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1993年考研英语试题及参考答案（1）

1993考研英语阅读详解

What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially,
the capacity to survive is seriously affected.
Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are
[C] to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak
[D] to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language
century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother
tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.
All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here.
hard once the critical stage has passed.
Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.

木糖英语之1993年考研英语真题解析答案

1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyIn each sentence, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points)1. The board deemed it urgent that these files ________ right away.[A] had to be printed[B] should have been printed[C] must be printed[D] should be printed2. The local health organization is reported ________ twenty-five years ago whenDr. Audon became its first president.[A] to be set up[B] being set up[C] to have been set up[D] having been set up3. The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers________ for.[A] be demonstrating[B] demonstrate[C] had been demonstrating[D] have demonstrated4. Ted has told me that he always escapes ________ as he has got a very fast sportscar.[A] to fine[B] to be fined[C] being fined[D] having been fined5. More than one third of the Chinese in the United States live in California,________ in San Francisco.[A] previously[B] predominantly[D] permanently6. Prof. Lee’s book will show you ________ can be used in other contexts.[A] that you have observed[B] that how you have observed[C] how that you have observed[D] how what you have observed7. All flights ________ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.[A] were canceled[B] had been canceled[C] having canceled[D] having been canceled8. The new secretary has written a remarkably ________ report only in a few pagesbut with all the details.[A] concise[B] clear[C] precise[D] elaborate9. With prices ________ so much, it’s hard for the company to plan a budget.[A] fluctuating[B] waving[C] swinging[D] vibrating10. Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to ________ healthy.[A] preserve[B] stay[C] maintain[D] reserve11. Expected noises are usually more ________ than unexpected ones of the likemagnitude.[A] manageable[B] controllable[D] perceivable12. It isn’t so much whether he works hard; the question is whether he works________.[A] above all[B] in all[C] at all[D] after all13. There is an incorrect assumption among scientists and medical people thateveryone agrees ________ what constitutes a benefit to an individual.[A] on[B] with[C] to[D] in14. All the information we have collected in relation to that case ________ verylittle.[A] makes up for[B] adds up to[C] comes up with[D] puts up with15. A really powerful speaker can ________ the feelings of the audience to the feverof excitement.[A] work out[B] work over[C] work at[D] work up16. Before the students set off, they spent much time setting a limit ________ theexpenses of the trip.[A] to[B] about[C] in[D] for17. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the ________of maturity.[A] fulfillment[B] achievement[C] establishment[D] accomplishment18. From the tears in Nedra’s eyes we can deduce that s omething sad ________.[A] must have occurred[B] would have occurred[C] might be occurring[D] should occur19. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting ________ you don’t mindtaking the night train.[A] provided[B] unless[C] though[D] until20. Hardly a month goes by without ________ of another survey revealing new depthsof scientific illiteracy among U.S. citizens.[A] words[B] a word[C] the word[D] word21. If you ________ Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on theright was strange.[A] shouldn’t contact[B] didn’t contact[C] weren’t to contact[D] hadn’t contacted22. Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which ________them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.[A] deprives[B] restricts[C] rejects23. I must go now. ________, if you want that book I’ll bring it next time.[A] Incidentally[B] Accidentally[C] Occasionally[D] Subsequently24. There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, ________ theycan limit how much water you drink.[A] much more than[B] no more than[C] no less than[D] any more than25. Though ________ in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to recordthe plain facts of small-town life.[A] raised[B] grown[C] developed[D] cultivated26. Most electronic devices of this kind, ________ manufactured for such purposes,are tightly packed.[A] that are[B] as are[C] which is[D] it is27. As for the winter, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of ________ furnacefuel is allowed saved for the dawn.[A] what[B] that[C] which[D] such28. Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is nota mysterious ________ without scientific basic.[A] process[C] procedure[D] program29. We cannot always ________ the wind, so new windmills should be so designed thatthey can also be driven by water.[A] hang on[B] count on[C] hold on[D] come on30. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause ________ of vegetablesin the coming days.[A] rarity[B] scarcity[C] invalidity[D] varietySection II Reading ComprehensionEach of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (30 points)Text 1Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of life especially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some children are still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitive periods are neglected, the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at aconstant age, but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words. At three he knows about 1,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is special about man’s brain, compare d with that of the monkey, is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern “toy-bear.” And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him, to analyze, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child, where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling (咿呀学语), grasping and smiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.31. The purpose of Frederick II’s experiment was ________.[A] to prove that children are born with the ability to speak[B] to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any humanspeech[C] to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child tospeak[D] to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language32. The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that________.[A] they are incapable of learning language rapidly[B] they are exposed to too much language at once[C] their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak[D] their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them33. What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that ________.[A] he is born with the capacity to speak[B] he has a brain more complex than an animal’s[C] he can produce his own sentences[D] he owes his speech ability to good nursing34. Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?[A] The faculty of speech is inborn in man.[B] Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.[C] The child’s brain is highly selective.[D] Most children learn their language in definite stages.35. If a child starts to speak later than others, he will in future ________.[A] have a high IQ[B] be less intelligent[C] be insensitive to verbal signals[D] not necessarily be backwardText 2In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic (官僚主义的) management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human-relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue- and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on they are tested again and again -- by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism inwhich maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities -- those of love and of reason -- are the aims of all social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.36. By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to render the ideathat man is ________.[A] a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function isnegligible[B] working in complete harmony with the rest of the society[C] an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society, thoughfunctioning smoothly[D] a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly37. The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that ________.[A] they are likely to lose their jobs[B] they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life[C] they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence[D] they are deprived of their individuality and independence38. From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those________.[A] who are at the bottom of the society[B] who are higher up in their social status[C] who prove better than their fellow-competitors[D] who could keep far away from this competitive world39. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should________.[A] resort to the production mode of our ancestors[B] offer higher wages to the workers and employees[C] enable man to fully develop his potentialities[D] take the fundamental realities for granted40. The author’s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as oneof ________.[A] approval[B] dissatisfaction[C] suspicion[D] toleranceText 3When an invention is made, the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it, keep the idea secret, or patent it.A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state, by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly (垄断) and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates.Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events.The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi; his 1939 patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until 1971 because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no colour TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention.Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated, the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and, if older than half a century, sometimes even re-patent. Indeed, patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventor’s right is to plagiarize a dead patent. Likewise, because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea, it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print. Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security.Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most “new” ideas are, in fact, as old as the hills. It is their reduction to commercial practice, either through necessity or dedication, or through the availability of new technology, that makes news and money. The basic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886. Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late 19th and early 20th century. Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a 1904 patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.41. The passage is mainly about ________.[A] an approach to patents[B] the application for patents[C] the use of patents[D] the access to patents42. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?[A] When a patent becomes out of effect, it can be re-patented or extendedif necessary.[B] It is necessary for an inventor to apply for a patent before he makes hisinvention public.[C] A patent holder must publicize the details of his invention when its legalperiod is over.[D] One can get all the details of a patented invention from a library attachedto the patent office.43. George Valensi’s patent lasted until 1971 because ________.[A] nobody would offer any reward for his patent prior to that time[B] his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long time[C] there were not enough TV stations to provide colour programmes[D] the colour TV receiver was not available until that time44. The word “plagiarize” (L ine 8, Para. 5) most probably means “________.”[A] steal and use[B] give reward to[C] make public[D] take and change45. From the passage we learn that ________.[A] an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced tocommercial practice[B] products are actually inventions which were made a long time ago[C] it is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new one[D] patent experts often recommend patents to others by conducting a searchthrough dead patentsSection III Cloze TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (15 points)Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designershave become important partly because of the many functions that might be 46in a single large building.The importance of interior design becomes 47 when we realize how muchtime we 48 surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be 49 attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect 50 place to be appropriate to its use. You would be 51 if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look 52 the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn’t feel 53 in a business office that has theappearance of a school.It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic54 is the function of the particular 55. For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and 56 few entries and exits will not work for 57 purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be 58. Nevertheless, for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of 59. He or she must coordinate the shapes, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. 60 addition, the designer must usuallyselect furniture or design built-in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served.46. [A] consisted[B] contained[C] composed[D] comprised47. [A] obscure[B] attractive[C] appropriate[D] evident48. [A] spend[B] require[C] settle[D] retain49. [A] so[B] as[C] thus[D] such50. [A] some[B] any[C] this[D] each51. [A] amused[B] interested[C] shocked[D] frightened52. [A] like[B] for[C] at[D] into53. [A] correct[B] proper[C] right[D] suitable54. [A] care[B] concern[C] attention[D] intention55. [A] circumstance[B] environment[C] surroundings[D] space56. [A] too[B] quite[C] a[D] far 57. [A] their[B] its [C] those [D] that 58. [A] painted[B] covered [C] ornamented [D] decorated 59. [A] solutions[B] conclusions [C] decisions [D] determinations 60. [A] For[B] In [C] As [D] WithSection IV Error-detection and CorrectionEach of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down your correction on the line on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)EXAMPLE:A number of A foreign visitors were takenB to the industrial exhibition which Cthey saw Dmany new products. Answer [C] is wrong because the sentence should read, “A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw many new products.” So you should choose [C] and write the correction “where ” on the line.Sample Answer[A] [B] [●] [D] where61. He cannot tell the difference between true A praise and flattering Bstatementsmaking C only to gain Dhis favor.62. They want to expose those educational Adisadvantaged students to creative,enriching B educational experiences C for a five-year Dperiod.63. The changes that took A place in air travel during Bthe last sixty yearswould have seemed C completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientistsat Dthe turn of the 19th century. 64. I don ’t think it A advisable that he will be assigned Bto the job since he hasno C experience whatsoever D.65. Beethoven, the great musician, wrote Anine symphonies in his life, most of themwere written B after he had lost C his hearing D.66. Mr. Jankin regretted to blame A his secretary for B the mistake, for Che laterdiscovered Dit was his own fault.67. As for A the influence of computerization, nowhere we have seen Bthe resultsmore clearly than in the U.S.C , which really have surprised D us all.68. At times A , more care goes into Bthe composition of newspaper and magazineadvertisements than the writing C of features Dand editorials.69. It is required by law that a husband have to pay A the debts of his wife until Bformal notice is given that C he no longer has to pay her D.70. Over A the years, a large number of overseas students have studied Bat thatuniversity in the result C that it has D acquired substantial experience indealing with them.Section V English-Chinese TranslationRead the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentencesinto Chinese. (15 points)(71) The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. (72) It is not that the scales in the one case, and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.You will understand this better, perhaps, if I give you some familiar examples. (73) You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction (归纳法) and deduction, that by the help of these operations, they, in a sort of sense, manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws, and that out of these, by some special skill of their own, they build up their theories. (74) And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. To hear all these large words, you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men; but if you will not be frightened by terms, you will discover that you are quite wrong, and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.There is a well-known incident in one of Mol iere’s plays, where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose (散文) during the whole of his life. In the same way, I trust that you will take comfort, and be delighted with yourselves, on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period. (75) Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning, of the very same kind,though differing in degree, as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.Section VI WritingDirections:[A] Title: ADVERTISEMENT ON TV[B] Time limit: 40 minutes[C] Word limit: 120-150 words (not including the given opening sentence)[D] Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should startwith the given opening sentence: “Today more and more advertisement s areseen on the TV screen.”[E] Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)OUTLINE:1. Present state2. Reasons3. My comments1993年考研英语真题答案Section I: Structure and Vocabulary (15 points)Section II: Reading Comprehension (30 points)Section III: Cloze Test (15 points)Section IV: Error-detection and Correction (10 points)Section V: English-Chinese Translation (15 points)71. 科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。

