2007年秋季研究生阅读期末考试试题(A卷)

试卷一
Part I Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and
D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the
Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions1 to 5 are based on the following passage.
Oceanography has been defined as "The application of all sciences to the study of the sea". Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.
For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question "What is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.
It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(测深) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.
The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition (考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.
1. The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on _____.
A) an academic aspect C) a business aspect
B) a military aspect D) an international aspect
2. It was _____ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies
A) the American Navy
B) some early intercontinental travellers
C) those who earned a living from the sea
D) the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable
3. The aim of .the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was _____.
A) to make some sounding experiments in the oceans
B) to collect samples of sea plants and animals
C) to estimate the length of cable that was needed
D) to measure the depths of the two oceans
4. "Defied" in the 4th paragraph probably means" _____.
A) doubted B) gave proof to C) challenged D) agreed to
5. This passage is mainly about _____.
A) the beginnings of oceanography B) the laying of the first undersea cable
C) the investigation of ocean depths D) the early intercontinental communications
Passage Two
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.
For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will ha of benefit to him later in his career.
6. Normally a student would at least attend ____ classes each week
A)36 B) 12 C)20 D) 15
7. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed _____.
A) to live in a different university
B) to take a particular course in a different university
C) to live at home and drive to classes
D) to get two degrees from two different universities
8. American university students are usually under pressure of work because _____
A) their academic performance will affect their future careers
B) they are heavily involved in student affairs
C) they have to observe university discipline
D) they want to run for positions of authority
9. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because _____.
A) they hate the constant pressure and strain of their study
B) they will then be able to stay longer in the university
C) such positions help them get better jobs
D) such positions are usually well paid
10. The student organizations seem to be effective in _____.
A) dealing with the academic affairs of the university
B) ensuring that the students observe university regulations
C) evaluating students’ performance by bringing them before a court
D) keeping up the students' enthusiasm for social activities
Passage Three
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you're "hot". That's true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues(自言自语) as: "Get up, John! You'll be late for work again!" The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends When husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract (对抗) your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam(鼓起干劲) and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet m the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save jobs requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
11. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably _____.
A) he is a lazy person B) he refuses to follow his own energy cycle
C) he is not sure when his energy is low D) he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening
12. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?
A) Unawareness of energy cycles.
B) Familiar monologues.
C) A change in a family member's energy cycle.
D) Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.
13. If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should _____.
A) change his energy cycle C) get up earlier than usual
B) overcome his laziness D) go to bed earlier
14. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will _____.
A) help to keep your energy for the day's work
B) help you to control your temper early in the day
C) enable you to concentrate on your routine work
D) keep your energy cycle under control all day
15. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A) Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one's energy.
B) Dr. Kleitman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.
C) Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.
D) Children have energy cycles, too.
Passage Four
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (把……按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!
Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contribute to all these aspects of learning.
In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyse and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.
16. In the passage the author's attitude towards "mixed-ability teaching" is _____.
A) critical B) questioning C) approving D) objective
17. By "held back" (Line I) the author means “_____”.
A) made to remain in the same classes C) drawn to their studies
B) forced to study in the lower classes D) prevented from advancing
18. The author argues that a teacher's chief concern should be the development of the studen t’s
_____.
A) personal qualities and social skills C) learning ability and communicative skills
B) total personality D) intellectual ability
19. Which of the following is NOT Mentioned in the third paragraph?
A) Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with others.
B) Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.
C) Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizers
D) Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.
20. The author's purpose in writhe this passage is to _____.
A) argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class
B) recommend pair work and group work for classroom activities
C) offer advice on the proper use of the library
D) emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching
Section B
注意：阅读理解的Section B为简答题，题目在试卷二上。

Part II Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the
sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line
through the centre.
21.I went along thinking of nothing ______, only looking at things around me.
A) in particular B) in harmony
C) in doubt D) in brief
22.Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has ______ the quality of the
programs.
A) lessened B) declined
C) affected D) effected
23.I must congratulate you ______ the excellent design of the new bridge.
