2007年秋季研究生阅读期末考试试题(A卷)
2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. Theroughly 20 million 1of these nations looked 2to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3the ideals of representative government, careers 4to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7set of laws.On the issue of 8of religion and the position of the church, 9, there was less agreement 10the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11by the Spanish crown. 12most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the 14of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying 15for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality ofeverything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20self-rule and democracy.1.[A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples[D] individuals2.[A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly[D] hopefully3.[A] shared[B] forgot[C] attained[D] rejected4.[A] related[B] close[C] open[D] devoted5.[A] access[B] succession[C] right[D] return6.[A] Presumably[B] Incidentally[C] Obviously[D] Generally7.[A] unique[B] common[C] particular[D] typical8.[A] freedom[B] origin[C] impact[D] reform9.[A] therefore[B] however[C] indeed[D] moreover10.[A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by11.[A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted[D] funded12.[A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While13.[A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against14.[A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion[D] influence15.[A] support[B] cry[C] plea[D] wish16.[A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised17.[A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original18.[A] slower[B] faster[C] easier[D] tougher19.[A] created[B] produced[C] contributed[D] preferred20.[A] puzzled by[B] hostile to[C] pessimistic about[D] unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceivechildren in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born.21.The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22.The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23.According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24.Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25.Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given underlow-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26.Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A] Answering philosophical questions.[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27.What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.28.People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29.We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional test are out of date.30.What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent – and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31.Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32.As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33.According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families’ investment risk.34.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35.Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year – from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley – have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.” Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School. “Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C.Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36.The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations.[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37.According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38.In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that[A] shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39.According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids’ Work SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG. Build Your Kids’ Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness.”41You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.42Kids need a range of authentic role models – as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.43Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.44Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.45They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law.Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to you university library, making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)。
2007年考研英语阅读解翻译与解析
2007年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题解析文章中心：完型填空的命题理论规定，文章的中心思想一般体现在文章首段的首句；有时首段首句其他段落的首句共同表达文章中心思想。
因此，在选择具体题目答案前，把握文章中心对于理解文章语句，把握逻辑关系，确定语意衔接提供了足够的信息依据。
文章首段主题句叙述到By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. 到1830，前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放，宣告成为独立国家。
本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。
本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。
本文的中心思想为前西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地解放以及面对的问题。
题目解析：By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future.1．［A］natives ［B］inhabitants ［C］peoples ［D］individuals 2．［A］confusedly［B］cheerfully ［C］worriedly ［D］hopefully1. 语意辨析题本题目选择名词，在句子中充当主语。
句子叙述到The roughly 20 millionof these nations looked to the future. “这些国家大概有2000万…对未来…。
”选项A. natives 本地人；B. inhabitant居民;C. peoples 民族；D. individuals个体。
不难发现，选项A. natives 本地人，“这些国家大概有2000万本地人…”，符合句子含义；选项B. inhabitant居民，“这些国家大概有2000万居民…”，符合句子含义；选项C. peoples 民族，“这些国家大概有2000万个民族”，显然有悖于常理，不符合句子含义；选项D. individuals个体，“这些国家大概有2000万个体…”，不符合句子含义，个体一般用于区分于集体时使用。
2007考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译(1994-2012)
2007 Text 1①If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier②months of the year than in the late months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.③uesses: a) certain astrological signsWhat might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few gconfer superior soccer skills; b) winter born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”④ined, ledThis success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determ Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of⑤their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming–are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”【重点词汇】certificate n.证书【巧】certif (y证明) +ic（形容词后缀）+ate（作名词后缀表“物”）＝具证明性质的东西→证书。
2007考研英语一阅读
2007考研英语一阅读在2007年的考研英语一考试中，阅读理解部分无疑是考生们最为关注的焦点之一。
这部分不仅占据了试卷总分的较大比重，同时也是考察考生英语综合运用能力的重要环节。
通过对当年考题的分析，我们可以发现几个显著的特点，这些特点对于准备考研英语的同学们来说，具有重要的参考价值。
首先，2007年的考研英语一阅读部分在选材上更加注重实用性和时代性。
文章内容涵盖了社会、经济、文化等多个领域，这要求考生不仅要有扎实的英语基础，还需要对这些领域有一定的了解和认识。
例如，有一篇文章讨论了全球化对世界经济的影响，这就要求考生不仅要理解文章中的词汇和句型，还要能够把握文章的深层含义，以及作者的观点和态度。
其次，题目的设置更加灵活多变。
除了传统的细节理解题、推理判断题和主旨大意题之外，还出现了一些新的题型，如词汇题和句子理解题。
这些题型的出现，不仅增加了考试的难度，也对考生的英语阅读能力提出了更高的要求。
考生在备考时，需要加强对于各种题型的练习，提高自己的应变能力。
再者，文章的长度和难度有所增加。
2007年的考研英语一阅读文章普遍较长，生词和复杂句型也较多，这对考生的阅读速度和理解能力是一个很大的挑战。
因此，考生在备考过程中，应该通过大量的阅读练习来提高自己的阅读速度和理解能力，同时，也要注意积累词汇和熟悉各种句型结构。
最后，文章的逻辑结构更加复杂。
很多文章采用了对比、举例、因果等论证方法，这要求考生在阅读时不仅要理解文章的表面信息，还要能够把握文章的内在逻辑关系。
因此，考生在备考时，应该加强对文章结构的分析能力，学会从宏观上把握文章的主旨和结构。