【考研真题】1993-2012年考研英语真题及答案解析word版

1993年考研英语真题精解精析1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题按照《1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语考试大纲（非英语专业）》要求命制，体现了《大纲》的考核目标、形式和内容。

1993年试题题型与1992年相比，题型相同，难度维持在一个水平线上。

Section ⅠCloze Test【文章综述】本文首先指出室内设计发展成一个专门领域的时间不长，但却已经很重要。

接着分析原因：一是建筑物往往具有很多功能；二是人们大部分时间是在室内度过，因此希望其环境舒适宜人。

最后介绍室内设计者关注的基本问题是室内空间的功能。

【英汉对照】Although interior design has existed since thebeginning of architecture, its development into aspecialized field is really quite recent. Interior designershave become important partly because of the manyfunctions that might be 46 in a single large building.The importance of interior design becomes 47when we realize how much time we 48 surrounded byfour walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we wantour surroundings to be 49 attractive and comfortable aspossible. We also expect 50 place to be appropriate toits use. You would be 51 if the inside of yourbedroom were suddenly changed to look 52 the insideof a restaurant. And you wouldn’t feel 53 in abusiness office that has the appearance of a school.It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’smost important basic 54 is the function of the particular 55. For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poorsound-shaping qualities, and 56 few entries and exitswill not work for 57 purpose, no matter howbeautifully it might be 58. Nevertheless, for any kindof space, the designer has to make many of the samekind of 59. He or she must coordinate the shapes,lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling tofloor. 60 addition, the designer must usually selectfurniture or design built-in furniture, according to thefunctions that need to be served.尽管室内设计自建筑业出现之初业已存在，但它发展成为一个专门的领域的历史却不长。

