Grammar动词的ing形式作定语表语和宾语补足语

Grammar 动词的-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语
一、作定语：动词的-ing形式作定语时起下列作用：
1.说明被修饰名词的功能或用途，这时，一般是单个v.-ing 而不是短语，放在被修饰的名词前面。

可以转换成“for + v.-ing”短语修饰该名词。

这时的v.-ing是动名词。

e.g. a sleeping bag = a bag for sleeping 睡袋
a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室
a drinking cup = a cup for drinking饮用杯
a writing desk = a desk for writing写字台
a washing machine 洗衣机
a swimming pool 游泳池
a dancing hall 舞厅
2.说明名词的动作、特征、或性质。

这时的v.-ing 是现在分词，它与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系。

①单个的现在分词作定语时放在被修饰名词的前面，常可转换成定语从句。

e.g. a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping
a drinking horse = a horse which is drinking
a moving story = a story which moves people
a terrifying sound = a sound which terrifies people
an inspiring leader = a leader who inspires people
②现在分词短语作定语时要后置，即放在被修饰名词的后面。

常可转换成定语从句。

e.g. The girl swimming in the river (who is swimming in the river) is good at dancing.
Do you know the man standing / (who is standing ) at the door?
The boy studying / (who is studying) in the classroom is our monitor.
＊作定语用的v.-ing 是动名词还是现在分词并不重要。

重要的是要掌握v.-ing 做定语的用法。

实际上，当代一些著名语法专家已把动名词和现在分词统称为v.-ing 分词而不予细分了。

二、作表语：动词的-ing 形式作表语时起下列作用：
1.说明主语的内容，可换到句首做主语。

这时的v-ing 形式是动名词。

e.g. The real problem is getting to know the needs of people.
Her job is teaching children to dance. = Teaching children to dance is her job.
2.说明主语的特征。

这时的v.-ing 形式是现在分词。

它与主语是逻辑上的主动关系，
意思是“使人...... 的”
e.g. The situation is encouraging.
What he said just now is confusing. (confuse).
The news is shocking. (shock).
能这样用的现在分词最常见的还有：astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising, charming, exciting, missing, puzzling, frightening...
三、作宾语补足语：动词的-v.-ing形式能跟在宾语后面，对其作补充说明，因此称为宾语补足语，通常简称为“宾补”。

1. 这时的v.-ing 形式是现在分词，它与宾语是逻辑上的主动关系。

e.g. When I arrived at the reading room, I found many students reading carefully there.
Children like to watch the PLA men training (train) on the drill-ground.
Don’t you see a girl running (run) towards us?
2.动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，主要用于以下两类动词后：
①表示感觉和心理状态的动词：see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, listen to, notice, observe 等。

e.g. When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.
Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window.
＊在see, hear, feel, watch等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式作宾补，也可以用省略to 的不定式作宾补。

用动词的-ing 形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略to 的不定式时，表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。

e.g. I saw a boy getting on the bus. (表示动作正在进行)
I saw a boy get on the bus. （表示动作的完成了）
Do you hear someone knocking (knock) at the door? ( 表示动作正在进行)
I heard someone knock at the door three times. ( 表示完整的动作)
②表示使意义的使役动词：(have, let, keep, get, leave...) + sb./sth. + doing sth.
e.g. We kept the fire burning all night long.
I won’t have you running about in the room.
[语法专练]
I. 句型转换
1. Do you know the boy who lies under the tree?
. Do you know the boy lying under the tree?
2.The picture that hangs on the wall is painted by my nephew.
. The picture hanging on the wall is painted by my nephew.
3.We can see that steam is rising from the wet clothes.
. We can see steam rising from the wet clothes.
4.Not until Jane got off the bus did she find her wallet was missing.
. Not until Jane got off the bus did she find her wallet missing.
5.Frank is very good at telling funny jokes. We are amused by him.
. Frank is very good at telling funny jokes. He can be very amusing.
II. 用括号所给词的正确形式填空。

1.Do you know the name of the play being put on (put on) now?
2.Her job is keeping (keep) the lecture hall as clean as possible.
3.Returning (return) to my apartment, I found my bag missing. (miss).
4.Did you hear the dog downstairs barking (bark) for most of the night?
5.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking (smoke) in the kitchen.
6.Helen had to shout to make (make) herself heard (hear) above the sound of the music.
7.The bell indicating(indicate) the end of the period rang, interrupting(interrupt) our heated discussion
8.The volleyball match was so exciting (excite) that we all got excited (excite) after watching it.
9.We heard then quarreling (quarrel)about money after the concert. They looked very angry.
10.The villagers saw the fire burning(burn) brightly in the distance. When they hurried there, they found some houses burned/burnt (burn) to the ground already.
11.I don’t see anyone take (take) away your paper. It might have been flown by the wind.
12.During the days to come (come) we’ll make food preparations for the sports meeting,
13.Einstein was on of the greatest scientist respected (respect) by the people.
14.We were all very surprised (surprise) at the news. I found it very surprising.
15.He gave us an inspiring (inspire) speech. We were all inspired (inspire).
III. 单句改错
1.I was confusing by his strange questions.
confused
2.The dish smelt good was cooked by my mother.
Smelling
3.The boy went home, sad with his money stealing.
stolen
4.He was so thirsty that he drank a lot of boiling water.
boiled
5.Looking at his exciting look, I knew he hadn’t calmed himself down.
excited
6.I am looking forward to visit Charlie Chaplin Museum in Switzerland next week.
visiting
7.Charlie’s nonverbal humor often makes people bursting with laughter.
burst。