综上所述，2007年的考研英语一阅读部分对考生提出了更高的要求，考生在备考时应该注重提高自己的英语综合运用能力，加强对各种题型的练习，提高阅读速度和理解能力，以及加强对文章结构的分析能力。
只有这样，才能在考试中取得理想的成绩。
2007年英语考研阅读
2007年英语考研阅读2007年的英语考研阅读部分，是检验考生英语综合运用能力的重要环节。
这一年的阅读材料涵盖了广泛的主题，包括社会现象、科技发展、文化差异等，旨在考查考生对不同领域信息的理解和分析能力。
首先，考生需要具备快速阅读和理解文章主旨的能力。
文章通常包含大量的细节信息，考生需要在有限的时间内抓住文章的核心观点。
例如，有一篇文章讨论了现代科技对人们生活方式的影响，考生需要理解作者的主要论点，并能够从文章中提取支持这一观点的证据。
其次，考生需要能够理解文章中的观点和论据。
这不仅要求考生掌握一定的词汇量，还要求他们能够理解复杂的句型结构和修辞手法。
在2007年的考研阅读中，有一篇文章通过对比分析，探讨了不同文化背景下人们对于时间观念的差异。
考生需要识别出文章中的比较结构，并理解这些结构如何支持作者的论点。
此外，考生还需要具备推理和判断的能力。
在阅读过程中，考生可能会遇到作者并未直接表述的观点，这时就需要考生根据文章提供的信息进行合理的推断。
例如，有一篇文章讨论了全球化对教育的影响，虽然作者没有明确指出全球化的负面影响，但通过分析文章中的例证和论述，考生可以推断出作者对这一现象的担忧。
最后，考生在完成阅读部分后，还需要回答一系列问题，这些问题旨在检验考生对文章内容的理解和分析能力。
问题类型多样，包括事实细节题、推理判断题、主旨大意题等。
考生需要仔细审题，并结合文章内容给出准确的答案。
总的来说，2007年的英语考研阅读部分是对考生英语阅读能力的全面考查。
考生需要具备快速阅读、理解主旨、分析论据、推理判断等多方面的能力，才能在这一环节取得好成绩。
通过这样的考试，可以有效地评估考生是否具备在研究生阶段进行学术研究所需的英语阅读能力。
2007年全国研究生考试英语真题【4】
2007年全国研究生考试英语真题【4】Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids’ Work SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG. Build Your Kids’ Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness.”You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds ofinterests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.Kids need a range of authentic role models – as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and thinkcritically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline whichencourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.。
2007考研英语阅读翻译(正文+选项)
2007 Text 1如果你打算在2006年世界杯锦标赛上调查所有足球运动员的出生证明，那么你很有可能发现一个引人注目的巧合：优秀足球运动员更可能出生于每年的前几个月而不是后几个月。
如果你接着调查世界杯和职业比赛的欧洲国家青年队的话，那么你会发现这一奇怪的现象甚至更明显。
什么可以解释这一奇怪的现象呢？下面是一些猜测：a）某种占星术征兆使人具备更高的足球技能；b）冬季出生的婴儿往往具有更高的供氧能力，这增加了踢足球的持久力；c）热爱足球的父母更可能在春季（每年足球狂热的鼎盛时期）怀孕；d）以上各项都不是。
58岁的安德斯?埃里克森是佛罗里达州立大学的一名心理学教授，他说，他坚信“以上各项都不是”这一猜测。
在瑞典长大的埃里克森，一直研究核工程，直到他认识到，如果他转向心理学领域，他将会有更多机会从事自己的研究。
他的首次试验是在大约30年以前进行的，与记忆相关：训练一个人先听一组任意挑选的数字，然后复述这些数字。
“在经过大约20小时的训练之后，第一个试验对象（复述）的数字跨度从7个上升到20个，” 埃里克森回忆说。
“该试验对象不断进步，在接受大约200个小时的训练后，他复述的数字已经达到80多个。
”这一成功，连同后来证明的记忆本身不是遗传决定的研究，使得埃里克森得出结论，即记忆过程是一种认知练习，而不是一种本能练习。
换句话说，无论两个人在记忆力能力上可能存在怎样的天生差异，这些差异都会被每个人如何恰当地“解读”所记的信息所掩盖。
埃里克森确信，了解如何有目的地解读信息的最佳方法就是一个为人所知的有意练习过程。
有意练习需要的不仅仅是简单地重复一个任务。
相反，它包括确定明确的目标、获得即时的反馈以及技术与结果的浓缩。
因此，埃里克森和他的同事开始研究包括足球领域在内的广泛领域中专业执行者。
他们收集了能够收集的所有资料，不只是表现方面的统计数据和传记详细资料，还包括他们自己对取得很高成就的人员进行的实验室实验结果。
考研英语2007年阅读
考研英语2007年阅读在2007年的考研英语考试中，阅读理解部分的难度适中，但对考生的词汇量和理解能力提出了较高的要求。
文章选材广泛，涵盖了社会、科技、教育等多个领域，旨在考查考生对不同类型文章的理解能力。
首先，文章A讨论了网络对人们社交方式的影响。
随着互联网的普及，人们越来越多地依赖于线上交流，而忽视了面对面的社交。
文章指出，虽然网络提供了便捷的沟通方式，但过度依赖网络交流可能导致人们在现实生活中的社交技能退化。
此外，网络交流的匿名性也可能导致人们在表达观点时更加极端，从而加剧了社会的分裂。
文章B则关注了教育领域中的一个问题：学生对学习的动机。
文章提到，传统的教育模式往往强调成绩和排名，这可能导致学生为了追求高分而忽视了学习的本质。
作者认为，教育应该更加关注培养学生的内在动机，帮助他们发现学习的乐趣，而不是仅仅为了考试而学习。
文章C探讨了科技发展对人类工作的影响。
随着自动化和人工智能的快速发展，许多传统的工作岗位正在被机器取代。
文章指出，虽然科技进步带来了生产效率的提升，但同时也引发了就业问题。
作者呼吁社会应该重视这一问题，通过教育和培训帮助人们适应新的工作环境。
最后，文章D讨论了全球化对文化多样性的影响。
随着全球贸易和文化交流的加深，不同文化之间的界限变得越来越模糊。
文章认为，虽然全球化促进了文化的交流和融合，但同时也可能导致某些文化特色的消失。
因此，保护和传承各地的文化特色显得尤为重要。
总的来说，2007年考研英语的阅读理解部分不仅考查了考生的语言能力，还涉及了社会、科技、教育和文化等多个领域的知识。
这些文章不仅提供了丰富的信息，也引发了人们对现代社会问题的深思。
2007年考研英语阅读
2007年考研英语阅读
在2007年的考研英语阅读部分，考生们面临着一系列精心设计的阅读理解题目。
这些题目不仅考察了考生的词汇量和语法知识，还考验了他们对文章主旨的把握以及对细节信息的理解和分析能力。
文章选材广泛，覆盖了社会、科技、文化等多个领域，旨在全面评估考生的英语阅读能力。
在这一年的考试中，文章的难度适中，既有对文章主旨大意的考察，也有对文章中具体信息的深入挖掘。
考生在解答阅读理解题目时，首先需要快速浏览文章，抓住文章的中心思想。
接着，考生需要仔细阅读每个段落，理解段落之间的逻辑关系，并从中提取关键信息。
在这一过程中，考生需要特别注意文章中的细节描述，因为这些细节往往是题目中所考察的要点。
此外，考生在解答阅读理解题目时，还需培养良好的阅读习惯，如预测下文内容、识别作者的观点和态度等。
这些技巧能够帮助考生更准确地理解文章，并在有限的时间内高效地完成题目。
在2007年的考研英语阅读中，考生们普遍反映，虽然题目具有一定的挑战性，但只要掌握了正确的阅读策略和解题技巧，就能够取得满意的成绩。
这一年的考试不仅检验了考生的英语阅读能力，也为他们未来的学术研究和职业发展奠定了坚实的基础。
2007英语阅读考研
2007英语阅读考研2007年的英语阅读考研是许多考研学子们面临的一个挑战。
这一年的英语阅读部分，不仅考查了考生的词汇量和语法知识，还重点考察了考生的阅读理解能力和逻辑分析能力。
文章选材广泛，涉及社会、文化、科技等多个领域，要求考生具备较强的跨文化交际意识和综合分析能力。
首先，考研英语阅读的题型设计旨在测试考生对文章主旨大意的把握能力。
考生需要通过快速浏览文章，迅速抓住文章的核心观点和主题。
这要求考生具备良好的速读技巧和对文章结构的敏感度。
在2007年的考试中，文章的结构往往较为复杂，考生需要通过分析段落之间的逻辑关系，来确定文章的主旨。
其次，细节理解题是考研英语阅读中常见的题型之一。
这类题目要求考生对文章中的具体信息有准确的把握。
考生需要仔细阅读文章，理解作者的观点和论据，以便在答题时能够准确无误地定位到相关信息。
在2007年的考试中，细节理解题的难度有所提升，考生需要更加细致地分析文章内容，才能找到正确答案。
此外，推理判断题也是考研英语阅读中的重要组成部分。
这类题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上，进行逻辑推理和判断。
考生需要根据文章提供的信息，推断作者的意图、文章的隐含意义或者作者未明确表述的观点。
在2007年的考试中，推理判断题的难度较大，考生需要具备较强的逻辑思维能力和批判性思维能力。
最后，词汇题和语法题也是考研英语阅读中不可忽视的部分。
这些题目考查了考生的词汇量和语法知识，要求考生在阅读过程中能够准确理解单词和句子的意思。
在2007年的考试中，词汇题和语法题的难度适中，但考生仍需在平时的学习中不断积累词汇和语法知识，以提高阅读效率。
综上所述，2007年的英语阅读考研对考生的综合能力提出了较高的要求。
考生需要在平时的学习中不断积累词汇、语法知识，提高阅读速度和理解能力，培养逻辑思维和批判性思维能力，才能在考试中取得好成绩。
同时，考生还应该注重跨文化交际能力的培养，以适应日益全球化的社会环境。
2007年考研阅读理解真题答案及解析
Unit 14（2007）Part 1试题解析：1．【正确答案】【C】【解析】结构题，题干中的"is mentioned to"表明本题是结构题。
本题考查考生对文章第一段内容的理解。
题干中的信号词是"soccer player"，出自文章第一段第一句话中。
文章第一段提到检查足球运动员的出生证明时指出，你最可能发现一种引人注意的巧合--优秀足球运动员更可能出生于每年的前几个月而不是后几个月，第二段接着指出，什么可以解释这种奇怪的现象呢？随后介绍了几种猜测。
这说明，提到生日现象是为了引出本文的主题。
C为正确选项。
第一段中没有提到专业训练，所以A属于无中生有；本文是通过检查世界杯上的足球运动员而得出"生日"现象的，说明B属于本末倒置；文中并没有提到某些足球队比其他足球队表现更好，所以D与文意不符。
2. 【正确答案】【B】【解析】词义题，题干中的"most probably means"表明本题是词义题。
本题考查考生对文章第二段内容的理解。
题干中的信号词出自文章第二段最后一句话中。
文章第二段首先指出，什么可以解释这种奇怪的现象呢？接着提到了一些猜测，其中的c）指出，热爱足球的父母更可能在春季怀孕，随后提到了该词所在的句子。
这说明，该词可能与"soccermad"的意思相近。
B是对该词的同义替换，为正确选项。
A和C是误解了该词的意思；D不准确。
3. 【正确答案】【A】【解析】细节题，题干中的"According to Ericsson"表明本题是观点细节题。
本题考查考生对文章第三、四段内容的理解。
题干中的信号词是"Ericsson"和"memory"，出自文章第三、四段。
文章第三段提到了有关记忆的试验，第四段介绍了埃里克森有关记忆的结论--记忆过程是一种认知练习，不是一种本能练习；了解如何有目的地解读信息的最佳方法就是一个为人所知的有意练习过程，而有意练习需要的不只是简单地重复一个任务，它涉及到确定明确的目标、获得即时反馈以及注重方法与结果。
2007年考研英语真题(含答案解析)
2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representative government, careers 4 to talent, freedom of commerce and trade, the 5 to private property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society. 6 there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws.On the issue of 8 of religion and the position of the church, 9, there was less agreement 10 the leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown. 12 most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism13 the official religion of the new states, some sought to end the14 of other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallying15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aidfrom Haiti and had 16 in return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’s 17 colonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19. Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1. [A] natives[B] inhabitants[C] peoples[D] individuals2. [A] confusedly[B] cheerfully[C] worriedly[D] hopefully3. [A] shared[B] forgot[C] attained[D] rejected4. [A] related[B] close[C] open[D] devoted5. [A] access[B] succession[C] right[D] return6. [A] Presumably[B] Incidentally[C] Obviously[D] Generally7. [A] unique[B] common[C] particular[D] typical8. [A] freedom[B] origin[C] impact[D] reform9. [A] therefore[B] however[C] indeed[D] moreover10. [A] with[B] about[C] among[D] by11. [A] allowed[B] preached[C] granted[D] funded12. [A] Since[B] If[C] Unless[D] While13. [A] as[B] for[C] under[D] against14. [A] spread[B] interference[C] exclusion[D] influence15. [A] support[B] cry[C] plea[D] wish16. [A] urged[B] intended[C] expected[D] promised17. [A] controlling[B] former[C] remaining[D] original18. [A] slower[B] faster[C] easier[D] tougher19. [A] created[B] produced[C] contributed[D] preferred20. [A] puzzled by[B] hostile to[C] pessimistic about[D] unprepared forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills;b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers –whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born.21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to[A] stress the importance of professional training.