Ving形式作定语

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ing用法

The bridge _bu_i_lt_ last year is two kilometers long.
The bridge t_o_b_e_b_u_ilt next year will be two kilometers long.
V-ing与V-ed作定语的区别：
表示心理状态的动词：excite, interest, inspire, encourage, frighten, move, please, puzzle, surprise, tire, worry.
D. running; surprising
• I would have him _____ for me at the school gate.
A. wait B. waits C. waiting D. waited
3.V-ing 作主语：
1. Reading aloud is important in learning a foreign language.
V-ing被动式：being done
being done --表达的动作与谓语动词同时发生，正在进行.
done --动作发生在谓语动词之前，完成了的动作 --动作发生在谓语动词之后，未来的动作用 to be done.
The bridge b_e_in_g b_u_ilt now is two kilometers long.
（2）有些动词既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语，意义上没有什
么区别。如：begin, start, like, love, prefer
V-ing表示一般概念或经常性、习惯性的动作；
to V 表示具体的一次性动作。
（3）某物作主语时，谓语动词 need, want, require等之后的宾语用V-ing 的主动形式，或者用不定

动词的-ing形式作表语,定语,宾语补足语

E.g.The workers were kept working the whole night. (主语补足语)
1）位于感官动词后(see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，notice等)。
E.g.I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.我感到有人拍我的肩膀。
动词的-ing形式作表语，定语，宾语补足语
一、导入
分析例子导入：（2014四川）The managerwas satisfied to see many new products ______ after great effort.
A. having developedB. to develop C. developedD. develop
时态语态
主动
被动
一般时
doing
being done
完成时
having done
having been done
二、(1)动词-ing分为动名词和现在分词两类。
(2)动名词兼有动词和名词的特征，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
(3)现在分词兼有动词、形容词和副词的特征，可在句中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。
2.动词-ing兼有动词、形容词和副词的特征时，可以作前置定语(具有动词、形容词的特征)，也可
以作后置定语(兼有动词、形容词和副词的特征)，表示正在进行的动作或某种状态，单个动词-ing作定语时，常放在所修饰的名词之前；动词-ing短语作定语时，常放在所修饰的名词之后，相当于一个定语从句。
E.g.The girl standing there (=The girl who is standing there) is my classmate.

Grammar(v-ing形式作定语和状语)

(分词的逻辑主语是time , 而句子的主语是 I , 两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用独立主
格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。)
用动词的-ing形式改写下列句子: 1. The picture that hangs on the wall is a world-famous one. The picture _h_a_n_g_i_n_g on the wall is a world-famous one. 2. Because he hadn’t received an answer, he decided to write another letter to him. _N_o_t_h_a_v_in_g__re_c_e_iv_e_d_ an answer, he decided to write another letter to him.
5) He came running back to tell me the
news.
方式
6) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened. = When he heard the news, he got frightened.
(时间, 可以在分词前保留when )
2. 作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、
行为方式或伴随动作等。
Using your head, you’ll find a good
way.
条件
1) Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way. = Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way.

Ving形式用法及记忆方法

Ving形式用法在句中用主、宾、表、定、状、宾补。

不能单独作谓语。

1．作主语。

Playing with fire is dangerous.( 一般或多次反复的，经常性的动作)To play with fire will be dangerous. (具体的或一次性，临时性的动作)常用I t’s + no use ( help / good/ harm/a waste of time )+ VingI t’s + adj.(easy / important..) +to doIt’s not easy to learn English well. It’s no good smoking2.作宾语。

I like swimming, ( 经常性或多次反复的动作) but I don’t like to swim today. (临时性或一次性的动作)(1)V + do 原形听(hear ,listen to )观(see ,look , notice , watch,observe ) 感( feel )使(make ,have)让(let )帮(help) Let’s go home.(2) V + doing .他承认（admit）情不自禁(can’t help)想(miss ,imagine，fancy)建议(advise)，为了避免(avoid,escape)迈迪mind开始(start/ begin)否认(deny)更喜欢(prefer , like ,enjoy. feel like, be fond of )保存(keep )冒险(risk)延误(delay)完成(finish)的练习(practise)，是值得(be worth)花时间(spend)考虑的( consider)。

Do you mind opening the door.(3) V + sb + to do / V + doing允许(allow , permit )建议(advise，recommend)禁止(forbid)鼓励(encourage)We don’t allow smoking. We don’t allow you to smoke.(4) V + to do (未发生) / V + doing（已发生）他开始(start,begin)继续(go ,continue)不停(stop)地打算(mean)尝试(try)忘(forget)记(remember)过去后悔(regret)的，不讨(hate)人喜欢(like)的东西。

