高级口译专八阅读文化常识必读

Socrates 苏格拉底：Dialogues <谈话录 > 他坚持的观点是人类的美德是一种知识，因此一切 恶行都是无知的结果。

Plato 柏拉图：Dialogues 对话录 / the Apo logy / Symp osium (deali ng with beauty and love) / the Republic

Plato ' pSiilosophy is called idealism 理想主义,唯心论.

Aristotle 亚里斯多德：Ethics 伦理学 / Politics / Poetics 诗论 / Rhetoric 修辞学

重点 What should be man 'saim in life? Aristotle 'ansswer was happiness, but not happines s in the vulgar sense, but something that could only be achieved by leading a life of reaso n, good ness and contemp lati on 沉思.

Dioge nes 第欧根尼：希腊哲学家，哲学犬儒学派奠基人，强调自我控制和推崇善行。说他曾 提着灯在雅典大街漫步寻找诚实的人 ,decided to live like a dog and the word — cynic mea

高级口译和专八阅读以及文化常识必读。想过专八的同学和想过高口的同学，本文当成扫盲 课， 每周温习一遍。坚持 3 个月，成人文专家。

1、 Two major elements in European culture: the Greco-Roman/ Judeo-Christian

2、 ople

hich Democracy means: — exerciser power by the whole people II but by — thewhole pe II the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens, and citizenship was a set of rights w a man inherited from his father, women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded, they have no rights.

3、 4、

Homer epics ： the Iliad / the Odyssey Drama developed in the 5th century B.C Tragedian 悲剧作家 Aeschylus 希腊的悲剧诗人埃斯库罗斯 一P rometheus 普罗米修斯 bou nd/ Persia ns / Agamem non 阿伽门农，特洛伊战争中希腊军队的统帅

Sop hocles — Oedi pus ［希神］俄狄浦斯 the king / Electra / An tig one ［希神］安提歌尼（底比斯 王俄狄普斯之女 , 因违抗禁令而自杀身亡 ） Euripides 欧里庇得斯（希腊的悲剧诗人）一Andromache / Medea 美狄亚（希腊神话中科尔喀斯 国王之女, 以巫术著称 , 曾帮助过伊阿宋取得金羊毛 ） / Trojan 特洛伊 women Comedist 喜剧作家 Aristophanes — Frogs / clouds / Birds wasps 5、 Philosophy

6、 Cynics 犬儒主义 P29

ns — dog in Greek, he rejected all conventions - whether of religion, of manners, dress, ho using, food, or of decency.

The year 27 B.C divided the history of Rome in to two p eriods: before the n, Romehad bee n a republic, in that year, Octavius took supreme power as emperor with the title of Augustu s. Two centuries later, the Roman empire reached its greatest extend, encircling the Mediter ranean 地中海 ,reaching Scotland in the north and spreading into Armenia and

Mesopotami a in the east. The emperors relied on a strong army —the famous Roman Legions 古罗马军 团（约有3000至6000步兵,辅以数百名骑兵）and an efficient bureaucracy 官僚机构to exert t heir rule, which was facilitated by a well developed system of roads. Thus the

Roman enjo yed a long period of peace lasting two hundred years, a remarkable phenomenon in history know as the pax Roman 罗马帝国统治下的和平.

Virgil 维吉尔（古罗马诗人，公元前70-公元前19）

greatest of Latin poets, wrote the great epic,作品 the Aeneid 《埃涅伊德》.

The 全书

and the new Testament. The former is about God and the laws of God; the latter, th e doctri ne 教义 of Jesus Christ, the word " Testame n f means — agreeme nt l amely the agre eme nt betwee n God and man.

10、 Rise of Christianity P73

At the heart of Christianity is the life of Jesus: how he lived and died to redeem 救赎 the whole huma n race.

Why Jesus be crucified 十字架钉死？

Jesus propagated 传播 the faith about God — men should believe in God and love him and b ehave like God schildre n and love ano ther. — every ones equal I before God.

In AD 30, in Galilee, Jesus was regarded as 被认作 a dangerous man that threaten the cliq ue 派系 in

po wer.

At the end of

three years, he went with his disci pies 信徒 to Jerusalem 耳 0 路撒冷

ucified

Translations of the Bible P86

Aramaic dialect 亚拉姆语

Hebrew 希伯莱

7、 Roman history P38

The 9、

About Bible P52

Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the old Testament 旧约 for the Passover 逾越节,but was betrayed by Juda. Jesus was rushed to trial and cr as a revolutionary preacher and dangerous reformer.

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