[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.22. The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means[A] fun.[B] craze.[C] hysteria.[D] excitement.23. According to Ericsson, good memory[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the texttries to convey?[A] “Faith will move mountains.”[B] “One reaps what one sows.”[C] “Practice makes perfect.”[D] “Like father, like son.”Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as,What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A] Answering philosophical questions.[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may bedifferent.[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of humanintelligence.28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computationalprocedures.[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional test are out of date.30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.Text 3During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fellsick. This “added-worker effect” could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent –and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.31. Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that[A] the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.[B] their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.[C] they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.[D] they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.32. As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have[A] a higher sense of security.[B] less secured payments.[C] less chance to invest.[D] a guaranteed future.33. According to the author, health-savings plans will[A] help reduce the cost of healthcare.[B] popularize among the middle class.[C] compensate for the reduced pensions.[D] increase the families’ investment risk.34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.[B] the middle class may face greater political challenges.[C] financial problems may bring about political problems.[D] financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?[A] The Middle Class on the Alert[B] The Middle Class on the Cliff[C] The Middle Class in Conflict[D] The Middle Class in RuinsText 4It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year –from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley – have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.” Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School.“Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,” he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged – though not justified – by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.36. The statement “It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations.[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems tofind out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the pointthat[A] shareholders’ interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bossesfail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC’s decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood. Choose a heading from the list A—G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)A. Set a Good Example for Your KidsB. Build Your Kids’ Work SkillsC. Place Time Limits on Leisure ActivitiesD. Talk about the Future on a Regular BasisE. Help Kids Develop Coping StrategiesF. Help Your Kids Figure Out Who They AreG. Build Your Kids’ Sense of ResponsibilityHow Can a Parent Help?Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness.”大41家You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically reviewtheir emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best.大42家Kids need a range of authentic role models – as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good.大43家Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities.大44家Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs.大45家They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be carefulnot to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalist’s intellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to you university library, making suggestions for improving its service.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) support your view with an example/examples.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2007年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)1. B2. D3. A4. C5. C6. D7. B8. A9. B 10. C11. A 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B16. D 17. C 18. A 19. B 20. D Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B31. C 32. B 33. D 34. C 35. B36. D 37. A 38. B 39. A 40. DPart B (10 points)41. F 42. D 43. B 44. C 45. EPart C (10 points)46. 长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的，而不是一个受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。
2007年-2011年考研英语阅读理解答案及解析汇总
2007年考研英语阅读理解解析Text 121：The birthd ay phenom enonfoundamongsoccer player s is mentio ned to “原文提到足球运动员的生日现象的目的是什么？”[A]错在“profes siona l traini ng”，原文对应是第一段，其中根本就没有涉及到“profes siona l traini ng”这个概念。
虽然在末句有这么一个词组“profes siona l ranks”，但根本不是这么个意思。
[B]“spotli ght”世界杯上的足球巨星。
通过对第一段的理解，我们知道原文是通过ex amine世界杯上的足球巨星而得出“生日”现象。
“spotli ght世界杯上的足球巨星”就当然不是提到生日现象的目的了。
[C]“引出文章主题，出色表现的原因”，符合中心。
[D]“解释一些足球队比另一些足球队踢得好的原因”，言下之意就是“生日”是决定球员表现的原因。
这是明显的错误，一方面和常理矛盾，另一方面和中心矛盾。
22：“mania”的意思？在原文中的对应句子是第二段倒数第二句“soccer mad parent s ……at the annual peak of soccer mania” “疯狂的父母……在mania 的足球赛季”，对应的应该是“疯狂的赛季”，选项中只有[B]crazy=原文中的“mad”。
23：[B]和[C]与原文矛盾，很容易排除。
从原文中找对应的句子来看，应该是在原文第四段“In otherwords,……by how well each person encode s the inform ation”“记忆力之间的差异能被每个人如何输入信息sw amped”。
2007年研究生招生考试英语试题A 含答案
