B4 unit3 Grammar v-ing作表语、定语和宾语补足语的用法
book4_unit3__V-ing做表语_定语_宾语补足语_语法答案
book4_unit3__V-ing做表语_定语_宾语补⾜语_语法答案⾼中英语（⼈教版）Book4 Unit3 A Taste of English HumourGrammar: V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补⾜语★学习⽬标1.知识⽬标：掌握V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补⾜语的基本⽤法。
2.技能⽬标：在专项练习中灵活运⽤所学规则。
3.情感⽬标：通过学习V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补⾜语的基本⽤法，让学⽣丰富句⼦内容，提⾼学⽣学习英语的兴趣。
★重点和难点1. 重点：V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补⾜语的基本⽤法；2. 难点：在做题中能够区分V-ing, done 和to do .V-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补⾜语⼀、V-ing形式作定语1. 单个v-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前⾯。
①表⽰被修饰名词的⽤途或功能a walking stick (=a stick for walking) ⼿杖 a reading room 阅览室a washing machine 洗⾐机游泳池 a swimming pool②表⽰正在进⾏的动作a sleeping child (= a child who is sleeping ) 正在睡觉的孩⼦正在升起的太阳 a rising sun2. V-ing短语作定语须位于被修饰的名词后⾯。
The student making the experiment(=who is making the experiment) is our monitor.正在做实验的那个学⽣是我们的班长。
汉译英: 正与⽼师谈话的⼈是我的叔叔。
The man speaking to the teacher is my uncle.3. 注意：现在分词，过去分词和不定式做定语的区别是：现在分词表正在主动或进⾏意义；过去分词表⽰被动或完成意义；不定式表⽰将要发⽣的动作。
汉译英：（2）⽤过的书used books ⼀颗倒下的树 a fallen tree（3）我很多⼯作要做。
【免费下载】4 Unit 3 Grammar 动名词作表语定语宾语补足语
Book 4 Unit 3 Grammar动词-ing作表语、定语、宾语补足语一、动词-ing作表语动词-ing作表语，一般表示比较抽象的、习惯性的、经常性的动作，或表示主语的性质、特征和状态。
Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。
My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。
The film is quite moving. 这电影很感人。
★常用来作表语的动词-ing有：astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。
二、动词-ing作定语1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态。
如：drinking water 饮用水 a walking stick 手杖a reading room 阅览室 a writing desk 写字台2. -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
如：They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street.他们住在一间面朝街的房子。
The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father.站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。
3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。
如：His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.= His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。
B4U3 Grammar 动名词做表语、定语和宾补
V-ing形式作表语、定语和宾补
一、作表语 1.V-ing形式作表语，并表示主语的内容时系动词 是be，此时表语和主语可以互换。如： His dream is being rich (= Being rich is his dream).
2.一些表示“令人…的”动词-ing形式可作表语， 这时系动词除了be, 还可以是become, get, look, seem, appear, sound, feel, keep等。 如：Mr. Bean seems amusing in the show! You idea of camping sounds exciting!
2. 介词with后也可接动词-ing形式作宾补, 如： He left home with the water boiling.
练一练: 按括号内提示完成句子
1.The missing ______(miss) boy was last seen ______(play) near the bank of the lake. playing 2. We cheered as we watched the national flag ____________ being raised (raise) in the Olympic Games on TV. tired 3. Mr Smith, ______(tire) of the boring ______ (bore) speech, started to read a novel. 4. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long 让您等这么长 ______________________( 时间)
(教学指导)Unit4SectionⅢGrammar动词-ing形式作定语和状语Word版含解析
动词–ing形式作定语和状语语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟①Yesterday，another student and I，representingour university's student association，went to theCapital International Airport to meet this year'sinternational students.②I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.③Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling，together with George Cook from Canada.④Just at that moment，however，Akira bowed so his nose touched George's moving hand.⑤In the same way that people communicate with spoken language，they also express their feelings using unspoken “language” through physical distance，actions or posture. 1.黑体部分在句中作伴随状语的是①②③⑤。
2.观察①②③⑤句可知现在分词的逻辑主语都是句子的主语。
3.句④现在分词作定语。
主语、定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语动词–ing形式的基本形式如下：主动语态被动语态一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done学生们走在街上，又说又笑。
Having worked for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.已经忙活了两天，史蒂夫设法按时完成了他的报告。
必修四unit3grammarv-ing做宾补、定语和表语
动词-ing做主语和宾语
动名词 做主语
1动词-ing形式作主语的句型
•位于句首 •it作形式主语，而将其v-ing移后
2 there be 句式中的v-ing形式
3 v-ing形式和to do 不定式作主语的区 别
1.作主语时通常有两种位置：一种是位于句首； 另一种是it 作形式主语，而将v.-ing 移至后面。
3. 动词forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, can't help后跟动名词和跟不定式区别较大，须
注意。
forget, regret, remember后跟动名词，
动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式
表示将要发生的动作。
2.使役动词set, keep, have 等
1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾 语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的 动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。
当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站 在大门口。 When we returned to the school, we found a stranger_s_ta_n_d_i_n_g__a_t _th__e_g_a_te.
