B4 unit3 Grammar v-ing作表语、定语和宾语补足语的用法
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going on.
1.With time passing（pass） by， I miss my old friend very much.
2.Despite facing （face）many problems， we should work our ways to solve them.
典型例题
a degree in computer science.
A. studied
B. studying
C. to have studied D. to be studying
典型例题
Last night, there were millions of people w__a_tc_h_i_n_g(watch) the opening ceremony live on TV. 【解析】因为动词watch与前面的名词 millions of people构成逻辑上的主动关系， 所以使用现在分词做定语。本句中的 watching the opening ceremony live on TV相 当于定语从句who were watching the opening ceremony live on TV.同时本句只是 一个简单句，已经有了一个主谓结构了。
注意
see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式 和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
We heard the telephone ring. We heard the telephone ringing.
前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调） 动作的全过程。
I smell something _A__ on the kitchen. Can I call
now is very important. ＊ The farmers _w__o_rk_i_n_g__ (work) in the
fields are tired.
作宾语补足语
I heard the girl singing in the classroom. I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open. The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.
monitor.
不定式与现在分词作定语的区别:主要表现在时态上 不定式作定语通常指将来的动作. 现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行.
eg. He has two letters to write. Do you know the man sitting at the desk ?
He is a student at Oxford University,__B___ for
动词-ing形式作宾补
1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面， 表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强一个 过程或一种状态。
When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.
2. 当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足 语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 They found the film very exciting. = The film is found very exciting.
能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词： 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。
I felt somebody standing behind me. 2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. Leave him sleeping, he works for the whole night.
The missing boy was last seen p_l_a_y_i_n_g (play) near the bank of the lake.
解析：was last seen playing表示被看见时 正在玩。
David got well-prepared for the university
The film we saw last night is quite moving. His words are encouraging.
注意
V-ing形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是不 定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语是Ving形式时，表语也用V-ing形式。
To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.
John has really got the job because he
showed me the official letter ______ (offer)
it.
offering him
约翰真的已经得到了这份工作，因为他给 我展示了给他提供这份工作的公函。
解析：提供某物给某人为“offer sb. sth.”， 故offer与the official letter之间存在逻辑上 的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定 语修饰其前的名词。
动词-ing形式作定语
We must improve our working method. They set up an operating table in a small temple.
China is a developing country. The student making the experiment is our
B. to be read
C. reading
D. being read
作定语
a developing country ＝ a country which is developing a sleeping boy＝ a boy who is sleeping China is a developing country. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang. The man who was talking with my father is…
you back in a minute ? A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
3）在with/despite结构中 1.With so many people looking at her, she felt
nervous. 2.I couldn’t do my homework with the noice
interview for he couldn’t risk the good opportunity _b_e_in_g__lo_s_t(lose). 解析： 句意：戴维为大学面试做了充分准备， 因为他不能冒险失去这个好机会。risk 后用 动名词形式，机会是被失去，故用被动语态， the good opportunity being lost 是动名词的复 合结构做宾语。
C. interested; be interesting
D. interesting; interest
--- What do you think of the book?
--- Oh, excellent. It’s worth __C__ a second time. (1989全国)
A. to read
practice
☆ Teaching is __l_e_a_r_n_i_n_g_.
教学相长．
☆ My hobby is _m__a_k_i_n_g___ (make) model
planes.
☆ What worried the chi表ld 被mo动st was
_n_o_t_b__e_in__g_a_l_l_o_w(endot, allow) to visit his
动名词和不定式作表语的区别：
动名词作表语表示一般或抽象的行为； 不定式作表语往往表示具体的某次动作,特别是 将来的动作时,多用不定式. eg. My favourite hobby is jogging.
His idea is to give up the plan.
现在进行时着重强调动作正在进行. eg. He is cleaning the window.
When we watched the national flabgei_n_g__r_a_ised
＊The girl s_t_a__n_d__i_n_g_ (stand) there is my sister .
＊This is a piece of s_u__rp_r_i_s_in_g__
表被动
(surprise) news. ＊The problem _b_e_in__g_d_i_s_c_u_s_s_e_d(discuss)
mother in the hospital.
It is believed that if a book is ____, it will
surely ____ the reader. (2003上海)
A. interested; interest
D
B. interesting; be interested
V-ing作表语、定语和宾语补足 语的用法
语态 主动形式 被动形式
时态
一般式 (not) doing (not) being done
完成式 (not)
(not)
having done having been done
作表语
My job is teaching. = Teaching is my job. Her full-time job is laying eggs.=Laying eggs
than ever before.
Laura was away in Paris for over a week.
When she got home, there was a pile of mail _w__a_it_i_n_g__ (wait) for her.
解析：考查非谓语动词。此题there be句 型பைடு நூலகம்主语mail后接后置定语，wait与 mail间为主动关系，且wait这个动作正 在进行，故填waiting，现在分词。
Mr. Smith, _t_i_r_ed__ (tire) of theb_o_r_in_g__ (bore)
speech, started to read a novel. 解析：此题考查现在分词与过去分词的区别。 tired, moved, interested, excited等过去分词 叙述的是人的本身感受；tiring, moving, interesting, exciting等现在分词叙述的是事 物或事情给予人的感受。
Toady there are more airplanes _c_a_r_r_y_in_g
(carry) more people than ever before in
the skies.
【解析】本题查看的是非谓语动词中的 分词做定语用法。动词carry与前面的名 词airplanes构成逻辑上的主动关系，所 以使用现在分词短语carrying more people than ever before在句中做定语。 相当于短语从句which carry more people
is her full-time job.
The play is exciting. The story he told us was very interesting.