动词ing形式的用法

动词ing形式的用法一)Ving形式作定语分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。

例如：The man standing by the window is our teacher.Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building.Ving作定语主要表示动作和用途。

1. 表示动作（主动的、进行的动作）。

a waiting car = the car that is waitinga sleeping child 熟睡的孩子The girl standing there is my sister.站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。

[注意]现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。

例如：The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学生。

2. 表示用途：the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室a working method 工作方法He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。

【比较】过去分词作定语：及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成。

例如：That is the book written by Lu Xun.那是鲁迅写的书。

He is a returned student. 他是一个归国的留学生。

不定式作定语：用不定式作定语，其经常所修饰的名词、代词有：meeting, reason, time, way, need, right, chance, decision, wish, promise, ability, anxiety, something, anything, nothing, anybody, somebody, thing... 例如：We have no time to lose.我们没有时间（可以浪费）了。

V-ing作定语和状语

V-ing作定语和状语Ⅰ. V-ing 作定语单个的V-ing作定语，常放在被修饰的名词前面作前置定语；V-ing短语作定语，则放在被修饰名词的后面，作后置定语。

1．V-ing作定语，说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途。

He may be in the reading room . (read) 他可能在阅览室里。

They set up an _______________ table. (operate) 他们搭起一个手术台。

2．V-ing 作定语，表示其与被修饰词之间为主动关系，并且表示动作正在进行。

There are about 200 students studying in this school. 大约有200个学生在这个学校学习。

Who is the woman_________________our English teacher?( talk) 正在和我们英语老师谈话的那个女人是谁？3．有些V-ing已经转化成了形容词，常用作定语修饰物，表示“令人……”：exciting, shocking, puzzling, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, boring, tiring, moving, touching, interesting, satisfying, frightening, amazing等。

①That must be a ______________experience. (terrify) 那肯定是一次可怕的经历。

②The experiment was____________________________. (amaze) 那实验是一个惊人的成功。

Ⅱ. V-ing作状语V-ing （短语）可以在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。

现在分词一般不用作表目的的状语（通常用不定式表目的状语）。

V-ing形式的用法

V-ing形式的用法V-ing形式分为动名词和现在分词。

现在分词（Present Participle）是分词的一种，分词又分为V-ing形式和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质。

一：V-ing形式的三个基本特点:1.在时间上表示动作正在进行。

例如：a developing country. 一个发展中的国家，boiling water 沸水，rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。

（试比较：a developed country 一个发达国家，boiled water 白开水，risen sun 升起的太阳）2. 在语态上表示主动。

例如：the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级。

（试比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级）3. 在含义上表示“令人……”；表示习惯性、抽象性；表示种类、用途。

二：时态与语态主动被动一般式doing Being done完成式having done Having been done三：否定式：所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not1）V-ing形式的时态：V-ing形式本身不能表示具体的时间概念，其动作发生的时间只能是相对于谓语动作发生时间相对而言的。

这一点和不定式用法相同。

A)V-ing形式的一般式：doing表示分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。

或是谓语动作发生时，分词的动作正在发生过程中。

如：Looking back, I found she was washing clothes.She smelt something burning.(smelt发生在burning的过程中。

) 她闻到有东西烧焦了。

She sat on the chair, reading a novel.B)V-ing形式的完成式：having done表示V-ing形式的动作发生在谓语动作之前。

动词ing形式作定语和表语

动词ing形式作定语和表语动词ing形式作定语和表语知识点包括v．ing形式、v.ing作定语、v.ing作表语等部分，有关动词ing形式作定语和表语的详情如下：v．ing形式v．ing形式分为动名词和现在分词两类。

动名词兼有动词和名词的特征，可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语；现在分词兼有动词、形容词和副词的特征，可在句中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。

v.ing作定语1．动名词作定语动名词作定语表示名词的属性或事物的用途，且只能作前置定语。

如：No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.在阅览室里任何人不得大声说话。

There is a swimming pool in our school.我们学校有一个游泳池。

The father is busy in making a walking stick for his son whose leg is broken.那位父亲正在为腿骨折的儿子做拐杖。

2．现在分词作定语现在分词可以作前置定语，也可以作后置定语，表示正在进行的动作或某种状态。

单个现在分词作定语时，常放在所修饰的名词之前；现在分词短语作定语时，常放在所修饰的名词之后。

如：He saw a flying bird.他看到一只飞鸟。

The glow of the setting sun is splendid；it is a pity that dusk isfast approaching.夕阳无限好，只是近黄昏。

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.正与老师讲话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

注意：在下列情况中不能用动词的ing形式作定语，必须使用定语从句：(1)作定语的v.ing形式表示的动作与主句谓语的动作不是同时发生，要使用定语从句。

例如：The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.(×)The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.(√)昨天来的教授将给我们讲课。

ing 形式作定语

-ing 形式作定语, 宾语补足语和表语的用法李笑寒学习材料一、v-ing形式作定语1. 单个v-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能。