1993考研英语真题(英一二通用)答案+解析

1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Structure and VocabularyIn each sentence,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)1.The board deemed it urgent that these files________right away.[A]had to be printed[B]should have been printed[C]must be printed[D]should be printed2.The local health organization is reported________twenty-five years ago when Dr.Audonbecame its first president.[A]to be set up[B]being set up[C]to have been set up[D]having been set up3.The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers________for.[A]be demonstrating[B]demonstrate[C]had been demonstrating[D]have demonstrated4.Ted has told me that he always escapes________as he has got a very fast sports car.[A]to fine[B]to be fined[C]being fined[D]having been fined5.More than one third of the Chinese in the United States live in California,________in SanFrancisco.[A]previously[B]predominantly[C]practically[D]permanently6.Prof.Lee’s book will show you________can be used in other contexts.[A]that you have observed[B]that how you have observed[C]how that you have observed[D]how what you have observed7.All flights________because of the snowstorm,we decided to take the train.[A]were canceled[B]had been canceled[C]having canceled[D]having been canceled8.The new secretary has written a remarkably________report only in a few pages but withall the details.[A]concise[B]clear[C]precise[D]elaborate9.With prices________so much,it’s hard for the company to plan a budget.[A]fluctuating[B]waving[C]swinging[D]vibrating10.Experts say walking is one of the best ways for a person to________healthy.[A]preserve[B]stay[C]maintain[D]reserve11.Expected noises are usually more________than unexpected ones of the like magnitude.[A]manageable[B]controllable[C]tolerable[D]perceivable12.It isn’t so much whether he works hard;the question is whether he works________.[A]above all[B]in all[C]at all[D]after all13.There is an incorrect assumption among scientists and medical people that everyone agrees________what constitutes a benefit to an individual.[A]on[B]with[C]to[D]in14.All the information we have collected in relation to that case________very little.[A]makes up for[B]adds up to[C]comes up with[D]puts up with15.A really powerful speaker can________the feelings of the audience to the fever ofexcitement.[A]work out[B]work over[C]work at[D]work up16.Before the students set off,they spent much time setting a limit________the expenses ofthe trip.[A]to[B]about[C]in[D]for17.According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud,wisdom comes from the________ofmaturity.[A]fulfillment[B]achievement[C]establishment[D]accomplishment18.From the tears in Nedra’s eyes we can deduce that something sad________.[A]must have occurred[B]would have occurred[C]might be occurring[D]should occur19.You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting________you don’t mind taking the nighttrain.[A]provided[B]unless[C]though[D]until20.Hardly a month goes by without________of another survey revealing new depths ofscientific illiteracy among U.S.citizens.[A]words[B]a word[C]the word[D]word21.If you________Jerry Brown until recently,you’d think the photograph on the right wasstrange.[A]shouldn’t contact[B]didn’t contact[C]weren’t to contact[D]hadn’t contacted22.Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society,which________them therights and privileges of adults,although physically they are mature.[A]deprives[B]restricts[C]rejects[D]denies23.I must go now.________,if you want that book I’ll bring it next time.[A]Incidentally[B]Accidentally[C]Occasionally[D]Subsequently24.There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take,________they can limithow much water you drink.[A]much more than[B]no more than[C]no less than[D]any more than25.Though________in San Francisco,Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plainfacts of small-town life.[A]raised[B]grown[C]developed[D]cultivated26.Most electronic devices of this kind,________manufactured for such purposes,are tightlypacked.[A]that are[B]as are[C]which is[D]it is27.As for the winter,it is inconvenient to be cold,with most of________furnace fuel isallowed saved for the dawn.[A]what[B]that[C]which[D]such28.Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious________without scientific basic.[A]process[B]practice[C]procedure[D]program29.We cannot always________the wind,so new windmills should be so designed that theycan also be driven by water.[A]hang on[B]count on[C]hold on[D]come on30.The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause________of vegetables in thecoming days.[A]rarity[B]scarcity[C]invalidity[D]varietySection II Reading ComprehensionEach of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there are four answers marked[A],[B],[C],and[D].Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(30points)Text1Is language,like food,a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged?Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick II in the thirteenth century,it may be.Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue,he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year.But clearly there was more than lack of language here.What was missing was good mothering.Without good mothering,in the first year of life especially,the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick.Nevertheless,some children are still backward in speaking.Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant,whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly.If these sensitive periods are neglected,the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time,but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age,but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ. At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds;at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands;at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words.At three he knows about1,000words which he can put into sentences,and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak.What is specialabout man’s brain,compared with that of the monkey,is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of,say,a toy-bear with the sound pattern“toy-bear.”And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him,to analyze,to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced,and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child,where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling(咿呀学语),grasping and smiling,and responds to them.Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals.Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.31.The purpose of Frederick II’s experiment was________.[A]to prove that children are born with the ability to speak[B]to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech[C]to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak[D]to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language32.The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that________.[A]they are incapable of learning language rapidly[B]they are exposed to too much language at once[C]their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak[D]their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them33.What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that________.[A]he is born with the capacity to speak[B]he has a brain more complex than an animal’s[C]he can produce his own sentences[D]he owes his speech ability to good nursing34.Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?[A]The faculty of speech is inborn in man.[B]Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.[C]The child’s brain is highly selective.[D]Most children learn their language in definite stages.35.If a child starts to speak later than others,he will in future________.[A]have a high IQ[B]be less intelligent[C]be insensitive to verbal signals[D]not necessarily be backwardText2In general,our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic(官僚主义的)management in which man becomes a small,well-oiled cog in the machinery.The oiling is done with higher wages,well-ventilated factories and piped music,and by psychologists and“human-relations”experts;yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless,that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it.In fact,the blue-and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious,not only because they might find themselves out of a job;they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life.They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious.Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates.They are even more insecure in some respects.They are in a highly competitive race.To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect.When they apply for their first job,they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence.From that moment on they are tested again and again--by the psychologists,for whom testing is a big business,and by their superiors,who judge their behavior,sociability,capacity to get along,etc.This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow-competitor creates constant anxiety and stress,the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century“free enterprise”capitalism?Certainly not.Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown.I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialities--those of love and of reason--are the aims of all social arrangements.Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end,and should be prevented from ruling man.36.By“a well-oiled cog in the machinery”the author intends to render the idea that man is________.[A]a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible[B]working in complete harmony with the rest of the society[C]an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society,though functioningsmoothly[D]a humble component of the society,especially when working smoothly37.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that________.[A]they are likely to lose their jobs[B]they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life[C]they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence[D]they are deprived of their individuality and independence38.From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those________.[A]who are at the bottom of the society[B]who are higher up in their social status[C]who prove better than their fellow-competitors[D]who could keep far away from this competitive world39.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should________.[A]resort to the production mode of our ancestors[B]offer higher wages to the workers and employees[C]enable man to fully develop his potentialities[D]take the fundamental realities for granted40.The author’s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of________.[A]approval[B]dissatisfaction[C]suspicion[D]toleranceText3When an invention is made,the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him: he can give the invention to the world by publishing it,keep the idea secret,or patent it.A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state,by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly(垄断)and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates.Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events.The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi;his1939patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until1971because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no colour TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention.Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated,the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and,if older than half a century,sometimes even re-patent.Indeed,patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventor’s right is to plagiarize a deadpatent.Likewise,because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea,it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print.Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security.Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most“new”ideas are,in fact,as old as the hills.It is their reduction to commercial practice,either through necessity or dedication,or through the availability of new technology,that makes news and money.The basic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to1886.Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late19th and early20th century.Even the V olkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a1904patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.41.The passage is mainly about________.[A]an approach to patents[B]the application for patents[C]the use of patents[D]the access to patents42.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?[A]When a patent becomes out of effect,it can be re-patented or extended if necessary.[B]It is necessary for an inventor to apply for a patent before he makes his inventionpublic.[C]A patent holder must publicize the details of his invention when its legal period is over.[D]One can get all the details of a patented invention from a library attached to the patentoffice.43.George Valensi’s patent lasted until1971because________.[A]nobody would offer any reward for his patent prior to that time[B]his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long time[C]there were not enough TV stations to provide colour programmes[D]the colour TV receiver was not available until that time44.The word“plagiarize”(Line8,Para.5)most probably means“________.”[A]steal and use[B]give reward to[C]make public[D]take and change45.From the passage we learn that________.[A]an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practice[B]products are actually inventions which were made a long time ago[C]it is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new one[D]patent experts often recommend patents to others by conducting a search through deadpatentsSection III Cloze TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked[A],[B],[C], and[D].Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.(15points)Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture,its development into a specialized field is really quite recent.Interior designers have become important partlybecause of the many functions that might be大46家in a single large building.The importance of interior design becomes大47家when we realize how much time we 大48家surrounded by four walls.Whenever we need to be indoors,we want our surroundings to be大49家attractive and comfortable as possible.We also expect 大50家place to be appropriate to its use.You would be大51家if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look大52家the inside of a restaurant.And you wouldn’t feel大53家in a business office that has the appearance of a school.It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic大54家is the function of the particular大55家.For example,a theater with poor sight lines,poor sound-shaping qualities,and大56家few entries and exits will not work for大57家purpose,no matter how beautifully it might be大58家.Nevertheless,for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of大59家.He or she must coordinate theshapes,lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor.大60家addition,the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture,according to the functions that need to be served.46.[A]consisted[B]contained[C]composed[D]comprised47.[A]obscure[B]attractive[C]appropriate[D]evident48.[A]spend[B]require[C]settle[D]retain49.[A]so[B]as[C]thus[D]such50.[A]some[B]any[C]this[D]each51.[A]amused[B]interested[C]shocked[D]frightened52.[A]like[B]for[C]at[D]into53.[A]correct[B]proper[C]right[D]suitable54.[A]care[B]concern[C]attention[D]intention55.[A]circumstance[B]environment[C]surroundings[D]space56.[A]too[B]quite[C]a[D]far57.[A]their[B]its[C]those[D]that58.[A]painted[B]covered[C]ornamented[D]decorated59.[A]solutions[B]conclusions[C]decisions[D]determinations60.[A]For[B]In[C]As[D]WithSection IV Error-detection and CorrectionEach of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked[A],[B],[C],and[D].Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.Then,without altering the meaning of thesentence,write down your correction on the line on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) EXAMPLE:A number ofA foreign visitors were takenBto the industrial exhibition whichCthey sawDmany new products.Answer[C]is wrong because the sentence should read,“A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw many new products.”So you should choose[C] and write the correction“where”on the line.Sample Answer[A][B][●][D]where61.He cannot tell the difference between trueA praise and flatteringBstatements makingConlyto gainDhis favor.62.They want to expose those educationalA disadvantaged students to creative,enrichingBeducational experiencesC for a five-yearDperiod.63.The changes that tookA place in air travel duringBthe last sixty years would have seemedCcompletely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists atDthe turn of the19th century.64.I don’t think itA advisable that he will be assignedBto the job since he has noCexperiencewhatsoeverD.65.Beethoven,the great musician,wroteAnine symphonies in his life,most of themwere writtenB after he had lostChis hearingD.66.Mr.Jankin regretted to blameA his secretary forBthe mistake,forChe later discoveredDitwas his own fault.67.As forA the influence of computerization,nowhere we have seenBthe results more clearlythan in the U.S.C ,which really have surprisedDus all.68.At timesA ,more care goes intoBthe composition of newspaper and magazine advertisementsthan the writingC of featuresDand editorials.69.It is required by law that a husband have to payA the debts of his wife untilBformal notice isgiven thatC he no longer has to pay herD.70.OverA the years,a large number of overseas students have studiedBat that universityin the resultC that it hasDacquired substantial experience in dealing with them.Section V English-Chinese TranslationRead the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. (15points)(71)The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind;it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.There is no more difference,but there is just the same kind of difference,between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person,as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales,and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.(72)It is not that the scales in the one case,and the balance in the other,differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working;but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.You will understand this better,perhaps,if I give you some familiar examples.(73)You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction(归纳法)and deduction,that by the help of these operations,they,in a sort of sense,manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws,and that out of these,by some special skill of their own,they build up their theories.(74)And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes,and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.To hear all these large words,you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men;but if you will not be frightened by terms,you will discover that you are quite wrong,and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.There is a well-known incident in one of Moliere’s plays,where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose(散文)during the wholeof his life.In the same way,I trust that you will take comfort,and be delighted with yourselves, on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period.(75)Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning,of the very same kind, though differing in degree,as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.Section VI WritingDirections:[A]Title:ADVERTISEMENT ON TV[B]Time limit:40minutes[C]Word limit:120-150words(not including the given opening sentence)[D]Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should start with thegiven opening sentence:“Today more and more advertisements are seen on the TVscreen.”[E]Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)OUTLINE:1.Present state2.Reasons3.My comments1993年考研英语真题答案Section I:Structure and Vocabulary(15points)1.[D]2.[C]3.[C]4.[C]5.[B]6.[D]7.[D]8.[A]9.[A]10.[B]11.[C]12.[C]13.[A]14.[B]15.[D]16.[A]17.[B]18.[A]19.[A]20.[D]21.[D]22.[D]23.[A]24.[D]25.[A]26.[B]27.[A]28.[A]29.[B]30.[B] Section II:Reading Comprehension(30points)31.[B]32.[C]33.[C]34.[B]35.[D]36.[C]37.[D]38.[D]39.[C]40.[B]41.[D]42.[C]43.[B]44.[A]45.[A] Section III:Cloze Test(15points)46.[B]47.[D]48.[A]49.[B]50.[D]51.[C]52.[A]53.[C]54.[B]55.[D]56.[A]57.[B]58.[D]59.[C]60.[B] Section IV:Error-detection and Correction(10points)61.[C]made62.[A]educationally63.[A]have taken64.[B](should)be assigned65.[B]written66.[A]having blamed67.[B]have we seen68.[C]into the writing69.[D]to pay them70.[C]with the resultSection V:English-Chinese Translation(15points)71.科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。