• 那老板让工人整夜地工作。
• The boss kept the workers _w_o_r_k_i_n_g_a_l_l_n_i_g_h_t_______.
• 别让让他在外边雨中等待。
• Don't leave him _w_a_i_ti_n_g_o_u__ts_i_d_e_i_n_t_h_e_r_a_i_n.
【考例】
— Let's have a rest． — Not now．I don't want to stop __________ yet．（MET 1985）
动词ing 定语 表语 宾语补主语
必修四Unit 3 语法动词ing ---作表语.定语.宾语补足语动词ing形式是动词的一种谓语形式，有动词原形加ing构成，包括现在分词和动名词。
可以在句子中用作主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，状语和定语。
一.用作表语。
1. 表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语。
多表示一般性或抽象行为。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job。
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。
3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging,inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。
The news is quite astonishing. 这个消息令人吃惊。
全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。
What worries me most is her staying too late every night. 是我最担心的是，她每天都工作很晚。
(staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her)动词-ing形式作表语与进行时态的区别：进行时态表示主语正在做什么，而动词-ing形式作表语只是说明主语的特性或情况。
Mike is listening to music.迈克正在听音乐。
（当前正在进行的动作）Mike’s favorite hobby is listening to music. 迈克最大的爱好的听音乐（说明主语的情况）二. 作定语1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。
Grammar动词的ing形式作定语表语和宾语补足语
Grammar 动词的-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语一、作定语：动词的-ing形式作定语时起下列作用：1.说明被修饰名词的功能或用途，这时，一般是单个v.-ing 而不是短语，放在被修饰的名词前面。
可以转换成“for + v.-ing”短语修饰该名词。
这时的v.-ing是动名词。
e.g. a sleeping bag = a bag for sleeping 睡袋a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室a drinking cup = a cup for drinking饮用杯a writing desk = a desk for writing写字台a washing machine 洗衣机a swimming pool 游泳池a dancing hall 舞厅2.说明名词的动作、特征、或性质。
这时的v.-ing 是现在分词，它与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系。
①单个的现在分词作定语时放在被修饰名词的前面，常可转换成定语从句。
e.g. a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleepinga drinking horse = a horse which is drinkinga moving story = a story which moves peoplea terrifying sound = a sound which terrifies peoplean inspiring leader = a leader who inspires people②现在分词短语作定语时要后置，即放在被修饰名词的后面。
常可转换成定语从句。
e.g. The girl swimming in the river (who is swimming in the river) is good at dancing.Do you know the man standing / (who is standing ) at the door?The boy studying / (who is studying) in the classroom is our monitor.＊作定语用的v.-ing 是动名词还是现在分词并不重要。
必修四 Unit 3 Grammar 现在分词作表语,定语,宾语补足语
5.(2012江西) John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter ________ him it. A. offered C．to offer B．offering D．to be offered
6.(2012辽宁)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them.
The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father.
b. 表示经常性的动作或某种状态 (变为从句时 用一般时态)
They lived in a room facing the south.
We saw him cross the road..
我们看见他正在过马路.
We saw him crossing the road..
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以 填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The next thing he saw was smoke _____ from behind the house. (2011新 课标全国卷) A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen
Look at the examples below, paying attention to the underlined parts. Here the –ing form is used as the object complement, predicative, attribute.
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C. interested; be interesting
D. interesting; interest
--- What do you think of the book?
--- Oh, excellent. It’s worth __C__ a second time. (1989全国)
A. to read
＊The girl s_t_a__n_d__i_n_g_ (stand) there is my sister .