A) with B) of
C) at D) on
24.There is a fully ______ health center on the ground floor of the main office building.
A) installed B) equipped
C) provided D) projected
25.For more than 20 years, we've been supporting educational programs that _____ from
kindergartens to colleges.
A) move B) shift
C) range D) spread
26.The ______ at the military academy is so rigid that students can hardly bear it.
A) convention B) confinement
C) principle D) discipline
27.The test results are beyond______; they have been repeated in labs all over the world.
A) negotiation B) conflict
C) bargain D) dispute
28.I was so ______in today's history lesson. I didn’t understand a thing.
A) amazed B) neglected
C) confused D) amused
29.It ______ you to at least 50% off the regular price of either frames or lenses when you buy
both.
A) presents B) entitles
C) credits D) tips
30.Deserts and high mountains have always been a ______ to the movement of people from
place to place.
A) barrier B) fence
C) prevention D) jam
31.In order to make things convenient for the people, the department is planning to set up some
______ shops in the residential area.
A) flowing B) drifting
C) mobile D) unstable
32.Mr. Smith says: "The media are very good at sensing a mood and then ______ it."
A) overtaking B) enlarging
C) widening D) exaggerating
33.This is not an economical way to get more water; ______, it is very expensive.
A) on the other hand B) on the contrary
C) in short D) or else
34.It was the first time that such a ______had to be taken at a British nuclear power station.
A) presentation B) precaution
C) preparation D) prediction
35.______ that he wasn't happy with the arrangements, I tried to book a different hotel.
A) Perceiving B) Penetrating
C) Puzzling D) Preserving
36.The board of the company has decided to ______ its operations to include all aspects of the
clothing business.
A) multiply B) lengthen
C) expand D) stretch
37.His business was very successful, but it was at the ______ of his family life.
A) consumption B) credit
C) exhaustion D) expense
38.First published in 1927, the charts remain an ______ source for researchers.
A) identical B) indispensable
C) intelligent D) inevitable
39.Joe is not good at sports, but when it ______mathematics, he is the best in the class.
A) comes to B) comes up to
C) comes on to D) comes around to
40.Doctors warned against chewing tobacco as a ______ for smoking.
A) relief B) revival
C) substitute D) succession
41.When carbon is added to iron in proper ______the result is steel.
A) rates B) thicknesses
C) proportions D) densities
42.You should try to ______ your ambition and be more realistic.
A) reserve B) restrain
C) retain D) replace
43.Nancy is only a sort of ______ of her husband's opinion and has no ideas of her own.
A) sample B) reproduction
C) shadow D) echo
44.Now that spring is here, you can ______ these fur coats till you need them again next winter.
A) put over B) put away
C) put off D) put down
45.There is a _____ of impatience in the tone of his voice.
A) hint B) notion
C) dot D) phrase
46.Please ______dictionaries when you are not sure of word spelling or meaning.
A) seek B) inquire
C) search D) consult
47.At yesterday's party, Elizabeth's boyfriend amused us by ______ Charlie Chaplin.
A) copying B) following
C) imitating D) modeling
48.She keeps a supply of candles in the house in case of power ______.
A) failure B) lack
C) absence D) drop
49.The group of technicians are engaged in a study which ______ all aspects of urban planning.
A) inserts B) grips
C) performs D) embraces
50.The lecture which lasted about three hours was so ______ that the audience couldn't help
yawning.
A) tedious B) bored
C) clumsy D) tired
Part III Use of English (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper You should choose the ONE that
best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with
a single line through the centre.
What will be is an impressive and visionary guide to the future, filled with insights on how information technology will transform our lives and our world in the new century.
The author, Michael Dertouzos, stands (51) from many of the forecasters and commentators who bombard us daily with (52) of this future. F or twenty years he has led one of the world’s (53) research laboratories, whose members have brought the world (54) computers, the ether-net, and startup companies.
As a visionary, his (55) _ have been on the mark: in 1981, he described the (56) of an information marketplace as “a twenty-first-century village marketplace where people and computers buy, sell, and freely exchange information and information services.”T hat’s a(57) description of the Internet as we know it today.
