GREissue写作之自己总结的万能例子
GRE_issue万能例子
GRE Analytical Writing 新鲜例子(1)Sarah Brightman 莎拉.布莱曼(就是音乐剧《猫》里唱MEOMORY那个)这个可以写determination什么的She was a workaholic from an early age, never waste a minute of time.Straight from school, she went to ballet lessons. When she got home at eight, she went to bed. She got up at four in the morning to do her homework and then began the schedule all over again.When she was a teenager, she decided to try her hand, or her vocals, at singing. （2）Prisoner Abuse 虐囚事件（伊拉克战争的那个丑闻）可以写媒体的题材Since the “60 Minutes II”broadcast, pictures of abuse have been posted on the Internet and shown on television stations worldwide.一些有用的词汇：Watergate (这个都知道)Zipper gate（这是说克林顿的）Enron gate（这是说小布什）Muckraker 专门报道丑闻的记者the Forth Estate 第四阶级，在美国媒体被称为第四权力或第四阶级（3）A Message to Garcia 致加西亚的信（前两年很火的书）It is not book-learning young men need, nor instruction about this and that, but a stiffening of the vertebrae which will cause them to loyal to a trust, to act promptly, concentrate their energies: do the thing.(4)Nictzche尼采这厮有句名言：“One has to pay dearly for immortality. One has to die several times while one is still alive.”可以用在写毅力什么个人品质的~（5）William Hung 孔庆祥（这人前两年可是火得不行~）American Idol 美国偶像（超女就是中国版的美国偶像）Lovable loser 可爱的失败者He didn’t survive the first cut. His performance was interrupted by Simon Cowell (评委), You can’t dance. You can’t sing. So what do you want me to say?Hung earnestly and humbly replied: I already gave my best, and I have no regret at all.这个可以用在尝试，失败之类的题目上。
GREissue写作范文
GREissue写作范文我给大家整理了GRE issue写作范文，盼望大家可以借鉴里面的短语、句子或思路，给自己的写作找一些思路和灵感,下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
GRE issue写作范文：冒险与方案题目：Success in any realm of life comes more often from taking chances or risks than from careful and cautious planning.在生活的全部领域中，胜利往往更多的来自于把握机会或者冒险而不是通过认真谨慎的方案。
正文：The speaker asserts people are more likely to attain success when taking chances or risks than planning carefully and cautiously. However, after comparing the characteristics of careful planning and taking chances, I strongly hold that they are of the same importance in the pursuit of success.In competitive sports, while making appropriate training plans and effective competition strategies constitute necessary conditions of winning the matches, taking risks is almost inevitable when athletes or their coaches confront a sudden matter that might influence the course of a match and that has not been taken into consideration beforehand. In modern competitive sports, it is widely acknowledged that scientific and effective training contributes to athletes’ better performance during matches. Good competition strategies, on the other hand, resulting in the better allocation of physical force, better use of skills or the higher rate inscoring, also play a vital role.However, when the star players of a soccer team or a basketball team are off the game or fail to implement their chief coachs strategic intention, leaving the whole team in adverseness, the coach faces the choice whether to substitute he/she or not. No doubt substituting a star player with a bench player means taking risk because the bench player may not perform as good as the star player and may make matters worse. If this happens, the substitution will incur discontentment of the players and critique from the teams fans, media and the boss. The capability of the coach may then be suspected and he/she may even be fired. Nevertheless, if the coach dares not to take the risk to substitute a poorly performed star player, his/her team will probably lose the game. Taking chances and risks is reasonable when one is dealing with something that has not been taken into consideration previously. So, in competitive sports, planning and risking are both necessary.In academic fields, careful and cautious planning is required for large projects and application disciplines while revolutionary scientific breakthroughs are almost impossible without taking chances or risks. Before starting the research project on human genome, scientists had already made plans on the content and method of the research. They did not have to take any chances or risks because all they should do have already been carefully planned. There were no technical obstacles that had not been solved. Therefore, they just followed the plan step by step and accomplished the project in the end. As for significant scientific breakthroughs, they are the important discoveries and theories that disaccord, at least to some extent, with established principles or our intuitions, such as the Theory of Relativity and quantum mechanics. One has no choice but to take chances because established theories may not be applicable on the boundary of what is known and what is unknown. Only after being examined through experiments, practices and observations, can they be confirmed or belied. In a word, planning and taking chances or risks are different means for different levels of academic researches.In the business world, cautious planning contributes to the long-term development of a company and at the same time, risking is imperative for a company to survive, develop and thrive in the highly competitive society. Planning carefully on inquiring market, training stuff and manufacturing products ensure a companys long-term development by keeping its profit increasing or at least not declining. On the other hand, taking risks, such as incorporating with another company, involving in the market fields that have already been occupied by other enterprises or involving in the market fields that are not considered so profitable, is also necessary because these may save the company from the adversity or help to set foot in new businesses. Clearly,in the business field, planning and risking complement each other.To conclude, success in any realm of life comes equally from taking chances or risks and from careful and cautious planning. In most cases, they complement each other and pave the way towards success.GRE Issue写作优秀实例：达到目标的手段题目：If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable.只要值得，不择手段达到目的是合理的。
GRE_issue例子总结1
我在准备issue过程中用到的查到的一些词及词组，我发现在引用例子的时候很多时候是知道用中文怎么说却常常被一个词的英文说法而难住了，所以我就一个个都查了出来，可能不能满足大家所有的要求，也希望对大家有点帮助吧，祝大家杀G成功：１）The flight of Apollo 11; lunar landing mission ，阿波罗１１号的登月计划另外，Apollo 13号的登月很惊险，大家可能都知道吧？看过电影“阿波罗１３”的人都知道这段历史吧？不知道的兄弟姐妹上百度搜一下就知道啦！，还有，“挑战者号”Challenger；哥伦比亚号Columbia２）杨氏双缝实验（大学物理讲过的，呵呵）：Y oung’ double-slit experiment，严格来说，这个实验是用classical theory cannot explain，这里面涉及到quantum theory，即量子理论，我不是学物理的，但是据我查的资料上说，其实人类对量子理论并没有完全地明白，也没法用它解释一切，这个观点我觉得可能用来说明人类的认识过程是由不知到知的认识过程，要用发展的眼光来看问题。
３）火星登月计划：Mars Exploration Rover Mission which costs $425 million every year for the assembly, test and launch process which is just the same amount as it costs to the film Titanic and Pearl Harbor，哇，够狠，老美有钱！另外，moon rover是月球车的意思，同理Mars rover．４）Manhattan Project，曼哈顿计划，就是当年Einstein 和Oppenheimer（奥本海默，这小子狠，被称为原子弹之父，一定要记住，这小子在听说美国在对Hiroshima，即日本广岛投原子弹之后，曾感叹自己当初不应该研制原子弹which给人类带来了灾难，科技与人性的题目能用到）５）多利Dolly，不用说了，我想顺着这只名羊提一提关于基因工程( genetic engineering)，转基因技术：transgenics，人体胚胎：human embryo，ＤＮＡ分子双螺旋结构：the double-helix structure of DNA,还有两个牛人，就是发现ＤＮＡ分子双螺旋结构的沃森和克里克,Waston and Crick６）二战纳粹德国在活人上做实验，用大量的犹太妇女人活体实验为的是研制避孕药（oral contraceptive）７）关于丑闻：Bill Clinton’s sexual scandal with Monica Lewinsky；Nixon’s Watergate scandal；兴奋剂：stimulant；猥亵（针对那个把自己黑皮染白的那个小子的）：v. molest; n. molestation；Kobe Bryant Rape case;８）垃圾邮件：不要再说junk mail啦，老土！有个更native的词：spam，记住哟！９）环境问题：氟利昂：freon，臭氧层：ozonosphere/ ozone layer，臭氧空洞：ozone hole；赤潮：red tide１０）关于美国总统：刺杀总统；岂今为止，美国一共有四位总统被刺杀，第一位是Abraham Lincoln,最后一位是John F. Kennedy，还有许多刺杀未遂的，比如刺杀Roosevelt，Truman等等，这可以被用来例子表明领导者不可能让每一个人都满意．另外，罗斯福是个残疾人，大家知道吧？脊髓灰质炎导致坐在轮椅上，不过他并不是小时候得的病，挺奇怪，小儿麻痹并不是像我们想象的那样只能小时候得谈到杜鲁门，我得多说一句，当年美国的曼哈顿计划是罗斯福批的，知道美国要研究原子弹的人并不多，甚至许多后来参加研制的科学家都不知道自己在从事什么研究工作，保密工作做的相当严密，以致后来罗斯福下台，杜鲁门上台的时候都不知道美国已经研制出了原子弹．１１）北美最大范围的停电：blackout (or power failure )in eastern US and Canada，人类对科技依赖的例证．