______()3)以重读闭音节结尾,即“辅+元+辅”结尾的动词,先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ing。
V-ing的用法
V-ing形式是英语中非谓语动词的一种,它在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语和定语。
一、V-ing形式作主语表示泛指意义的行为。
谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
如:Saving money is a good habit.二、V-ing形式作宾语1. 有些动词后常跟V-ing形式作宾语,常见的有finish,practice,enjoy,suggest,keep,mind,advise等。
如:A young man practiced speaking English with Mr. Green just now.2. 有些动词词组或某些结构后常跟V-ing形式,常见的有give up,look forward to,feel like,pay attention to,put off,succeed in,be / get used to,can‘t help,be interested in,be afraid of,be busy等。
如:He gave up smoking in the end.注意:1. 某些动词后既可跟动词不定式,也可跟V-ing形式作宾语,但表达的意思不同,常见的有remember to do sth. (记住去做某事),remember doing sth. (记得做过某事);forget to do sth. (忘记去做某事),forget doing sth.(忘记做过某事);stop to do sth. (停下来去做另一件事),stop doing sth (停止做某事);try to do sth.(尽力做某事),try doing sth.(尝试做某事)等。
2. 还有一些动词后面既可跟动词不定式,也可跟V-ing形式作宾语,但表达的意思无多大区别,常见的有love,like,hate,prefer,begin,start,continue等。
三、V-ing形式作宾语补足语通常表示动作正在进行,能带这类结构的动词多为感官动词(如see,watch,hear等)以及某些使役动词(如keep,get 等)。
v-ing形式作状语
v-ing形式作状语v—ing形式作状语时,用于修饰某动词或整个句子,所表示的动作与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系.v-ing形式作状语时,可以单独使用,也可以在其前加上when,while,after,if,unless,although,though等连词,表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随、方式等。
1. 作时间状语Hearing this news, she got frightened。
听到这个消息,她感到害怕。
Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football.Turning around , he saw a tiger running up。
2. 作结果状语The boy ran even faster,reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了,到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。
The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.Her husband died, leaving her four children.They fired, killing many people in the street。
3。
作伴随状语He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window。
He came running。
She stood waiting for a bus。
He sat there reading a book。
The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing.4. 作原因状语Being a student, I must study hard。
作为一名学生,我必须努力学习。
[精品]v-ing形式作主语
v-ing形式作主语、宾语和表语一、v-ing形式作主语1. v-ing形式作主语可放在句首,也可用形式主语it代替,常表示抽象动作或一般行为。
如:Using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries. 用右手握手是许多国家的一种习俗。
It is no use complaining; the company won’t do anything about it. 抱怨是没有用的,公司是不会管的。
2. “名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+v-ing形式”构成复合结构也可以在句中作主语。
如:My being late made my mother very angry. 我迟到让我母亲很生气。
Susan’s winning the first prize excited us all. 苏珊获得一等奖使得我们大家很兴奋。
二、v-ing形式作宾语1. 有些动词后面要求跟v-ing作宾语。
类似动词有:admit, practise, appreciate, finish, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy等。
如:We often practice speaking English after class. 我们常常在课后练习说英语。
2.有些动词后面既可接不定式也接v-ing作宾语,但差别较大。
类似动词有:forget, remember, mean, try, regret, go on等。
如:She regretted having missed the film. 她懊悔没能看上那场电影。
I regret to say that we can’t stay here any longer. 我很抱歉,我们不能再在这儿多呆了。
3. 有些动词短语后也要求跟v-ing作宾语。
常这样用的动词短语有:can’t stand 忍不住;can’t help 忍不住;feel like 想要;give up 放弃;put off 推迟。
V-ing 形式
1.V-ing 形式作定语V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语 这时有两种情况。
1)-ing 形式表示 被修饰名词的作用或功能。
a swimming pool= a pool for swimminga sleeping car = a car for sleeping2) -ing 形式表示 “正在进行”的意思, 这类作定语的-ing 形式叫现在分词。
a sleeping child= a child who is sleepingThe building being built now is our new library.2. -ing 形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个主动的定语从句。
如: They are visitors coming from several countries. The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.2.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。
现在分词作状语,常常用来表示原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。
现在分词一般不用作表目的地状语(通常用不定式表目的的状语)。