92、93年考研翻译英译汉试题

1992年考研翻译英译汉试题“Intelligence” at best is an assumptive construct—the meaning of the word has never been clear. (71)There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them. But it is generally agreed that a person of high intelligence is one who can grasp ideas readily，make distinctions，reason logically，and make use of verbal and mathematical symbols in solving problems. An intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for lea rning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character，social adjustment，physical endurance，manual skills，or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to—it was not designed for such purposes. (72)To criticise it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticising a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.The other thing we have to notice is that the assessment of the intelligence of any subject is essentially a comparative affair.(73)Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a “valid” or “fair” comparison. It is here that some of the difficulties which interest us begin. Any test performed involves at least three factors: the intention to do one’s best，the knowledge required for understanding what you have to do，and the intellectual ability to do it. (74)The first two must be equal for all who are being compared，if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made. In school populations in our culture these assumptions can be made fair and reasonable，and the value of intelligence testing has been proved thoroughly. Its value lies，of course，in its providing a satisfactory basis for prediction. No one is in the least interested in the marks a little child gets on his test; what we are interested in is whether we can conclude from his mark on the test that the child will do better or worse than other children of his age at tasks which we think require “general intelligence”. (75)On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence，but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared，and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.1992年考研翻译英译汉参考译文(全文翻译)智力充其量只是一个假设性的概念，因为智力的含义从来就是模糊的。

1993年考研英语真题及解析

1993考研英语一阅读理解逐句翻译

1993 Text 1Paragraph 11、Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged?语言是否像食物一样，是人类的基本需要呢?没有语言，在生命的关键时刻孩子是否会挨饿呢?孩子的身体是否受损呢?1.1 basic英/'beɪsɪk/ 美/'beɪsɪk/n. 基础；要素adj. 基本的；基础的1.2 starved英/stɑːvd/ 美/stɑ:vd/adj. （等于starving）饥饿的饥饿1.3 starve英/stɑːv/ 美/stɑrv/vi. 饿死；挨饿；渴望vt. 使饿死；使挨饿2、Judging from the drastic experiment of FrederickⅠin the thirteenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.从13世纪弗里德里克一世所做的大量实验中得出判断，情况也许就是如此。

为了发现婴儿在听不到母语的情况下会讲什么语言，他要求保育员保持沉默。

2.1 drastic英/'dræstɪk; 'drɑː-/ 美/'dræstɪk/n. 烈性泻药adj. 激烈的；猛烈的(大量的)2.2 tongue英/tʌŋ/ 美/tʌŋ/n. 舌头；语言vt. 舔；斥责；用舌吹vi. 说话；吹管乐器Paragraph 21、All the infant s died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of language here. What was missing was good mothering. 所有婴儿在一年之内都死了。

1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

1993年试题与分析Section ⅠUse of EnglishAlthough interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture, its development into a specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be ___1___in a single large building.The importance of interior design becomes 2 when we realize how much time we __3_ surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings to be _ 4 attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect 5 place to be appropriate to its use. You would be 6 if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look 7 the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn’t feel 8 in a business office that has the appearance of a school.It soon beco mes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic 9 is the function of the particular 10 . For example, a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping qualities, and 11 few entries and exits will not work for 12 purpose, no matter how beautifully it might be 13 . Nevertheless, for any kind of space, the designer has to make many of the same kind of 14 _. He or she must coordinate the shapes, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. 15 _addition, the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture, according to the functions that need to be served1. [A] consisted [B] contained [C] composed [D] comprised2. [A] obscure [B] attractive [C] appropriate [D] evident3. [A] spend [B] require [C] settle [D] retain4. [A] so [B] as [C] thus [D] such5. [A] some [B] any [C] this [D] each6. [A] amused [B] interested [C] shocked [D] frightened7. [A] like [B] for [C] at [D] into8. [A] correct [B] proper [C] right [D] suitable9. [A] care [B] concern [C] attention [D] intention10. [A] circumstance [B] environment [C] surroundings [D] space11. [A] too [B] quite [C] a [D] far12. [A] their [B] its [C] those [D] that13. [A] painted [B] covered [C] ornamented [D] decorated14. [A] solutions [B] conclusions [C] decisions [D] determinations15. [A] For [B] In [C] As [D] with一、文章大意首先指出室内设计发展成一个专门领域的时间不长，但却已经很重要。

1993年考研翻译真题

1993年考研翻译真题精解71．The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression_r_r of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation. 结构分析：分号相当于汉语的句号，因此整个句子分为两个分句，第一个句子的主语是the method of scientific investigation，谓语是is，nothing but 是个短语，意思为“只不过，仅仅”，the expression_r_r of the necessary mode of working of the human mind是个固定名词短语，其核心成分是expression_r_r，它后面接了很长的介词短语做其后置定语，翻译时由后面往前面翻译，第二个句子的主语是it （指代前面的the method），by which引导的是个定语从句，限定前面的名词mode，定语从句里的主语是all phenomena，从句的谓语用了两个并列的被动语态。

参考译文：科学研究的方法只不过是人类思维活动必要的表达方式，这一科学方法也仅仅是对一切现象进行推理并给以精确而严谨解释的那种方式。

测试点：后置定语和定语从句；固定短语；名词短语；举一反三：“名词+介词+名词+介词”是个翻译必考的短语，这个短语的核心成分是最先出现的名词或并列名词，翻译时要求由后面往前面翻，希望广大考生特别注意。

72．There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult andcomplex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. It is not that the scales in the one case，and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.结构分析：逗号相当于句号。

1993英语考研真题

1993年试题题型与1992年相比，题型相同，难度维持在一个水平线上。

Section ⅠCloze Test【文章综述】本文首先指出室内设计发展成一个专门领域的时间不长，但却已经很重要。

接着分析原因：一是建筑物往往具有很多功能；二是人们大部分时间是在室内度过，因此希望其环境舒适宜人。

最后介绍室内设计者关注的基本问题是室内空间的功能。

1993年英语考研真题与解析

答案解析1.［答案］D［注释］句中it是形式宾语，urgent是形容词，作宾补，that从句是宾语从句。

与urgent有关的从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，形式是(should)+动词原形。

类似的形容词有：advisable,appropriate,desirable,essential,important,imperative,necessary,possible,probable,strange,natural,preferable,vital等。

2.［答案］C［注释］is reported后可接不定式作主语补足语，不接现在分词或动名词，所以首先排除［B］，［D］。

句中有twenty five years ago这一状语，表明不定式的动作是已经发生了的动作，所以应该用不定式的完成式。

3.［答案］C［注释］that引导的从句是demands的定语从句。

主句中谓语动词用了一般过去时listened;时间状语中的谓语read也是一般过去时，所以根据意思，定语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成进行时。

有不少考生选择［B］，那是错误地认为that从句是宾语从句，他们认为从句中的动词是省略了should的虚拟语气。

4.［答案］C［注释］动词escape后要接动名词作宾语，不用不定式，［A］，［B］可以首先排除。

因为escapes 前面有状语always修饰，所以用动名词的一般式，being fined是动名词一般式的被动式。

5.［答案］B［注释］predominantly 是“主要地”。

［A］previously 是“原先，以前”；［C］practically 是“实际上”；［D］permanently 是“永久地，永远地”。

6.［答案］D［注释］how是连接副词，引导宾语从句。

how后的what是关系代词型的what=the thing which。

what you have observed是宾语从句中的主语从句。

考研英语历年翻译真题及译文(共44篇)

一. 1980考研英语翻译真题及答案Section VI Chinese-English Translation将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。

1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。

2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s.3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。