１２）巨牛的深蓝电脑，就是下棋的那个Deep Blue，是IBM的电脑，有２５６个processor，另外IBM还有个别称Big Blue１３）直线加速器linear accelerator，回旋加速器cyclotron accelerator１４）永动机perpetual motion machine１５）名人Albeit Einstein：photo electronic effect (光电效应) ；question classical mechanics, quantum theory,不要墨守成规stick to conventions,头脑要灵活，不能太固执adamant/ obstinate/ stubborn/ headstrong，质能方程：mass-energy equationGalileo: did experiment on Leaning Tower of Pisa to discover law of uniform acceleration of falling bodies; discovered that moon shines with reflected light; denounced for advocating Copernican system ;was later tried by Inquisition(宗教法庭) and forced to recant（改变信仰）; 哥白尼Copernicus，日心说：sun-centered system地心说：earth-centered system，布鲁诺Bruno，火刑be burned at stakeIsaac Newton：经典力学classical mechanics, 万有引力universal gravitation，be inspired by the falling apple;stand on the shoulders of giantsHegel 黑格尔: 1770－1831 German philosopher; his dialectic process for reconciling opposites influenced Existentialists, Marx, etc.Karl Marx 的辩证唯物主义来自于黑格尔的辩证法dialectic 和费尔巴哈Feuerbach的唯物论Vincent van Gogh：梵高，作品sunflowerMonet莫奈作品sunriseSteven Hawking: British theoretical physicist noted for his research into the origin of the universe. His work influenced the development of the big bang（宇宙大爆炸理论）and black hole（黑洞）theoryMandela（曼德拉）, （struggle against segregation in South Africa）the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism and antiapartheid. Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country. Since his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world. He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality.Beethoven, the German Composer, began to lose his hearing in 1801 and was entirely deaf by 1819. However, this obstacle could not keep him from becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art history. His music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, several senates and so on, forms a transition from classical to romantic composition. Individual, Companies, Leadership and Internal controlDiscriminating services may cause misunderstanding and unpleasant result.The best example is [T oshiba |, one of the largest Japanese companies. In 2000, the Company announced that among notebook computers it produced, one model had serious defect. Users in North America could choose either replacements with an upgraded model or full refund. However, no such offer for users in China. Chinese users were outraged at the company's discrimination and refused to use any of Toshiba's notebook computers. What the company lost is not only the temporary revenue but also the consumer's confidence, which contribute to the long-term success of the company.Roosevelt: the 32nd president and the only president elected for 4th terms (1933-45); developed reforms and projects known as the New Deal. Under his sagacious leadership, America successfully walked out the shadow of Recession and conquered the notorious fascism in the Second World War. And according to a poll conducted at Harvard in 1950, Roosevelt is highly renowned as one of the greatest president of American, ranking only after Washington and Lincoln.Washington: 1st president of the U.S. (1789-1797); established many precedents that permanently shaped the character of the office of president; universally regarded as father of his country. Abraham Lincoln: 16th president of the U.S. (1861-65); successfully preserved the Union during the American Civil War; issued Emancipation Proclamation freeing all slaves in rebelling states; made famous address dedicating cemetery at Gettysburg; assassinated five days after end of Civil War.Jefferson: chief author of Declaration of Independence (1776); 3d president of the U.S. (1801*09); purchased Louisiana from France, sent Lewis and Clark to explore it; prohibited importation of slaves; instrumental in founding U. of Virginia. From him we can see the importance init ially laid upon education. He required his progenies to carve such epitaph on his tombstone as ‘chief author of Declaration of Independence; author of the Freedom Law of Religion in Virginia; Father of the Virginia Uni.’ Without mentioning of his presidenc y. It reflected vividly what a status of education in Jefferson’s heart and this status was inherited by his successors. It is why American’s being super power of the world today.Wright Brothers(怀特兄弟):It lasted only 12 seconds, but those 12 seconds changed history. On December 17, 1903, two brothers named Orville and Wilbur Wright made the first airplane flight 哥俩的飞机就在天上呆了１２秒.Marie Curie: probed the mysteries of radioactivity and X rays. In 1903, she and her husband won the Nobel Prize in physics, one of the most important awards in science. In 1911, Marie Curie won a second Nobel Prize, this time in chemistry. She is one of very few people in history to win two Nobel prizes.Martin Luther King, Jr. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today!”Captain James Cook : sailed around the world twice. He was the first European to reach Hawaii and New ZealandOsama bin LadenConfucius孔子，Mencius孟子注：下面的表格是我转贴的，并非原创，但是我也加工了一些，特别是对于一些词的英文说法，也算是站在巨人的肩膀上吧？嘿嘿中文名字英文名字轶事利用点阿基米德Archimedes洗澡发明阿基米德定律principleof buoyancy ;从小受家庭熏陶知识面很广爱因斯坦Einstein少年时代和牛顿同学一样比较笨，后来对物理极度爱好，提出相对论，质疑了牛顿的经典力学；解释光电效应获得1921诺贝尔奖年幼的时候把有天赋的孩子集中训练；任何据称是事实的信息都应该被质疑，将来很可能会被证明是错误；墨守陈规不会成功安徒生Andersen丰富的想象力想象力作品的作用巴斯德Pasteur 高温消毒法pasteurization；一个科学家应该想到的，不是当时人们对他的表扬或者辱骂，而是未来若干世纪中人们怎么评价他,he alsointent the vaccine for rabies（发现狂犬病疫苗）评价历史人物贝多芬Beethoven 德国伟大的作曲家，从小开始学习小提琴和钢琴，一生作品丰富，贝多芬一直在莫扎特Mozart与海顿Haydn的音乐中成长，以致开始创作时风格也酷似两位前辈,在任何领域重大意义的成功都要接受过去的成就；天才要在早期培养；超人的毅力；站在巨人肩膀上比尔盖茨Bill Gates微软创始人，从Harvard退学成立了公司自学成才达芬奇Vinci 画画的非常好，据说比唐伯虎还要好，另外他还将其它学科知识用到绘画，想象力丰富，代表作《MonaLisa》所有的学生都应该被要求学习理科课程，尽管有些人对理科不感兴趣；想象力的题目；其它学科对自身研究领域的影响笛卡尔Descartes 法国著名哲学家，数学家，物理学家，同时对气象，生物等学科都做出了许多研究，解析几何analyticgeometry 的创立者。
GRE-issue写作之自己总结的万能例子
RenaissanceFor example, the helpless fate can be felt from the tragedy works, written by Shakespeare. Mona Lisa, created by Beethoven, revealed the mysterious and implicit smile.Although works completed by different artists and writers revealed slight variations in the access, performing form, and social aspect focusing on, as far as common theme and hidden ideas were concerned, the obvious similries to each other seemed much more than any of the minute differences, namely, resisting the feudalization and corrupt institution and enlightening freedom of human being. This is called “Renaissance” in the history.Genetic engineering迄今为止，基因工程还没有用于人体，但已在从细菌到家畜的几乎所有非人生命物体上做了实验，并取得了成功。
事实上，所有用于治疗糖尿病的胰岛素都来自一种细菌，其ＤＮＡ中被插入人类可产生胰岛素的基因，细菌便可自行复制胰岛素。
基因工程技术使得许多植物具有了抗病虫害和抗除草剂的能力；在美国，大约有一半的大豆和四分之一的玉米都是转基因的。
目前，是否该在农业中采用转基因动植物已成为人们争论的焦点：支持者认为，转基因的农产品更容易生长，也含有更多的营养（甚至药物），有助于减缓世界范围内的饥荒和疾病；而反对者则认为，在农产品中引入新的基因会产生副作用，尤其是会破坏环境。
gre考试写作部分issue的优秀写作实例
大多数人认为他们深信不疑的价值观是理*选择的结果，但是理智往往对于人们形成价值观几乎根本不起作用。
以下是gre考试写作部分issue的优秀写作实例通过这些优秀范文或是习作考生可以借鉴里面的短语句子或思路给自己的写作找一些思路和灵感
gre考试写作部分issue的优秀写作实例
以下是gre考试写作部分issue的优秀写作实例，通过这些优秀范文或是习作，考生可以借鉴里面的短语、句子或思路，给自己的写作找一些思路和灵感。
nowadaysthereincreasinglyarisesmuchconcernaboutwhetherreasonplaysaroleinpeopleformingvaluesornot.astheassertionpresentedbyspeakerthatmostpeoplethinkthattheirdeeplyheldvaluesaretheresultofrationalchoice,butreasonoftenhaslittletodowiththewaypeopleformvalues.nevertheless,inmyopinion,thedeeplybelievedvaluesaretheresultofrationalchoicebypeopleaswellastheirancestors.
firstofall,inthefaceofdifferentvalues,peopletendtochooseonebyconsideringthoroughlyandreasonably.onepopularexampleinvolvespeoplesrationalchoicetowardthe9.11terrorism.whenthetalibangovernmentproposedandspreadthevalueofterrorismbyattackingthepentagonbuilding,theamericansaswellasallotherpeace-loversstoodouttoexcoriatetheterrorismswiththeircold-bloodedandbrutalterrors.undeniably,mostpeoplechosepeaceratherthanterrorismbyreasonablethought.accordingly,itisviapeoplerational,logical,andprudentialchoicethatdeterminetoacceptorrejectthevaluesnewlyemerged.