11. A) He'll have to take care of his wife.B) He is going to the party aloneC) His wife works in a hospitlD) His wife is invited to a party2) 听短文（3段）Directions: In this section you will hear some short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).第一段.12. A) On the farm. B) On their campus.C) In modern buildings. D) In the workshop.13. A) Grow vegetables. B) Repair machines.C) Milk the goats. D) Do housework.14. A) They want to make money. B) They want to learn about ecology.C) They don’t like the classes. D) They don’t like their campus.第二段15. A) They had decided to visit their friends.B) They had decided to spend their holidays.C) They wanted to do business there.D) They had decided to work there.16. A) Hungry. B) Happy. C) Angry. D) Tired.17. A) Mrs. Smith hardly had any time to see the sights of London.B) Mrs. Smith should have time to see the sights in London.C) The times of meals arranged were unsuitable for tourists.D) Mrs. Smith misunderstood the man’s words.第三段18. A) He thinks they are too stressful.B) He thinks they are not stressful enough.C) He thinks they are useful exercises.D) They thinks they are pointless exercises.19. A) They leave reviewing until the day of the exam.B) They start reviewing too early.C) They only start reviewing a few days before the exam.D) They often do most reviewing the day after the exam.20. A) Because the other students don't seem calm.B) Because you have forgotten pens and pencils.C) Because everyone else seems confident.D) Because the paper seems too easy.Part Two: 阅读理解(20% )Directions: There are FOUR passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.第一段Under normal conditions the act of communication requires the presence of at least two persons: one who sends and one who receives the communication. In order to communicate thoughts and feelings, there must be a conventional system of signs or symbols which mean the same to the sender and receiver. The means of sending communication are too numerous and varied for systematic classification; therefore, the analysis must begin with the means of receiving communication. Reception of communication is achieved by our senses. Sight, hearing, and touch play the most important roles. Smell and taste play very limited roles, for they cannot receive intellectual expression from fully developed systems of signs and symbols. Examples of visual communication are gesture and mimicry. Although both frequently accompany speech, there are systems that rely solely on sight, such as those used by deaf and dumb persons. Another means of communicating visually is by signals of fire, smoke, flags, or flashing lights. Feelings may be simply communicated by touch, such as by hand-stroking or backslapping, although a highly developed system of hand-stroking has enabled blind, deaf, and dumb persons to communicate intelligently. Whistling to someone, applauding in a theater, and other forms of communication by sound rely upon the ear as a receiver. The most fully developed form of auditory communication is, of course, the spoken language. The means of communication mentioned so far have two features in common: they last only a short time, and the persons involved must be relatively close to each other. Therefore, all are restricted in time and space.21. The author explains that he will deal with reception of communication first because __________.A) communication actually takes place when the message is receivedB) there are more means of receiving than those of s. ending communicationsC) reception of communication involves the use of the sensesD) it is difficult to list all the possible means of sending communications22. Persons who cannot see, hear, or speak are able to communicate through a system of __________.A) Gesturing B) backslapping C) handshaking D) handstroking23. The author specifically mentions that speech is __________.A) less important than the written form of languageB) assisted by touch, gesture, etcC) the only highly developed system of communicationD) the most developed form of communication based on hearing24. Which of the following statements about communication by touch is TRUE?A) Touch is less important than taste as a means of communication.B) There is no well-developed system of communication based on touch.C) It is possible to communicate intelligently by touch alone.D) Touch must accompany visual communication.25. Which of the following statements about the ways of communicating ideas and feelings mentioned in the passage is NOT true?A) They can be used to communicate over long distances.B) They require both a sender and receiver.C) They involve the use of conventional signs and symbols.D) They utilize the senses for reception.第二段When Louis Braille was three years old, he became blind in both eyes as the result of an accident in his father's harness shop. His father, determined that Louis should not suffer the usual fate of blind persons at that time and become a beggar, kept him in the village school until he was ten and then entered him in the Institution des Jeunes Aveugles in Paris. Louis learned to read from the three books engraved in large raised letters in the Institution library, did exceptionally well both in academic work and at the piano and organ, and was soon helping to teach the younger children. In 1819, the same year that Louis entered the Institution, Charles Barbier, an army captain, reported to the Academy of Sciences on a system of raised dots and dashes which enabled soldiers to read messages in the dark. Later, Barbier brought his invention to the Institution. After experimenting with it, young Braille produced a writing system using only dots, from which he gradually devised 63 separate combinations representing the letters in the French alphabet (at the request of an Englishman, he later added W), accents, punctuation marks, and mathematical signs. Although government bureaucracy prevented immediate official adoption, his system was used at the Institution as long as the director, Dr. Pignier, was in office. Pignier's successor insisted on returning to the officially approved former system. But students continued to use Braille's method secretly. Eventually, its superiority was established and it was adopted throughout France.26. Louis Braille first learned to read with the aid of ____________.A) his father B) the village school teacherC) special books at the Institution D) Captain Braille's system of dots and dashes27. Louis Braille did all of the following things EXCEPT _______________.A) teaching young children at the InstitutionB) developing a reading system for the blindC) learning to play musical instruments wellD) encouraging students to use his method secretly28. Louis Braille devised his writing system __.A) from combinations of dotsB) at an Englishman's requestC) to help Charles Barbier in his workD) to enable soldiers to read in the dark29. Which of the following ideas does the writer want to convey?A) Louis was lucky to have a determined father.B) Teacher's guidance is necessary for one's success.C) Government bureaucracy often kills new inventions.D) Physical blindness doesn't necessarily mean mental blindness.30. The Institution was not able to adopt Braille's method officially for some time because ____A) the students preferred the former methodB) the government was slow to approve itC) Dr. Pignier's successor thought that the Braille method was not scientificD) the large library collection would then have been useless第三段Violin prodigies, I learned, have come in distinct waves from distinct regions. Most of the great performers of the late 19th and early 20th centuries were born and brought up in Russia and Eastern Europe. I asked Isaac Stern, one of the world's greatest violinists, the reason for this phenomenon. "It is very clear," he told me. "They were all Jews and Jews at the time were severely oppressed and ill-treated in that part of the world. They were not allowed into the professional fields, but they were allowed to achieve excellence on a concert