3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。

4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。

5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。

6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。

1993年考研英语真题及解析

1993年考研英语二真题及解析

1993年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionⅠUse of EnglishAlthough interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture,its development into a specialized field is really quite recent.Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be___1___in a single large building.The importance of interior design becomes2when we realize how much time we__3_surrounded by four walls.Whenever we need to be indoors,we want our surroundings to be_4attractive and comfortable as possible.We also expect5place to be appropriate to its use.You would be6if the inside of your bedroom were suddenly changed to look7the inside of a restaurant.And you wouldn’t feel8in a business office that has the appearance of a school.It soon becomes clear that the interior designer’s most important basic9is the function of the particular 10.For example,a theater with poor sight lines,poor sound-shaping qualities,and11few entries and exits will not work for12purpose,no matter how beautifully it might be13.Nevertheless,for any kind of space,the designer has to make many of the same kind of14_.He or she must coordinate the shapes,lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor.15_addition,the designer must usually select furniture or design built-in furniture,according to the functions that need to be served1.[A]consisted[B]contained[C]composed[D]comprised2.[A]obscure[B]attractive[C]appropriate[D]evident3.[A]spend[B]require[C]settle[D]retain4.[A]so[B]as[C]thus[D]such5.[A]some[B]any[C]this[D]each6.[A]amused[B]interested[C]shocked[D]frightened7.[A]like[B]for[C]at[D]into8.[A]correct[B]proper[C]right[D]suitable9.[A]care[B]concern[C]attention[D]intention10.[A]circumstance[B]environment[C]surroundings[D]space11.[A]too[B]quite[C]a[D]far12.[A]their[B]its[C]those[D]that13.[A]painted[B]covered[C]ornamented[D]decorated14.[A]solutions[B]conclusions[C]decisions[D]determinations15.[A]For[B]In[C]As[D]withSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPassage1Is language,like food,a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of life can be starved and damaged?Judging from the drastic experiment of FrederickⅠin the thirteenth century,it may be.Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard no mother tongue,he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year.But clearly there was more than lack of language here.What wasmissing was good mothering.Without good mothering,in the first year of life especially,the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick.Nevertheless,some children are still backward in speaking.Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive to the signals of the infant,whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly.If these sensitive periods are neglected,the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned so easily again.A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time,but the process is slow and hard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age,but there are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventually turns out to be of high IQ.At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds;at twelve months he can speak simple words and understand simple commands;at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three to fifty words.At three he knows about l,000words which he can put into sentences,and at four his language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak.What is special about man’s brain, compared with that of the monkey,is the complex system which enables a child to connect the sight and feel of,say, a toy-bear with the sound pattern“toy-bear”.And even more incredible is the young brain’s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixture of sound around him,to analyze,to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced,and this depends on interaction between the mother and the child,where the mother recognizes the signals in the child’s babbling(咿呀学语),grasping and smiling,and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interaction because the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals.Sensitivity to the child’s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.16.The purpose of FrederickⅠ’s experiment was__[A]to prove that children are born with the ability to speak[B]to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speech[C]to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speak[D]to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language17.The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that__[A]they are incapable of learning language rapidly[B]they are exposed to too much language at once[C]their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speak[D]their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them18.What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is that[A]he is born with the capacity to speak[B]he has a brain more complex than an animal’s[C]he can produce his own sentences[D]he owes his speech ability to good nursing19.Which of the following can NOT be inferred from the passage?[A]The faculty of speech is inborn in man.[B]Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.[C]The child’s brain is highly selective.[D]Most children learn their language in definite stages.20.If a child starts to speak later than others,he will[A]have a high IQ[B]be less intelligent[C]be insensitive to verbal signals[D]not necessarily be backwardPassage2In general,our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic(官僚主义的)management in which man becomes a small,well-oiled cog in the machinery.The oiling is done with higher wages,well-ventilated factories and piped music,and by psychologists and“human-relations”experts;yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless,that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it.In fact,the blue-and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The worker and employee are anxious,not only because they might find themselves out of a job;they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction or interest in life.They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious.Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates.They are even more insecure in some respects.They are in a highly competitive race.To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a matter of self-respect.When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the tight mixture of submissiveness and independence.From that moment on they are tested again and again by the psychologists,for whom testing is a big business,and by their superiors,who judge their behavior,sociability,capacity to get along,etc.This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than one’s fellow competitor creates constant anxiety and stress,the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century“free enterprise”capitalism?Certainly not.Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown.I suggest transforming our social system from a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and full development of his potentialitie s—those of love and of reaso n—are the aims of all social arrangements.Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end,and should be prevented from ruling man.21.By“a well-oiled cog in the machinery”the author intends to render the idea that man is[A]a necessary part of the society though each individual’s function is negligible[B]working in complete harmony with the rest of the society[C]an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the society,though functioning smoothly[D]a humble component of the society,especially when working smoothly22.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that[A]they are likely to lose their jobs[B]they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in life[C]they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existence[D]they are deprived of their individuality and independence23.From the passage we can infer that real happiness of life belongs to those[A]who are at the bottom of the society[B]who are higher up in their social status[C]who prove better than their fellow-competitors[D]who could keep far away from this competitive world24.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should[A]resort to the production mode of our ancestors[B]offer higher wages to the workers and employees[C]enable man to fully develop his potentialities[D]take the fundamental realities for granted25.The author’s attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of__[A]approval[B]dissatisfaction[C]suspicion[D]tolerance下一站考研主要经营:【1】公共课全程视频【2】上百门专业课视频【3】各种考研书籍【4】全国500所院校专业课真题与解析（下一站考研网QQ号：3116711802）Passage3When an invention is made,the inventor has three possible courses of action open to him:he can give the invention to the world by publishing it,keep the idea secret,or patent it.A granted patent is the result of a bargain struck between an inventor and the state,by which the inventor gets a limited period of monopoly(垄断)and publishes full details of his invention to the public after that period terminates.Only in the most exceptional circumstances is the lifespan of a patent extended to alter this normal process of events.The longest extension ever granted was to Georges Valensi;his1939patent for color TV receiver circuitry was extended until1971because for most of the patent’s normal life there was no color TV to receive and thus no hope of reward for the invention.Because a patent remains permanently public after it has terminated,the shelves of the library attached to the patent office contain details of literally millions of ideas that are free for anyone to use and,if older than half a century,sometimes even re-patent.Indeed,patent experts often advise anyone wishing to avoid the high cost of conducting a search through live patents that the one sure way of avoiding violation of any other inventor’s right is to plagiarize a dead patent.Likewise,because publication of an idea in any other form permanently invalidates further patents on that idea,it is traditionally safe to take ideas from other areas of print.Much modern technological advance is based on these presumptions of legal security.Anyone closely involved in patents and inventions soon learns that most“new ideas”are,in fact,as old as the hills.It is their reduction to commercial practice,either through necessity or dedication,or through the availability of new technology,that makes news and money.The basic patent for the theory of magnetic recording dates back to 1886.Many of the original ideas behind television originate from the late19th and early20th century.Even the Volkswagen rear engine car was anticipated by a1904patent for a cart with the horse at the rear.26.The passage is mainly about[A]an approach to patents[B]the application for patents[C]the use of patents[D]the access to patents27.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?[A]When a patent becomes out of effect,it can be re-patented or extended if necessary.[B]It is necessary for an inventor to apply for a patent before he makes his invention publc.[C]A patent holder must publicize the details of his invention when its legal period is over.[D]One can get all the details of a patented invention from a library attached to the patent office.28.George Valensi’s patent lasted until1971because[A]nobody would offer any reward for his patent prior to that time[B]his patent could not be put to use for an unusually long time[C]there were not enough TV stations to provide color programmes[D]the color TV receiver was not available until that time29.The word“plagiarize”(line8,Para.5)most probably means“_”.[A]steal and use[B]give reward to[C]make public[D]take and change30.From the passage we learn that[A]an invention will not benefit the inventor unless it is reduced to commercial practice[B]products are actually inventions which were made a long time ago[C]it is much cheaper to buy an old patent than a new one[D]patent experts often recommend patents to others by conducting a search through dead patentsPartⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation(31)The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind;it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.There is no more difference,but there is just the same kind of difference,between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person,as there is between the operations and methods of a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales,and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights.(32)It is not that the scales in the one case,and the balance in the other,differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working;but that the latter is a much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.You will understand this better,perhaps,if I give you some familiar examples.(33)You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction(归纳法)and deduction,that by the help of these operations,they,in a sort of sense,manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws,and that out of these,by some special skill of their own,they build up their theories.(34)And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes,and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.To hear all these large words,you would think that the mind of a man of science must be constituted differently from that of his fellow men;but if you will not be frightened by terms,you will discover that you are quite wrong,and that all these terrible apparatus are being used by yourselves every day and every hour of your lives.There is a well-known incident in one of Motiere’s plays,where the author makes the hero express unbounded delight on being told that he had been talking prose(散文)during the whole of his life.In the same way,I trust that you will take comfort,and be delighted with yourselves,on the discovery that you have been acting on the principles of inductive and deductive philosophy during the same period.(35)Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning,of the very same kind, though differing in degree,as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.PartⅣWriting(15points)DIRECTIONS:A.Title:ADVERTISEMENT ON TVB.Time limit:40minutesC.Word limit:120-150words(not including the given opening sentence)D.Your composition should be based at the OUTLINE below and should start with the given opening sentence:“Today more and more advertisements are seen on the TV screen.”E.Your composition must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE:l.Present state2.Reasons。