1)表时间状语Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.)2) 表原因状语Being ill, he didn’t go to school.(=As he was ill, he didn’t go to school.)Being a student, you should study hard. (=Since you are a student, you should study hard.)3)表方式、伴随情况的状语 :作伴随状语的分词表示的动作,必须是主语的一个 动作,或是与谓语所表示的动作(或状态)同时发生,或是对谓语表示的动词(或状态)作进一步地补充说明。
V-ing 作定语的用法
exercises
1.The computer center,______ last year, is very popular among the students in the school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 2. Most of the artists ___ to the party were from south africa. A. Invited B.to invite C. being invited D. had being invited 3. Do you know the boy ______ under the big tree? A. Lay B. Lain ying D. lying
比较: 误: he is the man visiting our class yesterday. 正: he is the man who visited our class yesterday. The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学 生。
2. 表性质,特征:
An interesting book A boring trip A disappointing result
3. 表示用途:
the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车 室 a working method 工作方法 a reading room = a room for reading a sleeping car = a car for sleeping
V-ing-详解
V-ing-详解Women can hold up half of the sky第2页/共29页必修四 Unit 2---Unit 4 语法详解 动名词和现在分词用法解析 一、V-ing 形式概念(1) V-ing 形式包括两种:①动名词:具有名词特征,在句子中可作主语,宾语,表语,定语等。
② 现在分词: 具有形容词和副词特征,在句子中可作定语、状语、表语、宾补Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerful .(现在分词短语,作状语)他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。
She hates speaking in the public. (动名词短语,作宾语) 她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。
Feeling the lesson boring, the students are sleepy. There are many sleeping students in class.Seeing is believing.I suggest going shopping tomorrow.The lesson is boring.(2) 动词ing 时态及否定形式① V-ing 一般式表示这个动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生.Eg: They went out of the classroom, talking andlaughing Array The largebuildingbeing built isa library.② Ving完成式: 强调这个的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前完成Eg: Having lived in this city for three years, sheknows it very well.第3页/共29页Eg: Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.动词ing的否定形式在ing的前面加not 或never 的否定副词Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help.Never have been to Beijjing before, she felt at a loss where to go.二、动名词详解(1)动名词作主语Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。
ving形式的基本用法
ving形式的基本用法Ving形式,也就是Gerund形式,是英语中的一种名词形式,它由动词的现在分词形式+ing构成。
Ving形式的基本用法非常广泛,可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、介词宾语和表语等角色,下面将详细介绍ving形式的基本用法及其用例。
1、Ving形式作为主语Ving形式可以作为句子的主语,用来表示一些动作或状态。
在这种句子中,主语通常位于句子的开头,后面跟着谓语。
例如:- Swimming is my favorite sport. - Reading before bed helps me sleep better. - Skiing in the mountains is dangerous if you're not careful.在这些例子中,"Swimming","Reading"和"Skiing"都是作为主语的Ving形式。
2、Ving形式作为宾语Ving形式也可以作为句子的宾语,用来表示动作或状态的对象。
在这种情况下,Ving形式通常跟在动词之后作为宾语出现。
例如:- I enjoy watching movies. - She suggested going out for dinner tonight. - Do you mind if I bring my dog along?在这些例子中,"watching","going"和"bringing"都是作为宾语的Ving形式。
3、Ving形式作为介词宾语Ving形式还可以作为介词的宾语,用来表示动作或状态的对象。
在这种情况下,Ving形式通常跟在介词之后作为介词宾语出现。
例如:- I'm looking forward to seeing the new Star Wars movie. - He's good at playing the guitar. - After finishing her homework, she went to bed.在这些例子中,"seeing","playing"和"finishing"都是作为介词宾语的Ving形式。
V-ing作主语和宾语等等
他的爱好是收集邮票。
The problem is quite puzzling.
这个问题很令人困惑。
三、动词-ing形式作宾语
1、作动词的宾语。
(常接动词 -ing 形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助 记忆:)
② -ing 分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面,也 相当于一个定语从句。如:
Who is the comrade standing by the door? 站在门边的同志是谁?
They lived in a house facing south. = They lived in a house that faces the street.
He insisted on doing it in his own way. 他坚持要按照自己的方法做。 He went to London in the hope of being a famous painter.