Naturally, we do not agree on all the (58) ways the new world will (59) or affect us. This is as
it should be. There is plenty of room for (60) ideas and debate concerning the rich and promising setting ahead. W hat’s more important is that people become (61), and form their own opinions, about the changes (62).
When it (63) to that future world, what we do (64) far outweighs our differences. New businesses will be created and new (65) will be made in the (66) areas of activity this book describes. More important, radical changes in hardware, software, and infrastructure will (67) in ways large and small our social lives, our families, our jobs, our health, our environment, our economy, and even the (68) we see for ourselves in the universe. Whoever (69) the coming information revolution ——and that’s (70) all of us —— needs to know what will be.
51. A beyond B behind C apart D out
52. A highlights B perceptions C adventures D speculations
53. A empirical B wearisome C tentative D pioneering
54. A updated B fair-minded C underprivileged D well-defined
55. A transactions B interpretations C reflections D predictions
56. A thought B concept C view D angle
57. A desirable B inaccurate C monetary D dismayed
58. A mere B typical C specific D odd
59. A evolve B assemble C betray D depress
60. A ingenuous B pervasive C democratic D original
61. A informed B acquainted C confined D reassured
62. A past B inwards C ahead D upside-down
63. A adds B amounts C leads D comes
64. A scorn B consent C encounter D surpass
65. A dooms B fortunes C destinies D prophecies
66. A lofty B supreme C alien D novel
67. A reign B alter C chock D breed
68. A scope B context C range D territory
69. A anticipates B justifies C dominates D foretells
70. A plausibly B thoroughly C virtually D radically
试卷二
Part I Section B （20minutes）You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 71—80 which are based on the reading passage below
KOALA
Many people love the cute koala bear. This animal has been made into stuffed toys all over the world. But it is rare to see thi s creature alive and moving, because it’s gradually becoming extinct.
The koala, like the kangaroo, is actually a marsupial. It contains a small pouch for its young, like the kangaroo. For this reason, the koala is not related to true bears. In appearance, it is a combination of a monkey and a kangaroo.
Koalas are native to Australia, although they are now chiefly found in New South Wales and
Queensland. They are highly protected animals, because their number has greatly diminished in the last ten years. The koala has been hunted since the middle of this century for fur and food, which has moved it from its normal habitats. Today, anyone fund harming a koala is severely punished by the law.
Koalas get their endearing appearance from a covering of gray fur and little tufts of white hair on the sides of their faces. Their eyes are small and black, set in their head. They have large ears and curved noses, but no tail. They use their arms and paws to climb through the trees. Koalas have interesting living habits. They are nocturnal, which means that they move around chiefly at night. Koalas do not stay on the ground. They move from tree to tree, carefully lowering and raising themselves by their paws. Koalas have a surprisingly long life span, which can range from 9 to 20 years, in rare cases.
The Koala is the only mammal, other than the Greater Glider and Ringtail Possum, which can survive on a diet of eucalyptus leaves. Eucalyptus leaves are very fibrous and low in nutrition, and to most animals are extremely poisonous. To cope with such a diet, nature has equipped koalas with specialized adaptations. A very slow metabolic rate allows koalas to retain food within their digestive system for a relatively long period of time, maximizing the amount of energy able to be extracted. At the same time, this slow metabolic rate minimizes energy requirement. Koalas also sleep somewhere between 18 and 22 hours each day in order to conserve energy. Koalas eat only the leaves of the eucalyptus, which is another reason that they are now becoming extinct. The eucalyptus tree is disappearing from their natural habitats, fighting a battle against extinction all its own.
The koala’s worst enemy, besides hunters, is fire. When a tree is inflamed, often they cannot run fast enough to save themselves. Baby koalas are in danger around certain kinds of lizards and eagles, although they are protected today by natural habitats set up for them. It is interesting to note that many koalas die from being hit by cars, and some are even attacked by dogs! Their main form of defense is climbing, but they sometimes try to use their paws.