GRE考试写作范文Issue汇总
GRE考试写作范文Issue汇总今日我搜集了一些GRE issue 的优秀范文，快来一起学习吧，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
.GRE考试写作范文IssueMost people recognize the benefits of individuality, but the fact is that personal economic success requires conformity.Personal economic success might be due either to ones investment strategy or to ones work or career. With respect to the former, non-conformists with enough risk tolerance and patience invariably achieve more success than conformists. With respect to the latter, while non-conformists are more likely to succeed in newer industries where markets and technology are in constant flux, conformists are more likely to succeed in traditional service industries ensconced in systems and regulations.Regarding the sort of economic success that results from investing ones wealth, the principles of investing dictate that those who seek risky investments in areas that are out of favor with the majority of investors ultimately reap higher returns than those who follow the crowd. It is conformists who invest, along with most other investors, in areas that are currently the most profitable, and popular. However, popular investments tend to be overpriced, and in the long run their values willcome down to reasonable levels. As a result, given enough time conformists tend to reap lower rewards from their investments than nonconformists do.Turning to the sort of economic success that one achieves by way of ones work, neither conformists nor non-conformists necessarily achieve greater success than the other group.In consumer-driven industries, where innovation, product differentiation and creativity are crucial to lasting success, non-conformists who take unique approaches tend to recognize emerging trends and to rise above their peers. For example, Ted Turners departure from the traditional format of the other television networks, and the responsiveness of Amazons Jeff Bezos to burgeoning Internet commerce, propelled these two non-conformists into leadership positions in their industries. Particularly in technology industries, where there are no conventional practices or ways of thinking to begin with, people who cling to last years paradigm, or to the status quo in general, are soon left behind by coworkers and competing firms.However, in traditional service industries--such as finance, accounting, insurance, legal services, and health care--personal economic success comes not to non-conformists but rather to those who can work most effectively within the constraints of established practices, policies and regulations. Of course, a clever idea for structuring a deal, ora creative legal maneuver, might play a role in winning smaller battles along the way. But such tactics are those of conformists who are playing by the same ground rules as their peers; winners are just better at the game.In conclusion, non-conformists with sufficient risk tolerance and patience are invariably the most successful investors in the long run. When it comes to careers, however, while non-conformists tend to be more successful in technology-and consumer-driven industries, traditionalists are the winners in system-driven industries pervaded by policy, regulation, and bureaucracy.GRE考试写作范文IssueWhat society has thought to be its greatest social, political, and individual achievements have often resulted in the greatest discontent.I strongly agree that great achievements often lead to great discontent. In fact, I would assert more specifically that great individual achievements can cause discontent for the individual achiever or for the society impacted by the achievement, or both. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge that whether a great achievement causes great discontent can depend on ones personal perspective, as well as the perspective of time.With respect to individual achievements, great achievers are by nature ambitious people and therefore tend to be dissatisfied anddiscontent with their accomplishments-no matter how great. Great athletes are compelled to try to better their record-breaking performances; great artists and musicians typically claim that their greatest work will be their next one--a sign of personal discontent. And many child protégés, especially those who achieve some measure of fame early in life, later suffer psychological discontent for having peaked so early. Perhaps the paradigmatic modern example of a great achievers discontent was Einstein, whose theoretical breakthroughs in physics only raised new theoretical conundrums which Einstein himself recognized and spent the last twenty years of his life struggling unsuccessfully to solve.Individual achievements can often result in discontent on a societal level. The great achievement of the individual scientists responsible for the success of the Manhattan Project resulted in worldwide anxiety over the threat of nuclear annihilation--a form of discontent with which the worlds denizens will forever be forced to cope. Even individual achievements that at first glance would appear to have benefited society turn out to be causes of great discontent. Consider the invention of the automobile, along with the innovations in manufacturing processes and materials that made mass production possible. As a result we have become a society enslaved to our cars, relying on them as crutches not only for transportation but also for affording us a false sense ofsocioeconomic status. Moreover, the development of assembly-line manufacturing has served to alienate workers from their work, which many psychologists agree causes a great deal of personal discontent.Turning from individual achievements to societal, including political, achievements, the extent to which great achievements have caused great discontent often depends on ones perspective. Consider, for example, Americas spirit of Manifest Destiny during the 19th Century, or British Imperialism over the span of several centuries. From the perspective of an Imperialist, conquering other lands and peoples might be viewed as an unqualified success. However, from the viewpoint of the indigenous peoples who suffer at the hands of Imperialists, these so-called achievements are the source of widespread oppression and misery, and in turn discontent, to which any observant Native American or South African native could attest.The extent to which great socio-political achievements have caused great discontent also depends on the perspective of time. For example, F.D.R.s New Deal was and still is considered by many to be one of the greatest social achievements of the 20th Century. However, we are just now beginning to realize that the social-security system that was an integral part of F.D.R.s social program will soon result in great discontent among those workers currently paying into the system but unlikely to see any benefits after they retire.To sum up, I agree that great achievements, both individual and socio-political, often result in great discontent. Moreover, great individual achievements can result in discontent for both the individual achiever and the society impacted by the achievement. Nevertheless, in measuring the extent of discontent, we must account for varying personal and political perspectives as well as different time perspectives.GRE考试写作范文IssueThe well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people question authority.The speaker asserts that when many people question authority society is better off. While I contend that certain forms of disobedience can be harmful to any society, I agree with the speaker otherwise. In fact, I would go further by contending that societys well-being depends on challenges to authority, and that when it comes to political and legal authority, these challenges must come from many people.Admittedly, when many people question authority some societal harm might result, even if a social cause is worthy. Mass resistance to authority can escalate to violent protest and rioting, during which innocent people are hurt and their property damaged and destroyed. The fallout from the 1992 Los Angeles riots aptly illustrates this point. The authority which the rioters sought to challenge was that of the legal justice system which acquitted police officers in the beating of RodneyKing. The means of challenging that authority amounted to flagrant disregard for criminal law on a mass scale--by way of looting, arson, and even deadly assault. This violent challenge to authority resulted in a financially crippled community and, more broadly, a turning back of the clock with respect to racial tensions across America.While violence is rarely justifiable as a means of questioning authority, peaceful challenges to political and legal authority, by many people, are not only justifiable but actually necessary when it comes to enhancing and even preserving societys well-being. In particular, progress in human rights depends on popular dissension. It is not enough for a charismatic visionary like Gandhi or King to call for change in the name of justice and humanity; they must have the support of many people in order to effect change. Similarly, in a democracy citizens must respect timeless legal doctrines and principles, yet at the same time question the fairness and relevance of current laws. Otherwise, our laws would not evolve to reflect changing societal values. It is not enough for a handful of legislators to challenge the legal status quo; ultimately it is up to the electorate at large to call for change when change is needed for the well-being of society.Questioning authority is also essential for advances in the sciences. Passive acceptance of prevailing principles quells innovation, invention, and discovery, all of which clearly benefit any society. In fact, the verynotion of scientific progress is predicated on rigorous scientific inquiry--in other words, questioning of authority. History is replete with scientific discoveries that posed challenges to political, religious, and scientific authority. For example, the theories of a sun-centered solar system, of humankinds evolution from other life forms, and of the relativity of time and space, clearly flew in the face of authoritative scientific as well as religious doctrine of their time. Moreover, when it comes to science a successful challenge to authority need not come from a large number of people. The key contributions of a few individuals---like Copernicus, Kepler, Newton, Darwin, Einstein, and Hawking---often suffice.Similarly, in the arts, people must challenge established styles and forms rather than imitate them; otherwise, no gemtinely new art would ever emerge, and society would be worse off. And again, it is not necessary that a large number of people pose such challenges; a few key individuals can have a profound impact. For instance, modern ballet owes much of what is new and exciting to George Ballanchine, who by way of his improvisational techniques posed a successful challenge to established traditions. And modern architecture arguably owes its existence to the founders of Germanys Bauhaus School of Architecture, which challenged certain authoritative notions about the proper objective, and resulting design, of public buildings.To sum up, in general I agree that when many people question authority the well-being of society is enhanced. Indeed, advances in government and law depend on challenges to the status quo by many people. Nevertheless, to ensure a net benefit rather than harm, the means of such challenges must be peaceful ones.GRE考试写作范文IssueIt is the artist, not the critic, who gives society something of lasting value.This statement asserts that art, not the art critic, provides