如：building materials= materials for building 建筑材料drinking water= water for drinking 饮用水a walking stick= a stick for walking 手杖a reading room= a room for reading 阅览室a writing desk= a desk for writing 写字台2. 说明名词的动作，特征或性质，v-ing 与名词之间是逻辑上的主动关系，可转化为定语从句。

a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleepinga drinking horse= a horse which is drinkinga dancing girl= a girl who is dancingThe man standing there is Peter’s father.= The man who is standing there is Peter’s father.They lived in a room facing the street.= They lived in a room that faces the street.3.v-ing形式作定语，看作是形容词，常翻译为“令人……的”。

a boring speech= a speech that is boringa surprising result= a result that is surprising一个惊人的结果4. v-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。

如：His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.= His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。

V-ing形式(短语)用法

languages. The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.
V-ing形式（短语）做状语
She sat at the desk reading a newspaper. Being ill, she went home. Having finished their work, they had a rest. Feeling tired, she went to bed early.
problem.
V-ing形式（短语）做宾语
He finished reading the book yesterday. I enjoy learning English. I’m looking forward to seeing you again. She suggested doing it in a different way.
V-ing形式（短语）做主语
Telling a lie got him into a great deal of trouble. Surfing is a popular sport along coastal areas. Seeing is believing. It is no use complaining—it doesn’t help solve the
V-ing形式（短语）做宾补
We heard her singsing in her room. You can see them performing every night this week
at the new theatre. We watch the children diving into the water from the

there be句型;v.-ing作定语

there be句型;v.-ing作定语There be句型与v.-ing作定语There be句型和"v.-ing"作定语是英语语法中常见的句法结构。

在英语中，这两种结构都可以用来描述和表达事物的存在、发生或特点。

本文将简要介绍There be句型和"v.-ing"作定语的用法和用途。

一、There be句型1. 什么是There be句型？"There be"句型是英语中常用的描述存在或出现的句型。

它的基本结构是"There + be动词 + 存在的事物"，即表示某地或某处存在某种事物或某种状态。

2. There be句型的基本用法例句1：There is a book on the table.例句2：There are many students in the classroom.从上面的例句可以看出，"There be"句型中的"be"动词的形式取决于主语是单数还是复数。

当主语是单数时，使用"is"；当主语是复数时，使用"are"。

3. There be句型的变体用法除了基本用法外，There be句型还有一些变体用法，根据具体的语境和表达需求可以进行灵活运用。

3.1 There be + 名词的复数形式例句3：There are many books on the shelf.3.2 There be + 名词的不定式或动名词形式例句4：There is a man standing at the door.例句5：There is a car parked in front of the house.3.3 There be + 名词的所有格形式例句6：There is John's bag on the chair.3.4 There be + 名词的数量表示法例句7：There are a lot of people waiting outside.4. There be句型的时态和否定形式There be句型可以根据上下文的需要来使用不同的时态或否定形式。

现在分词（V-ing）作定语和状语

现在分词（V-ing）作定语和状语现在分词(V-ing)作定语和状语语法聚焦(现在分词作定语和状语)课前预习案学习建议：根据所列例句，理解并尝试总结现在分词在句子中的用法。

动词--ing形式作定语和状语I.ing 形式作定语1. 现在分词作前置定语时，在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，也可改成定语从句；如果与所修饰的名词之间没有主谓关系，定语相当于一个介词for引导的短语。

现在分词位于所修饰的名词之后做后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。

如：a listening child= a child who is listening, a walking stick= a stick for walking.2. 现在分词作定语往往表示“令人……”，主动的或正在进行的动作。

如：a moving film, a developing country.II. ing 形式作状语动词-ing形式在句子中做状语，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或者几乎同时发生的，经常可以做时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步状语从句。

句子的主语必须是状语的逻辑主语；而且主语与作状语的分词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系。

1.原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。

1).Being ill, she didn’t go to school today.因为生病，她今天没上学去。

2). Seeing no one at home, I decided to come again.看见没有人在家，我决定再来一趟。

2. 时间状语，相当于when, while等引导的从句。

1).Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.当听到这个好消息时，他高兴地跳了起来。

2).Walking in the street, I saw a friend of mine.当我走在街上时，我看到了我的朋友。

Ving做表语定语及宾补

二、-ing形式作表语表抽象的，一般的行为，表主语的特征、性质和内容。
常用来表特征性质作表语的Ving的有 interesting，surprising， exciting， astonishing, amusing, disappointing,
confusing, inspiring, moving, boring, encouraging, puzzling等
• 2. The film was really_____.We were greatly _____while seeing it.
• A. moving;moving • B. moved;moved • C. moving; moved • D. moved;moving
• 3. —Come on, please give me some
= a stick for walking
a reading room = a room for reading
•表用途
沸水： •boiling water 发展中国家：•a developing country （随风飘落的）叶子：•falling leaves
•表动作正在进行
洗衣机：•a washing machine 跳舞的女士：•a dancing woman
拐杖
•a walking stick
卧铺车
•a sleeping car
跳舞的女孩 •a dancing girl
发展中国家 •developing countries
飘落的叶子 •falling leaves
写字台 •a writing desk
舞厅
•a dancing hall
洗衣机 •a washing machine