他去了伦敦,希望能成为一个著名的画家。
四、-ing分词作定语:
①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如: reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池 singing competition 歌咏比赛 waiting room 候车室 a sleeping child一个酣睡的孩子 the exciting news令人振奋的消息 a boring speech令人乏味的演出
2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:
1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词,常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如: We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder. 2) 表示指使意义的动词,常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如: I won’t have you doing that. This set me thinking. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
v-ing形式的基本用法
v-ing形式的基本用法(1)作主语:Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
Talking is easier than doing.–ing作主语时,如果其结构较长,可用it作形式主语,而将作主语的-ing后置。
如:It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.(2)作表语:Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.(3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语。
She likes drawing very much.;②作某些短语动词的宾语。
Mary is thinking of going back to New York.;③do 限定词(my, some, any, the等)-ing,表示“做…事”之意,如:We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon.Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon?④作介词的宾语:Her sister is good at learning physics.;⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语:This book is well worth reading.–ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时,要用it作为形式宾语,而将作宾语的-ing后置,如:We found it no good talking like that.Do you think it necessary trying again?(4)作定语:The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate?注:-ing形式作定语用时,如果-ing只是一个单词,就位于其修饰的名词之前,如果是-ing 短语,就位于其修饰的名词之后,-ing作定语时,被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。
动词Ving的用法
4.作状语表示伴随状况 1).The children went to the park, laughing on the way. 2).She lies on the bed, holding one of her toy animals. 3).You look at me and I look at you, both knowing. 4).She entered the room, smiling from ear to ear. 5).He said to himself, putting all the money in his pocket. 5.作状语表示原因 Feeling tried, I went to bed early. Being ill, he didn’t come to school today.
6.制定计划干某事
7.有趣的事
V-ing 是动词的一种非谓语形式,不能单独作谓语,与不定式 一样, V-ing也可以带有自己的宾语或状语,构成V-ing短语。 1.作主语 Talking is easier than doing. Going to college is my dream. Spending time with your family and your friends is very important. 2.作宾语 I practice speaking English every day. I have already finished doing my homework. He’s looking forword to seeing you. Thank you for helping me. 3.作宾补 Suddenly I saw a woman lying on the ground. I kept the fire burning all day and all night.
ving形式的基本用法
ving形式的基本用法首先,ving形式可以用作动词的主语。
在句子中,如果我们想强调一个动作或者状态是主要的,我们可以使用ving形式作为主语。
例如:1. Singing makes me happy.(唱歌让我开心。
)2. Swimming is good exercise.(游泳是很好的锻炼。
)3. Dancing requires practice.(跳舞需要练习。
)在这些句子中,sing、swim、dance都是动词的主语,它们使用ing形式作为名词来描述主要的动作或者状态。
除此之外,ving形式也可以用作动词的宾语。
在这种情况下,它可以用来描述动作的持续性或者背景。
例如:1. I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢看书。
)2. They dislike swimming in cold water.(他们不喜欢在冷水中游泳。
)3. She regrets telling him the truth.(她后悔告诉了他真相。
)在这些例子中,reading、swimming、telling都是动词的宾语,它们使用ing形式来描述动作的特征。
此外,ving形式也可以用作形容词。
它描述或者修饰名词,表示具有其中一种特定的特征或者状态。
例如:1. The running water was so refreshing.(流动的水非常清凉。
)2. I saw a stunning sunset yesterday.(昨天我看到了一场令人惊叹的日落。
)3. The crying baby needs to be fed.(哭闹的婴儿需要喂食。
)在这些例句中,running、stunning、crying都是ving形式作为形容词来修饰名词。
此外,ving形式还可以用作介词的宾语。
它可以表示一种同时发生的动作。
例如:1. He is good at taking care of children.(他擅长照顾孩子。
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或:allow/ advise/ forbid/ permit + sb. to do
We don’t allow smoking here.
We don’t allow students to smoke.
7) should / would like / love 等后必须用 不定式。
drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水 a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖 a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室
2)现在分词作定语与所修饰的名词具有逻辑上 的主谓关系,即现在分词相当于所修饰名词 的谓语。
10) We had some trouble ____ the house and
nobody seemed ____ where it was.
A) in finding...knowing B) finding...to know
C) to find...knowing
D) to find...to know
regret to do sth
遗憾要去做
go on doing 继续做同一件事
go on to do
继续做另外一件事
can’t help doing情不自禁地去做某事
can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事
6).在allow , advise, forbid , permit 等词后 直接跟动词作宾语时,要用动名词形式,如果 后面有名词或代词作宾语,然后再跟动词作宾 语补足语时,其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。
2)下列动词短语也常跟v-ing形式作宾语。
insist on, object to, be good at , be fond of, lead to , put off, give up , look forward to , feel like, devote to , get used to , pay attention to , be worth等。
She found it useless arguing with him.