stage." As a result, every Jewish parent's dream was to have a child in the music school because it was a passport to the West. Another element in the emergence of prodigies, I found, is a society that values excellence in a certain field and is able to nurture talent. Nowadays, the most nurturing societies seem to be in the Far East. "In Japan, a most competitive society with stronger discipline than ours," says Isaac Stern, children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music. When Western music came to Japan after World War I , music not only became part of their daily lives, but it became a discipline as well. The Koreans and Chinese, as we know, are just as highly motivated as the Japanese. That's a good thing, because even prodigies must work hard. Next to hard work, biological inheritance plays an important role in the making of a prodigy. J. S. Bach, for example, was the top ofseveral generations of musicians, and four of his sons had significant careers in music.31. Jewish parents in Eastern Europe longed for their children to attend music school because ________.A) it would allow them access to a better life in the WestB) Jewish children are born with excellent musical talentC) they wanted their children to enter into the professional fieldsD) it would enable the family to get better treatment in their own country32. Nurturing societies as mentioned in the passage refer to the societies thatA) enforce strong discipline on students who want to achieve excellenceB) treasure talent and provide opportunities for its full developmentC) encourage people to compete with each otherD) promise talented children high positions33. Japan is described in the passage as a country that attaches importance to ________.A) all-round developmentB) the learning of Western musicC) strict training of childrenD) variety in academic studies34. Which of the following contributes to the emergence of musical prodigies according to the passage?A) A natural gift.B) Extensive knowledge of musicC) Very early training.D) A prejudice-free society.35. Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?A) Jewish Contribution to MusicB) Training of Musicians in the WorldC) Music and Society.D) The Making of Prodigies.第四段By the end of the first quarter of the nineteenth century a number of our Easten institutions -- Harvard, Yale, Columbia, and Pennsylvania -- had some of the necessary ingredients of a university, but hardly yet the point of view. They were little clusters of schools and institutes. Indeed, just after the Revolution, the schools of Pennsylvania and Harvard had assumed the somewhat pretentious title of university, and, shortly after, the University of Virginia was founded under the guidance of Thomas Jefferson. In the South, Georgia and later North Carolina began to rise. The substance in all these wasmainly lacking, though the title was honored. There were rather feeble law, medical, and divinity schools, somewhat loosely attached to these colleges. It has been commonly recognized, however, that the first decade after the close of the Civil War, that is, from about 1866 to 1876, was the great early flowering of the university idea in America.36. In the opinion of the author of this passage, in 1825 ______________.A) only Harvard, Yale, Columbia, and Pennsylvania could truly be called universitiesB) all American educational institutions could justifiably claim to be universitiesC) those institutions which called themselves universities were not justified in doing soD) no American institution of higher education had any of the necessary ingredients ofa university37. Thomas Jefferson founded _____________.A) the University of PennsylvaniaB) HarvardC) the University of VirginiaD) the university of Georgia38. The Civil War ended ______________.A) about 1866 B) about 1876C) about 1856 D) during the decade from 1866 to 187639. The words little clusters (line 4) most nearly means _____________.A) small groups B) small collegesC) small buildings D) small organizations40. The university idea really began to develop _____________.A) in the first quarter of the nineteenth centuryB) just after the RevolutionC) during the last quarter of the nineteenth centuryD) just after the Civil WarPart Three: 完型填空(10% )Directions: In this part, you will read a passage with some blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). You should choose the ONE answer that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.During the period of reconstruction __ 41__ the Civil War conditions in the __ 42 __ states were very unhappy, and soon the __ 43 __ of southern whites were strongly __ 44 __ that they did not want to __ 45__ real equality to the Negroes. Some __ 46__ even passed laws that no person __ 47 __ to be allowed to vote __ 48 __ his grandfather had been a slave, __ 49__ the Supreme Court ruled that these laws were against the fifteenth amendment, and __ 50__ unconstitutional. But there were other devices __ 51__ which Negroes could be __ 52__ from voting. Tests of literacy (I.e. the ability toread and write) were still __ 53 __. At first the great majority of the __ 54__ people really were illiterate, as __ 55__ of them had been educated __ 56__ the end of slavery. Later the local white __ 57__ administering the tests could use the test unfavorably against Negroes. It took some generations __ 58__ this device against them was given __ 59__. At last, this unjust device was __ 60__ by federal law in 1965.41 A) before B) after C) since D) from42 A) winning B) northern C) lost D) southern43 A) minorities B) majors C) majority D) chief44 A) divided B) united C) agreed D) disagreed45 A) allow B) contribute C) share D) own46 A) officials B) members C) judges D) states47 A) was B) used C) wanted D) permitted48 A) because B) if C) although D) whenever49 A) although B) therefore C) since D) so50 A) so B) yet C) really D) possibly51 A) for B) with C) on D) in52 A) distinguished B) controlled C) prevented D) released53 A) allowed B) prohibited C) enjoyed D) dislike54 A) American B) white C) black D) poor55 A) lots B) few C) none D) most56 A) since B) before C) after D) near57 A) lawyers B) judges C) officials D) managers58 A) until B) before C) after D) since59 A) in B) away C) up D) back60 A) forbidden B) permitted C) interrupted D) preventedPart Four: 词汇及语法结构(20% )（20小题）Directions: In this part，there are some incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.61. I don't often get sick, but _________ I do catch cold.A) now and then B) now thatC) from now on D) and then62. The sea is very beautiful and _____________.A) the mountains are so too B) the mountains are tooC) so are the mountains D) also are the mountains63. The concert will be broadcast ______ on Radio Three at 8 p.m. next Monday.A) alive B) living C) life D) live64. Very few people came to the meeting, ____________ they decided to postpone it.A) and therefore B) therefore C) and so D) thus65. Bob looks so young that I couldn't believe that he is my ________ by four years. I thought I was older.A) younger B) elder C) junior D) equal66. A ________ has been announced between Mr. White and Miss Brown and the wedding is to be held next Sunday.A) contract B) marriage C) engagement D) meeting67. The government wants to ______ farm prices at their present levels.A) keep up B) flare up C) bring up D) stay up68. Jerry had planned to explore the depth of the desert, but his food supplies ran ______ and he had to cancel the trip.A) away B) on C) out D) off69. There is no doubt ________ her intelligence, she's the smartest one in the class.A) as for B) as regards C) as to D) as follows70. To harness water power and convert it into electricity the necessary plant must be ________ .A) generated B) installed C) assembled D) fitted71. ______ breaks the law will be fined or put in jail.A) No matter who B) WhoeverC) Those who D) Whenever one72. I have the impression __________ all the pupils of this class are interested in English.A) which B) of which C) that D) of that73. Redouble your efforts, ______ you will never be able to accomplish what you have set out to do.A) lest B) for fear that C) in case D) or74. At first Jack did not want to write for the student paper, but I persuaded him ______.A) to do B) to C) do D) do it75. The driving instructor told me to pull ______ at the post office.A) up B) back C) round D) along76. So late did he arrive in the town ______ all the buses had stopped running.A) until B) when C) as D) that77. For my part, I have not the slightest doubt as to __________ his courage his honesty, or his patience of mind.A) all of B) none of C) either D) both78. I am not very keen ______ basketball.A) in B) about C) on D) to79. ______ the opportunity, he might well have become an outstanding cartoonist.A) Giving B) Give C) Given D) Gives80. The first one wasn't good and ______ was the second.A) neither B) either C) so D) such（以上80题答案请写在答题卡上，谢谢）2007年金陵协和神学院研究生入学考试答题卡准考证号_____________ 1．41.2．42.3. 43.4．44.5．45.6．46.7．47.8．48.9．49.10．50.11．51.12．52.13．53.14．54.15．55.16．56.17．57.18．58.19．59.20．60.21．61.22．62.23．63.24．64.25．65.26．66.27．67.28．68.29．69.30．70.31．71.32．72.33．73.34．74.35．75.36．76.37．77.38．78.39．79.40．80.试卷B 写作及神学英语部分写作(10% 150字以上)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic "Pollution". The first sentence of each paragraph is given. Your part of writing should be no less than 150 words.1. With the development of modern industry, more and more waste is produced.________2. Another kind of pollution is noise.________3. Man if fighting a battle against pollution.________神学英语一、词汇（10%）要求给出简单的英文解释1．Humanism2．Heresy3．Animism4．Pentecostal Church5．Palm Sunday二、阅读理解（15%，可用中文回答）A．He does not claim to have a secret knowledge through which salvation may be achieved. According to him, his doctrine follows from a careful study of the Christian message as it was preached by Paul. This message is to be found in the Epistles of Paul and in the Gospel of Luke, although it is necessary to revise those writings in order to eliminate the many Judaizing interpolations that have been introduced in them. Paul was the herald of a radically new message, of the message of the revelation of a god theretofore unknown. The Old Testament cannot be taken as the world of the god who is revealed in Jesus Christ. In consequence, the reverences to the Old Testament to be found in the Pauline Epistles are later traditions. And the same may be said regarding the Gospel of Luke, Paul’scompanion. Thus, he formulated the first canon of the New Testament. His doctrine is then based on the study of these Scriptures, for he does not claim to be a prophet or to have any secret source of knowledge, but only to be a true exponent of Christian Scriptures.6. What does “salvation through secret source of knowledge” refer to?7. What books are probably included in the first canon according to the text?8. In your opinion, whose point of view is the text talking about?B.What is God’s purpose? It is to bring creation to the emergence of a partner. This partner whom God yearns to create would put off all baseness, and would be a person in the image of God. What then is the image of God? God is a community, a trinity. The concept of trinity tells us that God is a group, a collective. Thus, God’s creation must lead to a human community in the universe, or a communal people.God wants to enlarge his community. The community of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit is not enough. It must be enlarged, to enable all humanity to enter.9. What does the word “collective” mean in this text?10. What does God’s community include according to the text?三、翻译（15%）请将划线部分译成汉语。
07年研究生考试英语阅读真题分篇 text-2
2007全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题Text 2For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out n umerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SA T) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership – that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SA T will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?[A] Answering philosophical questions.[B] Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.[C] Telling the differences between certain concepts.[D] Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?[A] People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.[B] More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.[C] The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.[D] Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.28.People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because[A] the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.[B] creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.[C] vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.[D] the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that[A] test scor es may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.[B] IQ scores and SA T results are highly correlated.[C] testing involves a lot of guesswork.[D] traditional test are out of date.30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?[A] Supportive.[B] Skeptical.[C] Impartial.[D] Biased.。
英语阅读考研2007
英语阅读考研2007英语阅读是考研英语中的重要组成部分，它不仅考查学生的词汇量和语法知识，还考查学生的逻辑推理、细节理解以及文章主旨把握等综合能力。
2007年的考研英语阅读部分，相较于其他年份，有着其独特的特点和难点。
首先，2007年的考研英语阅读题在选材上更加注重实用性和时代性。
文章内容涵盖了科技、经济、文化等多个领域，这要求考生不仅要有扎实的英语基础，还要对这些领域有一定的了解和认识。
例如，当年的阅读材料中就包含了关于全球变暖、经济发展模式等热点话题的讨论。
其次，2007年的阅读题目在题型设计上更加灵活多变。
除了传统的细节理解题和推理判断题外，还增加了对文章结构和作者意图的考查。
这就需要考生在阅读时不仅要关注文章的具体内容，还要能够把握文章的整体结构和作者的写作意图。
再者，2007年的考研英语阅读在难度上也有所提升。
文章中出现了更多的长难句和复杂结构，这对考生的阅读理解能力提出了更高的要求。
考生需要通过平时的大量阅读和练习，提高自己对复杂句式的解析能力，以及对文章深层含义的理解能力。
此外，2007年的考研英语阅读在考查考生的词汇量方面也有所加强。
文章中出现了大量的专业术语和生僻词汇，这就需要考生在平时的复习中不断扩充自己的词汇量，尤其是那些与考研阅读材料相关的专业词汇。
最后，2007年的考研英语阅读在考查考生的阅读速度和效率方面也有所体现。
由于文章篇幅较长，信息量大，考生需要在有限的时间内快速捕捉关键信息，这就要求考生在平时的练习中不断提高自己的阅读速度和效率。
综上所述，2007年的考研英语阅读部分对考生提出了更高的要求，不仅考查了考生的英语基础知识，还考查了考生的综合分析能力和快速阅读能力。
因此，考生在备考过程中需要有针对性地进行复习和练习，全面提升自己的英语阅读能力。
Q132-考研英语阅读-2007年阅读测试