something of lasting value to society. I strongly agree with the statement. Although the critic can help us understand and appreciate art, more often than not, critique is either counterproductive to achieving the objective of art or altogether irrelevant to that objective.To support the statement the speaker might point out the three ostensible functions of the art critic. First, critics can help us understand and interpret art; a critic who is familiar with a particular artist and his or her works might have certain insights about those works that the layperson would not. Secondly, a critics evaluation of an art work serves as a filter, which helps us determine which art is worth our time and attention. For example, a new novel by a best-selling author might nevertheless be an uninspired effort, and if the critic can call our attention to this fact we gain time to seek out more worthwhileliterature to read. Thirdly, a critic can provide feedback for artists; and constructive criticism, if taken to heart, can result in better work.However, reflecting on these three functions makes clear that the art critic actually offers very little to society.The first function is better accomplished by docents and teachers, who are more able to enhance a laypersons appreciation and understanding of art by providing an objective, educated interpretation of it. Besides, true appreciation of art occurs at the moment we encounter art; it is the emotional, even visceral impact that art has on our senses, spirits, and souls that is the real value of art. A critic can actually provide a disservice by distracting us from that experience.The critics second function that of evaluator who filters out bad art from the worthwhile is one that we must be very wary of. History supports this caution. In the role of judge, critics have failed us repeatedly. Consider, for example, Voltaires rejection of Shakespeare as barbaric because he did not conform to neo-classical principles of unity. Or, consider the complete dismissal of Beethovens music by the esteemed critics of his time. The art critics judgment is limited by the narrow confines of old and established parameters for evaluation. Moreover, critical judgment is often misguided by the ego; thus its value is questionable in any event.I turn finally to the critics third function: to provide useful feedbackto artists. The value of this function is especially suspect. Any artist, or anyone who has studied art, would agree that true art is the product of the artists authentic passion, a manifestation of the artists unique creative impulse, and a creation of the artists spirit. If art were shaped by the concern for integrating feedback from all criticism, it would become a viable craft, but at the same time would cease to be art.In sum, none of the ostensible functions of the critic are of much value at all, let alone of lasting value, to society. On the other hand, the artist, through works of art, provides an invaluable and unique mirror of the culture of the time during which the work was produced a mirror for the artists contemporaries and for future generations to gaze into for insight and appreciation of history. The art critic in a subordinate role, more often than not, does a disservice to society by obscuring this mirror.11。
gre写作6分issue范文
gre写作6分issue范文Title: "The Value of Dissent in a Progressive Society"In any society that aims to progress and thrive, dissent is not just a right but an absolute necessity. It is like the grit in an oyster that has the potential to produce a pearl.Some might argue that dissent creates chaos and division. They look ata group of protesters chanting on the street and see only disorder. However, this view is as short sighted as a mole that can't see beyond its little hole. Dissent is often the first sign that there is something wrong in the system. For example, in the early days of the civil rights movement in the United States, the voices of those who dissented against segregation were initially seen as troublemakers. But in reality, they were the ones who had the courage to point out the blatant injustice of a society that treated people differently based on the color of their skin.Dissent also serves as a catalyst for innovation. Think about it. If everyone in a company or a community simply nodded their heads and agreed with every idea put forward, we would be stuck in a rut. It's the person who says, "Hey, that's a dumb idea. Why don't we try this instead?" whooften pushes the boundaries. For instance, in the world of technology,Steve Jobs was known for his ability to dissent from the common thinking of the time. When most computer companies were focused on making big, bulky machines for businesses, Jobs had the vision to think that personal computers could be sleek, user friendly, and designed for the averageperson at home. His dissent from the established norms led to the creationof Apple products that have revolutionized the way we communicate, work,and live.Moreover, dissent is an essential part of a democratic society. A democracy is not a dictatorship where one voice rules all. It is a chorus of voices, and dissent ensures that all voices are heard, not just the loudest or the most popular. When citizens are allowed to dissent, they are participating in the shaping of their own society. They are saying, "We are part of this, and we have a say in how it runs." It's like a big, messy family dinner where everyone has the right to speak their mind, even if it means disagreeing with the family patriarch or matriarch.However, dissent should not be confused with mindless opposition. There is a difference between having a well thought out, reasoned dissent andjust being contrarian for the sake of it. The former is like a surgeon's scalpel, precise and aimed at cutting out the diseased parts of society. The latter is like a wild, flailing sword that can cause more harm than good.In conclusion, a society that values progress should embrace dissent with open arms. It should encourage its citizens to speak up when they see something wrong, to question the status quo, and to offer alternative solutions. Because in the end, it is through the healthy exchange of different opinions, even those that are uncomfortable and unpopular, that a society can truly move forward and reach new heights. It's like a ship sailing on the ocean. Dissent is the wind that can either capsize the ship if it's uncontrolled, but if harnessed correctly, it can take the ship to uncharted and wonderful destinations.。
GRE issue万能例子
GRE Analytical Writing 新鲜例子(1)Sarah Brightman 莎拉.布莱曼(就是音乐剧《猫》里唱MEOMORY那个)这个可以写determination什么的She was a workaholic from an early age, never waste a minute of time.Straight from school, she went to ballet lessons. When she got home at eight, she went to bed. She got up at four in the morning to do her homework and then began the schedule all over again.When she was a teenager, she decided to try her hand, or her vocals, at singing.这是她一张专辑的封面,很美吧~（2）Prisoner Abuse 虐囚事件（伊拉克战争的那个丑闻）可以写媒体的题材Since the “60 Minutes II”broadcast, pictures of abuse have been posted on the Internet and shown on television stations worldwide.一些有用的词汇：Watergate (这个都知道)Zipper gate（这是说克林顿的）Enron gate（这是说小布什）Muckraker 专门报道丑闻的记者the Forth Estate 第四阶级，在美国媒体被称为第四权力或第四阶级（3）A Message to Garcia 致加西亚的信（前两年很火的书）It is not book-learning young men need, nor instruction about this and that, but a stiffening of the vertebrae which will cause them to loyal to a trust, to act promptly, concentrate their energies: do the thing.(4)Nictzche尼采这厮有句名言：“One has to pay dearly for immortality. One has to die several times while one is still alive.”可以用在写毅力什么个人品质的~（5）William Hung 孔庆祥（这人前两年可是火得不行~）American Idol 美国偶像（超女就是中国版的美国偶像）Lovable loser 可爱的失败者He didn’t survive the first cut. His performance was interrupted by Simon Cowell (评委), You can’t dance. You can’t sing. So what do you want me to say?Hung earnestly and humbly replied: I already gave my best, and I have no regret at all.这个可以用在尝试，失败之类的题目上。
自己整理的GRE issue中文例子
1．凯萨查維斯(Cesar Chavez)是一位墨西哥裔美国劳工运动者，也是联合农场工人的领袖。
二十世纪时，他是农场季节工人(migrant farm workers：为找工作四处迁徙的人)的主要发声人。
他坚韧的领导能力让全国人民注意到劳工的工作环境有多糟糕，最后，他们的工作环境终于因此而获得改善。
Cesar Chavez was a Mexican American labor activist and leader of the United Farm Workers. During the 20th century he was a leading voice for migrant farm workers (people who move from place to place in order to find work). His tireless leadership focused national attention on these laborers' terrible working conditions, which eventually led to improvements.2．Saint Joan of Arc圣女贞德英法大战中投入保卫祖国的队伍，统帅法军，终于打败了英国侵略者，成为法国人民爱国斗争的旗帜。
对民主自由的追求。
3．Martin Luther King对取消种族歧视的追求，其实反应了黑人美国社会对种族歧视的反抗。
4．Van Gogh梵高凡·高荷兰画家。
16岁时在海牙一家画店当店员，1873～1876年间在伦敦、巴黎分店工作。
几经波折后，1880年开始画素描和水彩画。
曾入布鲁塞尔学院学习，后在海牙师从A.莫夫。
因性好绘画，遂去巴黎找其弟画商特奥，得以了解印象主义和后印象主义。
1888年前往法国南方的阿尔勒，在15个月里画了200多幅油画。
GREAWA范文Issue
GREAWA范文Issue我给大家整理了GRE AW A 范文Issue，盼望大家可以借鉴里面的短语、句子或思路，给自己的写作找一些思路和灵感,下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
GRE AW A 范文——IssueWe can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own.; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.Do we learn more from people whose ideas we share in common than from those whose ideas contradict ours? The speaker daims so, for the reason that disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning. I concede that undue discord can impede learning. Otherwise, in my view we learn far more from discourse and debate with those whose ideas we oppose than from people whose ideas are in accord with our own.Admittedly, under some circumstances disagreement with others can be counterproductive to learning. For supporting examples one need look no further than a television set. On todays typical television or radio talk show, disagreement usually manifests itself in meaningless rhetorical bouts and shouting matches, during which opponents vie to have their own message heard, but have little interest either in finding common ground with or in acknowledging the merits of the opponents viewpoint. Understandably, neither the combatants nor the viewers learn anything meaningful. In fact, these battles only serve to reinforce the predispositions and biases of all concerned. The end result is that learning is impeded.Disagreement can also inhibit learning when two opponents disagree on fundamental assumptions needed for meaningful discourse and debate.For example, a student of paleontology learns little about the evolution of an animal species under current study by debating with an individual whose religious belief system precludes the possibility of evolution to begin with. And, economics and finance students learn little about the dynamics of a laissez-faire system by debating with a socialist whose view is that a centrv2ized power should control all economic activity.Aside from the foregoing two provisos, however, I fundamentally disagree with the speakers claim. Assuming common ground between two rational and reasonable opponents willing to debate on intellectual merits, both opponents stand to gain much from that debate. Indeed it is primarily through such debate that human knowledge advances, whether at the personal, community, or global level.At the personal level, by listening to their parents rationale for their seemingly oppressive rules and policies teenagers can learn how certain behaviors naturally carry certain undesirable consequences. At the same time, by listening to their teenagers concerns about autonomy and about peer pressures parents can learn the valuable lesson that effective parenting and control are two different things. At the community level, through dispassionate dialogue an environmental activist can come to