非谓语从句和定语从句

非谓语从句和定语从句非谓语从句和定语从句非谓语从句英语中的非是整个当中非常重要的部分，也是学生学习的一个难点。

其实，我们可以从从句的角度来解释非，弄清非谓语动词与从句的关系，这样会使学生对非谓语动词有更好的了解，学习起来更容易。

I. v-ing 形式与从句之间的转换1. v-ing形式作主语可换成that引导的主语从句Tom's knowing English helps him in learning French. That Tom knows English helps him in learning English.Her being out of work was unexpected. That she was out of work was unexpected.2. v-ing形式作宾语或宾补可换成that引导的宾语从句I remember having paid him for his work. I remember that I have paid him for his work.He suggests our making better use of the school library. He suggests that we (should) make better use of the school library.3. v-ing形式作表语可换成that引导的表语从句Our worry is your depending too much on him. Our worry is that you depend too much on him.The question is many people's being trapped in the fire. The question is that many people are trapped in the fire.4. v-ing形式作定语可换成that, who, which引导的定语从句We will study in the house facing south. We will study in the house that / which faces south.The man talking to my teacher is my father. The man who / that is talking to my teacher is my father.5. v-ing形式作状语可换成相应状语从句On arriving there, I will telephone you. As soon as I arrive there, I will telephone you.While waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her. While I was waiting for the bus, I caught sight of her.另外，v-ing形式在句中表伴随或作结果状语，相当于一个并列句，也可和with结构转换。

v-ing形式做表语、定语、宾补

4.At this moment he noticed Robert coming in. 被动句：
Robert was noticed coming in (by him)at... (2)常接动词v-ing做宾语补足语的动词还有使役动词have,keep,get,leave等。
1.I'll have you speaking English in five months.
二、动词v-ing的时态和语态，以teach为例。
语态主动语态时态
被动语态
一般式
teaching
being taught
完成式
having taught having been taught
否定式
not teaching/not having taught
1.一般式的用法一般式所表示的动作或状态与谓语动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生或几乎同时发生。 I enjoy learning English. 我喜欢学英语。 My wife hates smoking. 我妻子憎恨抽烟。 I saw them playing under a big tree. 看见他们正在大树下玩。（同时） Hearing the bad news,Mary burst into tears.(几乎同时发生）
5.He grew more and more popular as his charming character,the little tramp,became known throughout the world.(P18L13) (_定_____语） 6.He walked around stiffly carrying a walking stick. (P18L17) (__定____语） 7.How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining?(P18L20) (__宾__补___语） 8.The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!(P18L30) (__表____语）

v-ing形式的基本用法

v-ing形式的基本用法（1）作主语：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。

Talking is easier than doing.–ing作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置。

如：It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.（2）作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。

She likes drawing very much.；②作某些短语动词的宾语。

Mary is thinking of going back to New York.；③do 限定词（my, some, any, the等）-ing，表示“做…事”之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon.Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon?④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.；⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading.–ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将作宾语的-ing后置，如：We found it no good talking like that.Do you think it necessary trying again?（4）作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate?注：-ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是-ing 短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后，-ing作定语时，被-ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。

高中英语Unit1ⅢGrammar--v.-ing形式作定语和表语教学案

Section ⅢGrammar——v.ing形式作定语和表语v．ing形式作定语和表语v．ing形式在句中作定语和表语是本单元的语法内容。

下面讲述一下它的具体含义和用法。

[观察例句]1．It was great fun walking along the streets，enjoying the relaxing atmosphere！The performances were just amazing.2．And I get lucky money in red envelopes from my parents and relatives，so it's always an exciting time for me.3．Perhaps Thanksgiving.What could be better？Families getting together and eating delicious food，people watching sports games on TV，friends laughing and talking，etc.4．I think it's Christmas.I just can't take my eyes off the shining lights on the Christmas trees everywhere.Lots of smiling faces，and people singing Christmas carols and wishing each other“Merry Christmas！”[归纳用法]一、v.ing形式作定语1．单个动词的ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。

(1)说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。