If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the late months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be ever more pronounced.What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.”Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,”Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes”the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers –whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming–are nearly always made, not born.1.The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to（）A.stress the importance of professional training.B.spotlight the soccer superstars at the World Cup.C.introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.D.explain why some soccer teams play better than others.2.The word “mania”(Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means（）A.fun.B.craze.C.hysteria.D.excitement.3.According to Ericsson, good memory（）A.depends on meaningful processing of information.B.results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.C.is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.D.requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.4.Ericsson and his colleagues believe that（）A.talent is a dominating factor forB.biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.C.the role of talent tends to be overlooked.D.high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.5.Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?A.“Faith will move mountains.”B.“One reaps what one sows.”C.“Practice makes perfect.”D.“Like father, like son.”For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.”People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228 –the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children’s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical populationdistribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ test do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership –that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.6.Which of the following may be required in an intelligent test?（）A.Answering philosophical questions.B.Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.C.Telling the difference between certain concepts.D.Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.7.What can be inferred about intelligence testing from Paragraph 3?（）A.People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.B.More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.C.The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.D.Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.8.People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because （）A.the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.B.creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.C.vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.D.the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.9.We can conclude from the last paragraph that（）A.test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.B.IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.C.testing involves a lot of guesswork.D.traditional test are out of date.10.What is the author’s attitude towards IQ test?（）A.Supportive.B.Skeptical.C.Impartial.D.Biased.During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could counton hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new realties. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today’s families have budgeted to the limits of theirs new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachuted they once had in times of financial setback –a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect”could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen –and newly fashionable health-saving plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families’future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent –and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance –have jumped eightfold in just one generation.From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.11.Today’s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that（）A.the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.B.their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.C.they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.D.they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.12.As a result of President Bush’s reform, retired people may have（）A.a higher sense of security.B.less secured payments.C.less chance to invest.D.a guaranteed future.13.According to the author, health-savings plans will（）A.help reduce the cost of healthcare.B.popularize among the middle class.pensate for the reduced pensions.D.increase the families’investment risk.14.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（）A.financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.B.the middle class may face greater political challenges.C.financial problems may bring about political problems.D.financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.15.Which of the following is the best title for this text?（）A.The Middle Class on the AlertB.The Middle Class on the CliffC.The Middle Class in ConflictD.The Middle Class in RuinsIt never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them -- especially in America -- the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year -- from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley -- have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other assets, says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’s business school. “The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders.”Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’s Columbia Business School. “Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one,”he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets,is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore -- and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affaires may have been encouraged -- though not justified -- by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’s Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.16.The statement “It never rains but it pours”is used to introduce（）A.the fierce business competition.B.the feeble boss-board relations.C.the threat from news reports.D.the severity of data leakage.17.According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out （）A.whether there is any weak point.B.what sort of data has been stolen.C.who is responsible for the leakage.D.how the potential spies can be located.18.In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that（）A.shareholders’interests should be properly attended to.rmation protection should be given due attention.C.businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.D.the market value of customer data should be emphasized.19.According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to （）A.see the link between trust and data protection.B.perceive the sensitive of personal data.C.realize the high cost of data restoration.D.appreciate the economic value of trust.20.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that（）A.data leakage is more severe in Europe.B.FTC’s decision is essential to data security.C.California takes the lead in security legislation.D.legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.。