understand the legitimate economic concerns of those whose jobs depend on the continued profitable operation of a factory. Conversely, the latter might stand to learn much about the potential public health price to be paid by ensuring job growth and a low unemployment rate. Finally, at the global level, two nations with opposing political or economic interests can reach mutually beneficial agreements by striving to understand the others legitimate concerns for its national security, its political sovereignty, the 3 stability of its economy and currency, and so forth.In sum, unless two opponents in a debate are each willing to play on the same field and by the same rules, I concede that disagreement can impede learning. Otherwise, reasoned discourse and debate between people with opposing viewpoints is the very foundation upon whichhuman knowledge advances. Accordingly, on balance the speaker is fundamentally correct.GRE AW A范文——IssueA nation should require all its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer.The speaker would prefer a national curriculum for all children up until college instead of allowing schools in different regions the freedom to decide on their own curricula. I agree insofar as some common core curriculum would serve useful purposes for any nation .At the same time , however , individual states and communities should have some freedom to augment any such curriculum as they see fit; otherwise, a nations educational system might defeat its own purposes in the long term.A national curriculum would be beneficial to a nation in a number of respects .First of all, by providing all children with fundamental skills and knowledge, a common core curriculum memebers of society. In addition, a common core curriculum would provide a predictable foundation upon which college administrators and faculty could more easily build curricula and select course materials for freshmen that are neither below nor above their level of educaitonal experience.Finally, a core curriculum would ensure that all school-children are taught core values upon which any democratic society depaends to thrive, and even survive-values such as tolerance of others with different viewpoints ,and respect for others.However, a common curriculum that is also an exdusive one would pose certain problems, which might outweight the benefits, noted above, First of all, on what basis would certain likelihood these decisions would be in the hands of federal legislators and regulators, who are likely to have theis own quirky notions of what should and should not be taught to children-notions that may or may not reflect those of most communities ,schools, or parents.Besides,government officials are notoriously susceptible to influence-pedding by lobbyists who do not have the best interests of societys children in mind.Secondly, an official, federally sanctioned curriculum would facilitiate the dissemination of propaganda and other dogma which because of its biased and one-sided nature undermines the very purpose of true education: to enlighten. I can easily foresee the banning of certain text books ,programs ,and websites which provide information and perspectives that the government might wish to suppress-as some sort of threat to its authority and power.Althought this scenario might seemfar-fetched,these sorts of concerns are being raised already at the state level.Thirdly, the inflexible nature of a uniform national curriculum would preclude the inclusion of programs. courses, and materials that are primarily of regional or local signifcance.For example, California requires children at certain grade levels to learn about the history of particular ethnic groups who make up the states diverse population. A national curriculum might not allow for this feature, and Californias youngsters would be worse off as a result of their ignorance about the traditions,values,and cultural contributions of all the people whose citizenship they share.finally, it seems to me that imposing a uniform national curriculum would serve to undermine the authority of parents over their own children , to even a greater extent than uniform state laws currently do . Admittedly ,laws requiring parents to ensure that their chiledren receive an education that meets certain minimum standards are well-justified,for the reasons mentioned earilier.However, when such standards are imposed by the state rather at the community level parents are left with far less power to particapate meaningfully in the decision-making process.This problem would only be exacerbated where decisions left exclusively to federal regulations.In the final analysis, homogenization of elementary and secondary education would amout to a double-edged sword. while it would serve as an insurance policy against a future populated with illiterates and ignoramuses, at the same time it might serve to obliterate cultural diversity and tradition. The optimal federal approach, in my view, is a balanced one that imposes a basic curriculum yet leaves the rest up to each state -or better yet, to each community.GRE AW A 范文——IssueThe video camera provide such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records.According to the speaker,the video recording is a more important means of document hag contemporary life than a written record because video recordings are more accurate and convincing. Althought i agree that a video provides a more objective and accurate record of an events spatial aspects, there is far more to document about life than what we see and hear. Thus the speaker overstates the comparative significance of video as a documentary tool.For the purpose of documenting temporal,spatial events and expriences, i agree that a video record is usually more accurate and more convincing than a written record. It is impossible for anyone,no matter how keen an oberserver and skilled a journalist, to recount ha complete and objective detail such events as the winning touchdown at the Super Bowl, a Ballanchine ballet,the Tournament of Roses Parade ,or the scene at the intersection of Florence and Normandy streets during the 1992 Los Angleles riots.yet these are important events in contemporary life the sort of events we might put has a time capsule for the purpose of capturing our life and times at the turn of this millennium.The growing documentary role of video is not limited to seminal events like those described above. Video surveillance cameras are objective witnesses with perfect memories.Thus they can play a vital evidentiary role in legal proceedings -such as those involving robbery,drug trafficking,police misconduct,motor vehicle violations, and even malpractice in a hospital operating room.Indeed,whenever moving images are central to an event the video camera is superior to the written word.A written description of a hurricane,tornado,or volcanic eruption cannot convey its immediate power and awesome nature like a video record .A diary entry cannot replay that wedding reception ,dance recital,or surprise birthday party as accurately or objectively as a video record.And a real estate brochure cannot inform about the lighting, spaciousness,or general ambiance of a featured property nearly as effectively as a video.Nonetheless,for certain other purpose written records are advantageous to and more appropriate than video records.For example , certain legal matters are best left to written documentation: video is of no practical use ha documenting the terms of a complex contratual agreement,an incorporation,or the establishment of a trust.And video is of little use when it comes to documenting a persons subjective state of mind, impressions,or reflections of an event or exprience.Indeed, to the extent that personal interpretation adds dimension and richness to the record,written documentation statistical or other quantitative information. Returning to the riot example mentioned earlier,imagine relying on a video to document the financial loss to store owners ,the number of police an firefighters involved, and so forth .Complete and accurate video documentation of such information would require video cameras at every street corner and in every aisle of every store.In sum, the speakers claim overstates the importance of video records, at least to some extent. When it comes to capturing, storing ,and recalling temporal,spatial events ,video records are inherently more objective,accurate, and complete.However, what we view throught acamera lens provides only dimension of our life an times; written documentation will always be needed to quantify ,demystify,and provide meaning to the world around us.GRE AW A 范文——Issueit is often necessary ,even desirable,for political leaders to withhold information from the public.i agree with speaker that it is sometimes necessary , and even desirable ,for political leaders to withhold information from the public. A contrary view would reveal a naived about the inherent nature of public politics ,and about the sorts of compromise on the part of well-intentioned political leaders necessary in order to further the publics ultmate interests.Neverthless,we must not allow our political leaders undue freedom to with-hold information, otherwise,we risk sanctioning demagoguery and undermining the philosophical underpinnings of any democratic society.One reason for my fundamental agreement with the speaker is that in order to gain the opportunity for effective public leadership,a would-be leader must first gain and maintain political power .In the game of politics,complete forthrightness is a sign of vulnerability andnaivete ,neither of which earn a politician respect among his or her opponents,and which those opponents will use to every advantage to defeast the politician.In my obserbvation some measure of pandering to the electorate is necessary to gain and maintain political leadership. For example, were all politicians to fully disclose every personelfoibles,character flaw, and detail concerning personal life,few honest politicians would ever by elected.While this view might seem cynical, personal scandals have in fact proven the unding of many a political career; thus i think this view is realistic.Another reason why i essentially agree with the speaker is that fullydisclosing to the public certain types of information would threaten public safety and perhaps even national security. For example,if the President were to disclose the governments strategies for thwarting specific plans of an international terrorist or a drug trafficker,those stragies would surely fail, and the publics health an safety would be compromised as a result.Withholding information might also be necessary to avoid public panic .while such cases are rare,they do occur occasionally.For example,during the first few hours of the new millennium the U.S. Pentagons missile defense system experienced a Y2K-related malfunction.This fact was witheld from the public until later in theday ,once the problem had been solved; and legitimately so ,since immediate disclose would have served no useful purpose and might even have resulted in mass hysteria.Having recognized that withholding information from the public is often necessary to serve the interests of that public ,legitimate political leadership neverless requires forthrightness with the citizenry as to the leaders motives and agenda.History informs us that would-be leaders who lack such forthrightness are the same ones who seize and maintain power either by brute force or by demagoguery-that is ,by deceiving and manipulating the citizenry. Paragons such as Genghis Khan andHilter ,respectively, come immediately to mind.Any democratic society should of course abhor demagoguery,which operates against the democratic principle of government by the people.Consider also less egregious examples, such as President Nixons withholding of information about his active role in the Watergate cover-up.His behavior demonstrated a concern for self-interest above the broader interest of the democratic system that granted his political autority in the first place.In sum, the game of politics calls for a certain amount of disingenuousness and lack of forthrightness that we might otherwise characterize as dishonesty .And such behavior is a necessary means to the final objective of effective political leadership.Neverless, in any democracy a leader who relies chiefly on deception and secrecy topreserve that leadership, to advance a private agenda,or to conceal selfish motives,betrays the democracy-and ends up forfeiting the political game.GRE AW A 范文Issue文章到此就结束了，欢迎大家下载使用并丰富，共享给更多有需要的人。