1993年考研英语阅读text 3精讲

1993年考研英语阅读text 3精讲The 1993 Graduate Admission English Examination Reading Text 3: An In-Depth AnalysisThe 1993 Graduate Admission English Examination (GAE) Reading Text 3 has long been a subject of great interest and analysis among students and educators alike. This particular text has become a cornerstone in the preparation for the English language component of the GAE, as it offers invaluable insights into the examination's format, content, and the skills required to succeed.At the outset, it is crucial to understand the context in which this text was presented. The GAE, a highly competitive examination, serves as a gateway for aspiring graduate students in China to secure a coveted spot in the country's top universities. The reading section of the examination, which includes Text 3, plays a vital role in assessing the candidates' proficiency in comprehending and interpreting complex English passages.Text 3 from the 1993 GAE reading section presents a unique challenge to examinees. The passage delves into the intricacies of the English language, exploring its nuances and subtleties. It requiresa deep understanding of vocabulary, grammar, and the ability to discern the author's underlying message and intent.One of the hallmarks of this text is its emphasis on the importance of contextual clues in deciphering the meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases. The passage skillfully weaves together various linguistic concepts, challenging the reader to extract the overall meaning by piecing together the contextual evidence provided. This approach not only tests the candidate's vocabulary but also their ability to employ deductive reasoning and critical thinking skills.Moreover, the text presents a series of thought-provoking questions that delve into the nuances of language usage and interpretation. These questions are designed to assess the candidate's grasp of nuanced language patterns, their ability to recognize subtle distinctions, and their capacity to draw insightful conclusions from the given information.In order to tackle this text effectively, candidates must hone a diverse set of skills. Firstly, a strong foundation in English vocabulary is essential, as the passage is laden with complex and sophisticated terminology. Secondly, a deep understanding of English grammar and sentence structure is crucial, as the text often employs intricate linguistic constructions to convey its message.Beyond these linguistic competencies, candidates must also cultivate their critical thinking and analytical abilities. The text requires the reader to go beyond mere surface-level comprehension and delve into the deeper layers of meaning. Candidates must be able to identify the author's underlying assumptions, recognize implicit connections, and draw logical inferences from the provided information.Equally important is the ability to organize and articulate one's thoughts in a clear and coherent manner. The reading section of the GAE not only tests the candidate's understanding of the text but also their capacity to express their insights effectively in written form.In conclusion, the 1993 GAE Reading Text 3 stands as a testament to the rigor and complexity of the examination. It challenges candidates to push the boundaries of their linguistic and analytical skills, ultimately preparing them for the demands of graduate-level studies. By mastering the nuances of this text, aspiring graduate students can equip themselves with the necessary tools to navigate the competitive landscape of the GAE and embark on their academic journeys with confidence.。