＊This is a piece of s_u__rp_r_i_s_in_g__
表被动
(surprise) news. ＊The problem _b_e_in__g_d_i_s_c_u_s_s_e_d(discuss)
动词-ing形式作宾补
1. 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面， 表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强一个 过程或一种状态。
When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.
2. 当主句转换为被动结构时，原来作宾语补足 语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。 They found the film very exciting. = The film is found very exciting.
Toady there are more airplanes _c_a_r_r_y_in_g
(carry) more people than ever before in
the skies.
【解析】本题查看的是非谓语动词中的 分词做定语用法。动词carry与前面的名 词airplanes构成逻辑上的主动关系，所 以使用现在分词短语carrying more people than ever before在句中做定语。 相当于短语从句which carry more people
going on.
1.With time passing（pass） by， I miss my old friend very much.
2.Despite facing （face）many problems， we should work our ways to solve them.
典型例题
动名词和不定式作表语的区别：
动名词作表语表示一般或抽象的行为； 不定式作表语往往表示具体的某次动作,特别是 将来的动作时,多用不定式. eg. My favourite hobby is jogging.
His idea is to give up the plan.
现在进行时着重强调动作正在进行. eg. He is cleaning the window.
practice
☆ Teaching is __l_e_a_r_n_i_n_g_.
教学相长．
☆ My hobby is _m__a_k_i_n_g___ (make) model
planes.
☆ What worried the chi表ld 被mo动st was
_n_o_t_b__e_in__g_a_l_l_o_w(endot, allow) to visit his
B. to be read
C. reading
D. being read
作定语
a developing country ＝ a country which is developing a sleeping boy＝ a boy who is sleeping China is a developing country. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang. The man who was talking with my father is…
动词-ing形式作定语 They set up an operating table in a small temple.
China is a developing country. The student making the experiment is our
John has really got the job because he
showed me the official letter ______ (offer)
it.
offering him
约翰真的已经得到了这份工作，因为他给 我展示了给他提供这份工作的公函。
解析：提供某物给某人为“offer sb. sth.”， 故offer与the official letter之间存在逻辑上 的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定 语修饰其前的名词。
When we watched the national flabgei_n_g__r_a_ised
than ever before.
Laura was away in Paris for over a week.
When she got home, there was a pile of mail _w__a_it_i_n_g__ (wait) for her.
解析：考查非谓语动词。此题there be句 型的主语mail后接后置定语，wait与 mail间为主动关系，且wait这个动作正 在进行，故填waiting，现在分词。
monitor.
不定式与现在分词作定语的区别:主要表现在时态上 不定式作定语通常指将来的动作. 现在分词作定语表示动作正在进行.
eg. He has two letters to write. Do you know the man sitting at the desk ?
He is a student at Oxford University,__B___ for
The film we saw last night is quite moving. His words are encouraging.
注意
V-ing形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是不 定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语是Ving形式时，表语也用V-ing形式。
To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.
V-ing作表语、定语和宾语补足 语的用法
语态 主动形式 被动形式
时态
一般式 (not) doing (not) being done
完成式 (not)
(not)
having done having been done
作表语
My job is teaching. = Teaching is my job. Her full-time job is laying eggs.=Laying eggs
now is very important. ＊ The farmers _w__o_rk_i_n_g__ (work) in the
fields are tired.
作宾语补足语
I heard the girl singing in the classroom. I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open. The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest.
mother in the hospital.
It is believed that if a book is ____, it will
surely ____ the reader. (2003上海)
A. interested; interest
D
B. interesting; be interested
The missing boy was last seen p_l_a_y_i_n_g (play) near the bank of the lake.
解析：was last seen playing表示被看见时 正在玩。
David got well-prepared for the university
a degree in computer science.
A. studied
B. studying
C. to have studied D. to be studying
典型例题
Last night, there were millions of people w__a_tc_h_i_n_g(watch) the opening ceremony live on TV. 【解析】因为动词watch与前面的名词 millions of people构成逻辑上的主动关系， 所以使用现在分词做定语。本句中的 watching the opening ceremony live on TV相 当于定语从句who were watching the opening ceremony live on TV.同时本句只是 一个简单句，已经有了一个主谓结构了。
is her full-time job.
The play is exciting. The story he told us was very interesting.
一、动词-ing形式作表语
Our greatest happiness is serving the people. Our task is building socialism.
能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词： 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。
I felt somebody standing behind me. 2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。 I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. Leave him sleeping, he works for the whole night.