人教版七年级英语下册Unit10知识点归纳
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Unit10 I’d like some noodles.知识点归纳一、重点短语
1. would like sth. 想要某物
2. would like to do sth. 想要做某事
3. put on 穿上,戴上
4. take one's order 点菜
5. in the beef noodles 在牛肉面里
6. mapo tofu with rice 麻婆豆腐外带大米
7. what kind of noodles 什么种类的面条
8. a large bowl of noodles 一大碗面条
9. a medium bowl of noodles 一中碗面
10. a small bowl of noodles 一小碗面条
11. what size 什么尺寸
12.May I take your order? 可以点餐了么?
13. beef noodles with carrots 带有胡萝卜的牛肉面
14. green tea 绿茶
15. orange juice 橙汁16. around the world 世界各地
17. in different countries 在不同的国家
18. birthday cakes with candles 带蜡烛的生日蛋糕
19. the birthday person 寿星
20. make a wish 许愿
21. blow out the candles 吹灭蜡烛
22. in one go 一口气,一次性的
23. come true 实现
24. get popular 变得流行,受欢迎
25. long noodles 长寿面
26. cut up 切碎/断
27. a symbol of long life 长寿的象征
28. be different 不同的
29. be the same 一样的
30. bring good luck to sb. 带给某人幸运
31. have different kinds of … 有不同种类的......
二、用法归纳
1. would like + sth. 想要某物
2. would like + to do sth. 想要做某事
3. Why don’t you + do sth.? 何不做某事?
4. the number of + 名词复数……的数量;a number of+名词复数许多……
三、重点句子
1. What kind of noodles would you like? 你想要哪种面条?
2. I’d like beef noodles, please. 我想要牛肉面。
3. What size would you like? 你想要多大的?
4. I’d like a medium bowl, please. 我想要一个中碗的。
5. Would you like a large bowl? 你想要一个大碗的吗?
6. Yes, please. 好吧。
7. If he or she blows out all the candles in one go, the wish will come true. 假如他或她一口气吹灭所有的蜡烛,愿望将实现。
四、语法精讲
名词复数的变化规律
一、名词复数的构成方法及读音规则
1.一般情况加–s:
map-maps; drink-drinks; roof-roofs; park-parks; boy-boys; show-shows; zoo-zoos;
panda-pandas; car-cars; singer-singers; girl-girls; pen-pens; friend-friends;
bag-bags; lab-labs; room-rooms;
2.以s, sh, ch, x等结尾加–es, 如:
bus-buses watch-watches box-boxes brush-brushes match-matches fish-fishes
3.以辅音字母+y结尾,变y 为i,再加es。
例如:
baby-babies; strawberry-strawberries country-countries; story-stories
family-families; city-cities
但以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。
two Marys the Henrys
boy-boys; monkey-monkeys;
play-plays; holiday-holidays
4.以o结尾的名词,变复数时:
1)无生命的加s, 如:
photo---photos, zoo---zoos piano---pianos, radio---radios ;
2)有生命的加es, 如:
potato---potatoes, tomato---tomatoes, hero---heroes(英雄),
5.以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:
1)加s,如:
belief---beliefs(信仰,信任)roof---roofs (房顶)scarf---scarfs / scarves (围巾)
2)去f, fe 加ves,如:
half---halves (半)knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives(生命)thief---thieves shelf---shelves (架子)
self---selves(自己)
二、名词复数的不规则变化
child---children,foot---feet, tooth---teeth, goose---geese(鹅),
mouse---mice(小老鼠),man---men,woman---women,
注意:由一个词加man 或woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。
an Englishman--two Englishmen。
但German不是合成词,所以复数形式为Germans.
2.单复同形。
如:
deer鹿,sheep 绵羊Chinese---Chinese; Japanese---Japanese
3.集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。
people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people(一个人),a police,a cattle;(但是可以有:a people : 一个民族)
但在表达“一个…”时,可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle .
4.以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:
1)maths(英:数学),politics(政治),physics(物理)等学科名词,虽然后有-s,但是为单数形式。
2)news 为不可数名词。
3)the United States,the United Nations 视为单数。
4)以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。
例
5.表示由两部分构成的东西,只有复数形式。
glasses; trousers; pants; shorts; shoes;compasses(圆规)scissors(剪刀)等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双); suit(套)。
a pair of glasses “一副眼镜”;
two pairs of trousers “两条裤子” 等。
6.另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思。
如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes
(各种)鱼。
三、表示“某国人”的单复数变化:
1.加-s的词:
German---Germans (德国人)Russian---Russians(俄罗斯人)
Roman---Romans (罗马人)American---Americans
Arab---Arabs (阿拉伯人)
2.有变化的词有:
Frenchman---Frenchmen; Englishman-Englishmen
四、合成名词变为复数时:
1.第一个或最后一个词变成复数。
girl friend---girl friends (女朋友)boy student---boy students (男学生)
grown-up---grown-ups (成年人)passer-by---passers-by (过路人)
son-in-law ---sons-in-law(女婿)
2.构成合成名词的两个词都要变为复数。
man servant---men servants (男仆人woman teacher---women teachers
man doctor --- men doctors
可数名词和不可数名词
① 本单元的可数名词:eggs, apples, strawberries, oranges, onions, dumplings, drinks, carrots,
① 本单元的不可数名词:rice, porridge, beef, mutton, broccoli, juice
① 本单元的既是可数又是不可数的名词;chicken, salad, ice cream, cabbage, soup, dessert, fish
五、词句精讲
1.fish
(1)fish既可作可数名词,也可以作不可数名词。
用作可数名词指鱼的条数时,单复数相同。
I bought two fish in the market.
(2)fish用作可数名词指鱼的种类时,复数形式是fishes.
There are many kinds of fishes in the lake.