一、动词-ing形式作表语
Our greatest happiness is serving the people. Our task is building socialism.
1.With time passing（pass） by， I miss my old friend very much.
2.Despite facing （face）many problems， we should work our ways to solve them.
典型例题
a degree in computer science.
A. studied
B. studying
C. to have studied D. to be studying
典型例题
Last night, there were millions of people w__a_tc_h_i_n_g(watch) the opening ceremony live on TV. 【解析】因为动词watch与前面的名词 millions of people构成逻辑上的主动关系， 所以使用现在分词做定语。本句中的 watching the opening ceremony live on TV相 当于定语从句who were watching the opening ceremony live on TV.同时本句只是 一个简单句，已经有了一个主谓结构了。
注意
see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式 和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
We heard the telephone ring. We heard the telephone ringing.
前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调） 动作的全过程。
I smell something _A__ on the kitchen. Can I call
now is very important. ＊ The farmers _w__o_rk_i_n_g__ (work) in the
fields are tired.
作宾语补足语
I heard the girl singing in the classroom. I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open. The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.
monitor.
不定式与现在分词作定语的区别:主要表现在时态上 不定式作定语通常指将来的动作. 现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行.
eg. He has two letters to write. Do you know the man sitting at the desk ?
He is a student at Oxford University,__B___ for
动词-ing形式作宾补
1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面， 表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强一个 过程或一种状态。
When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.
2. 当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足 语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 They found the film very exciting. = The film is found very exciting.
能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词： 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。
I felt somebody standing behind me. 2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. Leave him sleeping, he works for the whole night.
The missing boy was last seen p_l_a_y_i_n_g (play) near the bank of the lake.
解析：was last seen playing表示被看见时 正在玩。
David got well-prepared for the university
The film we saw last night is quite moving. His words are encouraging.
注意
V-ing形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是不 定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语是Ving形式时，表语也用V-ing形式。
To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.
John has really got the job because he
showed me the official letter ______ (offer)
it.
offering him
约翰真的已经得到了这份工作，因为他给 我展示了给他提供这份工作的公函。
解析：提供某物给某人为“offer sb. sth.”， 故offer与the official letter之间存在逻辑上 的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定 语修饰其前的名词。
动词-ing形式作定语
We must improve our working method. They set up an operating table in a small temple.
China is a developing country. The student making the experiment is our
B. to be read
C. reading
D. being read
作定语
a developing country ＝ a country which is developing a sleeping boy＝ a boy who is sleeping China is a developing country. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang. The man who was talking with my father is…
you back in a minute ? A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt
3）在with/despite结构中 1.With so many people looking at her, she felt
nervous. 2.I couldn’t do my homework with the noice
interview for he couldn’t risk the good opportunity _b_e_in_g__lo_s_t(lose). 解析： 句意：戴维为大学面试做了充分准备， 因为他不能冒险失去这个好机会。risk 后用 动名词形式，机会是被失去，故用被动语态， the good opportunity being lost 是动名词的复 合结构做宾语。
C. interested; be interesting
D. interesting; interest
--- What do you think of the book?
--- Oh, excellent. It’s worth __C__ a second time. (1989全国)
A. to read
practice
☆ Teaching is __l_e_a_r_n_i_n_g_.
教学相长．
☆ My hobby is _m__a_k_i_n_g___ (make) model
planes.
☆ What worried the chi表ld 被mo动st was
_n_o_t_b__e_in__g_a_l_l_o_w(endot, allow) to visit his
动名词和不定式作表语的区别：
动名词作表语表示一般或抽象的行为； 不定式作表语往往表示具体的某次动作,特别是 将来的动作时,多用不定式. eg. My favourite hobby is jogging.
His idea is to give up the plan.
现在进行时着重强调动作正在进行. eg. He is cleaning the window.
When we watched the national flabgei_n_g__r_a_ised
＊The girl s_t_a__n_d__i_n_g_ (stand) there is my sister .
＊This is a piece of s_u__rp_r_i_s_in_g__
表被动
(surprise) news. ＊The problem _b_e_in__g_d_i_s_c_u_s_s_e_d(discuss)
mother in the hospital.
It is believed that if a book is ____, it will
surely ____ the reader. (2003上海)
A. interested; interest
D
B. interesting; be interested
V-ing作表语、定语和宾语补足 语的用法
语态 主动形式 被动形式
时态
一般式 (not) doing (not) being done
完成式 (not)
(not)
having done having been done
作表语
My job is teaching. = Teaching is my job. Her full-time job is laying eggs.=Laying eggs
than ever before.
Laura was away in Paris for over a week.
When she got home, there was a pile of mail _w__a_it_i_n_g__ (wait) for her.
解析：考查非谓语动词。此题there be句 型பைடு நூலகம்主语mail后接后置定语，wait与 mail间为主动关系，且wait这个动作正 在进行，故填waiting，现在分词。
Mr. Smith, _t_i_r_ed__ (tire) of theb_o_r_in_g__ (bore)
speech, started to read a novel. 解析：此题考查现在分词与过去分词的区别。 tired, moved, interested, excited等过去分词 叙述的是人的本身感受；tiring, moving, interesting, exciting等现在分词叙述的是事 物或事情给予人的感受。
Toady there are more airplanes _c_a_r_r_y_in_g
(carry) more people than ever before in
the skies.
【解析】本题查看的是非谓语动词中的 分词做定语用法。动词carry与前面的名 词airplanes构成逻辑上的主动关系，所 以使用现在分词短语carrying more people than ever before在句中做定语。 相当于短语从句which carry more people
is her full-time job.
The play is exciting. The story he told us was very interesting.
一、动词-ing形式作表语
Our greatest happiness is serving the people. Our task is building socialism.