GRE作文issue例子
GRE作文issue例子本来这篇也在那个系列里的，结果现在找不到了，还是发上来吧，现在大家都在准备GRE，给大家点帮助，自己攒人品考托福，哈哈！注：建议大家也自己总结一个这样的例子库，每个人熟悉的例子都不同，用你熟悉的例子论证各种不同问题才是王道。
hongranwin 整理政治范畴1：The Nixon's Watergate Affair 水门事件sex scandal of former president of America Bill Clinton政治与道德，丑闻与媒体2：二战：World War II, German ,Hitler 技术进步带来的战争，一战战胜国不平等条约带来的恶果，没有很好的引导民众思想，民族矛盾的激化，统一与分歧话题，科技与人道话题法西斯fascist战争赔款war indemnity民族主义nationalism3：林肯( Lincoln 1809-1865) 南北战争civil warAbraham Lincoln lead the civil war in order to emancipate the slaves, was also an honest boy since his childhood.Fear his wife.Be assassinated.以前法律保护奴隶主——破除不公平法律，服从人民意愿但也侵害了奴隶主的利益。
The Emancipation Proclamation abolished slavery in the United States.《解放黑人奴隶宣言》政治家是否应该服从大众（两方面都可以），服从传统与创新思想4: 罗斯福新政Roosevelt FranklinPromise of a New Deal for the American peopleStruggle out of the Great Depression 大萧条Roosevelt and Adolph Hitler took different measures when facing the problems of bi g depression such examples can be used in the dealing with diverse attitudes on th e problem of huge variation in society would lead to distinct results!服从历史与解决实际问题，在危局中的英明远见，是否服从大众，是否向群众隐藏信息5：马丁.路德.金Martin Luther King was a famous lawyer and leader of the Campaign of Civil Rights for Black in the United StatesDiscrimination勇于改变现实，坚持自己理想科技范畴：1：工业革命Industrial Revolution:技术改变生活方式，改变女性地位，机械替代人类劳动2：亚里士多德Aristotle Greek philosopherthe author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poe tics, he profoundly influenced Western thoughtThe crystal ball model of universe在其哲学体系里，理论服从实地观察和逻辑，以三段论为基础，基本上是理性研究的理论方法博学通才与专才的关系，人类通过最初浅的观察描述世界，不完善的物理理论仍然被相信。
新GRE作文issue模板常用句型个人总结
ISSUE段1. 1) I agree with the speaker's broad assertion that money spent on research is generally money well invested. (Issue 18)2) Admittedly, the many experiences that are convenient for our growth/benefit the descendants are the result of/usually result from the extraordinary (非凡的) cumulative（渐增的）efforts of our engineers, entrepreneurs, and sociologists (scientists, politicians, historians, predecessors). (Issue 12) 3) And, such advantages/successes/conveniences always provide us with the best available guide to overcome obstacles in our daily lives.4) However/Nevertheless, the manager's argument is indefensible in several critical respects because he ignores the significance presented by history.段2. 1) Lending credence to the statement is that faculty and students in related history would bring diverse cultural and educational perspectives to the problems they seek to solve. (Issue 7)2) As a matter of fact, research from some famous figures always carries significant information to the future, and it’s critical/essential that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments to address society’s more immediate problems.3) Consider, for instance, Jack Welch’s program when a company is running in a low efficiency and facing a financial crisis (political crisis or natural disaster).4) This ambitious project is possible only because participating nations are pooling（集合资源）their economic resources as well as scientific talents. (Issue 47)5) Welch’s strategy was later adopted by other entrepreneurs and moreover, many similar projects could be used to solve enduring company financial problems.6) Thus a useful strategy (insight or discovery) can come from a researcher (scientist/predecessor) from any nation/realms. (Issue 7)段3. 1) Adding further credibility to the statement is the tendency (observation/phenomenon) that learning about the mistakes of past societies helps us avoid repeating them.2) After all, humans seem naturally driven/tend to make things bigger/easier and more complex/simpler; thus refraining/promoting from doing so, or reversing/enhancing this natural process, takes considerable/great effort and courage of a different sort. (Issue 12)3) One apt example of this point involves Sanlu Group, a famous Chinese dairy products company, which has been committed to providing the most popular brands of infant formula to global consumers. In September 2008, it was involved in an adulterated milk powder scandal, affecting some 29400 Chinese infants and killing six. It received a bankruptcy order and several of its top managers were sentenced to long prison terms.4) Apparently/Obviously, all nations should learn a lesson from Sanlu’s scandal and take out an insurance policy to prevent those similar cases.5) As it turns out, a certain self-restraint and courage (experience and lessons from the past) are both unavoidable and necessary to confront and overcome modern inconvenience/lure (these internal fears and self-doubts), to simplify/optimize/benefit one's daily schedule/knowledge/development, and to establish/build a simple plan/strategy for the use of one's capability. (Issue 12)段4. 1) Except from the aforementioned situations, the establishment/effect/consequence of such a point poses certain problems of its own (political, environmental, health and economic problems/risks/challenges), which must be addressed/minimize in order that the government/society/human beings can achieve its objectives/prospective prosperity. (Issue 7)2) On the one hand/First, it wrongly/illogically presumes/categorizes any law as either just or unjust (related/isolated), and then it recommends an ineffective and potentially harmful means of legal reform/learning. (Issue 11)3) Indeed, observations-for example, about whether research of atomic weapons was out of rules, or about whether the use of technological cloning was illegal depending on not only just laws but also one's moral principles. (Issue 69)4) After all, our experience as humans informs us that practicality/humanity amounts to far more than (远不止是) meeting economic needs, but also our own survival as a species.5) In the second place/Secondly, comprehensive historical backgrounds would help overcome controversial/a myriad of administrative/environmental/political problems/impediments. (Issue 7) 6) A current example involves that the government should strike a balance between the environmental pollution and the company’s interests.7) Some theorists/governors now claim that the toxic effluents from factory cannot be emitted into a nearby river, while complying with the regulation might be costly for the company.8) (To the contrary/In fact) Surely, a number of entrepreneurs and engineers today are mustering/ sacrificing that courage/interests, and are making the effort to create far simpler, yet more elegant, technologies and applications, which will truly make our lives simpler/safer in sharp contrast/compared to what computer technology has delivered to us. (Issue 12)9) Indisputably, solving these problems requires an open mind to history both related and unrelated.段5. 1) In sum, I agree that the related history is valuable because it is an effective way to acquire meaningful knowledge and to avoid repeating mistakes.2) Nevertheless/Accordingly, the speaker overlooks many great individuals/critical problems, particularly in some moral issues and in beneficial fairs, which are always solved by experience unrelated to our daily lives. (Issue 21)3) In the final analysis, to solve those problems more efficiently and comprehensively we are forced to strike a balance in how to allocate our energy between the two respects.备用句式1) observations，phenomenon现象/ unjustifiable，insubstantial不合理的2) Parents who dote on their only child will be a negative factor of their child’s progress. Such well meaning people just don't understand.3) Kennedy asked us to think what you can do for your country instead of what your country can do for you.4) Einstein, like history's other most influential scientists, simply refused to accept conventional interpretations of what we all observe. (Issue 69)5) There's nothing to be later proved or disproved, affirmed or discredited, or even improved upon or refined by further knowledge or newer technology. (Issue 18)6) However/By contrast, in the sciences it is difficult to identify greatness without the benefit of historical perspective. (Issue 21)7) In the realm of business, in some cases great achievement is recognizable immediately, while in other cases it is not. Consider on the one hand Henry Ford's…. (Issue 21)8) Returning to the abortion example mentioned above, a person strongly opposed to the freedom-of-choice position might maintain that the illegal blocking of access to an abortion clinic amounts to justifiable disobedience. (Issue 11)9) Teaching people how to fish rather than offering them a basket of fish.10) While this notion might appeal to certain existentialists and epistemologists, it runs against the grain of all scientific discovery and knowledge gained over the last 500 years. (Issue 69)11) I am hard-pressed to think of one person who has ever exclaimed to me how much effort and courage it has taken to complicate his or her life in these respects. (Issue 12)12) Only time will tell whether string theory indeed provides the unifying laws that all matter in the universe obeys. (Issue 21)13) The picture above does reveal certain disturbing phenomenon in a contemporary society with the material prosperity. In the general routine of everyday living, sth will enrich my working experience and broaden my mind, thus paving a way for my prospective career. (Issue 18)。
GRE issue写作万能论据
GRE issue写作万能论据From 太傻注：以下论据你可能觉得很俗，但你不得不承认他真的很万能，所以你到考场上肯定最先浮现的就是这几个名字，伽利略、牛顿、达尔文……1、Galileo（伽利略）:When he was 25 years old, he is reporting to have shown his students the error of Aristotle’s belief that speed of fall is not proportional to weight, by dropping two objects of different weight simultaneously from the Leaning Tower. His theory of free falling was the centre of the controversy In his own lifetime. But the theory make significant contribution to the research later, such as in ……Galileo's ideas were in advance of the age in which he lived.可用话题：怀疑精神；现在无用的研究结果未来不一定无用；新手novice与老手veteran、权威; 有争议、不确定的研究结果2、Copernicus（哥白尼）:For example, in 1543 as a time when most people believed that the sun and the planets circled around the earth, a Polish astronomer named Copernicus suggested that the earth and the other planets revolved around the sun. 例如，在1543年，就在大多数人相信太阳和其他行星是绕地球运转的时候，有一个叫哥白尼的人却提出，地球和其他行星是绕太阳运转的。
gre issue写作优秀实例：直接和间接经验
gre issue写作优秀实例：直接和间接经验新gre作文写作考察考生完成题目过程中是否能够融合批判性思维和分析写作能力，以下是gre考试写作部分issue的优秀写作实例，通过这些优秀范文或是习作，考生可以借鉴里面的短语、句子或思路，给自己的写作找一些思路和灵感。
题目：We learn though direct experience; to accept a theory without experiencing it is to learn nothing at all.我们通过直接经验来学习，如果没有通过体验来接受一个理论就等于根本没学。