(3)fish作不可数名词,意为“鱼肉”。
Do you like fish or eggs?你喜欢吃鱼肉还是鸡蛋?
(4)fish 还可以作动词,意为“钓鱼”。
Let’s go fishing tomorrow. 让我们明天去钓鱼吧。
2.special
(1)special作名词时,意为“特色菜、特价品、特别的事物”等。
The train is a special for the football game.
The menu changes regularly and there are daily specials to choose from.
(2)special还可以做形容词,意为“特殊的, 特别的,特色的”。
His accent is quite special.
3.order
(1)order 作名词,意为“点菜”,是可数名词;词组take one’s order意为“点菜”。
May I take your order?
拓展:order 作名词时,还可以表示“顺序、次序”。
例如:
The names are in alphabetical order.
My mother likes order in our home.
(2)order 作动词,意为“命令、要求、订购货物”等。
例如:
The police ordered them to wait right there.
Shall I order a taxi for you?
4.would like + sth. / to do sth. / sb. to do sth 想/想要/愿意…
=want to do sth.
---What would you like to drink?
---I’d like a cup of tea.
She wouldn’t like to do that.
I’d like you to go there with me.
5.blow
blow 不及物动词,意为“吹”;词组blow out 意为“吹灭”。
后接名词时,名词可以放在词组的中间也可以放在out的后面;后接代词时,代词必须放在词组的中间。
The wind blew out the candle. 风吹灭了蜡烛。
The wind blew the match out. 风把火柴吹灭了。
The wind blew it out. 风把它吹灭了。
6.make sb. /sth. do sth. 意为“使某人做某事”。
make sth/sb+adj 意为“使/让某人(某物)怎么样”。
例如:
The boss makes us work eleven hours a day.
She often makes him happy.
7.a number of表示“许多……”+名词复数+谓语动词复数
A number of students of our school have read that magazine.
A number of wild animals have been found in the forest.
the number of表示“……的数量”+名词复数+谓语动词单数。
The number of students in our school is 1,500.
8.what size 询问尺寸、大小,“多大尺寸,什么号码的”。
size 是名词,可以表示物品的大小、尺寸、号码。
1)---你要多大号码的鞋?---我要38码的。
---What size shoes would you like?--I’d like Size 38.
2)这件T恤有点小,你能给我一件大号的吗?
This T-shirt is a little small for me. Would you like to show me a larger size?
9. I’d like beef noodles please.
(1)I’d like=I would like,would like的意思是“想要”,相当于动词want,但比want语气更加委婉。
would可以和主语缩写为’d,例如:I’d=I would;You’d=You would;He’d=He would等。
例如:
I’d like a large bowl, please. 我想要一大碗。
He’d like some apples. 他想要一些苹果。
(2)“would like sth.”表示“想要某物”。
My mother would like some milk. 我的妈妈想要一些牛奶。
(3)“would like to do”意为“想要做某事”。
例如:
I’d like to visit the Great Wall. 我想要参观长城。
(4)“would like sb. to do sth.”意为“想要某人做某事”。
例如:
I’d like you to meet my friend. 我想让你见见我的朋友。
10. Would you like a large bowl?
“Would you like…?”是日常生活中的常用句型,用于向对方有礼貌的提出建议或邀请。
其后可以跟名词、代词、动词不定式等。
“Would you like sth.?”意为“你想要……吗?” 其肯定回答是“Yes, please.”;否定回答是“No, thanks.”。
“Would you like to do sth?”意为“你愿意……吗?”;其肯定回答常用“Yes, I’d love/like to.”;否定回答常用“No, thanks.”或者“Sorry + 拒绝的理由. / I’d love to, but…等”。
例如:
-Would you like some bananas? 你想吃些香蕉吗?
-Yes, please. / No, thanks. 好的。
/ 不,谢谢。
-Would you like to have a rest? 你想休息一会儿吗?
-Yes, I’d love / like to. 是的,我非常愿意。
11. Can we have two bowls of beef soup then?
a bowl of…表示“一碗……”,后跟可数名词的复数或者不可数名词。
“数词+量词+of+名词”结构可表示某物数量的多少。
当数词大于一时,量词应变为复数形式。
例如:We’d like two bowls of dumplings. 我们想要两碗饺子。
拓展:类似的结构还有:
a glass of…一(玻璃)杯…… a cup of… 一(茶)杯
a piece of… 一张/块/片…… a box of… 一盒/箱……
12. What kind of noodles would you like?
What/Which kind of …would you like?是口语中常用的句型,用来询问某人想要什么种类的物品。
what kind of可以译为“什么样的,哪种”。
例如:
What kind of shirt would you like? 你想要什么样的衬衫?
What kind of birthday presents would you like? 你想要什么样的生日礼物?
拓展:kind作名词时,它的意思是“种类”,它可以构成短语a kind of(一种),all kinds of (各种各样的),different kinds of(不同种类的),what kind of(哪一种)。
例如:
What kind of food do you like? 你喜欢哪种食物?
There are all kinds of noodles in our shop. 我们商店里有各种各样的面条。
13. How can a person make his or her birthday wish come true?
(1)这是一个由疑问词how引导的特殊疑问句。
how意为“如何”,它针对方式方法进行提问。
例如:
How can I get there? 我怎样到达那里?
How do you solve the problem? 你如何解决这个问题?
(2)make sb. /sth. do sth. 意为“使某人做某事”。
其中动词make在该短语中是使役动词,使役动词后跟动词原形作宾语补足语,意为“使/让某人(某物)做某事”。
make sth/sb+adj 意为“使/让某人(某物)怎么样”。
例如:
make sth/sb+adj
The boss makes us work eleven hours a day.
老板让我们一天工作11个小时。
She often makes him happy. 她经常使他开心。