1993年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案

1. The board deemed it urgent that these files ____ right away.A. had to be printedB. should have been printedC. must be printedD. should be printed2. The local health organization is reported ____ twenty-five years ago when Dr. Audon became its first president.A. to be set upB. being set upC. to have been set upD. having been set up3. The school board listened quietly as John read the demands that his followers _____ for.A. be demonstratingB. demonstrateC. had been demonstratingD. have demonstrated4. Ted had told me that he always escapes ____ as he has got a very fast sport car.A. to fineB. to be finedC. being finedD. having been fined5. More than one third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, _____ in San Francisco.A. previouslyB. predominantlyC. practicallyD. permanently6. Prof. Lee's book will show you ___ can be used in other contexts.A. that you have observedB. that how you have observedC. how that you have observedD. how what you have obs4erved7. All fights ______ because of the snowstorm, we decided to take the train.A. were canceledB. had been canceledC. having canceledD. having been canceled8. The new secretary has written a remarkably ____ report only in a few pages but with all the details.A. conciseB. clearC. preciseD. elaborate9. With prices ___ so much, it's hard for the company to plan a budget.A. fluctuatingB. wavingC. swingingD. vibrating10. Expert say walking is one of the best ways for a person to ___ healthy.A. preserveB. stayC. maintainD. reserve11. Expected noises are usually more ___ than unexpected ones of the like magnitude.A. manageableB. controllableC. tolerableD. perceivable12. It isn't so much whether he works hard; the question is whether he works ___.A. above allB. in allC. at allD. after all13. There is an incorrect assumption among scientists and medical people that everyone agrees ___ what constitutes a benefit to an individual.A. onB. withC. toD. in14. All the information we have collected in relation to that case ______ very little.A. makes up forB. adds up toC. comes up withD. puts up with15. A really powerful speaker can ____ the feelings of the audience to the fever of excitement.A. work outB. work overC. work atD. work up16. Before the students set off, they spent much time setting a limit ____ the expenses of the trip.A. toB. aboutC. inD. for17. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes form the ______ of maturity.A. fulfillmentB. achievementC. establishmentD. accomplishment18. From the tears in Nedra's eyes we can deduce that something sad ____.A. must have occurredB. would have occurredC. might be occurringD. should occur19. You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting ____ you don't mind taking the night train.A. providedB. unlessC. thoughD. until20. Hardly a month goes by without ___ of another survey revealing new depths of scientific among U.S. citizens.A. wordsB. a wordC. the wordD. word21. If you ____ Jerry Brown until recently, you'd think the photograph on the right was strange.A. shouldn't contactB. didn't contactC. weren't to contactD. hadn't contacted22. Some teenagers harbor a generalized resentment against society, which ____ them the rights and privileges of adults, although physically they are mature.A. deprivesB. restrictsC. rejectsD. denies23. I must go now. ___ , if you want that book I'll bring it next time.A. IncidentallyB. AccidentallyC. OccasionallyD. Subsequently24. There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take, _____ they can limit how much water you drink.A. much more thanB. no more thanC. no less thanD. any more than25. Though ___ in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record , the plain facts of small-town life.A. raisedB. grownC. developedD. cultivated26. Most electronic devices of this kind, ____ manufactured for such purposes , are tightly packed.A. that areB. as areC. which isD. it is27. As for the winter, it is inconvenient to be cold, with most of ___ furnace fuel is allowed saved for the dawn.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. such28. Achieving a high degree of proficiency in English as a foreign language is not a mysterious ____ without scientific basic.A. processB. practiceC. procedureD. program29. We cannot always ____ the wind, so new windmills should be so designed that they can also be driven by water.A. hang onB. count on C, hold on D. come on30. The storm sweeping over this area now is sure to cause ____ of vegetables in the coming days.A. rarityB. scarcityC. invalidityD. varietyⅡ. Each of the passages below is followed by some quetions. For each question there are fouranswers marked A,B,C, and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the answer to each ofthe questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the correspondingletter in the brackets. (30 points)1Is language, like food, a basic human need without which a child at a critical period of lifecan be starved and damaged? Judging from the drastic experiment of Frederick Ⅱ in the thir-teenth century, it may be. Hoping to discover what language a child would speak if he heard nomother tongue, he told the nurses to keep silent.All the infants died before the first year. But clearly there was more than lack of languagehere. What was missing was good mothering. Without good mothering, in the first year of lifeespecially, the capacity to survive is seriously affected.Today no such severe lack exists as that ordered by Frederick. Nevertheless, some childrenare still backward in speaking. Most often the reason for this is that the mother is insensitive tothe signals of the infant, whose brain is programmed to learn language rapidly. If these sensitiveperiods are neglected , the ideal time for acquiring skills passes and they might never be learned soeasily again. A bird learns to sing and to fly rapidly at the right time, but the process is slow andhard once the critical stage has passed.Experts suggest that speech stages are reached in a fixed sequence and at a constant age, butthere are cases where speech has started late in a child who eventuaLly turns out to be of high IQ.At twelve weeks a baby smiles and makes vowel-like sounds; at twelve months he can speak sim-ple words and understand simple commands; at eighteen months he has a vocabulary of three tofifty words. At three he knows about l ,000 words which he can put into sentences, and at fourhis language differs from that of his parents in style rather than grammar.Recent evidence suggests that an infant is born with the capacity to speak. What is specialabout man's brain, compared with that of the monkey, if the complex system which enables achild to connect the sight and feel of, say, a toy-bear with the sound pattem "toy-bear" . Andeven more incredible is the young brain' s ability to pick out an order in language from the mixtureof sound around him, to analyse, to combine and recombine the parts of a language in new ways.But speech has to be induced, and this depends on interaction between the mother and thechild , where the mother recognizes the signals in the child' s babbling ( 咿呀学语) , grasping andsmiling, and responds to them. Insensitivity of the mother to these signals dulls the interactionbecause the child gets discouraged and sends out only the obvious signals. Sensitivity to thechild ' s non-verbal signals is essential to the growth and development of language.31 . The purpose of Frederick II's experiment was__A. to prove that children are born with the ability to speakB. to discover what language a child would speak without hearing any human speechC. to find out what role careful nursing would play in teaching a child to speakD. to prove that a child could be damaged without learning a language32. The reason some children are backward in speaking is most probably that__A. they are incapable of learning language rapidlyB. they are exposed to too much language at onceC. their mothers respond inadequately to their attempts to speakD. their mothers are not intelligent enough to help them33 . What is exceptionally remarkable about a child is thatA. he is born with the capacity to speakB. he has a brain more complex than an animal'sC. he can produce his own sentencesD. he owes his speech ability to good nursing34. Which of the fonowing can NOT be inferred from the passage?A. The faculty of speech is inborn in man.B. Encouragement is anything but essential to a child in language learning.C. The child' s brain is highly selective.D. Most children learn their language in definite stages.35. If a child starts to speak later than others, he willA. have a high IQB. be less intelligentC. be insensitive to verbal signalsD. not necessarily be backward2In general , our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic ( 官僚主义的)management in which man becomes a small , well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oilingis done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and"human-relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become power-less, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact ,the blue-and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of au-tomated machines and bureaucratic management .The worker and employee are anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of ajob; they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction o r i n t e r e s t i n b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 4 " > l i f e . T h e y l i v e a n d d i e w i t h o u t e v e r h a v i n g c o n f r o n t e d t h e f u n d a m e n t a l r e a l i t i e s o f h u m a n e x i s - b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 5 " > t e n c e a s e m o t i o n a l l y a n d i n t e l l e c t u a l l y i n d e p e n d e n t a n d p r o d u c t i v e h u m a n b e i n g s . b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 6 " > T h o s e h i g h e r u p o n t h e s o c i a l l a d d e r a r e n o l e s s a n x i o u s . T h e i r l i v e s a r e n o l e s s e m p t y t h a n b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 7 " > t h o s e o f t h e i r s u b o r d i n a t e s . T h e y a r e e v e n m o r e i n s e c u r e i n s o m e r e s p e c t s . T h e y a r e i n a h i g h l y b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 8 " > c o m p e t i t i v e r a c e . T o b e p r o m o t e d o r t o f a l l b e h i n d i s n o t a m a t t e r o f s a l a r y b u t e v e n m o r e a m a t t e r b r b d s f i d = " 1 8 9 " > o f s e l f - r e s p e c t . W h e n t h e y a p p l y f o r t h e i r f i r s t j o b , t h e y a r e t e s t e d f o r i n t e l l i g e n c e a s w e l l a s f o r b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 0 " > t h e t i g h t m i x t u r e o f s u b m i s s i v e n e s s a n d i n d e p e n d e n c e . F r o m t h a t m o m e n t o n t h e y a r e t e s t e d a - b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 1 " > g a i n a n d a g a i n - b y t h e p s y c h o l o g i s t s , f o r w h o m t e s t i n g i s a b i g b u s i n e s s , a n d b y t h e i r s u p e r i o r s , b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 2 " > w h o j u d g e t he i r b e h a v i o r , s o c i a b i l i t y , c a p a c i t y t o g e t a l o n g , e t c . T h i s c o n s t a n t n e e d t o p r o v e t h a t b r b d sf i d = " 1 9 3 " > o n e i s a sg o o d a s o r b e t t e r th a n o n e ' s f e l l o w - c o m p e ti t o r c r e a t e s c o n s t a n t a n x ie t y a n d s t r e s s , t h e b r b d sf i d = " 1 9 4 " > v e r y c a u s e s o f u n h a p p i n e s s a n d i l l n e s s . b r b d s f i d = " 19 5 " > A m I s u g g e s t i n g t h a t w e s h o u l d r e t u r n t o t h e p r e i n d u s t r i a l m o d e o f p r o d u c t i o n ' o r t o n i n e - b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 6 " > t e e n t h - c e n t u r y " f r e e e n t e r p r i s e " c a p i t a l i s m ? C e r t a i n l y n o t . P r o b l e m s a r e n e v e r s o l v e d b y r e t u r n i n g b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 7 " > t o a s t a g e w h i c h o n e h a s a l r e a d y o u t g r o w n . I s u g g e s t t r a n s f o r m i n g o u r s o c i a l s y s t e m f r o m a b u - b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 8 " > r e a u c r a t i c a l l y m a n a g e d i n d u s t r i a l i s m i n w h i c h m a x i m a l p r o d u c t i o n a n d c o n s u m p t i o n a r e e n d s i n b r b d s f i d = " 1 9 9 " > t h e m s e l v e s i n t o a h u m a n i s t i n d u s t r i a l i s m i n w h i c h m a n a n d f u l l d e v e l o p m e n t o f h i s p o t e n t i a l i t i e s - b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 0 " > t h o s e o f l o v e a n d o f r e a s o n - a r e t h e a i m s o f a l l s o c i a l a r r a n g e m e n t s . P r o d u c t i o n a n d c o n s u m p t i o n b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 1 " > s h o u l d s e r v e o n l y a s m e a n s t o t h i s e n d , a n d s h o u l d b e p r e v e n t e d f r o m r u l i n g m a n . b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 2 " > 3 6 . B y " a w e l l - o i l e d c o g i n t h e m a c h i n e r y " t h e a u t h o r i n t e n d s t o r e n d e r t h e i d e a t h a t m a n i s b r b d s f i d = " 2 0 3 " > A . a ne c e s s a r y p a r t of t h e s o c i e t y t h o ugh e a c hi n d i v i d u a l ' s f u n c t i o n i s n e g l i g i b l e b r b d s f i d = " 2 04 " > B . w o r k i n g i n c o m p l e t e h a r m o n y w i t h t h e r e s t o f t h e s o c i e t y b r b d s f i d = " 2 05 " > C . a n u n i m p o r t a n t p a r t i n c o m p a r i s o n w i t h t h e r e s t o f t h e s o c i e t y , t h o u g h f u n c t i o n i n g b r b d s f i d = " 2 06 " > s m o o t h l y b r b d s f i d = " 2 07 " > D . a h u m b l e c o m p o n e n t o f t h e s o c i e t y , e s p e c i a l l y w h e n w o r k i n g s m o o t h l y b r b d s f i d = " 2 08 " > 3 7 . T h e r e a l c a u s e o f t h e a n x i e t y o f t h e w o r k e r s a n d e m p l o y e e s i s t h a t b r b d s f i d = " 2 09 " > A . t h e y a r e l i k e l y t o l o s e t h e i r j o b s b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 0 " > B . t h e y h a v e n o g e n u i n e s a t i s f a c t i o n o r i n t e r e s t i n l i f e b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 1 " > C . t h e y a r e f a c e d w i t h t h e f u n d a m e n t a l r e a l i t i e s o f h u m a n e x i s t e n c e b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 2 " > D . t h e y a r e d e p r t v e d o f t h e i r i n d i v i d u a l i t y a n d i n d e p e n d e n c e b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 3 " > 3 8 . F r o m t h e p a s s a g e w e c a n i n f e r t h a t r e a l h a p p i n e s s o f l i f e b e l o n g s t o t h o s e b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 4 " > A . w h o a r e a t t h e b o t t o m o f t h e s o c i e t y b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 5 " > B . w h o a r e h i g h e r u p i n t h e i r s o c i a l s t a t u s b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 6 " > C . w h o p r o v e b e t t e r t h a n t h e i r f e l l o w - c o m p e t i t o r s b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 7 " > D . w h o c o u l d k e e p f a r a w a y f r o m t h i s c o m p e t i t i v e w o r l d b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 8 " > 3 9 . T o s o l v e t h e p r e s e n t s o c i a l p r o b l e m s t h e a u t h o r s u g g e s t s t h a t w e s h o u l d b r b d s f i d = " 2 1 9 " > A . r e s o r t t o t h e p r o d u c t i o n m o d e o f o u r a n c e s t o r s b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 0 " > B . o f f e r h i g h e r w a g e s t o t h e w o r k e r s a n d e m p l o y e e s b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 1 " > C . e n a b l e m a n t o f u l l y d e v e l o p h i s p o t e n t i a l i t i e s b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 2 " > D . t a k e t h e f u n d a m e n t a l r e a l i t i e s f o r g r a n t e d b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 3 " > 4 0 . T h e a u t h o r ' s a t t i t u d e t o w a r d s i n d u s t r i a l i s m m i g h t b e s tb e s u m m a r i z e d a s o n e o f _ _ b r b d s f i d = " 2 2 4 " > A . a p p r o v a l B . d i s s a t i s f ac t i o n b r bd s f i d = " 2 25 " > C . s u s p i c i o n D . t o l e r a n c e b r b d s f i d = " 2 26 " > 3 b r b d s f i d = " 2 27 " > W h e n a n i n v e n t i o n i s ma d e , t h e i n v e n t o r h a s t h r e e p o s s ib l ec o u r s e s o f a c t i o n o p e n t o h i m : h e b r bd s f i d = " 2 2 8 " > c a n g i ve t h e i n v e n t i o n t o t h e w o r l d b y p u b l i s h i n g i t , k e e p t h e i d e a s e c r e t , o r p a t e n t i t . b r b d sf i d = " 2 2 9 " > Ag r a n t e d p a t e n t i s th e r e s u l t o f a b a r g ai n s t r u c k b e t w e e n a n i n v e n t o r a n d t h e s t a t e , b y。

1993年翻译题解1

北京新东方国内部唐静《考研英语拆分与组合翻译法》第四章第四节1993年翻译题解说明：欢迎转载，最好注明出处。

这是早期写这本《拆分与组合翻译法》的稿子，所以，或许其中有些小错，敬请谅解，并指出，我会在新浪上专门放一篇文章，大家可以对我这本书中的错误进行讨论。

我想用点时间，争取明年新版的时候把这本书中的内容稍微改一改。

如何使用这个材料，我也在新浪博客上会有说明。

我的博客：/tangjing谢谢你们，祝福各位考研人。

唐静2011年2月16日。

71) The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary○1○2mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned○3○4about and given precise and exact explanation. (38 words)拆分：○1整个句子是一个并列复合句，第一个并列结构的谓语是系表结构，○2第一个并列结构中的表语部分，○3第二个并列结构的主干部分，○4which引导定语从句，修饰mode。

炼词：1）investigation是动词investigate的名词形式，它有“调查，研究”的意思。

2）expression有“表达，说明；表情，态度；说法，措辞，表达方式”等意思。

expression 的动词形式是express，它是“表示，表达，表现，表白”等意思。

expressionist是“表现主义的，表现派作家”等意思，expressionism是表现主义的意思。

3）mode是“方式，方法，情况；样式，款式；流行，时髦”等意思，跟mode搭配的习惯用法有：become the mode（流行起来），follow the mode（赶时髦），in mode（正流行），out of mode（不流行，过时）。