正文：In this complicated and technology advanced world, learning becomes more significant than ever before. For an individual, he must find best ways to learn effectively. Here,the speaker of the title statement gives us his answer concerning how to study.However, he seems to oversimplify the ways oflearning, which not only contain experiencing but other means, such as analogy, observation, deducing, synthesis and even imagination.It is admitted that though experiencing we can learn a lot. But only when an individual want to master some kind of skill or the like, experiencing serves the best way. For instance, only through practicing again and again can one learn to ride a bicycle. In this kind of learning, such as how to drive a car, how to swim, how to cook and how to speak a foreign language, more experience and practice, more skilled he wouldbe.However, in such skill-type learning, other means are not so effective or even have no use at all. Also take the riding a bicycle for example. Does anyone think that one can be a skilled rider just by deducing or analogy? Perhaps no one could say yes. So in conclusion, if one wants to master some kind of skill, the best way is experiencing and practicing.Some times maybe one could learn something by experiencing, but one should not have to do so, since there is other better ways to choose. For example, if someone wants to know how a skyscraper is built, hewould not to be a worker and build the big building himself. What one should do is just observation. If he likes to learn more, he should learn some fundamental knowledge such as architecture and physics. Or a manager of a supermarket needs to know how his rival supermarkets operate, he have not to be the employee or manager of his rival company. The better way is making some investigation first, and then making proper analogy and comprehensive analysis. However, in some cases, there is no feasibility to practice or no possibility to experience some certain theory or event. For example, the special theory of relativity tells us that when an object’s velocity is close to that of light, time would be much slower or even stop with respect to the object. It is true that one would have much deeper understanding concerning the principle if he or she experiences this great theory; but can anybody have the confidence to manage to achieve that fantastic speed now or in 50 years later in future? For most common ones, some theories can only be learned by other ways. Another example: in almost all cases, what a detective desperately wants to know is what the real situationof the scene of the crime is when the criminal committed his offence. But it is clearly impossible to experience the crime again. However, the detective has to rely on deducing, analyzing, or even imagination.In addition, when coming to science, it is necessary to take advantage of as many methods as possible to discover new facts and explain certain phenomenon. Typically, the process of scientific research is as follows: first advancing a new hypothesis—imagination; second conducting series of experiments—experiencing; then analyzing the results of the experiments—deducing and synthesizing. So In science and many other areas, methods of learning can not be separated mechanically and artificially.In conclusion, it is absurd to say that without experiencing one can not learn anything at all. Only in the learning of certain kind of skills, experiencing is the most effective way. And if one wants to learn different things in different fields, one should take advantage of all the possible methods.。
GRE考试写作范文Issue整合
GRE考试写作范文Issue整合想要提高GRE写作水平，需要多仿照优秀的范文，我整理了一些范文，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
GRE考试写作范文IssuePeople who are the most deeply committed to an idea or policy are the most critical of it.The speaker claims that people who are the most firmly committed to an idea or policy are the same people who are most critical of that idea or policy. While I find this claim paradoxical on its face, the paradox is explainable, and the explanation is well supported empirically. Nevertheless, the claim is an unfair generalization in that it fails to account for other empirical evidence serving to discredit it.A threshold problem with the speakers claim is that its internal logic is questionable. At first impression it would seem that firm commitment to an idea or policy necessarily requires the utmost confidence in it, and yet one cannot have a great deal of confidence in an idea or policy if one recognizes its flaws, drawbacks, or other problems. Thus commitment and criticism would seem to be mutually exclusive. But are they? One possible explanation for the paradox is that individuals most firmly committed to an idea or policy are often the same people who are most knowledgeable on the subject, and therefore are in the best position to understand and appreciate the problems with the idea or policy.Lending credence to this explanation for the paradoxical nature of the speakers claim are the many historical cases of uneasy marriages between commitment to and criticism of the same idea or policy. For example, Edward Teller, the so-called father of the atom bomb, was firmly committed to Americas policy of gaining military superiority overthe Japanese and the Germans; yet at the same time he attempted fervently to dissuade the U.S. military from employing his technology for destruction, while becoming the most visible advocate for various peaceful and productive applications of atomic energy. Another example is George Washington, who was quoted as saying that all the worlds denizens should abhor war wherever they may find it. Yet this was the same military general who played a key role in the Revolutionary War between Britain and the States. A third example was Einstein, who while committed to the mathematical soundness of his theories about relativity could not reconcile them with the equally compelling quantum theory which emerged later in Einsteins life. In fact, Einstein spent the last twenty years of his life criticizing his own theories and struggling to determine how to reconcile them with newer theories.In the face of historical examples supporting the speakers claim are innumerable influential individuals who were zealously committed to certain ideas and policies but who were not critical of them, at least not outwardly. Could anyone honestly claim, for instance, that Elizabeth Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, who in the late 19th Century paved the way for the womens rights movement by way of their fervent advocacy, were at the same time highly critical or suspicious of the notion that women deserve equal rights under the law? Also, would it not be absurd to claim that Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, historys two leading advocates of civil disobedience as a means to social reform, had serious doubts about the ideals to which they were so demonstrably committed? Finally, consider the two ideologues and revolutionaries Lenin and Mussolini. Is it even plausible that their demonstrated commitment to their own Communist and Fascist policies, respectively, belied some deep personal suspicion about the merits of these policies? To my knowledge no private writing of any of these historical figures lends any support to the claim that these leaders were particularly critical of their own ideas or policies.To sum up, while at first glance a deep commitment to and incisivecriticism of the same idea or policy would seem mutually exclusive, it appears they are not. Thus the speakers claim has some merit. Nevertheless, for every historical case supporting the speakers claim are many others serving to refute it. In the final analysis, then, the correctness of the speakers assertion must be determined on a case-by-case basis.GRE考试写作范文IssueTradition and modernization are incompatible. One must choose between them.Must we choose between tradition and modernization, as the speaker contends? I agree that in certain cases the two are mutually exclusive. For the most part, however, modernization does not reject tradition; in fact, in many cases the former can and does embrace the latter.In the first place, oftentimes so-called modernization is actually an extension or new iteration of tradition, or a variation on it. This is especially true in language and in law. The modern English language, in spite of its many words that are unique to modern Western culture, is derived from, and builds upon, a variety of linguistic traditions--and ultimately from the ancient Greek and Latin languages. Were we to insist on rejecting traditional in favor of purely modern language, we would have essentially nothing to say. Perhaps an even more striking marriage of modernization and tradition is our system of laws in the U.S., which is deeply rooted in English common-law principles of equity and justice. Our system requires that new, so-called modern laws be consistent with, and in fact build upon, those principles.In other areas modernization departs from tradition in some respects, while embracing it in others. In the visual arts, for example, modern designs, forms, and elements are based on certain timeless aesthetic ideals--such as symmetry, balance, and harmony. Modern art that violates these principles might hold ephemeral appeal due to its novelty andbrashness, but its appeal lacks staying power. An even better example from the arts is modern rock-and-roll music, which upon first listening might seem to bear no resemblance to classical music traditions. Yet, both genres rely on the same twelve-note scale, the same notions of what harmonies are pleasing to the ear, the same forms, the same rhythmic meters, and even many of the same melodies.I concede that, in certain instances, tradition must yield entirely to the utilitarian needs of modern life. This is true especially when it comes to architectural traditions and the value of historic and archeological artifacts. A building of great historic value might be located in the only place available to a hospital desperately needing additional parking area. An old school that is a prime example of a certain architectural style might be so structurally unsafe that the only practicable way to remedy the problem would be to raze the building to make way for a modern, structurally sound one. And when it comes to bridges whose structural integrity is paramount to public safety, modernization often requires no less than replacement of the bridge altogether. However, in other such cases architecturally appropriate retrofits can solve structural problems without sacrificing history and tradition, and alternative locations for new buildings and bridges can be found in order to preserve tradition associated with our historic structures. Thus, even in architecture, tradition and modernization are not necessarily mutually exclusive options.To sum up, in no area of human endeavor need modernization supplant, reject, or otherwise exclude tradition. In fact, in our modern structures, architecture andGRE考试写作范文IssueBecause of television and worldwide computer connections, people can now become familiar with a great many places that they have never visited. As a result, tourism will soon become obsolete.The speaker asserts that television and computer connectivity will soon render tourism obsolete. I agree that these technologies might eventually serve to reduce travel for certain purposes other than tourism. However, I strongly disagree that tourism will become obsolete, or that it will even decline, as a result.As for the claim that television will render tourism obsolete, we already have sufficient empirical evidence that this will simply not happen. For nearly a half-century we have been peering through our television sets at other countries and cultures; yet tourism is as popular today as ever. In fact, tourism has been increasing sharply during the last decade, which has seen the advent of television