Do you consider it any good trying again ?
你觉得再试试会有好处吗?
3)在动词start , begin, continue等可接动名词也可接 不定式作宾语,两者意义区别不大。
They continued working / to work as if nothing had happened. 4)在love , hate, prefer , like 等动词后接动名词作宾语 指经常性的动作,而接不定式做宾语指具体的动作。
V-ing 的用法
现在分词的分类
1. 一般式 2. 完成式 3. 一般式的被动式 4. 完成式的被动式 5. 一般式的否定式 6. 完成式ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ否定式
A. being done B. doing C. not doing D. having done E. not having
done F. having been
I’d like to have a cup of tea. 8)下列动词可接v-ing形式的主动形式表示 被动意义,相当于不定式的被动形式。
need/ want/require/ deserve doing
= need / want / require / deserve to be done
The bike needs repairing / to be repaired.
A. to be read, not all B. to be read, all not
C. reading , not all D. reading, all not
7. I have to go to work on foot , for my bile needs ____.
A. repair
stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
stop doing sth. 停止或不做某事
mean to do sth. 想要做某事
mean doing
意味着做某事
try to do sth. 努力/企图做某事
try doing sth.
试着做某事(看会发生 什么)
be afraid to do sth 不敢做某事
Exercises
1.He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ___ the good opportunity.
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost 2. It is no good ____ all the time. A. complaining B. to complain C. complained D. complain
He preferred staying in the house when it rained. (用动名词作宾语,指每逢下雨就留在家)
I prefer to stay at home this afternoon. (动词不定式作宾语,指今天下午留在家这一具体动作)
5)有些动词或词组后跟v-ing形式或不定式 都可以,但意思不同。
3)当句型“There is no…”表示“不允许, 禁止某种行为的发生或存在”时,需用动名 词做主语。
There is no joking about such matters.
这种事开不得玩笑。
二. 做宾语
1)作及物动词的宾语。部分动词后面只能跟动 名词,而不能跟不定式作宾语。
避免错过少延期: avoid , miss, postpone 建议完成多练习: advise, finish, practise 喜欢想象禁不住: enjoy, imagine, can’t help 承认否认与嫉妒:admit, deny, envy 逃避冒险莫原谅:escape, risk, excuse
done
v-ing形式的基本用法:
动名词在句中起名词的作用,可做 主语,宾语,表语和定语。
现在分词在句中可做定语,状语, 表语和宾语补足语。
V-ing形式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时 发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后,用其一般式; v-ing形式表示的动作在主要动作之前发生,用 其完成式。例如:
What worried the child most was not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.
B. to repair
C. repairing D. being repaired
8) I don't mind ____ by bus, but I hate ____ in queues. A) to travel...standing B) having traveled...standing C) traveling...to stand D) traveling...standing 9)What about ____ double quantities of everything today? We have hardly time to go____ next week. A) buying...to shop B) buy...shopping C) buying...shopping D) to buy...shopping
3. I regret ___ that I’m too busy ___ in the talk. A. to say, to participate B. saying , participating C. to say, participating D. saying , to participate 4. She has been used to ___abroad. A. live B. to live C. lived D. living
全析提示:
(1)动名词作表语时,主语和表语可以互换, 句子意思不变。 (2)现在分词作表语时,主语和表语不能互 换。现在分词前面可以有修饰性的副词,如 very, rather等。 His hobby is playing football. My job is teaching English. The news is (very )exciting.
He insisted on doing it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
I feel like going to the movie this evening.
注意:
当动名词短语作宾语,后面又有宾语补足 语时, 常用it 做形式宾语,而把真正的宾 语——动名词短语放在后面。
三、动词-ing形式作表语
动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般的行为,现在 分词作表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态。
Our greatest happiness is serving the people.(动名词)
Our task is building socialism. (动名词)
The film we saw last night is quite moving. (现在分词)
一.v-ing做主语,谓语动词用单数动词。
1)直接用动名词做主语。 Collecting stamps is his hobby. 2)用it 做形式主语,真正的主语——动名 词短语放在后面。常用于下列句式:
It is no use/ no good/ useless/ worthwhile/ dangerous/ a waste of time/ fun 等后需用 动名词做真正的主语。 It’s no use waiting for him any longer. It’s a waste of time arguing about it.