1993年考研英语试题及参考答案（3）

Ⅲ. For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C,and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackeningthe corresponding letter in the brackets. ( 15 points)Although interior design has existed since the beginning of architecture , its development intoa specialized field is really quite recent. Interior designers have become important partly because of the many functions that might be (46) in a single large building.The importance of interior design becomes (47) when we realize how much time we (48) surrounded by four walls. Whenever we need to be indoors, we want our surroundings tobe ( 49) attractive and comfortable as possible. We also expect (50 ) place to be appropri-ate to its use. You would be (51 ) if the inside of your bedroom were suddenLy changed tolook (52) the inside of a restaurant. And you wouldn' t feel (53 ) in a business officethat has the appearance of a school.It soon becomes clear that the interior designer' s most important basic (54) . is the func-tion of the particular (55 ) . For example , a theater with poor sight lines, poor sound-shaping aualitles , and (56) few entries and exits will not work for ( 57) purpose , no matter how beautifully it might be ( 58) . Nevertheless, (59) for any kind of space, lighting and decoration of everything from ceiling to floor. (60) addition, the designer must usually select furniture ordesign built-in furniture , according to the functions that need to be served.46. A. consisted B. contained C. composed D. comprised47. A. obscure B. attractive C. appropriate D. evident48. A. spend B. require C. settle D. retain49. A. so B. as C. thus D. such50. A. some B. any C. this D. each51 . A. amused B. interested C. shocked D. frightened52. A. like B. for C. at D. into53. A. correct B. proper C. right D. suitable54. A. care B. concern C. attention D. intention55. A. circumstance B. environment C. surroundings D. space56. A. too B. quite C. a D. far57. A. their B. its C. those D. that58. A. painted B. covered C. ornamented D. decorated59 . A. solutions B. conclusions C. decisions D. determinations60. A. For B. In C. As D. WithⅣ . Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A, B, C, and D. Identifythe part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets .Then ,without altering the meaning ofthe sentence, write down your correction on the line on the ANSWER SHEET. ( IO pnint. ) EXAMPLE :A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition which they saw manyA B C Unew products .Answer C is wrong because the sentence should read , "A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw many new products. " So you should choose C and write the correction "where" on the line.Sample Answer[A][B][_C_][D] where61 . He cannot tell the difference between true praise and flattering statements making only toA B Cgain his favor.D62 . They want to expose those educational disadvantaged students to creative, enriching educa-A Btional experiences for a five-year period.C D63. The changes that took place in air travel during the last sixty years would have seemed com-A B Cpletely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at the turn of the 19th century.D64. I don' t think it advisable that he will be assigned to the job since he has no experienceA B Cwhatsoever .D65. Beethoven, the great musician, wrote nine symphonies in his life, most of them were writtenA Bafter he had lost his hearing.C D66. Mr. Jankin regretted to blame his secretary for the mistake, for he later discovered it was hisA B C Down fault.67. As for the influence of computerization, nowhere we have seen the results more clearly thanA Bin the U.S. , which really have surprised us all.C D68. At times , more care goes into the composition of newspaper and magazine advenisementsA Bthan the writing of features and editorials.C D69. It is required by law that a husband have to pay the debts of his wife until formal notice isA Bgiven that he no longer has to pay her.C D70. Over the years, a large number of overseas students have studied at that universityA Bin the result that it has acquired substantial experience in dealing with them.C D。

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1993年考研翻译真题精解71．The method of scientific investigation is nothing but theexpression_r_r of the necessary mode of working of the human mind; it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.结构分析：分号相当于汉语的句号，因此整个句子分为两个分句，第一个句子的主语是the method of scientific investigation，谓语是is，nothing but 是个短语，意思为“只不过，仅仅”，the expression_r_r of the necessary mode of working of the human mind是个固定名词短语，其核心成分是expression_r_r，它后面接了很长的介词短语做其后置定语，翻译时由后面往前面翻译，第二个句子的主语是it （指代前面的the method），by which引导的是个定语从句，限定前面的名词mode，定语从句里的主语是all phenomena，从句的谓语用了两个并列的被动语态。

参考译文：科学研究的方法只不过是人类思维活动必要的表达方式，这一科学方法也仅仅是对一切现象进行推理并给以精确而严谨解释的那种方式。

72．There is no more difference, but there is just the same kind of difference, between the mental operations of a man of science and those of an ordinary person, as there is between the operations and methodsof a baker or of a butcher weighing out his goods in common scales, and the operations of a chemist in performing a difficult and complex analysis by means of his balance and finely graded weights. It is not that the scales in the one case，and the balance in the other, differ in the principles of their construction or manner of working; but that the latter is much finer apparatus and of course much more accurate in its measurement than the former.结构分析：逗号相当于句号。

这一句子是由not that….but that引导的一个并列分句结构，并列两个句子，翻译成为：不是因为…而是因为。

在not that引导的从句里面由the scales和the balance两个并列名词做主语，且in the one case 和In the other （后面省略了与前面相同的词case）属于词组并列；谓语是differ in(在…方面有不同)；后面的or是个并列连词，连接principles和manner这两个名词短语。

第二个从句有省略，应该理解为but it is that，从句的主语是the latter(翻译成“后者”，指代前面的名词the balance)，than是个比较连词，and并列的前面是个名词much finer apparatus，后面并列的不是个介词，而是个形容词词组much more accurate in its measurement。

参考译文：这并不是因为一方面（指面包师或卖肉者）所用的磅秤和另一方面（指化学家）所用的天平在构造原理或工作方式上存在差别，而是因为与前者相比，后者是一种更精密的仪器，因而在计量上必然更精确得多。

测试点：并列结构；省略结构；指代关系；举一反三：并列结构包括词、短语和句子的并列，在理解时一般要参照对比并列连接词后的词语，综合考虑是词或词组的并列，还是句子的并列。

英语中经常出现固定短语的并列，比如both…and; between…and; such….as….; the same….as等，这在我基础班和公开课里讲到过。

73．You have all heard it repeated that men of science work by means of induction(归纳法)and deduction，that by the help of these operations，they，in a sort of sense，manage to extract from Nature certain natural laws，and that out of these，by some special skill of their own，they build up their theories.结构分析：本句的主谓是you have all heard，it做形式宾语，一般不翻译，repeated做it的宾语补足语，可以理解为“多次”，后面三个that引导的宾语做真正的宾语。

在第一个宾语从句里面，men of science做主语，谓语是work，介词by means of做方式状语；第二个宾语从句里的by the help of these operations做方式状语，主语是they，介词短语in a sort of sense是个固定成分，单独翻译；第三个宾语从句是由and that 引导的，两个介词短语out of these 和by some special skill of their own做方式状语，these因为其是个复数名词，所以指代前面的natural laws(自然规律)。

参考译文：你们都曾多次听说过，科学家是通过归纳法和演绎法来工作的；在某种意义上说，他们用这些方法设法从自然界中找出某些自然规律；然后他们根据这些规律，用自己的一些特殊的本领，来建立起他们的理论。

测试点：从句并列；形式宾语it; 代词指代举一反三：it经常在翻译里面做形式主语和宾语，在表达时一般不翻译出来。

介词短语要多记，因为它经常是单独翻译的。

74．And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.结构分析：形式主语It 和被动语态使用时，一般要求把被动翻译成为主动，有时没主语时，还要补上其主语。

By no means是个固定短语，意思是“绝对不，根本不能”，these processes指代前面的科学家的思维活动，and that 引导的是第二个主语从句，从句的主语they指代前面出现的名词these processes。

To be acquired是个被动语态，应该翻译成主动形式。

参考译文：许多人以为普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，同时还认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。

测试点：被动语态；that引导的并列主语从句；固定词组；代词指代举一反三：被动变主动翻译方法；形式主语it一般不翻译。

75．Probably there is not one here who has not in the course of the day had occasion to set in motion a complex train of reasoning，of the very same kind，though differing in degree，as that which a scientific man goes through in tracing the causes of natural phenomena.结构分析：本句主语there be的句型。

one是个代词，意思是“人或人们”，who 引导的是个定语从句，in the course of the day（在一天当中）是个固定介词短语，set sth. in motion（表示使...开始/行动）是个动词短语，但由于set的宾语a complex train of reasoning太长，所以把它的宾语放到后面去了，介词短语of the very same kind修饰前面的动名词reasoning，固定短语the same….as(与......一样)中间插入了一个though differing in degree让步状语成分，that是个代词，指代句子里面的reasoning(推理活动)，引导词which修饰前面的that，引导的是个定语从句。

参考译文：大概不会有人一整天都没有机会来进行一连串复杂的思考或推理活动，这些思考活动与科学家在探索自然现象原因时所经历的思考活动，尽管复杂程度不同，但在性质上是完全一样的。

测试点：宾语后置；定语从句；插入结构；固定短语；that的用法举一反三：宾语后置是近几年的考试热点，它一般是某些动词短语的宾语太长，为了避免头重脚轻，所以放到后面去了。

还有课堂上提到的that的5大考点，一定要记住，每次都会考到，另外固定短语the same…as，定语从句等也经常考到。

希望广大考生把这道题作为重点复习的内容。