channels catering exclusively to our interest in other cultures and countries. The more reasonable conclusion is that television has actually served to spark our interest in visiting other places.It is somewhat more tempting to accept the speakers further claim that computer connectivity will render tourism obsolete. However, the speaker unfairly assumes that the purpose of tourism is simply to obtain information about other people and places. Were this the case, I would entirely agree that the current information explosion spells the demise of tourism. But, tourism is not primarily about gathering information. Instead, it is about sensory experience--seeing and heating firsthand, even touching and smelling. Could anyone honestly claim that seeing a picture or even an enhanced 3-D movie of the Swiss Alps serves as a suitable substitute for riding a touting motorcycle along narrow roads traversing those mountains? Surely not. The physical world is laden with a host of such delights that we humans are compelled to experience firsthand as tourists.Moreover, in my view tourism will continue to thrive for the same reason that people still go out for dinner or to the movies: we all need to get away from our familiar routines and surroundings from time to 6me.Will computer connectivity alter this basic need? Certainly not. In short, tourism is a manifestation of a basic human need for variety and for exploration. This basic need is why humans have come to inhabit every corner of the Earth, and will just as surely inhabit other planets of the solar system.In fact, computer connectivity might actually provide a boon for tourism. The costs of travel and accommodations are likely to decrease due to Internet price competition. Even more significantly, to the extent that the Internet enhances communication among the worlds denizens, our level of comfort and trust when it comes to dealing with people from other cultures will only increase. As a result, many people who previously would not have felt safe or secure traveling to strange lands will soon venture abroad with a new sense of confidence.Admittedly, travel for purposes other than tourism might eventually decline, as the business world becomes increasingly dependent on the Internet. Products that can be reduced to digital bits and bites can now be shipped anywhere in the world without any human travel. And the volume of business-related trips will surely decline in the future, as teleconferencing becomes more readily available. To the extent that business travelers play tourist during business trips, tourism will decline as a result. Yet it would be absurd to claim that these phenomena alone will render tourism obsolete.In sum, while business travel might decline as a result of global connectivity, tourism is likely to increase as a result. Global connectivity, especially the Internet, can only pique our curiosity about other peoples, cultures, and places. Tourism helps satisfy that curiosity, as well as satisfying a fundamental human need to experience new things first-hand and to explore the world.GRE考试写作范文IssueHigh-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail and television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication.Do high-speed means of communication, particularly television and computers, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication, as the speaker suggests? Although ample empirical evidence suggests so with respect to television, the answer is far less dear when it comes to communication via computers.Few would argue that since its inception broadcast television has greatly enhanced communication to the masses. The circulation of even the most widely read newspapers pales compared to the number of viewers of popular television news programs. Yet traditional television is a one-way communications medium, affording viewers no opportunity to engage those so-called talking heads in dialogue or respond. Of course, there is nothing inherent about television that prevents us from meaningful and thoughtful communication with each other. In fact, in televisions early days it was a fairly common occurrence for a family to gather around the television together for their favorite show, then afterwards discuss among themselves what they had seen and heard. Yet over time television has proven itself to serve primarily as a baby-sitter for busy parents, and as an means of escape for those who wish to avoid communicating with the people around them. Moreover, in the pursuit of profit, network executives have determined over time that the most effective uses of the medium are for fast-paced entertainment and advertising--whose messages are neither thoughtful nor meaningful.Do computers offer greater promise for thoughtful and reflective communication than television? Emphatically, yes. After all, media such as email and the Web are interactive by design. And the opportunity for two-way communication enhances the chances of meaningful and thoughtful communication. Yet their potential begs the question: Do these media in fact serve those ends? It is tempting to hasten that the answer isyes with respect to email; after are, weve all heard stories about how email has facilitated reunions of families and old friends, and newlong-distance friendships and romances. Moreover, it would seem that two-way written communication requires far more thought and reflection than verbal conversation. Nevertheless, email is often used to avoidface-to-face encounters, and in practice is used as a means of distributing quick memos. Thus on balance it appears that email serves as an impediment, not an aide, to thoughtful and reflective communication.With respect to Web-based communication, the myriad of educational sites, interactive and otherwise, is strong evidence that the Web tends to enhance, rather than prevent, meaningful communication. Distance learning courses made possible by the Web lend further credence to this assertion. Nonetheless, by all accounts it appears that the Web will ultimately devolve into a mass medium for entertainment and for e-commerce, just like traditional television. Meaningful personal interactivity is already yielding to advertising, requests for product information, buy-sell orders, and titillating adult-oriented content.Thus, on balance these high-speed electronic media do indeed tend to prevent rather than facilitate meaningful and thoughtful communication. In the final analysis, any mass medium carries the potential for uplifting us, enlightening us, and helping us to communicate with and understand one another. However, by all accounts, television has not fulfilled that potential; and whether the Web will serve us any better is ultimately up to us as a society.。
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RenaissanceFor example, the helpless fate can be felt from the tragedy works, written by Shakespeare. Mona Lisa, created by Beethoven, revealed the mysterious and implicit smile.Although works completed by different artists and writers revealed slight variations in the access, performing form, and social aspect focusing on, as far as common theme and hidden ideas were concerned, the obvious similries to each other seemed much more than any of the minute differences, namely, resisting the feudalization and corrupt institution and enlightening freedom of human being. This is called “Renaissance” in the history.Genetic engineering迄今为止，基因工程还没有用于人体，但已在从细菌到家畜的几乎所有非人生命物体上做了实验，并取得了成功。
事实上，所有用于治疗糖尿病的胰岛素都来自一种细菌，其ＤＮＡ中被插入人类可产生胰岛素的基因，细菌便可自行复制胰岛素。
基因工程技术使得许多植物具有了抗病虫害和抗除草剂的能力；在美国，大约有一半的大豆和四分之一的玉米都是转基因的。
目前，是否该在农业中采用转基因动植物已成为人们争论的焦点：支持者认为，转基因的农产品更容易生长，也含有更多的营养（甚至药物），有助于减缓世界范围内的饥荒和疾病；而反对者则认为，在农产品中引入新的基因会产生副作用，尤其是会破坏环境。
诚然，仍有许多基因的功能及其协同工作的方式不为人类所知，但想到利用基因工程可使番茄具有抗癌作用、使鲑鱼长得比自然界中的大几倍、使宠物不再会引起过敏，许多人便希望也可以对人类基因做类似的修改。
毕竟，胚胎遗传病筛查、基因修复和基因工程等技术不仅可用于治疗疾病，也为改变诸如眼睛的颜色、智力等其他人类特性提供了可能。
比如，运用此技术，可使患儿的父母生一个和患儿骨髓匹配的孩子，然后再通过骨髓移植来治愈患儿。
So far, genetic engineering has not been used in human, but it has achieved successful experiment in almost all the objects on non-human life--from bacteria to livestock already. In fact, all the insulin treatment for diabetes come from a kind of bacteria which can be inserted into a human genes to make copies of insulin by bacteria oneself. Genetic engineering technology makes many plants have the disease-resistant ability and herbicide, In the USA, about half of soybean and a quarter of corn is genetically modified.At present, whether the transgenic plants used in agriculture has become the focus of debate, transgenic supporters think: the agricultural is faster to growth, and easier to contain more nutrition (even medicine), to help slow down worldwide famine and disease, But opponents argued, introducing new genes into agricultural will occur side effects, especially destroy the environment.Advantage:Admittedly, ethicist rejected the innovative development of genetic engineering because, although it resolved some problems, it also produced new complications. Nevertheless, there are still many genes function and work principle beyond human knowledge, but using genetic engineering can make the tomatoes have anti-cancer effects, make the salmon bigger than in nature, and also make pet no longer allergy, many people are expect to do similar human genetic modification. After all, gene engineering technology can not only cure the disease, alsomake most possibility for change human characteristics, such as eye color, intelligence and others. For example, by using this technology, it is possible to make the parents pregnant to born a baby whose bone matches one needs homogenous bone, and then through the bone marrow transplants to cure patients.We said the advantages and disadvantages of biological technology, is mainly refers to the genetic engineering.弊:1) 克隆将减少遗传变异，通过克隆产生的个体具有同样的遗传基因，同样的疾病敏感性，一种疾病就可以毁灭整个由克隆产生的群体。
可以设想，如果一个国家的牛群都是同一个克隆产物，一种并不严重的病毒就可能毁灭全国的畜牧业。
2) 克隆技术的使用将使人们倾向于大量繁殖现有种群中最有利用价值的个体，而不是按自然规律促进整个种群的优胜劣汰。
从这个意义上说，克隆技术干扰了自然进化过程.7) 克隆技术对家庭关系带来的影响也将是巨大的。
一个由父亲的DNA克隆生成的孩子可以看作父亲的双胞胎兄弟，只不过延迟了几十年出生而已。
很难设想，当一个人发现自己只不过是另外一个人的完全复制品，他（或她）会有什么感受？所以说,科学技术有时就是一把双刃剑,有利也有没弊,没有标准答案!就看人们这样利用了! Disadvantages:1) genetic engineering would reduce the genetic variation of individuals and own the same diseases sensitivity , as a result, a disease can destroy whole colony by cloning. So we can imagine that, if a nation is the same cloned cattle, a kind of the virus could destroy the animal husbandry. 2) The use of genetic engineering will make people tend to propagate the most value individual within existing colony, rather than the natural law of survival. In this sense, the cloning technology will interrupt the procession of natural evolution. Interference7) genetic engineering will lead a great influence on family relationships. A father of the DNA can be seen as twin brothers, but only delayed for decades. It is hard to imagine that, when a man found himself was just another man's fully reproductions, what feelings will he or she haveSo, science and technology is a double-edged sword, sometimes, there are no harm and no standard answer! Just look like people to use!GalileoGalileo, Italian astronomer and physicist, discovered law of uniform acceleration of falling bodies. For example, Galileo, the great astronomer and physicist in X century, overthrowed the famous theory ,established over 2000 years ago by great people—Aritle, through the experience and thus led to discover law of uniform acceleration of falling bodies. Therefore, the question on the science might usually contribute the unexpected devotion to the progress of science, not obstacle one.Bearing generation“垮掉的一代”是美国战后的一代，他们成长在一个循环发生战争的世界上，他们中的一些成为了一种新的文化的杰出代表，即“垮掉”哲学。