Koalas raise their young in a special way. A cub is usually about one inch at birth, where it lays in the mother’s pouch. It will stay in the pouch for a li ttle over half a year, during which time the mother carries and feeds the baby. At seven weeks, a tiny koala has a head larger than its body, of about 26 millimeters. By 22 weeks, the baby begins to turn in the pouch and kick, occasionally looking out into the natural world. By 24 weeks, the cub is fully covered with fur, and brain development is complete. Teeth are fully formed. At thirty weeks, the cubs climbs out and in of the pouch, clinging to the mother’s belly in agreeable weather. From 37 weeks onwa rd, the baby is independent of the mother, although it will rarely move more than a meter away from her in its first few weeks. Baby koalas are strongly protected by their mothers, and the familial bond is very strong in the koala world. One can tell if a baby is separated from its mother by tiny squeaks of panic.
Because koala bears are so cute and rare, they are often found in zoos, where their natural environment can be maintained. Although they only wake at night, sometimes it is possible to see
them moving around at twilight and early morning. During the day, they mainly sleep in trees, but they are fun to watch, nonetheless.
Koalas are in grave danger because of three main threats. Their source of food is depleting, because the eucalyptus is suscep tible to loggers, pharmacists and changing weather. The koala’s body chemistry is also delicate, and it is extremely susceptible to diseases and bacteria not native to its environment. Finally, a certain strain of venereal disease is killing off many Australian koalas, causing deformity at birth and short life spans.
The largest force to contribute to koala extinction has been hunting. Koala furs are luxurious and warm, and at one point they were in demand all over the world. In 1924, at least 2.1 million skins were exported from Australia alone! Forest clearance has also depleted the numbers of the koala, and forest fires killed off thousands, especially in the years between 1950 and 1970. Now their greatest enemy is chlamydia, a disease that can also be found in humans. This disease is transmitted by sexual contact, and it has killed over three thousand koalas in the last year.
The war to save koalas has been effective. Their numbers have increased slightly, and actions have been taken to curb contact that will spread venereal deformity. In the next few years, their numbers may rise again, bringing them safely out of the danger zone.
Questions 71-76
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage?
In boxes 71----76 on your answer sheet write:
71. Koalas two main foes are fire and cars.
72. After a koala’s brain is fully developed it emerges outside its pouch.
73. Koalas were hunted only because their furs are luxurious and warm.
74. To save koala people have save the eucalyptus.
75. After nine months a baby koala does not need its mother.
76. Eucalyptus leaves are extremely poisonous to all mammals.
Questions 77- 80
Complete the sentence below (Questions 77-80) with word taken from the passage.
Use NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Write your answers in blanks 77-80 on your answer sheet.
77. It is amusing to watch Koalas ____________________.
78. People who cut down eucalyptus trees are a _________________ to koalas.
79. Foreign ____________________ in its environment are a great problem for koalas.
80. Hunting and forest fires kill off many koalas but now their number one threat is ___________.
Part IV Error detection and correction (20 minutes)
81.Today, the Park Servic administers more than 46,000 square miles of parkland, comprising
A B
about 3,000 protecting areas, and the number is still growing.
C D
82.As his contemporaries Sigmund Freud, Albert Einstein, and Henry Ford, Tomas Alva Edison
A B
profoundly transformed the Western World.
C D
83.Beethoven was a classical composer; the patterns of his tunes, the range of his harmonies, the
A
shape his music takes, are all controlled in a way that musicians call “classical” as apposing
B C D
to “romantic:”
84.Having never been to Switzerland before, he longs very much for a trip there.
A B C D
85.She would marry him, but when she learned that he was a rascal, she parted with him.
A B C D
86.In the United States, many college graduates find it increasingly hard to get a job which they
A B C D
have been trained.
87.So many languages he can speak that he should have no problem traveling around the world.
A B C D
88.After establishing an anonymous telephone reporting system, more crimes were solved.
A B C D
89.I wonder whether it was because he had failed in the examination why he was so unhappy.
A B C D
90.Before liberation the Chinese peasants had to struggle all the year round not only with the
A B C
elements and also with usury（高利贷）and taxation as well.
D。