07年英语考研真题阅读
07年英语考研真题阅读在2007年的英语考研真题中，阅读理解部分的难度适中，涵盖了多种题型，旨在考察考生的综合英语应用能力。
文章选材广泛，包括社会、文化、科技等多个领域，要求考生不仅要有扎实的词汇基础，还要具备快速捕捉信息和逻辑推理的能力。
首先，文章A讨论了全球化对世界经济的影响。
文章指出，随着信息技术的发展和交通的便利，全球贸易壁垒逐渐降低，资本和劳动力的流动更加自由。
这种趋势促进了全球经济的增长，但也带来了一些挑战，比如发达国家和发展中国家之间的经济差距。
文章通过对比分析，强调了全球化对于不同国家和地区的不同影响。
接着，文章B探讨了现代科技对人类生活方式的改变。
文章提到，随着互联网和移动通信技术的发展，人们获取信息和沟通的方式发生了翻天覆地的变化。
社交媒体的兴起让人们的社交方式更加多样化，但同时也引发了隐私保护和网络安全等问题。
文章呼吁人们在享受科技带来的便利的同时，也要关注其潜在的风险。
文章C则聚焦于环境保护的重要性。
文章强调，随着工业化进程的加快，环境污染和生态破坏问题日益严重。
文章通过列举一系列环境问题，如空气污染、水污染和物种灭绝等，呼吁全球各国共同努力，采取有效措施保护环境。
文章还提出了一些具体的环保建议，如发展可再生能源、减少废物排放等。
最后，文章D讨论了教育对于个人和社会的重要性。
文章指出，教育是提高个人素质和社会整体发展水平的关键。
通过教育，人们可以获得知识和技能，提高解决问题的能力，从而更好地适应社会的发展。
文章还强调了教育公平的重要性，认为每个人都有接受教育的权利，政府和社会应该为所有人提供平等的教育机会。
总的来说，2007年的英语考研真题阅读部分不仅考察了考生的英语阅读能力，还涉及了多个与现代社会密切相关的话题，要求考生在理解文章内容的同时，能够对相关社会问题进行深入思考。
通过这样的考试，可以有效地评估考生的英语水平和综合素质。
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试卷一Part I Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions1 to 5 are based on the following passage.Oceanography has been defined as "The application of all sciences to the study of the sea". Before the nineteenth century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that the question "What is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings(测深) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition (考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.1. The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on _____.A) an academic aspect C) a business aspectB) a military aspect D) an international aspect2. It was _____ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studiesA) the American NavyB) some early intercontinental travellersC) those who earned a living from the seaD) the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable3. The aim of .the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was _____.A) to make some sounding experiments in the oceansB) to collect samples of sea plants and animalsC) to estimate the length of cable that was neededD) to measure the depths of the two oceans4. "Defied" in the 4th paragraph probably means" _____.A) doubted B) gave proof to C) challenged D) agreed to5. This passage is mainly about _____.A) the beginnings of oceanography B) the laying of the first undersea cableC) the investigation of ocean depths D) the early intercontinental communicationsPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will ha of benefit to him later in his career.6. Normally a student would at least attend ____ classes each weekA)36 B) 12 C)20 D) 157. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed _____.A) to live in a different universityB) to take a particular course in a different universityC) to live at home and drive to classesD) to get two degrees from two different universities8. American university students are usually under pressure of work because _____A) their academic performance will affect their future careersB) they are heavily involved in student affairsC) they have to observe university disciplineD) they want to run for positions of authority9. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because _____.A) they hate the constant pressure and strain of their studyB) they will then be able to stay longer in the universityC) such positions help them get better jobsD) such positions are usually well paid10. The student organizations seem to be effective in _____.A) dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB) ensuring that the students observe university regulationsC) evaluating students’ performance by bringing them before a courtD) keeping up the students' enthusiasm for social activitiesPassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labour through your work you may say that you're "hot". That's true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues(自言自语) as: "Get up, John! You'll be late for work again!" The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends When husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract (对抗) your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam(鼓起干劲) and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet m the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save jobs requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.11. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably _____.A) he is a lazy person B) he refuses to follow his own energy cycleC) he is not sure when his energy is low D) he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening12. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?A) Unawareness of energy cycles.B) Familiar monologues.C) A change in a family member's energy cycle.D) Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.13. If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should _____.A) change his energy cycle C) get up earlier than usualB) overcome his laziness D) go to bed earlier14. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will _____.A) help to keep your energy for the day's workB) help you to control your temper early in the dayC) enable you to concentrate on your routine workD) keep your energy cycle under control all day15. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A) Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one's energy.B) Dr. Kleitman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.C) Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.D) Children have energy cycles, too.Passage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (把……按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contribute to all these aspects of learning.In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyse and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.16. In the passage the author's attitude towards "mixed-ability teaching" is _____.A) critical B) questioning C) approving D) objective17. By "held back" (Line I) the author means “_____”.A) made to remain in the same classes C) drawn to their studiesB) forced to study in the lower classes D) prevented from advancing18. The author argues that a teacher's chief concern should be the development of the studen t’s_____.A) personal qualities and social skills C) learning ability and communicative skillsB) total personality D) intellectual ability19. Which of the following is NOT Mentioned in the third paragraph?A) Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with others.B) Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.C) Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizersD) Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.20. The author's purpose in writhe this passage is to _____.A) argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same classB) recommend pair work and group work for classroom activitiesC) offer advice on the proper use of the libraryD) emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teachingSection B注意：阅读理解的Section B为简答题，题目在试卷二上。